CFC · California Fire Code

How must fire escapes and egress balconies be maintained and periodically examined?

Your fire escapes and egress balconies must always be kept clear and in good working order and must be structurally inspected every five years by a registered design professional (or other person the fire official accepts) to verify they can carry dead load plus at least 100 lb/ft²; the inspection report must be submitted to the fire code official (CFC **§ 1032.2.2** and **§ 1032.2.2.2**) .

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Last reviewed: July 6, 2026

What the code requires — 2-4 sentences

Fire escapes and egress balconies must be kept clear and unobstructed and maintained in good working order (§ 1032.2.2.1) and must be examined for structural adequacy and safety every 5 years by a registered design professional or other person acceptable to the fire code official; the examination must confirm the element can support the dead load plus a live load of not less than 100 pounds per square foot and an inspection report must be submitted to the fire code official (§ 1032.2.2.2). Security enclosures, fences or screening around fire escape stairways must be approved and must not impede egress, and they must provide access for emergency personnel (§ 1032.2.2) .

The single most important rule: keep fire escapes and egress balconies free to use at all times and have them structurally checked every 5 years to the 100 psf live-load standard. § 1032.2.2 and § 1032.2.2.2

Requirements in detail

Short checklist (plain-English)

  • Keep the escape routes, stairways and balconies clear and unobstructed at all times and maintain in good working order (§ 1032.2.2.1) .
  • Perform a structural examination every 5 years by a registered design professional or other person acceptable to the fire code official; submit an inspection report after the examination (§ 1032.2.2.2) .
  • Examination must determine the element can support dead load plus a live load of not less than 100 pounds per square foot (4.78 kN/m2) (§ 1032.2.2.2) .
  • Any security enclosure, fence or screening on a fire escape must be approved and must not impede egress; provide access for emergency personnel through the enclosure (§ 1032.2.2) .

Decision‑relevant dimensions / values (quick reference table)

Requirement Value / Frequency Who Code Reference
Keep clear / unobstructed; maintain working order Continuous / at all times Owner/operator § 1032.2.2.1 —
Structural examination Every 5 years Registered design professional or other person acceptable to fire code official § 1032.2.2.2 —
Design load for examination Dead load + live load of not less than 100 lb/ft² (4.78 kN/m²) Examiner confirms capacity § 1032.2.2.2 —
Report after examination Submit inspection report to the fire code official Examiner / owner § 1032.2.2.2 —
Security enclosures / screening Must be approved and not impede egress; provide access for emergency personnel Owner / installer; approval by fire code official § 1032.2.2 —

What “examination” means here

  • The code requires an assessment of structural adequacy and safety (not only a visual check). The examiner must determine whether the stairways and balconies can sustain the specified loads. The code explicitly requires determination to the 100 lb/ft² live‑load threshold (§ 1032.2.2.2) .
  • The code identifies acceptable examiners as a registered design professional or another person the fire code official accepts; the authority having jurisdiction thus may permit qualified non‑RDP practitioners at their discretion (§ 1032.2.2.2) .

Exceptions & special cases

  • Security enclosures, fences or screening are allowed only when approved by the fire code official and they must be constructed so they do not impede egress; they also must provide a means for emergency personnel to access the fire escape from the exterior of the enclosure (§ 1032.2.2) .
  • The code text does not prescribe the exact format or minimum contents of the required inspection report, nor does it set repair timelines, who pays for repairs, or specific test methods for load verification; those items are left to the fire code official or other applicable standards (the CFC requires submission of a report but does not spell out its form) (§ 1032.2.2.2) . If you need the required report format or enforcement timelines, consult the local fire code official.

Common mistakes

  • Leaving furniture, stored materials or equipment on fire escape balconies or stairways—violates the “clear and unobstructed” requirement (§ 1032.2.2.1) .
  • Treating the 100 lb/ft² value as optional or as a point load requirement—the examination must confirm capacity for dead load plus a live load of not less than 100 lb/ft² (§ 1032.2.2.2) .
  • Using an unqualified inspector without prior acceptance by the fire code official; the code requires a registered design professional or other person acceptable to the fire code official for the 5‑year examination (§ 1032.2.2.2) .
  • Failing to submit the inspection report to the fire code official after the required examination (§ 1032.2.2.2) .

Worked example

Scenario: A three‑story apartment building has an exterior fire‑escape balcony 10 ft long × 3 ft wide on the second floor (30 ft²). The owner hires a structural engineer to perform the required examination.

  1. Frequency: The engineer schedules the exam and documents it — the code requires this every 5 years (§ 1032.2.2.2) .
  2. Load check: The required live‑load capacity for the balcony is 100 lb/ft². For 30 ft² the minimum live‑load capacity to verify is: 100 lb/ft² × 30 ft² = 3,000 lb (plus dead load). The examiner must determine the balcony can safely carry dead load + at least 3,000 lb in live load per the code requirement (§ 1032.2.2.2) .
  3. Outcome/report: The engineer prepares an inspection report documenting the structural condition and load‑capacity determination and submits it to the fire code official as required by the code (§ 1032.2.2.2) . If deficiencies are found, the owner must repair or replace components to restore compliance — note: the CFC requires the report and the examination but does not prescribe exact repair deadlines or the report format; those are typically addressed by the enforcing agency.

Related provisions (CFC)

  • § 1032.2 — Reliability: means of egress must be continuously maintained free from obstructions .
  • § 1032.2.1 — Security devices and egress locks: security devices that affect means of egress are subject to approval by the fire code official .
  • § 1032.2.2 — Fire escapes: enclosures/fences/screening must be approved and not impede egress; provide access for emergency personnel .
  • § 1032.2.2.1 — Maintenance: keep fire escape stairways and balconies clear and unobstructed; maintain in good working order .
  • § 1032.2.2.2 — Examination: five‑year examination, 100 lb/ft² requirement, and submission of inspection report .
  • § 1032.3 — Obstructions: means of egress shall be free from obstructions that would prevent use (complements the fire escape rules) .

Code references

Grounded in the retrieved California Fire Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

  • CFC § 1032.2 High relevance — show source text

    Exceptions: (1) Furniture or equipment constructed of wood or other material of similar combustibility may be permitted in an exit or exposed to an exit when approved by the enforcing agency. (2) When approved by the enforcing agency, combustible materials may be permitted in exit foyers and lobbies.

    (c) No person shall install, place or permit the installation or placement of any storage material of any kind in any exit regardless of the required width of such exit.

    Exception: Personal material located in metal lockers in Group B and E occupancies as defined in California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 2.

    (d) Aisles shall not be occupied by any person for whom seating is not available.

    1032.2 Reliability. Required exit accesses, exits and exit discharges shall be continuously maintained free from obstructions or impediments to full instant use in the case of fire or other emergency where the building area served by the means of egress is occupied. An exit or exit passageway shall not be used for any purpose that interferes with a means of egress.

    1032.2.1 Security devices and egress locks. Security devices affecting means of egress shall be subject to approval of the fire code official. Security devices and locking arrangements in the means of egress that restrict, control, or delay egress shall be installed and maintained as required by this chapter.

    1032.2.2 Fire escapes. Security enclosures, fences or screening for fire escape stairways shall be approved by the fire code official and shall be constructed such that they do not impede egress to the public way. Means shall be provided for emergency personnel to access the fire escape stair from the exterior of the enclosure.

    1032.2.2.1 Maintenance. Fire escape stairways and balconies shall be kept clear and unobstructed at all times and shall be maintained in good working order.

    1032.2.2.2 Examination. Fire escape stairways and balconies shall be examined for structural adequacy and safety by a registered design professional or other person acceptable to the fire code official every 5 years. The examination shall determine whether the fire escape stairways and balconies can support the dead load plus a live load of not less than 100 pounds per square foot (4.78 kN/m [2] ). An inspection report shall be submitted to the fire code official after such examination.

    1032.2.3 Locking arrangements in educational occupancies. In Group E occupancies, Group B educational occupancies and Group I-4 occupancies, egress doors with locking arrangements designed to keep intruders from entering the room shall comply with Section 1010.2.8.

    1032.3 Obstructions. A means of egress shall be free from obstructions that would prevent its use, including the accumulation of snow and ice.

    1032.3.1 Group I-2. In Group I-2, the required clear width for aisles, corridors and ramps that are part of the required means of egress shall comply with Section 407.4.3 of the California Building Code and Section 1020.3. The facility shall have a plan to maintain the required clear width during emergency situations.

  • CFC § 1032.2.2.1 High relevance — show source text

    1032.2.2.1 Maintenance. Fire escape stairways and balconies shall be kept clear and unobstructed at all times and shall be maintained in good working order.

    1032.2.2.2 Examination. Fire escape stairways and balconies shall be examined for structural adequacy and safety by a registered design professional or other person acceptable to the fire code official every 5 years. The examination shall determine whether the fire escape stairways and balconies can support the dead load plus a live load of not less than 100 pounds per square foot (4.78 kN/m [2] ). An inspection report shall be submitted to the fire code official after such examination.

    1032.2.3 Locking arrangements in educational occupancies. In Group E occupancies, Group B educational occupancies and Group I-4 occupancies, egress doors with locking arrangements designed to keep intruders from entering the room shall comply with Section 1010.2.8.

    1032.3 Obstructions. A means of egress shall be free from obstructions that would prevent its use, including the accumulation of snow and ice.

    1032.3.1 Group I-2. In Group I-2, the required clear width for aisles, corridors and ramps that are part of the required means of egress shall comply with Section 407.4.3 of the California Building Code and Section 1020.3. The facility shall have a plan to maintain the required clear width during emergency situations.

    Exception: In areas required for bed movement, equipment shall be permitted in the required width where all of the following provisions are met:

    1. The equipment is low hazard and wheeled.
    2. The equipment does not reduce the effective clear width for the means of egress to less than 5 feet (1525 mm).
    3. The equipment is limited to: 3.1. Equipment and carts in use. 3.2. Medical emergency equipment.

    3.3. Infection control carts.

    3.4. Patient lift and transportation equipment. 4. Medical emergency equipment and patient lift and transportation equipment, when not in use, are required to be located on one side of the corridor.

    1. The equipment is limited in number to not more than one per patient sleeping room or patient care room within each smoke compartment.

    [BE] 1032.4 Exit signs. Exit signs shall be installed and maintained in accordance with the building code that was in effect at the time of construction and the applicable provisions in Section 1104. Decorations, furnishings, equipment or adjacent signage that impairs the visibility of exit signs, creates confusion or prevents identification of the exit shall not be allowed.

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    MEANS OF EGRESS

    1032.5 Nonexit identification. Where a door is adjacent to, constructed similar to and can be confused with a means of egress door, that door shall be identified with an approved sign that identifies the room name or use of the room.

  • CFC § 904.5.1 High relevance — show source text

    904.5.1 System test. Systems shall be inspected and tested for proper operation at six-month intervals. Tests shall include a check of the detection system, alarms and releasing devices, including manual stations and other associated equipment. Extinguishing system units shall be weighed and the required amount of agent verified. Stored pressure-type units shall be checked for the required pressure. The cartridge of cartridge-operated units shall be weighed and replaced at intervals indicated by the manufacturer.

    904.5.2 Fusible link maintenance. Fixed temperature-sensing elements shall be maintained to ensure proper operation of the system.

    904.6 Dry-chemical systems. Dry-chemical extinguishing systems shall be installed, maintained, periodically inspected and tested in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 5 and NFPA 17 and their listing. Records of inspections and testing shall be maintained.

    904.6.1 System test. Systems shall be inspected and tested for proper operation at six-month intervals. Tests shall include a check of the detection system, alarms and releasing devices, including manual stations and other associated equipment. Extinguishing system units shall be weighed, and the required amount of agent verified. Stored pressure-type units shall be checked for the required pressure. The cartridge of cartridge-operated units shall be weighed and replaced at intervals indicated by the manufacturer.

    904.6.2 Fusible link maintenance. Fixed temperature-sensing elements shall be maintained to ensure proper operation of the system.

    904.7 Foam systems. Foam-extinguishing systems shall be installed, maintained, periodically inspected and tested in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 5 and NFPA 11 and their listing. Records of inspections and testing shall be maintained.

    904.7.1 System test. Foam-extinguishing systems shall be inspected and tested at intervals in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 5.

    904.8 Carbon dioxide systems. Carbon dioxide extinguishing systems shall be installed, maintained, periodically inspected and tested in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 5 and NFPA 12 and their listing. Records of inspections and testing shall be maintained.

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    FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS

    904.8.1 System test. Systems shall be inspected and tested for proper operation in accordance with California Code of Regula- tions, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 5.

    904.8.2 High-pressure cylinders. High-pressure cylinders shall be weighed and the date of the last hydrostatic test shall be verified at six-month intervals. Where a container shows a loss in original content of more than 10 percent, the cylinder shall be refilled or replaced.

    904.8.3 Low-pressure containers. The liquid-level gauges of low-pressure containers shall be observed at one-week intervals. Where a container shows a content loss of more than 10 percent, the container shall be refilled to maintain the minimum gas requirements.

    904.8.4 System hoses. System hoses shall be examined at 12-month intervals for damage. Damaged hoses shall be replaced or tested. At five-year intervals, all hoses shall be tested.

  • CFC § 12-3 High relevance — show source text

    Such bars, grills, grates or any similar devices shall be equipped with an approved exterior release device for use by the fire department only when required by the authority having jurisdiction.

    Where security bars (burglar bars) are installed on emergency egress and rescue windows or doors, on or after July 1, 2000, such devices shall comply with California Building Standards Code, Part 12, Chapter 12-3 and other applicable provisions of Part 2.

    Exception: Group R-1 occupancies provided with a monitored fire sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.2.8 and designed in accordance with NFPA 13 may have openable windows permanently restricted to a maximum 4-inch (102 mm) open position.

    1031.2.2 Maintenance. Fire escape stairways and balconies shall be kept clear and unobstructed at all times and shall be main- tained in good working order.

    1031.2.3 Examination. Fire escape stairways and balconies shall be examined for structural adequacy and safety by a registered design professional or other person acceptable to the fire code official every 5 years. The examination shall determine whether the fire escape stairways and balconies can support the dead load plus a live load of not less than 100 pounds per square foot (4.78 kN/m). An inspection report shall be submitted to the fire code official after such examination.

    1031.3 Emergency escape and rescue openings. Emergency escape and rescue openings shall comply with Sections 1031.3.1 through 1031.3.3.

    1031.3.1 Minimum size. Emergency escape and rescue openings shall have a minimum net clear opening of 5.7 square feet (0.53 m [2] ).

    Exception: The minimum net clear opening for grade-floor emergency escape and rescue openings shall be 5 square feet (0.46 m [2] ).

    1031.3.2 Minimum dimensions. The minimum net clear opening height dimension shall be 24 inches (610 mm). The minimum net clear opening width dimension shall be 20 inches (508 mm). The net clear opening dimensions shall be the result of normal operation of the opening.

    1031.3.3 Maximum height from floor. Emergency escape and rescue openings shall have the bottom of the clear opening not greater than 44 inches (1118 mm) measured from the floor.

    1031.4 Emergency escape and rescue doors. Where a door is provided as the required emergency escape and rescue opening, it shall be a swinging door or a sliding door.

    1031.5 Area wells. An emergency escape and rescue opening with the bottom of the clear opening below the adjacent grade shall be provided with an area well in accordance with Sections 1031.5.1 through 1031.5.3.

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    1031.5.1 Minimum size. The minimum horizontal area of the area well shall be 9 square feet (0.84 m [2] ), with a horizontal projection and width of not less than 36 inches (914 mm). The area well shall allow the emergency escape and rescue opening to be fully opened.

    Exception: The ladder or steps required by Section 1031.5.2 shall be permitted to encroach not more than 6 inches (152 mm) into the required dimensions of the area well.

  • CFC § 18.6 High relevance — show source text

    Basements with a ceiling height of less than 80 inches (2032 mm) shall not be required to have emergency escape and rescue openings. 4 . Emergency escape and rescue openings are not required from basements or sleeping rooms that have an exit door or exit access door that opens directly into a public way or to a yard, court or exterior egress balcony that leads to a public

    way. 5 . Basements without habitable spaces and having not more than 200 square feet (18.6 m [2] ) in floor area shall not be required to have emergency escape and rescue openings. 6 . Storm shelters are not required to comply with this section where the shelter is constructed in accordance with ICC 500. 7 . Within individual dwelling and sleeping units in Groups R-2 and R-3, where the building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, 903.3.1.2 or 903.3.1.3, sleeping rooms in basements shall not be required to have emergency escape and rescue openings provided that the basement has one of the following: 7.1. One means of egress and one emergency escape and rescue opening. 7.2. Two means of egress. 8. In Group R-2.2 occupancies a certified fire escape is acceptable as a secondary means of egress for existing buildings for this section of the code.

    1031.2.1 Operational constraints and opening control devices. Emergency escape and rescue openings and any exit doors shall be maintained free of any obstructions other than those allowed by this section and shall be operational from inside the room without the use of keys or tools. Window-opening control devices complying with ASTM F2090 shall be permitted for use on windows serving as a required emergency escape and rescue opening. The release mechanism shall be maintained operable at all times.

    Such bars, grills, grates or any similar devices shall be equipped with an approved exterior release device for use by the fire department only when required by the authority having jurisdiction.

    Where security bars (burglar bars) are installed on emergency egress and rescue windows or doors, on or after July 1, 2000, such devices shall comply with California Building Standards Code, Part 12, Chapter 12-3 and other applicable provisions of Part 2.

    Exception: Group R-1 occupancies provided with a monitored fire sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.2.8 and designed in accordance with NFPA 13 may have openable windows permanently restricted to a maximum 4-inch (102 mm) open position.

    1031.2.2 Maintenance. Fire escape stairways and balconies shall be kept clear and unobstructed at all times and shall be main- tained in good working order.

    1031.2.3 Examination. Fire escape stairways and balconies shall be examined for structural adequacy and safety by a registered design professional or other person acceptable to the fire code official every 5 years. The examination shall determine whether the fire escape stairways and balconies can support the dead load plus a live load of not less than 100 pounds per square foot (4.78 kN/m). An inspection report shall be submitted to the fire code official after such examination.

    1031.3 Emergency escape and rescue openings. Emergency escape and rescue openings shall comply with Sections 1031.3.1 through 1031.3.3.

  • CFC § 904.7.1 High relevance — show source text

    904.7.1 System test. Foam-extinguishing systems shall be inspected and tested at intervals in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 5.

    904.8 Carbon dioxide systems. Carbon dioxide extinguishing systems shall be installed, maintained, periodically inspected and tested in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 5 and NFPA 12 and their listing. Records of inspections and testing shall be maintained.

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    904.8.1 System test. Systems shall be inspected and tested for proper operation in accordance with California Code of Regula- tions, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 5.

    904.8.2 High-pressure cylinders. High-pressure cylinders shall be weighed and the date of the last hydrostatic test shall be verified at six-month intervals. Where a container shows a loss in original content of more than 10 percent, the cylinder shall be refilled or replaced.

    904.8.3 Low-pressure containers. The liquid-level gauges of low-pressure containers shall be observed at one-week intervals. Where a container shows a content loss of more than 10 percent, the container shall be refilled to maintain the minimum gas requirements.

    904.8.4 System hoses. System hoses shall be examined at 12-month intervals for damage. Damaged hoses shall be replaced or tested. At five-year intervals, all hoses shall be tested.

    904.8.4.1 Test procedure. Hoses shall be tested at not less than 2,500 pounds per square inch (psi) (17 238 kPa) for high-pressure systems and at not less than 900 psi (6206 kPa) for low-pressure systems.

    904.8.5 Auxiliary equipment. Auxiliary and supplementary components, such as switches, door and window releases, interconnected valves, damper releases and supplementary alarms, shall be manually operated at 12-month intervals to ensure that such components are in proper operating condition.

    904.9 Halon systems. Halogenated extinguishing systems shall be installed, maintained, periodically inspected and tested in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 5 and NFPA 12A and their listing. Records of inspections and testing shall be maintained.

    904.9.1 System test. Systems shall be inspected and tested for proper operation in accordance with California Code of Regula- tions, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 5.

    904.9.2 Containers. The extinguishing agent quantity and pressure of containers shall be checked at six-month intervals. Where a container shows a loss in original weight of more than 5 percent or a loss in original pressure (adjusted for temperature) of more than 10 percent, the container shall be refilled or replaced. The weight and pressure of the container shall be recorded on a tag attached to the container.

    904.9.3 System hoses. System hoses shall be examined at 12-month intervals for damage. Damaged hoses shall be replaced or tested. At five-year intervals, all hoses shall be tested.

  • CFC § 901.5.1 High relevance — show source text

    901.5.1 Occupancy. It shall be unlawful to occupy any portion of a building or structure until the required fire protection and life safety systems have been tested and approved.

    901.6 Inspection, testing and maintenance. Fire protection and life safety systems shall be maintained in an operative condition at all times, and shall be replaced or repaired where defective. Nonrequired fire protection and life safety systems and equipment shall be inspected, tested and maintained or removed in accordance with Section 901.8.

    All fire alarm systems, fire detection systems, automatic sprinkler or extinguishing systems, communication systems, and all other equipment, material or systems required by these regulations shall be maintained in an operable condition at all times in accordance with this code and California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1. Upon disruption or diminishment of the fire protective qualities of such equipment, material or systems, immediate action shall be instituted to affect a reestablishment of such equipment, material or systems to their original normal and operational condition.

    [California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §1.14] Maintenance.

    Every fire alarm system or device, sprinkler system, fire extinguisher, fire hose, fire-resistive assembly or any other fire safety assembly, device, material or equipment installed and retained in service in any building or structure subject to California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1 regulations shall be maintained in an operable condition at all times in accordance with California Code of Regula- tions, Title 19, Division 1 regulations and with their intended use.

    [California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.24] Maintenance of Equipment.

    All fire alarm systems, fire detection systems, automatic sprinkler or extinguishing systems, communication systems, and all other equip- ment, material or systems required by California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1 shall be maintained in an operable condition at all times. Upon disruption or diminishment of the fire protective qualities of such equipment, material or systems, immediate action shall be instituted to affect a reestablishment of such equipment material or systems to their original normal and operational condition.

    [California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §904(a)] Required Inspection, Testing and Maintenance Frequencies.

    (a) All automatic fire extinguishing systems, including systems installed as an alternate to other building requirements, shall be inspected, tested and maintained in accordance with the following frequencies. Local authorities may require more frequent inspec- tion, testing and maintenance and additional procedures.

    [California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §904(a)(1)] Required Inspection, Testing and Maintenance Frequencies.

    (1) Water-based fire protection systems shall be inspected, tested and maintained in accordance with the frequencies required by NFPA 25 (2011 edition) including Annexes A, B, C, D and G as amended by the State of California. (Published as NFPA 25, 2013 Califor- nia Edition.)

    [California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §904(b)] Required Inspection, Testing and Maintenance Frequencies.

    (b) When proof of the installation date of standpipe systems or automatic fire sprinkler systems cannot be furnished, such systems shall receive initial testing and maintenance by July 1, 1985.

    [California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §904.2(a)] Testing and Maintenance Requirements.

  • CFC § 904.10.3 High relevance — show source text

    904.10.3 System hoses. System hoses shall be examined at 12-month intervals for damage. Damaged hoses shall be replaced or tested. All hoses shall be tested at 5-year intervals.

    904.11 Automatic water mist systems. Automatic water mist systems shall be permitted in applications that are consistent with the applicable listing or approvals and shall comply with Sections 904.11.1 through 904.11.3.

    904.11.1 Design and installation requirements. Automatic water mist systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with Sections 904.11.1.1 through 904.11.1.4.

    904.11.1.1 General. Automatic water mist systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with California Code of Regu- lations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 5 and NFPA 750 and the manufacturer’s instructions.

    904.11.1.2 Actuation. Automatic water mist systems shall be automatically actuated.

    904.11.1.3 Water supply protection. Connections to a potable water supply shall be protected against backflow in accordance with the California Plumbing Code .

    904.11.1.4 Secondary water supply. Where a secondary water supply is required for an automatic sprinkler system, an automatic water mist system shall be provided with an approved secondary water supply.

    904.11.2 Water mist system supervision and alarms. Supervision and alarms shall be provided as required for automatic sprinkler systems in accordance with Section 903.4.1.

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    904.11.2.1 Monitoring. Monitoring shall be provided as required for automatic sprinkler systems in accordance with Section 903.4.2.

    904.11.2.2 Alarms. Alarms shall be provided as required for automatic sprinkler systems in accordance with Section 903.4.3.

    904.11.2.3 Floor control valves. Floor control valves shall be provided as required for automatic sprinkler systems in accordance with Section 903.3.9.

    904.11.3 Testing and maintenance. Automatic water mist systems shall be tested and maintained in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 5.

    904.12 Hybrid fire-extinguishing systems. Hybrid fire-extinguishing systems shall be designed, installed, maintained, periodically inspected and tested in accordance with NFPA 770. Records of inspection and testing shall be maintained.

    904.13 Aerosol fire-extinguishing systems. Aerosol fire-extinguishing systems shall be installed, maintained, periodically inspected and tested in accordance with NFPA 2010 and their listing.

    Such devices and appurtenances shall be listed and installed in compliance with manufacturer’s instructions.

    904.13.1 Maintenance. Not less than semiannually, an inspection shall be conducted by a trained person to assess whether the system is in working order. Not less than annually, a certified fire suppression contractor having knowledge of and training in the installation, operation and maintenance of the specific fire-extinguishing system shall inspect, test, service and maintain such system in accordance with this section and the manufacturer’s specifications and servicing manuals. Records of inspections and testing shall be maintained.

  • CFC § 33.3 High relevance — show source text

    Stairway openings in such balconies shall not be less than 22 inches by 44 inches (559 by 1118 mm). The balustrade of each balcony shall not be less than 36 inches (914 mm) high with not more than 9 inches (287 mm) between balusters. 6. Fire escapes shall extend to the roof or provide an approved gooseneck ladder between the top floor landing and the roof when serving buildings four or more stories in height having roofs with less than 4 units vertical in 12 units horizontal (33.3 percent slope). Fire escape ladders shall be designed and connected to the building to withstand a horizontal force of 100 pounds (445 N) placed anywhere on the rung. All ladders shall be at least 15 inches (381 mm) wide, located within 12 inches (305 mm) of the building. Ladder rungs shall be [3] / 4 inch (19.1 mm) in diameter and shall be located 12 inches (305 mm) on center. Openings for roof access ladders through cornices and similar projections shall have minimum dimensions of 30 inches by 33 inches (762 by 838 mm). The length of fire escapes and exit ladder devices shall be limited to that approved by the building official based on products listed by a recognized testing laboratory. 7. The lowest balcony shall not be more than 18 feet (5486 mm) from the ground. Fire escapes shall extend to the ground or be provided with counterbalanced stairs reaching to the ground. 8. Fire escapes shall not take the place of stairways required by the codes under which the building was constructed. 9. Fire escapes shall be kept clear and unobstructed at all times and maintained in good working order.

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    MEANS OF EGRESS

    SECTION 8-503 — ESCAPE OR RESCUE WINDOWS AND DOORS

    Basements in dwelling units and every sleeping room below the fourth floor shall have at least one openable window or door approved for emergency escape which shall open directly into a public street, public way, yard or exit court. Escape or rescue windows or doors shall have a minimum clear area of 3.3 square feet (0.31 m [2] ) and a minimum width or height dimension of 18 inches (457 mm) and be operable from the inside to provide a full, clear opening without the use of special tools.

    SECTION 8-504 — RAILINGS AND GUARDRAILS

    The height of railings and guard railings and the spacing of balusters may continue in their historical height and spacing unless a distinct hazard has been identified or created by a change in use or occupancy.

    10 2025 CALIFORNIA HISTORICAL BUILDING CODE

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    8-6 ACCESSIBILITY

    SECTION 8-601 — PURPOSE, INTENT AND SCOPE

    8-601.1 Purpose. The purpose of the CHBC is to provide alternative regulations to facilitate access and use by persons with disabilities to and throughout facilities designated as qualified historical buildings or properties. These regulations require enforcing agencies to accept alternatives to regular code when dealing with qualified historical buildings or properties.

  • CFC § 8-502.6 High relevance — show source text

    8-502.6 New fire escapes and fire escape ladders. New fire escapes and fire escape ladders which comply with this section shall be acceptable as one of the required means of egress. New fire escapes and new fire escape ladders shall comply with the following:

    1. Access from a corridor shall not be through an intervening room.
    2. All openings within 10 feet (3048 mm) shall be protected by three-fourths-hour fire assemblies. When located within a recess or vestibule, adjacent enclosure walls shall be of not less than one-hour fire-resistive construction.
    3. Egress from the building shall be by a clear opening having a minimum dimension of not less than 29 inches (737 mm). Such openings shall be openable from the inside without the use of a key or special knowledge or effort. The sill of an opening giving access shall not be more than 30 inches (737 mm) above the floor, step or landing of the building or balcony.
    4. Fire escape stairways and balconies shall support the dead load plus a live load of not less than 100 pounds per square foot (4.79 kN/m [2] ) and shall be provided with a top and intermediate handrail on each side. The pitch of the stairway shall not exceed 72 degrees with a minimum width of 18 inches (457 mm). Treads shall not be less than 4 inches (102 mm) in width, and the rise between treads shall not exceed 10 inches (254 mm). All stair and balcony railings shall support a horizontal force of not less than 50 pounds per lineal foot (729.5 N/m [2] ) of railing.
    5. Balconies shall not be less than 44 inches (1118 mm) in width with no floor opening other than the stairway opening greater than [5] / 8 inch (15.9 mm) in width. Stairway openings in such balconies shall not be less than 22 inches by 44 inches (559 by 1118 mm). The balustrade of each balcony shall not be less than 36 inches (914 mm) high with not more than 9 inches (287 mm) between balusters.
    6. Fire escapes shall extend to the roof or provide an approved gooseneck ladder between the top floor landing and the roof when serving buildings four or more stories in height having roofs with less than 4 units vertical in 12 units horizontal (33.3 percent slope). Fire escape ladders shall be designed and connected to the building to withstand a horizontal force of 100 pounds (445 N) placed anywhere on the rung. All ladders shall be at least 15 inches (381 mm) wide, located within 12 inches (305 mm) of the building. Ladder rungs shall be [3] / 4 inch (19.1 mm) in diameter and shall be located 12 inches (305 mm) on center. Openings for roof access ladders through cornices and similar projections shall have minimum dimensions of 30 inches by 33 inches (762 by 838 mm). The length of fire escapes and exit ladder devices shall be limited to that approved by the building official based on products listed by a recognized testing laboratory.
    7. The lowest balcony shall not be more than 18 feet (5486 mm) from the ground. Fire escapes shall extend to the ground or be provided with counterbalanced stairs reaching to the ground.
    8. Fire escapes shall not take the place of stairways required by the codes under which the building was constructed.
  • CFC § 1803.5.1 High relevance — show source text

    Exception: A drainage system for area wells is not required where the foundation is on well-drained soil or sand-gravel mixture soils in accordance with the United Soil Classification System, Group I Soils, in accordance with Section 1803.5.1 of the Califor- nia Building Code .

    [BE] 1031.6 Bars, grilles, covers and screens. Where bars, grilles, covers, screens or similar devices are permitted to be placed over emergency escape and rescue openings, or area wells that serve such openings, the minimum net clear opening size shall comply with Sections 1031.3 and 1031.5. Such devices shall be releasable or removable from the inside without the use of a key, tool or force greater than that which is required for normal operation of the escape and rescue opening.

    2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 10-63

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    MEANS OF EGRESS

    SECTION 1032—MAINTENANCE OF THE MEANS OF EGRESS

    1032.1 General. The means of egress for buildings or portions thereof shall be maintained in accordance with this section.

    [California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.11(a) through (d)] Exits, Aisles, Ramps, Corridors and Passageways.

    (a) No person shall install, place or permit the installation or placement of any bed, chair, equipment, concession, turnstile, ticket office or anything whatsoever, in any manner which would block or obstruct the required width of any exit.

    (b) No person shall install, place or permit the installation or placement of any combustible material or equipment in or exposed to any exit.

    Exceptions: (1) Furniture or equipment constructed of wood or other material of similar combustibility may be permitted in an exit or exposed to an exit when approved by the enforcing agency. (2) When approved by the enforcing agency, combustible materials may be permitted in exit foyers and lobbies.

    (c) No person shall install, place or permit the installation or placement of any storage material of any kind in any exit regardless of the required width of such exit.

    Exception: Personal material located in metal lockers in Group B and E occupancies as defined in California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 2.

    (d) Aisles shall not be occupied by any person for whom seating is not available.

    1032.2 Reliability. Required exit accesses, exits and exit discharges shall be continuously maintained free from obstructions or impediments to full instant use in the case of fire or other emergency where the building area served by the means of egress is occupied. An exit or exit passageway shall not be used for any purpose that interferes with a means of egress.

    1032.2.1 Security devices and egress locks. Security devices affecting means of egress shall be subject to approval of the fire code official. Security devices and locking arrangements in the means of egress that restrict, control, or delay egress shall be installed and maintained as required by this chapter.

    1032.2.2 Fire escapes. Security enclosures, fences or screening for fire escape stairways shall be approved by the fire code official and shall be constructed such that they do not impede egress to the public way. Means shall be provided for emergency personnel to access the fire escape stair from the exterior of the enclosure.

  • CFC § 8-5 High relevance — show source text

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    8-5 MEANS OF EGRESS

    SECTION 8-501 — PURPOSE, INTENT AND SCOPE

    8-501.1 Purpose. The purpose of this chapter is to establish minimum means of egress regulations for qualified historical buildings or properties. The CHBC requires enforcing agencies to accept reasonably equivalent alternatives to the means of egress requirements in the regular code.

    8-501.2 Intent. The intent of these regulations is to provide an adequate means of egress.

    8-501.3 Scope. Every qualified historical building or portion thereof shall be provided with exits as required by the CHBC when required by the provisions of Section 8-102.

    SECTION 8-502 — GENERAL

    8-502.1 General. The enforcing agency shall grant reasonable exceptions to the specific provisions of applicable egress regulations where such exceptions will not adversely affect life safety.

    8-502.2. Existing door openings and corridor widths of less than dimensions required by regular code shall be permitted where there is sufficient width and height for the occupants to pass through the opening or traverse the exit.

    8-502.3 Stairs. Existing stairs having risers and treads or width at variance with the regular code are allowed if determined by the enforcing agency to not constitute a distinct hazard. Handrails with nonconforming grip size or extensions are allowed if determined by the enforcing agency to not constitute a distinct hazard.

    8-502.4 Main entry doors. The front or main entry doors need not be rehung to swing in the direction of exit travel, provided other means or conditions of exiting, as necessary to serve the total occupant load, are provided.

    8-502.5 Existing fire escapes. Existing previously approved fire escapes and fire escape ladders shall be acceptable as one of the required means of egress, provided they extend to the ground and are easily negotiated, adequately signed and in good working order. Access shall be by an opening having a minimum width of 29 inches (737 mm) when open with a sill no more than 30 inches (762 mm) above the adjacent floor, landing or approved step.

    8-502.6 New fire escapes and fire escape ladders. New fire escapes and fire escape ladders which comply with this section shall be acceptable as one of the required means of egress. New fire escapes and new fire escape ladders shall comply with the following:

    1. Access from a corridor shall not be through an intervening room.
    2. All openings within 10 feet (3048 mm) shall be protected by three-fourths-hour fire assemblies. When located within a recess or vestibule, adjacent enclosure walls shall be of not less than one-hour fire-resistive construction.
    3. Egress from the building shall be by a clear opening having a minimum dimension of not less than 29 inches (737 mm). Such openings shall be openable from the inside without the use of a key or special knowledge or effort. The sill of an opening giving access shall not be more than 30 inches (737 mm) above the floor, step or landing of the building or balcony.
    4. Fire escape stairways and balconies shall support the dead load plus a live load of not less than 100 pounds per square foot (4.79 kN/m [2] ) and shall be provided with a top and intermediate handrail on each side. The pitch of the stairway shall not exceed 72 degrees with a minimum width of 18 inches (457 mm).

Frequently asked questions

Who may perform the five‑year examination?

The code requires a registered design professional or other person acceptable to the fire code official to perform the examination; the fire code official may accept a qualified non‑RDP inspector at their discretion (§ 1032.2.2.2) .

How often must a fire escape be examined?

Every 5 years. The code explicitly requires examination for structural adequacy and safety at that interval (§ 1032.2.2.2) .

What load must the fire escape be checked to support?

The examination must determine the escape can support dead load plus a live load of not less than 100 pounds per square foot (4.78 kN/m²) (§ 1032.2.2.2) .

Must an inspection report be provided?

Yes — an inspection report shall be submitted to the fire code official after the five‑year examination (§ 1032.2.2.2) .

Can I store items temporarily on an egress balcony?

No — fire escape stairways and balconies must be kept clear and unobstructed at all times (§ 1032.2.2.1) .

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