CFC · California Fire Code

How must hazardous materials be moved inside buildings (carts, elevators, valve protection)?

If you move hazardous materials indoors, the California Fire Code requires protective caps on gas cylinders and, for many liquids or high‑hazard items (more than 5.28 gal or NFPA 704 rank 3–4), movement on a cart or truck — elevators are stricter and the 11th floor and above require approved carts for all vertical movement.

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Last reviewed: July 6, 2026

What the code requires — 2–4 sentences

In plain English: hazardous-material containers moved inside buildings must be secured, limited by size and hazard, and in many cases transported on carts or trucks rather than hand‑carried. The California Fire Code requires protective valve caps on gas containers (§ 5003.10.1) and establishes when carts/trucks are required for moving liquids and higher‑hazard materials in elevators, corridors and interior exit stairways or ramps (§ 5003.10 and § 5003.10.2). On the 11th story and above, all vertical handling and transportation must be in approved carts (§ 5003.10.2.1).

The single most important rule: if a container exceeds 5.28 gallons (20 L) or has a high hazard ranking (NFPA 704 3 or 4), you must use a cart or truck for movement in elevators, corridors or interior exits — and on the 11th story and above all vertical movement must be in approved carts.

Requirements in detail

  • Valve protection (gas containers): Gas containers, cylinders and tanks in transit must have their protective caps in place. Containers for highly toxic or toxic compressed gases must additionally have valve outlets capped or plugged with an approved closure per Chapter 53 (§ 5003.10.1).

  • When carts/trucks are required:

    • Liquids in containers exceeding 5.28 gallons (20 L) being transported in an elevator, a corridor or an enclosure for a stairway or ramp must be transported on a cart or truck. Containers having an NFPA 704 hazard ranking of 3 or 4 transported within those same routes must also be on a cart or truck (§ 5003.10.2).
    • Exceptions 1–4 to cart requirements exist (small hand‑carried amounts, limited drums, small cylinders, small solids), but those exceptions do not apply where elevators are utilized — i.e., elevator movement is stricter (§ 5003.10.2).

  • Vertical transport on upper floors: On the 11th story and above, all vertical handling and transportation of hazardous materials must be carried out in approved carts (no hand‑carrying for vertical movement) (§ 5003.10.2.1).

Decision‑relevant quick reference table

Situation / dimension Code requirement Code Reference
Protective cap on gas containers in transit Cap must be in place; toxic/highly toxic gases require valve outlets capped/plugged with approved closure § 5003.10.1
Liquid container moved in elevator / corridor / interior exit & capacity > 5.28 gal (20 L) Must be transported on a cart or truck § 5003.10.2 cite
Any container with NFPA 704 hazard ranking 3 or 4 moved in elevator / corridor / interior exit Must be on a cart or truck § 5003.10.2
Elevators: applicability of exceptions Exceptions 1–4 DO NOT apply to materials being moved in elevators § 5003.10.2
Vertical transport on 11th story and above All vertical handling/transportation must be in approved carts § 5003.10.2.1

(For cart/truck design, spill control and other cart details, see the code sections that follow § 5003.10 — e.g., cart design and spill control requirements in § 5003.10.3. These are closely related and should be consulted when selecting equipment. )

Exceptions & special cases

  • The code lists four named exceptions (hand‑carried two liquid containers in approved carriers; up to four 55‑gal drums on drum trucks; compressed gas containers on approved hand trucks or cylinders ≤ 25 lb hand‑carried; solids ≤ 100 lb on hand trucks or a single container ≤ 50 lb hand‑carried). However, the provision that Exceptions 1 through 4 do not apply when elevators are used is explicit — do not rely on these exceptions for elevator transport (§ 5003.10.2).

  • On the 11th story and above the code eliminates many of the above options for vertical movement — everything must be in approved carts (even if an item would otherwise qualify for an exception at lower floors) (§ 5003.10.2.1).

  • Valve protection applies to all gas containers in transit; for highly toxic or toxic compressed gases the valve outlet must be capped or plugged with an approved device per Chapter 53, which is a stricter protection measure than the general protective cap requirement (§ 5003.10.1) .

Common mistakes

  • Assuming the hand‑carry exceptions apply to elevator transport. They do not — elevators are subject to the stricter rule in § 5003.10.2.
  • Forgetting valve protection: moving gas cylinders without caps or plugs (especially for toxic gases) violates § 5003.10.1.
  • Using an improvised cart that cannot restrain cylinders or contain a spill. The code requires carts capable of securing containers and, for liquids, containing a spill (see related cart provisions). Always verify the cart meets the relevant cart design/spill requirements in the code.
  • Overlooking the 11th‑story rule: some staff assume a single set of rules applies to all floors; vertical movement on upper floors is explicitly more restrictive in § 5003.10.2.1.

Worked example

Scenario: A lab on the 12th floor needs to move three sealed containers, each holding 10 gallons (37.9 L) of a flammable solvent, from the storage room to a fume hood on that same floor. An elevator must be used to move them.

Apply the rules:

  • Each container is > 5.28 gallons (20 L), so movement in an elevator requires transport on a cart or truck (cart/truck requirement applies) — § 5003.10.2.
  • The work is on the 12th floor (above the 11th story), so all vertical handling/transportation must be in approved carts — § 5003.10.2.1. Even if a single container were small enough for a hand‑carry elsewhere, vertical movement here still requires an approved cart.
  • Ensure the cart meets the design and spill control expectations in the related cart provisions (stable base, restraints, spill containment) before loading. (See related cart provisions § 5003.10.3.)

Result: Use an approved hazardous‑materials cart designed to restrain the three containers and contain a spill, place protective caps/covers on any gas cylinders if present, restrict elevator occupancy to the handler(s) and cart as required by elevator‑transport rules (see related elevator sections).

Related provisions (important to read alongside §§ above)

  • § 5003.10.3 — Carts and trucks: design, speed control, construction, spill control, attendance, incompatible materials (cart design and operational detail).
  • § 5003.10.4 and following — Elevators utilized to transport hazardous materials: additional elevator limits and operational requirements (passenger limits, container size caps in elevators, controls for cryogenic gases, and requirements for larger quantities). These expand on elevator specifics beyond § 5003.10.2.
  • Chapter 53 (e.g., § 5305.10) — Handling and carts for compressed gases and specific moved‑by‑cart requirements (valve, transfer, and container handling rules).
  • § 5005.4.4 — Additional alarm/communications requirements if high‑hazard materials (NFPA 704 3 or 4) are transported through corridors or interior exits (emergency phones/alarms along the route).

If you need, I can: (a) extract the exact code text for the relevant subsections, (b) create a short checklist for facility staff to follow when planning a material move, or (c) draft a sample specification for an “approved cart” that satisfies the cart requirements referenced above.

Code references

Grounded in the retrieved California Fire Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

  • CFC § 5003.10.1 High relevance — show source text

    5003.10.1 Valve protection. Hazardous material gas containers, cylinders and tanks in transit shall have their protective caps in place. Containers, cylinders and tanks of highly toxic or toxic compressed gases shall have their valve outlets capped or plugged with an approved closure device in accordance with Chapter 53.

    5003.10.2 Carts and trucks required. Liquids in containers exceeding 5.28 gallons (20 L) in an elevator, a corridor or enclosure for a stairway or ramp shall be transported on a cart or truck. Containers of hazardous materials having a hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with NFPA 704 and transported within an elevator, corridors or interior exit stairways and ramps, shall be on a cart or truck. Where carts and trucks are required for transporting hazardous materials, they shall be in accordance with Section 5003.10.3. Exceptions 1 through 4 shall not apply where elevators are utilized.

    Exceptions:

    1. Two hazardous material liquid containers that are hand carried in acceptable safety carriers.
    2. Not more than four drums not exceeding 55 gallons (208 L) each that are transported by suitable drum trucks.
    3. Containers and cylinders of compressed gases that are transported by approved hand trucks, and containers and cylinders not exceeding 25 pounds (11 kg) that are hand carried.
    4. Solid hazardous materials not exceeding 100 pounds (45 kg) that are transported by approved hand trucks, and a single container not exceeding 50 pounds (23 kg) that is hand carried.

    5003.10.2.1 On the 11th story and above. On the 11th story and above of any occupancy, all vertical handling and transporta- tion of hazardous materials in the building shall be in approved carts.

    5003.10.2.2 Transportation of hazardous materials on the 11th story and above. The handling and transportation of hazard- ous materials on the 11th story and above shall be limited to 5 percent of the maximum allowable quantities of Tables 5003.1(1) and (2). Quantities are permitted to be increased by 100 percent in buildings with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. Materials where footnote g applies shall not be increased.

    5003.10.3 Carts and trucks. Carts and trucks required by Section 5003.10.2 to be used to transport hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Sections 5003.10.3.1 through 5003.10.3.6.

    5003.10.3.1 Design. Carts and trucks used to transport hazardous materials shall be designed to provide a stable base for the commodities to be transported and shall have a means of restraining containers to prevent accidental dislodgement. Compressed gas cylinders placed on carts and trucks shall be individually restrained.

    5003.10.3.2 Speed-control devices. Carts and trucks shall be provided with a device that will enable the operator to control safely movement by providing stops or speed-reduction devices.

    5003.10.3.3 Construction. Construction materials for hazardous material carts or trucks shall be compatible with the material transported. The cart or truck shall be of substantial construction.

    5003.10.3.4 Spill control. Carts and trucks transporting liquids shall be capable of containing a spill from the largest single container transported.

  • CFC § 5003.8.5 High relevance — show source text
    1. Storing liquid and solid materials in hazardous material storage cabinets.
    2. Storing compressed gases in gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures in accordance with Sections 5003.8.5 and 5003.8.6.

    Materials that are incompatible shall not be stored within the same cabinet or exhausted enclosure.

    5003.9.9 Shelf storage. Shelving shall be of substantial construction, and shall be braced and anchored in accordance with the seismic design requirements of the California Building Code for the seismic design category in which the material is located. Shelving shall be treated, coated or constructed of materials that are compatible with the hazardous materials stored. Shelves shall be provided with a lip or guard where used for the storage of individual containers.

    Shelf storage of hazardous materials shall be maintained in an orderly manner.

    Exceptions:

    1. Storage in hazardous material storage cabinets or laboratory furniture specifically designed for such use.
    2. Storage of hazardous materials in amounts not requiring a permit in accordance with Section 5001.5.

    5003.9.10 Safety cans. Safety cans shall be listed in accordance with UL 30 where used to increase the maximum allowable quantities per control area of flammable or combustible liquids in accordance with Table 5003.1.1(1). Safety cans listed in accordance with UL 1313 are allowed for flammable and combustible liquids where not used to increase the maximum allowable quantities per control area and for other hazardous material liquids in accordance with the listing.

    5003.10 Handling and transportation. In addition to the requirements of Section 5003.2, the handling and transportation of hazardous materials in corridors or enclosures for stairways and ramps shall be in accordance with Sections 5003.10.1 through 5003.10.3.6.

    5003.10.1 Valve protection. Hazardous material gas containers, cylinders and tanks in transit shall have their protective caps in place. Containers, cylinders and tanks of highly toxic or toxic compressed gases shall have their valve outlets capped or plugged with an approved closure device in accordance with Chapter 53.

    5003.10.2 Carts and trucks required. Liquids in containers exceeding 5.28 gallons (20 L) in an elevator, a corridor or enclosure for a stairway or ramp shall be transported on a cart or truck. Containers of hazardous materials having a hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with NFPA 704 and transported within an elevator, corridors or interior exit stairways and ramps, shall be on a cart or truck. Where carts and trucks are required for transporting hazardous materials, they shall be in accordance with Section 5003.10.3. Exceptions 1 through 4 shall not apply where elevators are utilized.

    Exceptions:

    1. Two hazardous material liquid containers that are hand carried in acceptable safety carriers.
    2. Not more than four drums not exceeding 55 gallons (208 L) each that are transported by suitable drum trucks.
    3. Containers and cylinders of compressed gases that are transported by approved hand trucks, and containers and cylinders not exceeding 25 pounds (11 kg) that are hand carried.
    4. Solid hazardous materials not exceeding 100 pounds (45 kg) that are transported by approved hand trucks, and a single container not exceeding 50 pounds (23 kg) that is hand carried.

    5003.10.2.1 On the 11th story and above. On the 11th story and above of any occupancy, all vertical handling and transporta- tion of hazardous materials in the building shall be in approved carts.

  • CFC § 5003.10.2.2 High relevance — show source text

    5003.10.2.2 Transportation of hazardous materials on the 11th story and above. The handling and transportation of hazard- ous materials on the 11th story and above shall be limited to 5 percent of the maximum allowable quantities of Tables 5003.1(1) and (2). Quantities are permitted to be increased by 100 percent in buildings with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. Materials where footnote g applies shall not be increased.

    5003.10.3 Carts and trucks. Carts and trucks required by Section 5003.10.2 to be used to transport hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Sections 5003.10.3.1 through 5003.10.3.6.

    5003.10.3.1 Design. Carts and trucks used to transport hazardous materials shall be designed to provide a stable base for the commodities to be transported and shall have a means of restraining containers to prevent accidental dislodgement. Compressed gas cylinders placed on carts and trucks shall be individually restrained.

    5003.10.3.2 Speed-control devices. Carts and trucks shall be provided with a device that will enable the operator to control safely movement by providing stops or speed-reduction devices.

    5003.10.3.3 Construction. Construction materials for hazardous material carts or trucks shall be compatible with the material transported. The cart or truck shall be of substantial construction.

    5003.10.3.4 Spill control. Carts and trucks transporting liquids shall be capable of containing a spill from the largest single container transported.

    5003.10.3.5 Attendance. Carts and trucks used to transport materials shall not obstruct or be left unattended within any part of a means of egress.

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    HAZARDOUS MATERIALS—GENERAL PROVISIONS

    5003.10.3.6 Incompatible materials. Incompatible materials shall not be transported on the same cart or truck.

    5003.10.4 Elevators utilized to transport hazardous materials.

    5003.10.4.1 When transporting hazardous materials, elevators shall have no other passengers other than the individual(s) handling the chemical transport cart.

    5003.10.4.1.1 When transporting cryogenic or liquefied compressed gases, there shall be no occupants in the elevator.

    5003.10.4.2 Hazardous materials liquid containers shall have a maximum capacity of 20 liters (5.28 gal).

    5003.10.4.3 Toxic and highly-toxic gases shall be limited to a container of a maximum water capacity of 1 pound.

    5003.10.4.4 When transporting cryogenic or liquefied compressed gases, means shall be provided to prevent the elevator from being summoned to other floors.

    5003.10.5 Elevators or conveyance systems utilized to transport hazardous materials in excess of the quantities listed in Section 5003.10.4 shall comply with Sections 5003.10.5.1 through 5003.10.5.6.

  • CFC § 5305.3 High relevance — show source text

    5305.3 Piping systems. Piping, including tubing, valves, fittings and pressure regulators, shall comply with this section and Chapter 50. Piping, tubing, pressure regulators, valves and other apparatus shall be kept gas tight to prevent leakage.

    5305.4 Valves. Valves utilized on compressed gas systems shall be suitable for the use intended. Access to such valves shall be provided and maintained. Valve handles or operators for required shutoff valves shall not be removed or otherwise altered to prevent access.

    5305.5 Venting. Venting of gases shall be directed to an approved location. Venting shall comply with the California Mechanical Code .

    5305.6 Upright use. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks, except those designed for use in a horizontal position, and all compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks containing nonliquefied gases, shall be used in an upright position with the valve end up. An upright position shall include conditions where the container, cylinder or tank axis is inclined as much as 45 degrees (0.80 rad) from the vertical. Use of nonflammable liquefied gases in the inverted position where the liquid phase is used shall not be

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    COMPRESSED GASES

    prohibited provided that the container, cylinder or tank is properly secured and the dispensing apparatus is designed for liquefied

    gas use.

    Exception: Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks with a water volume less than 1.3 gallons (5 L) are allowed to be used in a horizontal position.

    5305.7 Transfer. Transfer of gases between containers, cylinders and tanks shall be performed by qualified personnel using equipment and operating procedures in accordance with CGA P-1.

    Exception: The fueling of vehicles with CNG or CH 2, conducted in accordance with Chapter 23.

    5305.8 Use of compressed gas for inflation. Inflatable equipment, devices or balloons shall only be pressurized or filled with compressed air or inert gases.

    5305.9 Material-specific regulations. In addition to the requirements of this section, indoor and outdoor use of compressed gases shall comply with the material-specific provisions of Chapters 54, 58 and 60 through 67.

    5305.10 Handling. The handling of compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks shall comply with Sections 5305.10.1 and 5305.10.2.

    5305.10.1 Carts and trucks. Containers, cylinders and tanks shall be moved using an approved method. Where containers, cylinders or tanks are moved by hand cart, hand truck or other mobile device, such carts, trucks or devices shall be designed for the secure movement of containers, cylinders or tanks. Carts and trucks utilized for transport of compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks within buildings shall comply with Section 5003.10. Carts and trucks utilized for transport of compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks exterior to buildings shall be designed so that the containers, cylinders and tanks will be secured against dropping or otherwise striking against each other or other surfaces.

    5305.10.2 Lifting devices. Ropes, chains or slings shall not be used to suspend compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks unless provisions at time of manufacture have been made on the container, cylinder or tank for appropriate lifting attachments, such as lugs.

    SECTION 5306—MEDICAL GASES

  • CFC § 5003.1.2 High relevance — show source text

    Exempted materials and conditions listed in this table are required to comply with provisions of this code that are not based on exceeding maximum allowable quantities in
    Section 5003.|

    5003.1.2 Conversion. Where quantities are indicated in pounds and where the weight per gallon of the liquid is not provided to the fire code official, a conversion factor of 10 pounds per gallon (1.2 kg/L) shall be used.

    5003.1.3 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage, use and handling of hazardous materials in quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 5003.1.1(1) through 5003.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001 and 5003.

    5003.1.4 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of hazardous materials in quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 5003.1.1(1) through 5003.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with this chapter.

    5003.2 Systems, equipment and processes. Systems, equipment and processes utilized for storage, dispensing, use or handling of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Sections 5003.2.1 through 5003.2.9.

    5003.2.1 Design and construction of containers, cylinders and tanks. Containers, cylinders and tanks shall be designed and constructed in accordance with approved standards. Containers, cylinders, tanks and other means used for containment of hazardous materials shall be of an approved type. Pressure vessels not meeting DOTn requirements for transportation shall comply with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.

    5003.2.2 Piping, tubing, valves and fittings. Piping, tubing, valves, and fittings conveying hazardous materials shall be designed and installed in accordance with ASME B31.1 or other approved standards, and shall be in accordance with Sections 5003.2.2.1 and 5003.2.2.2.

    5003.2.2.1 Design and construction. Piping, tubing, valves, fittings and related components used for hazardous materials shall be in accordance with the following:

    1. Piping, tubing, valves, fittings and related components shall be designed and fabricated from materials that are compatible with the material to be contained and shall be of adequate strength and durability to withstand the pressure, structural and seismic stress and exposure to which they are subject.
    2. Piping and tubing shall be identified in accordance with ASME A13.1 to indicate the material conveyed.
    3. Manual valves or automatic remotely activated fail-safe emergency shutoff valves shall be installed on supply piping and tubing and provided with ready access at the following locations: 3.1. The point of use. 3.2. The tank, cylinder or bulk source.
    4. Manual emergency shutoff valves and controls for remotely activated emergency shutoff valves shall be clearly visible, provided with ready access and identified in an approved manner.
    5. Backflow prevention or check valves shall be provided where the backflow of hazardous materials could create a hazardous condition or cause the unauthorized discharge of hazardous materials.

    Exceptions:

    1. Piping for inlet connections designed to prevent backflow.
    2. Piping for pressure relief devices.
  • CFC § 5005.3.6 High relevance — show source text

    5005.3.6 Spill control for hazardous material liquids in closed systems. Outdoor areas where hazardous material liquids are used in closed systems exceeding 55 gallons (208 L) shall be provided with spill control in accordance with Section 5004.2.1.

    5005.3.7 Secondary containment for hazardous material liquids in closed systems. Where required by Table 5005.2.1.4, outdoor areas where hazardous material liquids are dispensed or used in closed systems shall be provided with secondary containment in accordance with Section 5004.2.2 where the capacity of an individual vessel or system or the capacity of multiple vessels or systems exceeds the following:

    1. Individual vessel or system: greater than 55 gallons (208 L).
    2. Multiple vessels or systems: greater than 1,000 gallons (3785 L).

    5005.3.8 Clearance from combustibles. The area surrounding an outdoor dispensing or use area shall be kept clear of combustible materials and vegetation for a minimum distance of 30 feet (9144 mm).

    5005.3.9 Weather protection. Where overhead noncombustible construction is provided for sheltering outdoor hazardous material use areas, such use shall not be considered indoor use where the area is constructed in accordance with the requirements for weather protection as required in the California Building Code .

    Exception: Use of explosive materials shall be considered as indoor use.

    5005.4 Handling. Handling of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Sections 5005.4.1 through 5005.4.4.

    5005.4.1 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. Handling of hazardous materials in indoor and outdoor locations in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 5003.1.1(1) through 5003.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003, 5005.1 and 5005.4.

    5005.4.2 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. Handling of hazardous materials in indoor locations in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 5003.1.1(1) and 5003.1.1(2) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5005.1. Handling of hazardous materials in outdoor locations in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 5003.1.1(3) and 5003.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001 and 5003.

    5005.4.3 Outdoor location. Outdoor handling areas for hazardous materials shall be located as required by Section 5003.12 except where material-specific requirements, including requirements in referenced standards, are provided in other chapters of this code.

    5005.4.4 Dispensing, use and handling. Where hazardous materials having a hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with NFPA 704 are transported through corridors, interior exit stairways or ramps or exit passageways, there shall be an emergency telephone system, a local manual alarm station or an approved alarm-initiating device at not more than 150-foot (45 720 mm) intervals and at each exit and exit access doorway throughout the transport route. The signal shall be relayed to an approved central, proprietary or remote station service or constantly attended on-site location and shall initiate a local audible alarm.

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  • CFC § 5505.1.2.5 High relevance — show source text

    5505.1.2.5 Corrosion protection. Above-ground piping that is subject to corrosion because of exposure to corrosive atmospheres, shall be constructed of materials to resist the corrosive environment or otherwise protected against corrosion. Belowground piping shall be protected against corrosion.

    5505.1.2.6 Testing. Piping systems shall be tested and proven free of leaks after installation as required by the standards to which they were designed and constructed. Test pressures shall be not less than 150 percent of the maximum allowable working pressure where hydraulic testing is conducted or 110 percent where testing is conducted pneumatically.

    5505.2 Indoor use. Indoor use of cryogenic fluids shall comply with the material-specific provisions of Section 5501.1.

    5505.3 Outdoor use. Outdoor use of cryogenic fluids shall comply with the material specific provisions of Sections 5501.1, 5505.3.1 and 5505.3.2.

    5505.3.1 Separation. Distances from lot lines, buildings and exposure hazards shall comply with Section 5504.3 and the materialspecific provisions of Section 5501.1.

    5505.3.2 Emergency shutoff valves. Manual or automatic emergency shutoff valves shall be provided to shut off the cryogenic fluid supply in case of emergency. An emergency shutoff valve shall be located at the source of supply and at the point where the system enters the building.

    5505.4 Filling and dispensing. Filling and dispensing of cryogenic fluids shall comply with Sections 5505.4.1 through 5505.4.3.

    5505.4.1 Dispensing areas. Dispensing of cryogenic fluids with physical or health hazards shall be conducted in approved locations. Dispensing indoors shall be conducted in areas constructed in accordance with the California Building Code .

    5505.4.1.1 Ventilation. Indoor areas where cryogenic fluids are dispensed shall be ventilated in accordance with the requirements of the California Mechanical Code in a manner that captures any vapor at the point of generation.

    Exception: Cryogenic fluids that can be demonstrated not to create harmful vapors.

    5505.4.1.2 Piping systems. Piping systems utilized for filling or dispensing of cryogenic fluids shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Section 5505.1.2.

    5505.4.2 Vehicle loading and unloading areas. Loading or unloading areas shall be conducted in an approved manner in accordance with the standards referenced in Section 5501.1.

    5505.4.3 Limit controls. Limit controls shall be provided to prevent overfilling of stationary containers during filling operations.

    5505.5 Handling. Handling of cryogenic containers shall comply with Sections 5505.5.1 and 5505.5.2.

    5505.5.1 Carts and trucks. Cryogenic containers shall be moved using an approved method. Where cryogenic containers are moved by hand cart, hand truck or other mobile device, such carts, trucks or devices shall be designed for the secure movement of the container.

    Carts and trucks used to transport cryogenic containers shall be designed to provide a stable base for the commodities to be transported and shall have a means of restraining containers to prevent accidental dislodgement.

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    CRYOGENIC FLUIDS

  • CFC § 5505.4.3 High relevance — show source text

    5505.4.3 Limit controls. Limit controls shall be provided to prevent overfilling of stationary containers during filling operations.

    5505.5 Handling. Handling of cryogenic containers shall comply with Sections 5505.5.1 and 5505.5.2.

    5505.5.1 Carts and trucks. Cryogenic containers shall be moved using an approved method. Where cryogenic containers are moved by hand cart, hand truck or other mobile device, such carts, trucks or devices shall be designed for the secure movement of the container.

    Carts and trucks used to transport cryogenic containers shall be designed to provide a stable base for the commodities to be transported and shall have a means of restraining containers to prevent accidental dislodgement.

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    CRYOGENIC FLUIDS

    5505.5.2 Closed containers. Pressurized containers shall be transported in a closed condition. Containers designed for use at atmospheric conditions shall be transported with appropriate loose-fitting covers in place to prevent spillage.

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    CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE

    CHAPTER 56 – EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS

    (Matrix Adoption Tables are nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user. See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

    Adopting Agency BSC BSC-
    CG    		 SFM Col5 HCD Col7 Col8 DSA Col10 OSHPD Col12 Col13 Col14 Col15 Col16 BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC
    Adopting Agency BSC BSC-
    CG    		 T-24 T-19* 1 2 1/AC AC SS 1 1R 2 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
    Adopt Entire Chapter
    Adopt Entire Chapter as
    amended (amended sections
    listed below)    		 X
    Adopt only those sections that
    are listed below
    [California Code of Regulations,
    Title 19, Division 1]    		 X
    Chapter / Section
    5601.1 X
    5601.1.3 X
    5601.1.4 X
    5601.2.2 X
    5601.2.3 X
    5601.2.4 X
    _5601.
  • CFC § 5004.7.2 Medium relevance — show source text

    5004.7.2 Fail-safe engineered systems. Standby power for mechanical ventilation, treatment systems and temperature control systems shall not be required where an approved fail-safe engineered system is installed.

    5004.8 Limit controls. Limit controls shall be provided in accordance with Sections 5004.8.1 and 5004.8.2.

    5004.8.1 Temperature control. Materials that must be kept at temperatures other than normal ambient temperatures to prevent a hazardous reaction shall be provided with an approved means to maintain the temperature within a safe range. Redundant temperature control equipment that will operate on failure of the primary temperature control system shall be provided. Where approved, alternative means that prevent a hazardous reaction are allowed.

    5004.8.2 Pressure control. Stationary tanks and equipment containing hazardous material liquids that can generate pressures exceeding design limits because of exposure fires or internal reaction shall have some form of construction or other approved means that will relieve excessive internal pressure. The means of pressure relief shall vent to an approved location or to an exhaust scrubber or treatment system where required by Chapter 60.

    50-24 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

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    HAZARDOUS MATERIALS—GENERAL PROVISIONS

    5004.9 Emergency alarm. An approved manual emergency alarm system shall be provided in buildings, rooms or areas used for storage of hazardous materials. Emergency alarm-initiating devices shall be installed outside of each interior exit or exit access door of storage buildings, rooms or areas. Activation of an emergency alarm-initiating device shall sound a local alarm to alert occupants of an emergency situation involving hazardous materials.

    5004.10 Supervision and monitoring. Emergency alarm, detection and automatic fire-extinguishing systems required by Section 5004 shall be electrically supervised and monitored by an approved supervising station or, where approved, shall initiate an audible and visual signal at a constantly attended on-site location.

    5004.11 Clearance from combustibles. The area surrounding an outdoor storage area or tank shall be kept clear of combustible materials and vegetation for a minimum distance of 25 feet (7620 mm).

    5004.12 Noncombustible floor. Except for surfacing, floors of storage areas shall be of noncombustible construction.

    5004.13 Weather protection. Where overhead noncombustible construction is provided for sheltering outdoor hazardous material storage areas, such storage shall not be considered indoor storage where the area is constructed in accordance with the requirements for weather protection as required by the California Building Code .

    Exception: Storage of explosive materials shall be considered as indoor storage.

    5004.14 Outdoor storage location. Outdoor storage areas for hazardous materials shall be located as required by Section 5003.12 except where material-specific requirements, including requirements in referenced standards, are provided in other chapters of this code.

    SECTION 5005—USE, DISPENSING AND HANDLING

    5005.1 General. Use, dispensing and handling of hazardous materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area set forth in Section 5003.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5005. Use, dispensing and handling of hazardous materials in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area set forth in Section 5003.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 5001 and 5003.

    5005.1.1 Separation of incompatible materials. Separation of incompatible materials shall be in accordance with Section 5003.9.8.

  • CFC § 6402.1 Medium relevance — show source text

    SECTION 6402—DEFINITION

    6402.1 Definition. The following term is defined in Chapter 2:

    PYROPHORIC.

    SECTION 6403—GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

    6403.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of pyrophoric materials in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Section 5003.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003, 6401 and 6403.

    6403.1.1 Emergency shutoff. Compressed gas systems conveying pyrophoric gases shall be provided with approved manual or automatic emergency shutoff valves that can be activated at each point of use and at each source.

    6403.1.1.1 Shutoff at source. An automatic emergency shutoff valve shall be installed on supply piping at the cylinder or bulk source. The shutoff valve shall be operated by a remotely located manually activated shutdown control located not less than 15 feet (4572 mm) from the source of supply. Manual or automatic cylinder valves are allowed to be used as the required emergency shutoff valve where the source of supply is limited to unmanifolded cylinder sources.

    6403.1.1.2 Shutoff at point of use. A manual or automatic emergency shutoff valve shall be installed on the supply piping at the point of use or at a point where the equipment using the gas is connected to the supply system.

    6403.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of pyrophoric materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Section 5003.1 shall be in accordance with Chapter 50 and this chapter.

    SECTION 6404—STORAGE

    6404.1 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of pyrophoric materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(1) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5004 and this chapter.

    The storage of silane gas, and gas mixtures with a silane concentration of 1.37 percent or more by volume, shall be in accordance with ANSI/CGA G-13.

    6404.1.1 Liquid-tight floor. In addition to the requirements of Section 5004.12, floors of storage areas containing pyrophoric liquids shall be of liquid-tight construction.

    6404.1.2 Pyrophoric solids and liquids. Storage of pyrophoric solids and liquids shall be limited to a maximum area of 100 square feet (9.3 m [2] ) per pile. Storage shall not exceed 5 feet (1524 mm) in height. Individual containers shall not be stacked.

    Aisles between storage piles shall be not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) in width.

    Individual tanks or containers shall not exceed 500 gallons (1893 L) in capacity.

    6404.1.3 Pyrophoric gases. Storage of pyrophoric gases shall be in detached buildings where required by Section 5003.8.2.

    6404.1.4 Separation from incompatible materials. In addition to the requirements of Section 5003.9.8, indoor storage of pyrophoric materials shall be isolated from incompatible hazardous materials by 1-hour fire barriers with openings protected in accordance with the California Building Code.

    Exception: Storage in approved hazardous materials storage cabinets constructed in accordance with Section 5003.8.7.

  • CFC § 1.3 Medium relevance — show source text

    foodstuffs or consumer products, and cosmetics containing
    not more than 50 percent by volume of water-miscible liquids, with the remainder of
    the solutions not being flammable, is not limited.
    To qualify for this allowance, such materials shall be packaged in individual containers
    not exceeding 1.3 gallons.| |Any|Agricultural materials|The quantity of agricultural materials stored or utilized for agricultural purposes on the
    premises is not limited.| |Any|Energy storage|The quantity of hazardous materials in stationary storage battery systems is not
    limited.| |Any|Energy storage|The quantity of hazardous materials in stationary fuel cell power systems is not limited.| |Any|Energy storage|The quantity of hazardous materials in capacitor energy storage systems is not limited.| |Any|Refrigeration systems|The quantity of refrigerants in refrigeration systems is not limited.| |For SI: 1 gallon = 3.785 L, °C = (°F – 32)/1.8.
    a. Exempted materials and conditions listed in this table are required to comply with provisions of this code that are not based on exceeding maximum allowable quantities in
    Section 5003.|For SI: 1 gallon = 3.785 L, °C = (°F – 32)/1.8.
    a. Exempted materials and conditions listed in this table are required to comply with provisions of this code that are not based on exceeding maximum allowable quantities in
    Section 5003.|For SI: 1 gallon = 3.785 L, °C = (°F – 32)/1.8.
    a. Exempted materials and conditions listed in this table are required to comply with provisions of this code that are not based on exceeding maximum allowable quantities in
    Section 5003.|

    5003.1.2 Conversion. Where quantities are indicated in pounds and where the weight per gallon of the liquid is not provided to the fire code official, a conversion factor of 10 pounds per gallon (1.2 kg/L) shall be used.

    5003.1.3 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage, use and handling of hazardous materials in quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 5003.1.1(1) through 5003.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001 and 5003.

    5003.1.4 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of hazardous materials in quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 5003.1.1(1) through 5003.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with this chapter.

    5003.2 Systems, equipment and processes. Systems, equipment and processes utilized for storage, dispensing, use or handling of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Sections 5003.2.1 through 5003.2.9.

    5003.2.1 Design and construction of containers, cylinders and tanks. Containers, cylinders and tanks shall be designed and constructed in accordance with approved standards. Containers, cylinders, tanks and other means used for containment of hazardous materials shall be of an approved type. Pressure vessels not meeting DOTn requirements for transportation shall comply with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.

  • CFC § 6404.1 Medium relevance — show source text

    SECTION 6404—STORAGE

    6404.1 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of pyrophoric materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(1) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5004 and this chapter.

    The storage of silane gas, and gas mixtures with a silane concentration of 1.37 percent or more by volume, shall be in accordance with ANSI/CGA G-13.

    6404.1.1 Liquid-tight floor. In addition to the requirements of Section 5004.12, floors of storage areas containing pyrophoric liquids shall be of liquid-tight construction.

    6404.1.2 Pyrophoric solids and liquids. Storage of pyrophoric solids and liquids shall be limited to a maximum area of 100 square feet (9.3 m [2] ) per pile. Storage shall not exceed 5 feet (1524 mm) in height. Individual containers shall not be stacked.

    Aisles between storage piles shall be not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) in width.

    Individual tanks or containers shall not exceed 500 gallons (1893 L) in capacity.

    6404.1.3 Pyrophoric gases. Storage of pyrophoric gases shall be in detached buildings where required by Section 5003.8.2.

    6404.1.4 Separation from incompatible materials. In addition to the requirements of Section 5003.9.8, indoor storage of pyrophoric materials shall be isolated from incompatible hazardous materials by 1-hour fire barriers with openings protected in accordance with the California Building Code.

    Exception: Storage in approved hazardous materials storage cabinets constructed in accordance with Section 5003.8.7.

    6404.2 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage of pyrophoric materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(3) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5004, and this chapter.

    The storage of silane gas, and gas mixtures with a silane concentration of 1.37 percent or more by volume, shall be in accordance with ANSI/CGA G-13.

    2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 64-3

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    PYROPHORIC MATERIALS

    6404.2.1 Distance from storage to exposures. The separation of pyrophoric solids, liquids and gases from buildings, lot lines, public streets, public alleys, public ways or means of egress shall be in accordance with the following:

    1. Solids and liquids. Two times the separation required by Chapter 57 for Class IB flammable liquids.
    2. Gases. The location and maximum amount of pyrophoric gas per storage area shall be in accordance with Table 6404.2.1.

    |TABLE 6404.2.

Frequently asked questions

Who may ride in the elevator when hazardous materials are being transported?

Only the individual(s) handling the chemical transport cart may be in the elevator when hazardous materials are being transported; some elevator‑specific rules further restrict occupants for cryogenic or liquefied compressed gases.

Do the hand‑carry exceptions apply in elevators?

No — Exceptions 1 through 4 to hand‑carrying do not apply when elevators are used; elevator transport must follow the stricter cart/truck rules.

What is the liquid size cutoff that triggers a cart requirement?

A liquid container larger than 5.28 gallons (20 L) being moved in an elevator, corridor or interior exit must be transported on a cart or truck.

Are valve caps required on all gas cylinders during transit?

Yes — protective caps must be in place during transit; highly toxic or toxic compressed gases require valve outlets to be capped or plugged with an approved closure device per Chapter 53.

On which floors is vertical transport by cart mandatory?

On the 11th story and above, all vertical handling and transportation of hazardous materials must be in approved carts.

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