CFC · California Fire Code

What are the code requirements for use, dispensing and handling of hazardous materials?

For a homeowner: the Fire Code requires that when hazardous materials are used or dispensed in quantities above set thresholds the facility must install engineered safeguards — proper containers and piping with shutoffs, ventilation, spill control and containment, fire protection and trained staff — following the limits and controls in Sections 5005, 5003.2 and 5003.9.

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Last reviewed: July 6, 2026

What the code requires — 2-4 sentences

The California Fire Code requires that the use, dispensing and handling of hazardous materials be controlled so quantities, equipment, safeguards and locations meet the maximum allowable limits and engineering controls specified in Chapter 50. Key controlling sections are § 5005 (use/dispensing/handling), § 5003.2 (systems, equipment and processes) and § 5003.9 (general safety precautions). These sections set when spill control, secondary containment, ventilation, limit controls, fire protection, security and training are required.

The single most important rule: keep hazardous-material quantities, equipment and operations within the code’s control-area limits and apply the required engineering safeguards (ventilation, spill control, containment, alarms and training) in the locations where those limits are exceeded.

Requirements in detail

Bolded defined terms on first mention: control area, closed system, open system, spill control, secondary containment, limit controls, noncombustible floor.

Scope & where the rules apply

  • The rules in § 5005 apply to use, dispensing and handling of hazardous materials when amounts exceed the maximum allowable quantity per control area; smaller quantities remain subject to Sections 5001 and 5003. § 5005.1 states this scope.
  • The design and installation of the equipment used (containers, piping, valves, etc.) must comply with § 5003.2 (approved standards, material compatibility, shutoff valves, identification, backflow prevention).
  • General safety (training, security, liaison to fire department, written procedures) is required under § 5003.9.

Systems, equipment and construction (what the code requires for hardware)

  • Containers, cylinders and tanks must be of an approved design or standard and, for non‑DOT pressure vessels, comply with the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code (see § 5003.2.1).
  • Piping, tubing, valves and fittings must be compatible with the material, identified per ASME A13.1, and have manual or remotely activated fail‑safe emergency shutoff valves at the point of use and at the tank/cylinder/bulk source; shutoffs must be visible and accessible (see § 5003.2.2, § 5003.2.2.1).
  • Where ventilation, temperature or pressure controls are required by this chapter for safe operation, those controls must be provided and, where required, be on standby/emergency power per § 5005.1.5 and related sections.

Ventilation, fire protection and alarms

  • Indoor dispensing/use areas must have exhaust ventilation per § 5005.1.9 (and Section 5004.3 where referenced). Fire protection (automatic sprinklers or extinguishing systems) is required per § 5005.1.8 and must be not less than Ordinary Hazard, Group 2 design (min. 3,000 sq ft design area).
  • Required alarm/monitoring: manual emergency alarm systems and supervised detection/alarms as required elsewhere in Section 5004 and 5005 (see § 5004.9, § 5005.1.6) — alarm supervision/monitoring must be to an approved station or constantly‑attended on‑site location.

Spill control and secondary containment

  • When thresholds are met the code requires spill control and secondary containment per Section 5004.2 as triggered by the limits in § 5005 (specific thresholds differ for open vs closed systems and indoor vs outdoor).
  • Outdoor spill/containment thresholds include: open systems — vessels > 1.3 gallons (5 L) (spill control) and individual vessels > 1.3 gal or multiple > 5.3 gal (secondary containment) per § 5005.3.4–5005.3.5; closed systems — spill control when closed systems exceed 55 gallons (208 L) and secondary containment thresholds at >55 gal (individual) or >1,000 gal (multiple) per § 5005.3.6–5005.3.7.
  • Indoor: buildings/rooms with individual vessels > 55 gallons (208 L) used in closed systems require spill control and may require secondary containment per § 5005.2.2.3–5005.2.2.4.

Limit controls (overfill/low level/temperature/pressure)

  • High‑liquid‑level control (prevent overfilling), low‑liquid‑level control (safeguard against hazardous low level), temperature control and pressure control are required as summarized in § 5005.1.4 and implemented by reference to Section 5004.8 (temperature/pressure relief).

Outdoor location rules

  • Outdoor dispensing/use areas must meet siting/location rules in § 5003.12 and the outdoor‑specific requirements in § 5005.3 (including clearance from combustibles). For example, keep surrounding area clear of combustibles/vegetation for minimum 30 feet for outdoor dispensing/use per § 5005.3.8.
  • Weather-protected outdoor areas: when overhead noncombustible construction is provided and meets Building Code weather‑protection requirements the area can still be treated as outdoor (see § 5005.3.9).

Personnel, security and procedures

  • Training, written procedures and designated fire‑department liaison personnel are required under § 5003.9.1; sites must be secured against unauthorized entry under § 5003.9.2. Safety Data Sheets and emergency procedures must be available to liaison personnel.

Table — Decision‑relevant thresholds and values

Decision factor Key value / trigger What the code requires Code Reference
Outdoor open-system spill control Vessel > 1.3 gal (5 L) or open system > 5.3 gal (20 L) Provide spill control (Section 5004.2.1) § 5005.3.4–5005.3.5
Outdoor closed-system spill control Closed system > 55 gal (208 L) Provide spill control (Section 5004.2.1) § 5005.3.6
Secondary containment — outdoor closed systems Individual > 55 gal or multiple > 1,000 gal (3785 L) Provide secondary containment (Section 5004.2.2) § 5005.3.7
Secondary containment — outdoor open systems Individual > 1.3 gal or multiple > 5.3 gal Provide secondary containment (Section 5004.2.2) § 5005.3.5
Indoor closed-system spill control Individual vessel > 55 gal (208 L) Provide spill control (Section 5004.2.1) § 5005.2.2.3
Clearance from combustibles (outdoor dispensing/use) 30 ft (9144 mm) Keep area clear of combustibles/vegetation § 5005.3.8
Noncombustible floor (open dispensing/use) Floor construction Floors must be noncombustible, liquid‑tight (except surfacing) § 5005.1.2
Ventilation (indoor dispensing/use) Required unless dispensing flammable solids (non‑finely divided) Provide exhaust ventilation per Section 5004.3 § 5005.1.9
Fire protection (indoor dispensing/use) Sprinkler design area min. 3,000 sq ft (Ordinary Hazard Group 2) Provide automatic sprinkler/extinguishing system § 5005.1.8
Shutoff valves / piping identification Point of use and tank source; ASME A13.1 marking Install manual or fail‑safe remote shutoffs and ID piping § 5003.2.2 / 5003.2.2.1
Limit controls (over/under/temp/pressure) As required by operation Provide high/low level, temperature and pressure controls per §5005.1.4 § 5005.1.4
Emergency communications when transporting high‑hazard materials NFPA 704 hazard rank 3 or 4 through egress routes Emergency phone/alarm at ≤ 150 ft intervals and at exits, signal to approved station § 5005.4.4

(Values above are taken directly from the cited CFC sections. If you need material‑specific exceptions, consult the chapter for that material.)

Exceptions & special cases

  • Several small consumer or retail exceptions exist in § 5001 (e.g., certain consumer products in containers ≤ 1.3 gal (5 L), agricultural materials, refrigeration systems and stationary battery systems are carved out or treated elsewhere). Always check § 5001 for exemptions that may remove the need for other Section 5005 requirements.
  • Weather‑protected outdoor areas that meet the Building Code weather‑protection criteria can still be treated as outdoor use per § 5005.3.9 (but explosive materials are an exception and may be considered indoor).
  • Where a required electrically operated system (ventilation, alarms, treatment) is protected by an approved fail‑safe engineered system, standby power may not be required (§ 5005.1.5.1, § 5004.7.2).

Common mistakes

  • Treating a sheltered outdoor area automatically as “indoor” — the code allows sheltered areas to remain classified as outdoor only when they meet the specific weather‑protection criteria (see § 5005.3.9).
  • Missing the difference between open and closed system thresholds — the spill/control/containment triggers are different (e.g., 1.3 gal for open vs 55 gal for closed systems outdoors). Always check the correct clause in § 5005.
  • Ignoring piping and valve requirements — piping must be identified and have shutoffs at both the point of use and the source per § 5003.2.2.1.
  • Assuming small quantities need no procedures or training — even if quantities are below maximums, Sections 5001 and 5003 (including § 5003.9 training/security) still apply.

Worked example — concrete scenario

Situation: A plant dispenses a hazardous solvent outdoors in open containers at multiple workstations. Each container is 2.5 gallons. Total concurrent open containers on site = 8 (total 20 gallons). The solvent has NFPA hazard ranking 2 (flammability/health).

Step 1 — Identify open vs closed: dispensing into open containers → open system (see § 5005.3.4).
Step 2 — Compare thresholds: outdoor open‑system spill control is required where vessels exceed 1.3 gal (5 L); secondary containment is required where individual vessels > 1.3 gal or multiple vessels exceed 5.3 gal (20 L) per § 5005.3.4–5005.3.5. The site has 2.5‑gal vessels (each >1.3 gal) and total 20 gal (≥5.3 gal).
Step 3 — Code requirements triggered:

  • Provide outdoor spill control in accordance with Section 5004.2.1 (because each vessel >1.3 gal). § 5005.3.4.
  • Provide secondary containment per Section 5004.2.2 because multiple vessels total >5.3 gal (see § 5005.3.5).
  • Maintain clearance from combustibles around the dispensing area (30 ft) under § 5005.3.8.
  • Provide security and trained liaison personnel per § 5003.9 even though hazard rank is 2.

If instead each container were 1.0 gallon, spill control and secondary containment would not be required by the thresholds above but the hazard communication, training and safe piping/valving provisions (Sections 5001 and 5003) remain applicable.

Related provisions

  • § 5001 — General chapter scope, exemptions and HMMP/HMIS (Hazardous Materials Management Plan / Inventory Statement).
  • § 5003.2 — Systems, equipment and processes (containers, piping, valves, identification).
  • § 5003.9 — General safety precautions (training, liaison, security).
  • § 5004.2 — Spill control and secondary containment (referenced by § 5005).
  • § 5004.3 — Ventilation requirements referenced by § 5005.1.9.
  • § 5004.8 — Temperature and pressure control (referenced by limit controls in § 5005.1.4).
  • § 5003.12 — Outdoor control‑area siting referenced by § 5005.3.

Code references

Grounded in the retrieved California Fire Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

  • CFC § 5005.3.6 High relevance — show source text

    5005.3.6 Spill control for hazardous material liquids in closed systems. Outdoor areas where hazardous material liquids are used in closed systems exceeding 55 gallons (208 L) shall be provided with spill control in accordance with Section 5004.2.1.

    5005.3.7 Secondary containment for hazardous material liquids in closed systems. Where required by Table 5005.2.1.4, outdoor areas where hazardous material liquids are dispensed or used in closed systems shall be provided with secondary containment in accordance with Section 5004.2.2 where the capacity of an individual vessel or system or the capacity of multiple vessels or systems exceeds the following:

    1. Individual vessel or system: greater than 55 gallons (208 L).
    2. Multiple vessels or systems: greater than 1,000 gallons (3785 L).

    5005.3.8 Clearance from combustibles. The area surrounding an outdoor dispensing or use area shall be kept clear of combustible materials and vegetation for a minimum distance of 30 feet (9144 mm).

    5005.3.9 Weather protection. Where overhead noncombustible construction is provided for sheltering outdoor hazardous material use areas, such use shall not be considered indoor use where the area is constructed in accordance with the requirements for weather protection as required in the California Building Code .

    Exception: Use of explosive materials shall be considered as indoor use.

    5005.4 Handling. Handling of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Sections 5005.4.1 through 5005.4.4.

    5005.4.1 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. Handling of hazardous materials in indoor and outdoor locations in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 5003.1.1(1) through 5003.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003, 5005.1 and 5005.4.

    5005.4.2 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. Handling of hazardous materials in indoor locations in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 5003.1.1(1) and 5003.1.1(2) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5005.1. Handling of hazardous materials in outdoor locations in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 5003.1.1(3) and 5003.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001 and 5003.

    5005.4.3 Outdoor location. Outdoor handling areas for hazardous materials shall be located as required by Section 5003.12 except where material-specific requirements, including requirements in referenced standards, are provided in other chapters of this code.

    5005.4.4 Dispensing, use and handling. Where hazardous materials having a hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with NFPA 704 are transported through corridors, interior exit stairways or ramps or exit passageways, there shall be an emergency telephone system, a local manual alarm station or an approved alarm-initiating device at not more than 150-foot (45 720 mm) intervals and at each exit and exit access doorway throughout the transport route. The signal shall be relayed to an approved central, proprietary or remote station service or constantly attended on-site location and shall initiate a local audible alarm.

    50-28 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

  • CFC § 5003.1.2 High relevance — show source text

    Exempted materials and conditions listed in this table are required to comply with provisions of this code that are not based on exceeding maximum allowable quantities in
    Section 5003.|

    5003.1.2 Conversion. Where quantities are indicated in pounds and where the weight per gallon of the liquid is not provided to the fire code official, a conversion factor of 10 pounds per gallon (1.2 kg/L) shall be used.

    5003.1.3 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage, use and handling of hazardous materials in quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 5003.1.1(1) through 5003.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001 and 5003.

    5003.1.4 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of hazardous materials in quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 5003.1.1(1) through 5003.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with this chapter.

    5003.2 Systems, equipment and processes. Systems, equipment and processes utilized for storage, dispensing, use or handling of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Sections 5003.2.1 through 5003.2.9.

    5003.2.1 Design and construction of containers, cylinders and tanks. Containers, cylinders and tanks shall be designed and constructed in accordance with approved standards. Containers, cylinders, tanks and other means used for containment of hazardous materials shall be of an approved type. Pressure vessels not meeting DOTn requirements for transportation shall comply with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.

    5003.2.2 Piping, tubing, valves and fittings. Piping, tubing, valves, and fittings conveying hazardous materials shall be designed and installed in accordance with ASME B31.1 or other approved standards, and shall be in accordance with Sections 5003.2.2.1 and 5003.2.2.2.

    5003.2.2.1 Design and construction. Piping, tubing, valves, fittings and related components used for hazardous materials shall be in accordance with the following:

    1. Piping, tubing, valves, fittings and related components shall be designed and fabricated from materials that are compatible with the material to be contained and shall be of adequate strength and durability to withstand the pressure, structural and seismic stress and exposure to which they are subject.
    2. Piping and tubing shall be identified in accordance with ASME A13.1 to indicate the material conveyed.
    3. Manual valves or automatic remotely activated fail-safe emergency shutoff valves shall be installed on supply piping and tubing and provided with ready access at the following locations: 3.1. The point of use. 3.2. The tank, cylinder or bulk source.
    4. Manual emergency shutoff valves and controls for remotely activated emergency shutoff valves shall be clearly visible, provided with ready access and identified in an approved manner.
    5. Backflow prevention or check valves shall be provided where the backflow of hazardous materials could create a hazardous condition or cause the unauthorized discharge of hazardous materials.

    Exceptions:

    1. Piping for inlet connections designed to prevent backflow.
    2. Piping for pressure relief devices.
  • CFC § 5004.11 High relevance — show source text

    5004.11 Clearance from combustibles. The area surrounding an outdoor storage area or tank shall be kept clear of combustible materials and vegetation for a minimum distance of 25 feet (7620 mm).

    5004.12 Noncombustible floor. Except for surfacing, floors of storage areas shall be of noncombustible construction.

    5004.13 Weather protection. Where overhead noncombustible construction is provided for sheltering outdoor hazardous material storage areas, such storage shall not be considered indoor storage where the area is constructed in accordance with the requirements for weather protection as required by the California Building Code .

    Exception: Storage of explosive materials shall be considered as indoor storage.

    5004.14 Outdoor storage location. Outdoor storage areas for hazardous materials shall be located as required by Section 5003.12 except where material-specific requirements, including requirements in referenced standards, are provided in other chapters of this code.

    SECTION 5005—USE, DISPENSING AND HANDLING

    5005.1 General. Use, dispensing and handling of hazardous materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area set forth in Section 5003.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5005. Use, dispensing and handling of hazardous materials in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area set forth in Section 5003.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 5001 and 5003.

    5005.1.1 Separation of incompatible materials. Separation of incompatible materials shall be in accordance with Section 5003.9.8.

    5005.1.2 Noncombustible floor. Except for surfacing, floors of areas where liquid or solid hazardous materials are dispensed or used in open systems shall be of noncombustible, liquid-tight construction.

    5005.1.3 Spill control and secondary containment for hazardous material liquids. Where required by other provisions of Section 5005, spill control and secondary containment shall be provided for hazardous material liquids in accordance with Section 5004.2.

    5005.1.4 Limit controls. Limit controls shall be provided in accordance with Sections 5005.1.4.1 through 5005.1.4.4.

    5005.1.4.1 High-liquid-level control. Open tanks in which liquid hazardous materials are used shall be equipped with a liquid-level limit control or other means to prevent overfilling of the tank.

    5005.1.4.2 Low-liquid-level control. Approved safeguards shall be provided to prevent a low-liquid level in a tank from creating a hazardous condition, including but not limited to, overheating of a tank or its contents.

    5005.1.4.3 Temperature control. Temperature control shall be provided in accordance with Section 5004.8.1.

    5005.1.4.4 Pressure control. Pressure control shall be provided in accordance with Section 5004.8.2.

    5005.1.5 Standby or emergency power. Where mechanical ventilation, treatment systems, temperature control, manual alarm, detection or other electrically operated systems are required by this code, such systems shall be provided with emergency or standby power in accordance with Section 1203.

    5005.1.5.1 Exempt applications. Standby power for mechanical ventilation, treatment systems and temperature control systems shall not be required where an approved fail-safe engineered system is installed.

  • CFC § 414.5.2 High relevance — show source text

    [F] 414.5.2 Emergency or standby power. Where required by the California Fire Code or this code, mechanical ventilation, treatment systems, temperature control, alarm, detection or other electrically operated systems shall be provided with emergency or standby power in accordance with Section 2702. For storage and use areas for highly toxic or toxic materials, see Sections 6004.2.2.8 and 6004.3.4.2 of the California Fire Code .

    [F] 414.5.2.1 Exempt applications. Emergency or standby power is not required for the mechanical ventilation systems provided for any of the following:

    1. Storage of Class IB and IC flammable and combustible liquids in closed containers not exceeding 6.5 gallons (25 L) capacity.
    2. Storage of Class 1 and 2 oxidizers.
    3. Storage of Class II, III, IV and V organic peroxides.
    4. Storage of asphyxiant, irritant and radioactive gases.

    [F] 414.5.2.2 Fail-safe engineered systems. Standby power for mechanical ventilation, treatment systems and temperature control systems shall not be required where an approved fail-safe engineered system is installed.

    [F] 414.5.3 Spill control, drainage and containment. Rooms, buildings or areas occupied for the storage of solid and liquid hazardous materials shall be provided with a means to control spillage and to contain or drain off spillage and fire protection water discharged in the storage area where required in the California Fire Code . The methods of spill control shall be in accordance with the California Fire Code .

    414.5.4 Hazardous material handling. The handling of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with California Fire Code Section 5003.

    [F] 414.6 Outdoor storage, dispensing and use. The outdoor storage, dispensing and use of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with the California Fire Code .

    [F] 414.6.1 Weather protection. Where weather protection is provided for sheltering outdoor hazardous material storage or use areas, such areas shall be considered outdoor storage or use where the weather protection structure complies with Sections 414.6.1.1 through 414.6.1.3.

    2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE 4-41

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON OCCUPANCY AND USE

    [F] 414.6.1.1 Walls. Walls shall not obstruct more than one side of the structure.

    Exception: Walls shall be permitted to obstruct portions of multiple sides of the structure, provided that the obstructed area is not greater than 25 percent of the structure’s perimeter.

    [F] 414.6.1.2 Separation distance. The distance from the structure to buildings, lot lines, public ways or means of egress to a public way shall be not less than the distance required for an outside hazardous material storage or use area without weather protection.

    [F] 414.6.1.3 Noncombustible construction. The overhead structure shall be of approved noncombustible construction with a maximum area of 1,500 square feet (140 m [2] ).

    Exception: The maximum area is permitted to be increased as provided by Section 506.

    SECTION 415—GROUPS H-1, H-2, H-3, H-4 AND H-5

  • CFC § 5005.3.1 High relevance — show source text

    5005.3.1 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. Outdoor dispensing or use of hazardous materials, in either closed or open containers or systems, in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 5003.1.1(3) and 5003.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003, 5005.1 and 5005.3.

    5005.3.2 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. Outdoor dispensing or use of hazardous materials, in either closed or open containers or systems, in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 5003.1.1(3) and 5003.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001 and 5003.

    2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 50-27

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    HAZARDOUS MATERIALS—GENERAL PROVISIONS

    5005.3.3 Outdoor location. Outdoor dispensing and use areas for hazardous materials shall be located as required by Section 5003.12 except where material-specific requirements, including requirements in referenced standards, are provided in other chapters of this code.

    5005.3.4 Spill control for hazardous material liquids in open systems. Outdoor areas where hazardous material liquids are dispensed in vessels exceeding a 1.3-gallon (5 L) capacity or used in open systems exceeding a 5.3-gallon (20 L) capacity shall be provided with spill control in accordance with Section 5004.2.1.

    5005.3.5 Secondary containment for hazardous material liquids in open systems. Where required by Table 5005.2.1.4, outdoor areas where hazardous material liquids are dispensed or used in open systems shall be provided with secondary containment in accordance with Section 5004.2.2 where the capacity of an individual vessel or system or the capacity of multiple vessels or systems exceeds the following:

    1. Individual vessel or system: greater than 1.3 gallons (5 L).
    2. Multiple vessels or systems: greater than 5.3 gallons (20 L).

    5005.3.6 Spill control for hazardous material liquids in closed systems. Outdoor areas where hazardous material liquids are used in closed systems exceeding 55 gallons (208 L) shall be provided with spill control in accordance with Section 5004.2.1.

    5005.3.7 Secondary containment for hazardous material liquids in closed systems. Where required by Table 5005.2.1.4, outdoor areas where hazardous material liquids are dispensed or used in closed systems shall be provided with secondary containment in accordance with Section 5004.2.2 where the capacity of an individual vessel or system or the capacity of multiple vessels or systems exceeds the following:

    1. Individual vessel or system: greater than 55 gallons (208 L).
    2. Multiple vessels or systems: greater than 1,000 gallons (3785 L).

    5005.3.8 Clearance from combustibles. The area surrounding an outdoor dispensing or use area shall be kept clear of combustible materials and vegetation for a minimum distance of 30 feet (9144 mm).

    5005.3.9 Weather protection. Where overhead noncombustible construction is provided for sheltering outdoor hazardous material use areas, such use shall not be considered indoor use where the area is constructed in accordance with the requirements for weather protection as required in the California Building Code .

  • CFC § 5005.2.2 High relevance — show source text

    5005.2.2 Closed systems. Use of hazardous materials in closed containers or systems shall be in accordance with Sections 5005.2.2.1 through 5005.2.2.4.

    5005.2.2.1 Ventilation. Where closed systems are designed to be opened as part of normal operations, ventilation shall be provided in accordance with Section 5005.2.1.1.

    5005.2.2.2 Explosion control. Explosion control shall be provided in accordance with Section 5004.6 where an explosive environment exists because of the hazardous materials dispensed or used, or as a result of the dispensing or use process.

    Exception: Where process vessels are designed to contain fully the worst-case explosion anticipated within the vessel under process conditions based on the most likely failure.

    5005.2.2.3 Spill control for hazardous material liquids. Buildings, rooms or areas where hazardous material liquids are used in individual vessels exceeding a 55-gallon (208 L) capacity shall be provided with spill control in accordance with Section 5004.2.1.

    5005.2.2.4 Secondary containment for hazardous material liquids. Where required by Table 5005.2.1.4, buildings, rooms or areas where hazardous material liquids are used in vessels or systems shall be provided with secondary containment in accordance with Section 5004.2.2 where the capacity of an individual vessel or system or the capacity of multiple vessels or systems exceeds the following:

    1. Individual vessel or system: greater than 55 gallons (208 L).
    2. Multiple vessels or systems: greater than 1,000 gallons (3785 L).

    5005.3 Outdoor dispensing and use. Dispensing and use of hazardous materials outdoors shall be in accordance with Sections 5005.3.1 through 5005.3.9.

    5005.3.1 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. Outdoor dispensing or use of hazardous materials, in either closed or open containers or systems, in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 5003.1.1(3) and 5003.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003, 5005.1 and 5005.3.

    5005.3.2 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. Outdoor dispensing or use of hazardous materials, in either closed or open containers or systems, in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 5003.1.1(3) and 5003.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001 and 5003.

    2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 50-27

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    HAZARDOUS MATERIALS—GENERAL PROVISIONS

    5005.3.3 Outdoor location. Outdoor dispensing and use areas for hazardous materials shall be located as required by Section 5003.12 except where material-specific requirements, including requirements in referenced standards, are provided in other chapters of this code.

    5005.3.4 Spill control for hazardous material liquids in open systems. Outdoor areas where hazardous material liquids are dispensed in vessels exceeding a 1.3-gallon (5 L) capacity or used in open systems exceeding a 5.3-gallon (20 L) capacity shall be provided with spill control in accordance with Section 5004.2.1.

  • CFC § 510.4.2.4 High relevance — show source text

    1, 510.4.2.4, 510.4.2.5, 510.5.2.1 Emergency Shutoff Valve 202, 5003.2.2.1, 5503.4.6, 5505.3.2, 6303.1.2, 6403.1.1 Emergency Shutoff Valve, Automatic 202, 2305.2.4, 2306.7.4, 5003.2.9.1, 5505.3.2, 5803.1.3, 6303.1.2, 6303.1.2.2, 6403.1.1.1 Emergency Shutoff Valve, Manual 202, 2309.5.2, 2309.5.2.1, 5505.3.2, 5803.1.3, 6303.1.2, 6303.1.2.2, 6403.1.1.2 Emergency Venting for Tanks 607.5, 2306.5, 5704.2.7.4, 5704.2.9.6.1.2, 5704.2.9.7.2 Emergency Voice/Alarm Communications 907.5.2.2

    Atriums 907.2.14

    Captions 907.5.2.2.4 Covered mall buildings 907.2.20 Deep underground buildings 907.2.19 Defined 202

    Group A 907.2.1.1 High-rise building 907.2.13 Special amusement buildings 907.2.12.3 Employee Training 406 Employee Work Area Defined 202

    Detached Building 202 Group H occupancies 5003.8.2 Storage 6204.1.1, Table 6204.1.2, 6304.1.1

    Detector, Heat Defined 202 Detonating Cord Defined 202

    Detonation

    Defined 202

    Detonator

    Defined 202 Detoxification Facilities (Group I-2) 202, 203.7.2 Dip Tank 202, 2405 Permit 105.6.23 Dipping Operations 2405 Discharge, Exit (see Exit Discharge) Discharge of Hazardous Material (see Release of Hazardous Material) Dispensing Aircraft fueling 2006 Defined 202 Fire extinguishers 2305.5 Location 2303.1 Motor fuel-dispensing operations 2304

    Requirements 2305, 5005 Dispensing Device, Overhead-Type Defined 202 Displays Aerosol products 5106 Cellulose nitrate (pyroxylin) plastic 314.3, 6503.1 Fireworks 5608

    Group M 5003.11 Indoor 314

    Motor vehicles 314.4, 3108.14 Retail 5001.4, 5106, 5601.2.2 Storage 5003.11.1.1 Distilled Spirits and Wines 4001 Fire protection 4005 Occupancy classification 203.10.3, 203.10.4, 203.5.1, 203.5.2 Precautions against fire 4003 Signage 4006 Storage 4004 Door 1010

  • CFC § 5004.7.2 High relevance — show source text

    5004.7.2 Fail-safe engineered systems. Standby power for mechanical ventilation, treatment systems and temperature control systems shall not be required where an approved fail-safe engineered system is installed.

    5004.8 Limit controls. Limit controls shall be provided in accordance with Sections 5004.8.1 and 5004.8.2.

    5004.8.1 Temperature control. Materials that must be kept at temperatures other than normal ambient temperatures to prevent a hazardous reaction shall be provided with an approved means to maintain the temperature within a safe range. Redundant temperature control equipment that will operate on failure of the primary temperature control system shall be provided. Where approved, alternative means that prevent a hazardous reaction are allowed.

    5004.8.2 Pressure control. Stationary tanks and equipment containing hazardous material liquids that can generate pressures exceeding design limits because of exposure fires or internal reaction shall have some form of construction or other approved means that will relieve excessive internal pressure. The means of pressure relief shall vent to an approved location or to an exhaust scrubber or treatment system where required by Chapter 60.

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    HAZARDOUS MATERIALS—GENERAL PROVISIONS

    5004.9 Emergency alarm. An approved manual emergency alarm system shall be provided in buildings, rooms or areas used for storage of hazardous materials. Emergency alarm-initiating devices shall be installed outside of each interior exit or exit access door of storage buildings, rooms or areas. Activation of an emergency alarm-initiating device shall sound a local alarm to alert occupants of an emergency situation involving hazardous materials.

    5004.10 Supervision and monitoring. Emergency alarm, detection and automatic fire-extinguishing systems required by Section 5004 shall be electrically supervised and monitored by an approved supervising station or, where approved, shall initiate an audible and visual signal at a constantly attended on-site location.

    5004.11 Clearance from combustibles. The area surrounding an outdoor storage area or tank shall be kept clear of combustible materials and vegetation for a minimum distance of 25 feet (7620 mm).

    5004.12 Noncombustible floor. Except for surfacing, floors of storage areas shall be of noncombustible construction.

    5004.13 Weather protection. Where overhead noncombustible construction is provided for sheltering outdoor hazardous material storage areas, such storage shall not be considered indoor storage where the area is constructed in accordance with the requirements for weather protection as required by the California Building Code .

    Exception: Storage of explosive materials shall be considered as indoor storage.

    5004.14 Outdoor storage location. Outdoor storage areas for hazardous materials shall be located as required by Section 5003.12 except where material-specific requirements, including requirements in referenced standards, are provided in other chapters of this code.

    SECTION 5005—USE, DISPENSING AND HANDLING

    5005.1 General. Use, dispensing and handling of hazardous materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area set forth in Section 5003.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5005. Use, dispensing and handling of hazardous materials in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area set forth in Section 5003.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 5001 and 5003.

    5005.1.1 Separation of incompatible materials. Separation of incompatible materials shall be in accordance with Section 5003.9.8.

  • CFC § 5001.6.3 High relevance — show source text

    5001.6.3 Facility closure plan. Where a facility closure plan is required in accordance with Section 5001.5 to terminate storage, dispensing, handling or use of hazardous materials, it shall be submitted to the fire code official not less than 30 days prior to facility closure. The plan shall demonstrate that hazardous materials that are stored, dispensed, handled or used in the facility will be transported, disposed of or reused in a manner that eliminates the need for further maintenance and any threat to public health and safety.

    SECTION 5002—DEFINITIONS

    5002.1 Definitions. The following terms are defined in Chapter 2:

    BOILING POINT.

    CEILING LIMIT.

    CHEMICAL.

    CHEMICAL NAME.

    CLOSED CONTAINER.

    CONTAINER.

    CONTROL AREA.

    CYLINDER.

    DAY BOX.

    DEFLAGRATION.

    DESIGN PRESSURE.

    DETACHED BUILDING.

    DISPENSING.

    EXCESS FLOW CONTROL.

    EXHAUSTED ENCLOSURE.

    EXPLOSION.

    FLAMMABLE VAPORS OR FUMES.

    GAS CABINET.

    GAS ROOM.

    HANDLING.

    HAZARDOUS MATERIALS.

    HEALTH HAZARD.

    IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE AND HEALTH (IDLH).

    INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS.

    LIQUID.

    LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT (LEL).

    LOWER FLAMMABLE LIMIT (LFL).

    MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA.

    NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE (NTP).

    OUTDOOR CONTROL AREA.

    PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL).

    PESTICIDE.

    PHYSICAL HAZARD.

    PRESSURE VESSEL.

    SAFETY CAN.

    SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS).

    SECONDARY CONTAINMENT.

    SEGREGATED.

    SOLID.

    STORAGE, HAZARDOUS MATERIALS.

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    HAZARDOUS MATERIALS—GENERAL PROVISIONS

    SYSTEM.

    TANK, ATMOSPHERIC.

    TANK, PORTABLE.

    TANK, STATIONARY.

    TANK VEHICLE.

    UNAUTHORIZED DISCHARGE.

    USE (MATERIAL).

    VAPOR PRESSURE.

    SECTION 5003—GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

    5003.1 Scope. The storage, use and handling of all hazardous materials shall be in accordance with this section.

    5003.1.1 Maximum allowable quantity per control area. The maximum allowable quantity per control area shall be as specified in Tables 5003.1.1(1) through 5003.1.1(4).

    Exception: Medical gases utilized for patient care within patient areas of a Group I-2 occupancy when the applicable require- ments of NFPA 99 Chapter 5 and Chapter 11 have been met.

    For retail and wholesale storage and display in Group M occupancies and Group S storage, see Section 5003.11.

    |TABLE 5003.1.1(1)—MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER
    CONTROL AREA OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS POSING A PHYSICAL HAZARDa, c, i, l, m,

  • CFC § 50-3 High relevance — show source text

    5001 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50-3

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    5002 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50-6

    5003 General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50-7 5004 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50-21 5005 Use, Dispensing and Handling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50-25

    CHAPTER 51 AEROSOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51-3

    5101 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51-3

    5102 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51-3

    5103 Classification of Aerosol Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51-3

    5104 Inside Storage of Aerosol Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51-4 5105 Outside Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51-7 5106 Retail Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51-7 5107 Manufacturing Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51-9

    CHAPTER 52 RESERVED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52-1

    CHAPTER 53 COMPRESSED GASES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53-3

    5301 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53-3

    5302 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53-4

    5303 General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53-4 5304 Storage of Compressed Gases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53-7 5305 Use and Handling of Compressed Gases. . . . . . . . . 53-7

  • CFC § 1.3 High relevance — show source text

    foodstuffs or consumer products, and cosmetics containing
    not more than 50 percent by volume of water-miscible liquids, with the remainder of
    the solutions not being flammable, is not limited.
    To qualify for this allowance, such materials shall be packaged in individual containers
    not exceeding 1.3 gallons.| |Any|Agricultural materials|The quantity of agricultural materials stored or utilized for agricultural purposes on the
    premises is not limited.| |Any|Energy storage|The quantity of hazardous materials in stationary storage battery systems is not
    limited.| |Any|Energy storage|The quantity of hazardous materials in stationary fuel cell power systems is not limited.| |Any|Energy storage|The quantity of hazardous materials in capacitor energy storage systems is not limited.| |Any|Refrigeration systems|The quantity of refrigerants in refrigeration systems is not limited.| |For SI: 1 gallon = 3.785 L, °C = (°F – 32)/1.8.
    a. Exempted materials and conditions listed in this table are required to comply with provisions of this code that are not based on exceeding maximum allowable quantities in
    Section 5003.|For SI: 1 gallon = 3.785 L, °C = (°F – 32)/1.8.
    a. Exempted materials and conditions listed in this table are required to comply with provisions of this code that are not based on exceeding maximum allowable quantities in
    Section 5003.|For SI: 1 gallon = 3.785 L, °C = (°F – 32)/1.8.
    a. Exempted materials and conditions listed in this table are required to comply with provisions of this code that are not based on exceeding maximum allowable quantities in
    Section 5003.|

    5003.1.2 Conversion. Where quantities are indicated in pounds and where the weight per gallon of the liquid is not provided to the fire code official, a conversion factor of 10 pounds per gallon (1.2 kg/L) shall be used.

    5003.1.3 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage, use and handling of hazardous materials in quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 5003.1.1(1) through 5003.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001 and 5003.

    5003.1.4 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of hazardous materials in quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 5003.1.1(1) through 5003.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with this chapter.

    5003.2 Systems, equipment and processes. Systems, equipment and processes utilized for storage, dispensing, use or handling of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Sections 5003.2.1 through 5003.2.9.

    5003.2.1 Design and construction of containers, cylinders and tanks. Containers, cylinders and tanks shall be designed and constructed in accordance with approved standards. Containers, cylinders, tanks and other means used for containment of hazardous materials shall be of an approved type. Pressure vessels not meeting DOTn requirements for transportation shall comply with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.

  • CFC § 5005.4.2 High relevance — show source text

    5005.4.2 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. Handling of hazardous materials in indoor locations in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 5003.1.1(1) and 5003.1.1(2) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5005.1. Handling of hazardous materials in outdoor locations in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 5003.1.1(3) and 5003.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001 and 5003.

    5005.4.3 Outdoor location. Outdoor handling areas for hazardous materials shall be located as required by Section 5003.12 except where material-specific requirements, including requirements in referenced standards, are provided in other chapters of this code.

    5005.4.4 Dispensing, use and handling. Where hazardous materials having a hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with NFPA 704 are transported through corridors, interior exit stairways or ramps or exit passageways, there shall be an emergency telephone system, a local manual alarm station or an approved alarm-initiating device at not more than 150-foot (45 720 mm) intervals and at each exit and exit access doorway throughout the transport route. The signal shall be relayed to an approved central, proprietary or remote station service or constantly attended on-site location and shall initiate a local audible alarm.

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    CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE

    CHAPTER 51 – AEROSOLS

    (Matrix Adoption Tables are nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user. See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

    Adopting Agency BSC BSC-
    CG    		 SFM Col5 HCD Col7 Col8 DSA Col10 OSHPD Col12 Col13 Col14 Col15 Col16 BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC
    Adopting Agency BSC BSC-
    CG    		 T-24 T-19* 1 2 1/AC AC SS 1 1R 2 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
    Adopt Entire Chapter X
    Adopt Entire Chapter as
    amended (amended sections
    listed below)
    Adopt only those sections that
    are listed below
    [California Code of Regulations,
    Title 19, Division 1]
    Chapter / Section

Frequently asked questions

When do I need spill control or secondary containment?

If the operation exceeds the thresholds in Section 5005 (for example, outdoor open systems with vessels > 1.3 gal or closed systems > 55 gal) you must provide spill control and, when table/section thresholds are met, secondary containment per Section 5004.2. See § 5005.3.4–5005.3.7.

Are small consumer containers always exempt?

No. Some consumer products in individual containers ≤ 1.3 gal (5 L) may be exempt under § 5001 exceptions, but other provisions (training, labeling, piping, etc.) can still apply. Check § 5001 for details.

What are required controls for piping and valves used for hazardous materials?

Piping, tubing, valves and fittings must be compatible with the material, identified per ASME A13.1, and have manual or fail‑safe remote emergency shutoff valves at the point of use and at the source; shutoffs must be visible, accessible and identified per § 5003.2.2.1.

Do indoor dispensing areas always need sprinklers?

Indoor rooms or areas where hazardous materials are dispensed or used must be protected by an automatic sprinkler or extinguishing system; design shall be at least Ordinary Hazard, Group 2 (minimum 3,000 sq ft design area) unless a higher level is required elsewhere (§ 5005.1.8).

Is ventilation always required for dispensing?

Indoor dispensing/use areas require exhaust ventilation per § 5005.1.9 except for dispensing/using flammable solids other than finely divided particles.

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