Openings, penetrations and joints (firestop, opening protectives)

Grounded in the retrieved California Fire Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

• CFC § 701.6.1 High relevance — show source text

  701.6.1 Recordkeeping. Records of all required system inspections, testing, repairs and maintenance shall be maintained in accordance with Section 110.3.

  701.7 Unsafe conditions. Where any components in this chapter are not maintained and do not function as intended or do not have the fire resistance or the resistance to the passage of smoke required by the code under which the building was constructed, remodeled or altered, such component(s) or portion thereof shall be deemed an unsafe condition, in accordance with Section 115.1.1. Components or portions thereof determined to be unsafe shall be repaired or replaced to conform to that code under which the building was constructed, remodeled or altered or this chapter, as deemed appropriate by the fire code official.

  Where the condition of components is such that any building, structure or portion thereof presents an imminent danger to the occupants of the building, structure or portion thereof, the fire code official shall act in accordance with Section 115.2.

  SECTION 702—DEFINITIONS

  702.1 Definitions. The following terms are defined in Chapter 2:

  DRAFTSTOP.

  FIREBLOCKING.

  MEMBRANE-PENETRATION FIRESTOP SYSTEM.

  OPENING PROTECTIVE.

  SMOKE BARRIER.

  SMOKE PARTITION.

  THROUGH-PENETRATION FIRESTOP SYSTEM.

  2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7-3

  on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

  FIRE AND SMOKE PROTECTION FEATURES

  SECTION 703—PENETRATIONS

  703.1 Maintaining protection. Materials and firestop systems used to protect membrane and through penetrations in fire-resistance-rated construction and construction installed to resist the passage of smoke shall be maintained. The materials and firestop systems shall be securely attached to or bonded to the construction being penetrated with no openings visible through or into the cavity of the construction. Where the system design number is known, the system shall be inspected to the listing criteria and manufacturer’s installation instructions.

  703.2 Repair of penetrations. Where damaged, materials used to protect membrane- and through-penetrations shall be replaced or restored with materials or systems that meet or exceed the code requirements applicable at the time when the assembly was constructed, remodeled or altered.

  SECTION 704—JOINTS AND VOIDS

  704.1 Maintaining protection. Where required when the building was originally constructed, materials and systems used to protect joints and voids in the following locations shall be maintained. The materials and systems shall be securely attached to or bonded to the adjacent construction, without openings visible through the construction.

  1. Joints in or between fire-resistance-rated walls, floors or floor/ceiling assemblies and roof or roof/ceiling assemblies.

  2. Joints in smoke barriers.

  3. Voids at the intersection of a horizontal floor assembly and an exterior curtain wall.

  4. Voids at the intersection of a horizontal smoke barrier and an exterior curtain wall.

  5. Voids at the intersection of a nonfire-resistance-rated floor assembly and an exterior curtain wall.

  6. Voids at the intersection of a vertical fire barrier and an exterior curtain wall.

  7. Voids at the intersection of a vertical fire barrier and a nonfire-resistance-rated roof assembly.

  Unprotected joints and voids do not need to be protected where such joints and voids were not required to be protected when the building was originally constructed. Where the system design number is known, the system shall be inspected to the listing criteria and manufacturer’s installation instructions.

• CFC § 703.2 High relevance — show source text

  703.2 Repair of penetrations. Where damaged, materials used to protect membrane- and through-penetrations shall be replaced or restored with materials or systems that meet or exceed the code requirements applicable at the time when the assembly was constructed, remodeled or altered.

  SECTION 704—JOINTS AND VOIDS

  704.1 Maintaining protection. Where required when the building was originally constructed, materials and systems used to protect joints and voids in the following locations shall be maintained. The materials and systems shall be securely attached to or bonded to the adjacent construction, without openings visible through the construction.

  1. Joints in or between fire-resistance-rated walls, floors or floor/ceiling assemblies and roof or roof/ceiling assemblies.

  2. Joints in smoke barriers.

  3. Voids at the intersection of a horizontal floor assembly and an exterior curtain wall.

  4. Voids at the intersection of a horizontal smoke barrier and an exterior curtain wall.

  5. Voids at the intersection of a nonfire-resistance-rated floor assembly and an exterior curtain wall.

  6. Voids at the intersection of a vertical fire barrier and an exterior curtain wall.

  7. Voids at the intersection of a vertical fire barrier and a nonfire-resistance-rated roof assembly.

  Unprotected joints and voids do not need to be protected where such joints and voids were not required to be protected when the building was originally constructed. Where the system design number is known, the system shall be inspected to the listing criteria and manufacturer’s installation instructions.

  704.2 Repair of joints and voids. Where damaged, materials used to protect joints and voids shall be replaced or restored with materials or systems that meet or exceed the code requirements applicable at the time when the assembly was constructed, remodeled or altered.

  704.3 Opening protectives. Where openings are required to be protected, opening protectives shall be maintained self-closing or automatic-closing by smoke detection. Existing fusible-link-type automatic door-closing devices are permitted if the fusible link rating does not exceed 135°F (57°C).

  SECTION 705—DOOR AND WINDOW OPENINGS

  705.1 General. Where required when the building was originally constructed, opening protectives installed in fire-resistance-rated assemblies, smoke barriers and smoke partitions shall be inspected and maintained in accordance with this section.

  705.2 Inspection and maintenance. Opening protectives in fire-resistance-rated assemblies shall be inspected and maintained in accordance with NFPA 80. Opening protectives in smoke barriers shall be inspected and maintained in accordance with NFPA 80 and NFPA 105. Openings in smoke partitions shall be inspected and maintained in accordance with NFPA 105. Fire doors and smoke and draft control doors shall not be blocked, obstructed, or otherwise made inoperable. Fusible links shall be replaced promptly whenever fused or damaged. Opening protectives and smoke and draft control doors shall not be modified.

  705.2.1 Labeling requirements. Where approved by the fire code official, the application of field-applied labels associated with the maintenance of opening protectives shall follow the requirements of the approved third-party certification organization accredited for listing the opening protective.

  705.2.2 Signs. Where required by the fire code official, a sign shall be permanently displayed on or near each fire door in letters not less than 1 inch (25 mm) high to read as follows:

  1. For doors designed to be kept normally open: “FIRE DOOR—DO NOT BLOCK.”
  2. For doors designed to be kept normally closed: “FIRE DOOR—KEEP CLOSED.”
• CFC § 713.6 High relevance — show source text

  713.6 Exterior walls. Where exterior walls serve as a part of a required shaft enclosure, such walls shall comply with the requirements of Section 705 for exterior walls and the fire-resistance-rated enclosure requirements shall not apply.

  Exception: Exterior walls required to be fire-resistance rated in accordance with Section 1021.2 for exterior egress balconies, Section 1023.7 for interior exit stairways and ramps and Section 1027.6 for exterior exit stairways and ramps.

  713.7 Openings. Openings in a shaft enclosure shall be protected in accordance with Section 716 as required for fire barriers. Doors shall be self- or automatic-closing by smoke detection in accordance with Section 716.2.6.6.

  713.7.1 Prohibited openings. Openings other than those necessary for the purpose of the shaft shall not be permitted in shaft enclosures.

  713.8 Penetrations. Penetrations in a shaft enclosure shall be protected in accordance with Section 714 as required for fire barriers or horizontal assemblies or both. Structural elements, such as beams or joists, where protected in accordance with Section 714 shall be permitted to penetrate a shaft enclosure.

  713.8.1 Prohibited penetrations. Penetrations other than those necessary for the purpose of the shaft shall not be permitted in shaft enclosures.

  Exception: Membrane penetrations shall be permitted on the outside of shaft enclosures. Such penetrations shall be protected in accordance with Section 714.4.2.

  713.9 Joints. Joints in a shaft enclosure shall comply with Section 715.

  713.10 Duct and air transfer openings. Penetrations of a shaft enclosure by ducts and air transfer openings shall comply with Section 717.

  713.11 Enclosure at the bottom. Shafts that do not extend to the bottom of the building or structure shall comply with one of the following:

  1. Be enclosed at the lowest level with construction of the same fire-resistance rating as the lowest floor through which the shaft passes, but not less than the rating required for the shaft enclosure.

  2. Terminate in a room having a use related to the purpose of the shaft. The room shall be separated from the remainder of the building by fire barriers constructed in accordance with Section 707 or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 711, or both. The fire-resistance rating and opening protectives shall be not less than the protection required for the shaft enclosure.

  3. Be protected by approved fire dampers installed in accordance with their listing at the lowest floor level within the shaft enclosure.

  Exceptions:

  1. The fire-resistance-rated room separation is not required, provided that the only openings in or penetrations of the shaft enclosure to the interior of the building occur at the bottom. The bottom of the shaft shall be closed off around the penetrating items with materials permitted by Section 718.3.1 for draftstops, or the room shall be provided with an approved automatic sprinkler system.
  2. A shaft enclosure containing a waste or linen chute shall not be used for any other purpose and shall discharge in a room protected in accordance with Section 713.13.4.
  3. The fire-resistance-rated room separation and the protection at the bottom of the shaft are not required provided that there are no combustibles in the shaft and there are no openings or other penetrations through the shaft enclosure to the interior of the building.
• CFC § 1105.7.3 High relevance — show source text

  1105.7.3 Opening protectives. Openings in smoke barriers shall be protected in accordance with Section 716 of the California Building Code . Opening protectives shall have a minimum fire protection rating of [1] / 3 hour.

  Exceptions:

  1. Existing wired glass vision panels in doors shall be permitted to remain.
  2. Existing nonlabeled protection plates shall be permitted to remain.

  1105.7.4 Penetrations. Penetrations of smoke barriers shall comply with the California Building Code .

  Exception: Approved existing materials and methods of construction.

  1105.7.5 Joints. Joints made in or between smoke barriers shall comply with the California Building Code .

  Exception: Approved existing materials and methods of construction.

  1105.7.6 Duct and air transfer openings. Penetrations in a smoke barrier by duct and air transfer openings shall comply with Section 717 of the California Building Code .

  Exception: Where existing duct and air transfer openings in smoke barriers exist without smoke dampers, they shall be permitted to remain. Any changes to existing smoke dampers shall be submitted for review and approved in accordance with Section 717 of the California Building Code .

  1105.8 Group I-2 care suites. Care suites in existing Group I-2, Condition 2 occupancies shall comply with Sections 407.4.4 through 407.4.4.7.2 of the California Building Code .

  1105.9 Group I-2 automatic sprinkler system. An automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 shall be provided throughout the floor containing the Group I-2 fire area. The sprinkler system shall be provided throughout the floor where the Group I-2 occupancy is located, on all floors between the Group I-2 occupancy fire area and the level of exit discharge, the level of exit discharge, and all floors below the level of exit discharge.

  Exception: Floors classified as an open parking garage are not required to be sprinklered.

  1105.10 Group I-2 automatic fire alarm system. An automatic fire alarm system shall be installed in existing Group I-2 occupancies in accordance with Section 907.2.6.2.

  Exception: Manual fire alarm boxes in patient sleeping areas shall not be required at exits if located at all nurses’ control stations or other constantly attended staff locations, provided such that manual fire alarm boxes are visible, are provided with ready access, and travel distances required in Section 907.4.2.1 are not exceeded.

  1105.11 Essential electrical systems. Essential electrical systems in Group I-2, Condition 2 occupancies shall be in accordance with Sections 1105.11.1 and 1105.11.2.

  1105.11.1 Where required. Where required by NFPA 99, Group I-2, Condition 2 occupancies shall be provided with an essential electrical system in accordance with NFPA 99.

  1105.11.2 Installation and duration. In Group I-2, Condition 2 occupancies, the installation and duration of operation of existing essential electrical systems shall be based on a hazard vulnerability analysis conducted in accordance with NFPA 99.

• CFC § 2.1 High relevance — show source text

  The smoke barrier shall be installed in accordance with Section 709 of the California Building Code with the exception that smoke barriers shall be continuous from an outside wall to an outside wall, a floor to a floor, or from a smoke barrier to a smoke barrier or a combination thereof.

  K102.2.1 Refuge area. Not less than 30 net square feet (2.8 m [2] ) for each nonambulatory care recipient shall be provided within the aggregate area of corridors, care recipient rooms, treatment rooms, lounge or dining areas and other low-hazard areas within each smoke compartment. Each occupant of an ambulatory care facility shall be provided with access to a refuge area without passing through or utilizing adjacent tenant spaces.

  K102.2.2 Smoke barriers. Smoke barriers shall be constructed in accordance with Sections 422 and 709 of the California Building Code .

  Exceptions:

  1. Smoke barriers shall be permitted to terminate at an atrium enclosure in accordance with Section 404.6 of the Califor- nia Building Code .
  2. Smoke barriers shall be continuous from an outside wall to an outside wall, a floor to a floor, a smoke barrier to a smoke barrier or a combination thereof.

  K102.2.3 Opening protectives. Openings in smoke barriers shall be protected in accordance with Section 716 of the California Building Code . Opening protectives shall have a minimum fire protection rating of [1] / 3 hour.

  Exception: Existing wired glass vision panels in doors shall be permitted to remain.

  K102.2.4 Penetrations. Penetrations of smoke barriers shall comply with the California Building Code .

  Exception: Approved existing materials and methods of construction.

  K102.2.5 Joints. Joints made in or between smoke barriers shall comply with the California Building Code .

  Exception: Approved existing materials and methods of construction.

  2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX K-3

  on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

  APPENDIX K—CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING AMBULATORY CARE FACILITIES

  K102.2.6 Duct and air transfer openings. Penetrations in a smoke barrier by duct and air-transfer openings shall comply with Section 717 of the California Building Code .

  Exception: Where existing duct and air-transfer openings in smoke barriers exist without smoke dampers, they shall be permitted to remain. Any changes to existing smoke dampers shall be submitted for review and approved in accordance with Section 717 of the California Building Code .

  K102.2.7 Independent egress. A means of egress shall be provided from each smoke compartment created by smoke barriers without having to return through the smoke compartment from which means of egress originated.

  K102.3 Automatic sprinkler system. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided in ambulatory care facilities where required by Sections K102.3.1 and K102.3.2.

  K102.3.1 Types IIB, IIIB and VB construction. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout the entire floor containing an ambulatory care facility in Type IIB, IIIB and VB construction where either of the following conditions exist at any time:

  1. Four or more care recipients are rendered incapable of self-preservation.
  2. One or more care recipients that are rendered incapable of self-preservation are located at other than the level of exit discharge serving such a facility.
• CFC § 7-21 High relevance — show source text

  713 Shaft Enclosures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-21

  714 Penetrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-23

  715 Joints and Voids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-26

  716 Opening Protectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-27

  717 Ducts and Air Transfer Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-34

  718 Concealed Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-40

  719 Fire-Resistance Requirements for Plaster . . . . . . . . 7-42

  720 Thermal- and Sound-Insulating Materials . . . . . . . . 7-42

  721 Prescriptive Fire Resistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-43

  722 Calculated Fire Resistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-66

  CHAPTER 7A [SFM] MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION

  METHODS FOR EXTERIOR WILDFIRE EXPOSURE . . . . . . . 7A-1

  CHAPTER 8 INTERIOR FINISHES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-1

  801 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3

  802 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3

  803 Wall and Ceiling Finishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3

  804 Interior Floor Finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6

  805 Combustible Materials in Types I and II Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7

  806 Decorative Materials and Trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7

  807 Insulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8

  808 Acoustical Ceiling Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8

  CHAPTER 9 FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE

• CFC § 1105.7 High relevance — show source text

  1105.7 Smoke compartments. Smoke compartments shall be provided in existing Group I-2, Condition 2, in accordance with Sections 1105.7.1 through 1105.7.6.

  1105.7.1 Design. Smoke barriers shall be provided to subdivide each story used for patients sleeping with an occupant load of more than 30 patients into not fewer than two smoke compartments.

  1105.7.1.1 Refuge areas. Refuge areas shall be provided within each smoke compartment. The size of the refuge area shall accommodate the occupants and care recipients from the adjoining smoke compartment. Where a smoke compartment is adjoined by two or more smoke compartments, the minimum area of the refuge area shall accommodate the largest occupant load of the adjoining compartments.

  The size of the refuge area shall provide the following:

  1. Not less than 30 net square feet (2.8 m [2] ) for each care recipient confined to a bed or stretcher.
  2. Not less than 15 square feet (1.4 m [2] ) for each resident in a Group I-2 using mobility assistance devices.
  3. Not less than 6 square feet (0.56 m [2] ) for each occupant not addressed in Items 1 and 2.

  Areas of spaces permitted to be included in the calculation of the refuge area are corridors, sleeping areas, treatment rooms, lounge or dining areas and other low-hazard areas.

  2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 11-21

  on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

  CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS

  1105.7.2 Smoke barriers. Smoke barriers shall be constructed in accordance with Section 709 of the California Building Code .

  Exceptions:

  1. Existing smoke barriers are permitted to remain where the existing smoke barrier has a minimum fire-resistance rating of [1] / 2 hour.
  2. Smoke barriers shall be permitted to terminate at an atrium enclosure in accordance with Section 404.6 of the Califor- nia Building Code .

  1105.7.3 Opening protectives. Openings in smoke barriers shall be protected in accordance with Section 716 of the California Building Code . Opening protectives shall have a minimum fire protection rating of [1] / 3 hour.

  Exceptions:

  1. Existing wired glass vision panels in doors shall be permitted to remain.
  2. Existing nonlabeled protection plates shall be permitted to remain.

  1105.7.4 Penetrations. Penetrations of smoke barriers shall comply with the California Building Code .

  Exception: Approved existing materials and methods of construction.

  1105.7.5 Joints. Joints made in or between smoke barriers shall comply with the California Building Code .

  Exception: Approved existing materials and methods of construction.

  1105.7.6 Duct and air transfer openings. Penetrations in a smoke barrier by duct and air transfer openings shall comply with Section 717 of the California Building Code .

  Exception: Where existing duct and air transfer openings in smoke barriers exist without smoke dampers, they shall be permitted to remain. Any changes to existing smoke dampers shall be submitted for review and approved in accordance with Section 717 of the California Building Code .

  1105.8 Group I-2 care suites. Care suites in existing Group I-2, Condition 2 occupancies shall comply with Sections 407.4.4 through 407.4.4.7.2 of the California Building Code .

• CFC § 0.010 High relevance — show source text

  2. Fire protection systems.

  3. Security systems.

  4. Two-way communication systems.

  5. Electrical raceway for fire department communication systems.

  6. Electrical raceway serving the interior exit stairway and ramp and terminating at a steel box not exceeding 16 square inches (0.010 m [2] ).

  7. Structural elements, such as beams or joists, supporting the interior exit stairway or ramp or enclosure.

  8. Structural elements, such as beams or joists, supporting a roof at the top of the interior exit stairway or ramp.

  Such penetrations shall be protected in accordance with Section 714 of the California Building Code . There shall not be penetrations or communication openings, whether protected or not, between adjacent interior exit stairways and ramps.

  Exception: Membrane penetrations shall be permitted on the outside of the interior exit stairway and ramp. Such penetrations shall be protected in accordance with Section 714.4.2 of the California Building Code .

  [BE] 1023.6 Ventilation. Equipment and ductwork for interior exit stairway and ramp ventilation as permitted by Section 1023.5 shall comply with one of the following items:

  1. Such equipment and ductwork shall be located exterior to the building and shall be directly connected to the interior exit stairway and ramp by ductwork enclosed in construction as required for shafts.
  2. Where such equipment and ductwork is located within the interior exit stairway and ramp, the intake air shall be taken directly from the outdoors and the exhaust air shall be discharged directly to the outdoors, or such air shall be conveyed through ducts enclosed in construction as required for shafts.
  3. Where located within the building, such equipment and ductwork shall be separated from the remainder of the building, including other mechanical equipment, with construction as required for shafts.

  In each case, openings into the fire-resistance-rated construction shall be limited to those needed for maintenance and operation and shall be protected by opening protectives in accordance with Section 716 of the California Building Code for shaft enclosures.

  The interior exit stairway and ramp ventilation systems shall be independent of other building ventilation systems.

  [BE] 1023.7 Interior exit stairway and ramp exterior walls. Exterior walls of the interior exit stairway or ramp shall comply with the requirements of Section 705 of the California Building Code for exterior walls. Where nonrated walls or unprotected openings enclose the exterior of the stairway or ramps and the walls or openings are exposed by other parts of the building at an angle of less than 180 degrees (3.14 rad), building construction within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the exterior walls of the interior exit stairway or ramp shall comply with Sections 1023.7.1 and 1023.7.2.

  2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 10-47

  on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

  MEANS OF EGRESS

  [BE] 1023.7.1 Building exterior walls. Building exterior walls within 10 feet (3048 mm) horizontally of a nonrated wall or unprotected opening in an interior exit stairway or ramp shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour. Openings within such exterior walls shall be protected by opening protectives having a fire protection rating of not less than [3] / 4 hour. This construction shall extend vertically from the ground to a point 10 feet (3048 mm) above the topmost landing of the stairway or ramp, or to the roof line, whichever is lower.

• CFC § 903.3.1.1 High relevance — show source text

  Such openings shall be separated vertically not less than 3 feet (914 mm) by spandrel girders, exterior walls or other similar assemblies that have a fireresistance rating of not less than 1 hour, rated for exposure to fire from both sides, or by flame barriers that extend horizontally not less than 30 inches (762 mm) beyond the exterior wall. Flame barriers shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour. The unexposed surface temperature limitations specified in ASTM E119 or UL 263 shall not apply to the flame barriers unless otherwise required by the provisions of this code.

  Exceptions:

  1. This section shall not apply to buildings that are three stories or less above grade plane.
  2. This section shall not apply to buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.

  7-10 2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

  on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

  FIRE AND SMOKE PROTECTION FEATURES

  3. Open parking garages. 705.9.6 Vertical exposure. For buildings on the same lot, opening protectives having a fire protection rating of not less than [3] / 4 hour shall be provided in every opening that is less than 15 feet (4572 mm) vertically above the roof of an adjacent building or structure based on assuming an imaginary line between them. The opening protectives are required where the fire separation distances from the imaginary line to each building or structure are less than 15 feet (4572 mm).

  Exceptions:

  1. Opening protectives are not required where the roof assembly of the adjacent building or structure has a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour for a minimum distance of 10 feet (3048 mm) from the exterior wall facing the imaginary line and the entire length and span of the supporting elements for the fire-resistance-rated roof assembly has a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour.
  2. Buildings on the same lot and considered as portions of one building in accordance with Section 705.3 are not required to comply with Section 705.9.6.

  705.10 Joints. Joints made in or between exterior walls required by this section to have a fire-resistance rating shall comply with Section 715.

  Exception: Joints in exterior walls that are permitted to have unprotected openings.

  705.10.1 Voids. The void created at the intersection of a floor/ceiling assembly and an exterior curtain wall assembly shall be protected in accordance with Section 715.4.

  705.11 Ducts and air transfer openings. Penetrations by air ducts and air transfer openings in fire-resistance-rated exterior walls required to have protected openings shall comply with Section 717.

  Exception: Foundation vents installed in accordance with this code are permitted.

  705.12 Parapets. Parapets shall be provided on exterior walls of buildings.

  Exceptions: A parapet need not be provided on an exterior wall where any of the following conditions exist:

  1. The wall is not required to be fire-resistance rated in accordance with Table 705.5 because of fire separation distance.
  2. The building has an area of not more than 1,000 square feet (93 m [2] ) on any floor.
  3. Walls that terminate at roofs of not less than 2-hour fire-resistance-rated construction or where the roof, including the deck or slab and supporting construction, is constructed entirely of noncombustible materials.
• CFC § 7-3 High relevance — show source text

  702 Multiple-Use Fire Assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3

  703 Fire-Resistance Ratings and Fire Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3

  704 Fire-Resistance Rating of Structural Members . . . . . 7-4

  705 Exterior Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6

  706 Fire Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-12

  707 Fire Barriers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-14

  708 Fire Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-16

  709 Smoke Barriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17

  710 Smoke Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18

  711 Floor and Roof Assemblies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19

  712 Vertical Openings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-20

  713 Shaft Enclosures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-21

  714 Penetrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-23

  715 Joints and Voids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-26

  716 Opening Protectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-27

  717 Ducts and Air Transfer Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-34

  718 Concealed Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-40

  719 Fire-Resistance Requirements for Plaster . . . . . . . . 7-42

  720 Thermal- and Sound-Insulating Materials . . . . . . . . 7-42

  721 Prescriptive Fire Resistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-43

  722 Calculated Fire Resistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-66

  CHAPTER 7A [SFM] MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION

  METHODS FOR EXTERIOR WILDFIRE EXPOSURE . . . . . . . 7A-1

• CFC § 713.13.2 High relevance — show source text

  713.13.2 Materials. A shaft enclosure containing a waste, recycling, or linen chute shall be constructed of materials as permitted by the building type of construction.

  713.13.3 Chute access rooms. Access openings for waste, recycling or linen chutes shall be located in rooms or compartments enclosed by not less than 1-hour fire barriers constructed in accordance with Section 707 or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 711, or both. Openings into the access rooms shall be protected by opening protectives having a fire protection rating of not less than [3] / 4 hour. Doors shall be self- or automatic-closing upon the detection of smoke in accordance with Section 716.2.6.6. The room or compartment shall be configured to allow the access door to the room or compartment to close and latch with the access panel to the chute in any position.

  713.13.4 Chute discharge room. Waste, recycling or linen chutes shall discharge into an enclosed room separated by fire barriers with a fire-resistance rating not less than the required fire rating of the shaft enclosure and constructed in accordance with Section 707 or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 711, or both. Openings into the discharge room from the remainder of the building shall be protected by opening protectives having a fire protection rating based on the fire rating of the shaft enclosure in accordance with Tables 716.1(2) and 716.1(3). Doors shall be self- or automatic-closing upon the detection of smoke in accordance with Section 716.2.6.6. Waste chutes shall not terminate in an incinerator room. Waste and linen rooms that are not provided with chutes need only comply with Table 509.1.

  713.13.5 Incinerator room. Incinerator rooms shall comply with Table 509.1.

  713.13.6 Automatic sprinkler system. An approved automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in accordance with Section 903.2.11.2.

  713.14 Elevator, dumbwaiter and other hoistways. A hoistway for elevators, dumbwaiters and other vertical devices shall comply with Section 712. Where the hoistway is required to be enclosed, it shall be constructed as a shaft enclosure in accordance with Section 713 and Chapter 30.

  SECTION 714—PENETRATIONS

  714.1 Scope. The provisions of this section shall govern the materials and methods of construction used to protect through penetrations and membrane penetrations of horizontal assemblies and fire-resistance-rated wall assemblies.

  714.1.1 Ducts and air transfer openings. Penetrations of fire-resistance-rated walls by ducts that are not protected with dampers shall comply with Sections 714.3 through 714.4.3. Penetrations of horizontal assemblies not protected with a shaft as permitted by Section 717.6, and not required to be protected with fire dampers by other sections of this code, shall comply with Sections 714.5 through 714.6.2. Ducts and air transfer openings that are protected with dampers shall comply with Section 717.

  714.2 Installation. A listed penetration firestop system shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions and the listing criteria.

• CFC § 1023.3.1. High relevance — show source text

  Where an interior exit stairway or ramp is extended to an exit discharge or a public way by an exit passageway, the exit passageway shall comply with Section 1023.3.1.

  Elevators shall not open into an exit passageway.

  1024.6 Penetrations. Penetrations into or through an exit passageway are prohibited except for the following:

  1. Equipment and ductwork necessary for independent ventilation or pressurization.

  2. Fire protection systems.

  3. Security systems.

  2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE 10-47

  on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

  MEANS OF EGRESS

  4. Two-way communication systems.
  5. Electrical raceway for fire department communication.
  6. Electrical raceway serving the exit passageway and terminating at a steel box not exceeding 16 square inches (0.010 m [2] ).
  7. Structural elements, such as beams or joists, supporting a floor or roof at the top of the exit passageway.

  Such penetrations shall be protected in accordance with Section 714. There shall not be penetrations or communicating openings, whether protected or not, between adjacent exit passageways.

  Exception: Membrane penetrations shall be permitted on the outside of the exit passageway. Such penetrations shall be protected in accordance with Section 714.4.2.

  1024.7 Ventilation. Equipment and ductwork for exit passageway ventilation as permitted by Section 1024.6 shall comply with one of the following:

  1. The equipment and ductwork shall be located exterior to the building and shall be directly connected to the exit passageway by ductwork enclosed in construction as required for shafts.
  2. Where the equipment and ductwork is located within the exit passageway, the intake air shall be taken directly from the outdoors and the exhaust air shall be discharged directly to the outdoors, or the air shall be conveyed through ducts enclosed in construction as required for shafts.
  3. Where located within the building, the equipment and ductwork shall be separated from the remainder of the building, including other mechanical equipment, with construction as required for shafts.

  In each case, openings into the fire-resistance-rated construction shall be limited to those needed for maintenance and operation and shall be protected by opening protectives in accordance with Section 716 for shaft enclosures.

  Exit passageway ventilation systems shall be independent of other building ventilation systems.

  1024.8 Exit passageway exterior walls. Exterior walls of the exit passageway shall comply with Section 705. Where nonrated walls or unprotected openings enclose the exterior of the exit passageway and the walls or openings are exposed by other parts of the building at an angle of less than 180 degrees (3.14 rad), the building exterior walls within 10 feet (3048 mm) horizontally of a nonrated wall or unprotected opening shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour. Openings within such exterior walls shall be protected by opening protectives having a fire protection rating of not less than [3] / 4 hour. This construction shall extend vertically from the ground to a point 10 feet (3048 mm) above the floor of the exit passageway, or to the roof line, whichever is lower.

  1024.9 Standpipes. Standpipes and standpipe hose connections shall be provided where required by Sections 905.3 and 905.4.

  SECTION 1025—LUMINOUS EGRESS PATH MARKINGS