CEBC · California Existing Building Code
What happens when the changed portion is not separated from the rest of the building?
If you change the use of part of your building and do not provide the continuous fire‑rated separation the CEBC requires, the code treats the whole building as subject to the rules for each occupancy and forces adoption of the more stringent requirements where they conflict; providing the proper rated separation (or an approved alternative) limits upgrades to just the separated area.
Last reviewed: July 6, 2026
What the code requires — 2-4 sentences
When part of a building changes occupancy, the CEBC treats that work differently depending on whether the changed portion is separated from the remainder by fire-resistive assemblies. If the changed portion is separated with fire barriers or horizontal assemblies having the fire‑resistance rating required by Table 508.4 (IBC) or Section R302 (IRC) — or by an approved compliance alternative — then only the separated portion must be evaluated under the CEBC. If the changed portion is not separated, then the provisions that apply to each occupancy apply to the entire building, and where the rules conflict the requirements that secure the greater public safety govern the whole building. See § 1302.1.2.
If you do not provide the continuous, code‑required fire‑rated separation for the new occupancy, the CEBC makes the entire building comply with the rules for each occupancy — and you must adopt the more stringent requirements where they conflict.
Requirements in detail
Key defined terms (first use bolded)
- Partial change in occupancy — the situation where a portion of the building is changed to a different occupancy classification. See § 1302.1.2.
- Separated / separation — continuous fire barrier or horizontal assembly having the fire‑resistance rating required for the separate occupancies (Table 508.4 of the IBC or Section R302 of the IRC), or an approved compliance alternative. See § 1302.1.2.
Decision‑relevant summary table
| Condition | Separation method required | Scope of CEBC compliance required | Conflict resolution | Code Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Changed portion is separated | Continuous fire barriers or horizontal assemblies with the fire‑resistance rating specified by Table 508.4 (IBC) or Section R302 (IRC), or an approved compliance alternative | Only the separated portion needs to be made to conform to the provisions of Chapter 13 (the CEBC performance method) | Not applicable to remainder (only separated portion evaluated) | § 1302.1.2 |
| Changed portion is not separated | N/A (no compliant separation provided) | The provisions of this section which apply to each occupancy shall apply to the entire building — you must evaluate the whole building for all applicable provisions | Where there are conflicting provisions, those requirements which secure the greater public safety shall apply to the entire building or structure | § 1302.1.2 |
Notes on the table:
- The CEBC expressly references the fire‑resistance ratings required by other codes (IBC Table 508.4 / IRC R302) and allows approved compliance alternatives in lieu of the prescribed assemblies; those external tables/details are not reproduced here — consult the IBC/IRC or your AHJ for the exact rating values cited by § 1302.1.2.
What “apply to the entire building” means in practice
- Every CEBC requirement that would separately apply to the existing occupancy and the changed occupancy must be considered across the whole building (not just the altered area). The code uses this to avoid fire/safety weaknesses created by mixed occupancies without proper separation. § 1302.1.2 requires this approach when no compliant separation exists.
- If a specific provision cannot be reconciled between occupancies (for example, one occupancy would require sprinklers and the other would not), the code directs adoption of the option that “secures the greater public safety” for the whole building. § 1302.1.2.
Exceptions & special cases
- The CEBC permits using approved compliance alternatives instead of the exact fire‑resistance assemblies named; if an alternative is accepted by the authority having jurisdiction it can be used to meet the “separation” condition so that only the changed portion must be evaluated. § 1302.1.2.
- The broader applicability statement in the CEBC (Section § 1302.1) describes which occupancy groups the Chapter 13 provisions apply to; consult § 1302.1 when confirming whether Chapter 13 is the applicable path for the project. (See Related provisions below.)
- The CEBC text references the fire‑resistance ratings required by Table 508.4 of the IBC and Section R302 of the IRC; the precise hour‑ratings or construction details are in those referenced codes, not reproduced in § 1302.1.2. If you need the numeric ratings, consult the IBC/IRC or the AHJ.
Common mistakes
- Assuming “partial change” always limits scope to the changed area — many designers forget that separation is required; absent compliant separation, the entire building must be evaluated per § 1302.1.2.
- Treating any partition as a “fire barrier.” The code requires fire barriers or horizontal assemblies with the fire‑resistance rating called for by the referenced tables; a non‑rated partition is not acceptable. § 1302.1.2.
- Overlooking the requirement to resolve conflicting provisions by applying the rule that “those requirements which secure the greater public safety shall apply” to the entire building when changes are not separated. § 1302.1.2.
- Failing to obtain AHJ acceptance of an approved compliance alternative; even a well‑intended alternative must be approved to trigger the “separated portion only” outcome. § 1302.1.2.
Worked example — concrete scenario
Scenario: An existing 10,000 ft² two‑story office building (Group B) has a 2,500 ft² ground‑floor tenant space being converted to Assembly (Group A) use.
Case A — separated:
- The owner installs continuous fire barriers and a horizontal assembly between floors that meet the fire‑resistance rating required for separation (as specified by Table 508.4 of the IBC or IRC R302) and the AHJ accepts any compliance alternatives used.
- Outcome: Because the changed portion is separated, only the 2,500 ft² changed portion is required to be evaluated and upgraded under Chapter 13; the remaining 7,500 ft² is not required to be re‑evaluated for the Group A provisions. This follows § 1302.1.2.
Case B — not separated:
- The owner does not provide the required fire‑resistance separation (or provides partitions that are not rated per the referenced tables).
- Outcome: The provisions of Chapter 13 that apply to Group A and Group B must be applied to the entire 10,000 ft² building. If a particular requirement conflicts (for example, Group A would require a higher level of fire protection than Group B in the altered area), the requirement that secures the greater public safety will apply to the entire building per § 1302.1.2. In other words, failure to separate can dramatically increase the scope and cost because the whole building must meet the more stringent requirements.
Related provisions
- § 1302.1 — General applicability of Chapter 13 (which occupancies Chapter 13 covers).
- § 1302.1.1 — Change in occupancy (how to apply provisions when the entire building changes occupancy).
- References inside § 1302.1.2 to Table 508.4 (IBC) and Section R302 (IRC) for the specific fire‑resistance ratings required for separation — consult those sources or your AHJ for exact rating values; those referenced tables are not reproduced in the CEBC excerpt.
Code references
Grounded in the retrieved California Existing Building Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:
CEBC § 1302.1 High relevance — show source text
SECTION 1302—APPLICABILITY
1302.1 General. Existing buildings in which there is work involving additions, alterations or changes of occupancy shall be made to conform to the requirements of this chapter or the provisions of Chapters 6 through 12. The provisions of Sections 1302.1.1 through 1302.1.6 shall apply to existing occupancies that will continue to be, or are proposed to be, in Groups A, B, E, F, I-2, M, R and S. These provisions shall also apply to Group U occupancies where such occupancies are undergoing a change of occupancy or a partial change in occupancy with separations in accordance with Section 1302.1.2. These provisions shall not apply to buildings with occupancies in Group H, I-1, I-3 or I-4.
1302.1.1 Change in occupancy. Where an existing building is changed to a new occupancy classification and this section is applicable, the provisions of this section for the new occupancy shall be used to determine compliance with this code.
1302.1.2 Partial change in occupancy. Where a portion of the building is changed to a new occupancy classification and that portion is separated from the remainder of the building with fire barrier or horizontal assemblies having a fire-resistance rating as required by Table 508.4 of the International Building Code or Section R302 of the International Residential Code for the separate occupancies, or with approved compliance alternatives, the portion changed shall be made to conform to the provisions of this section. Only the portion separated shall be required to be evaluated for compliance.
Where a portion of the building is changed to a new occupancy classification and that portion is not separated from the remainder of the building with fire barriers or horizontal assemblies having a fire-resistance rating as required by Table 508.4 of the International Building Code or Section R302 of the International Residential Code for the separate occupancies, or with approved compliance alternatives, the provisions of this section which apply to each occupancy shall apply to the entire building. Where there are conflicting provisions, those requirements which secure the greater public safety shall apply to the entire building or structure.
1302.1.3 Additions. Additions to existing buildings shall comply with the requirements of the International Building Code or the International Residential Code for new construction. The combined height and area of the existing building and the new addition shall not exceed the height and area allowed by Chapter 5 of the International Building Code . Where a fire wall that complies with Section 706 of the International Building Code is provided between the addition and the existing building, the addition shall be considered a separate building. Where a new occupiable roof is added to a building or structure, the occupiable roof shall comply with the provisions of the International Building Code .
Exception: In-filling of floor openings and nonoccupiable appendages, such as elevator and exit stairway shafts, shall be permitted beyond that permitted by the International Building Code .
1302.1.4 Alterations. An existing building or portion thereof shall not be altered in such a manner that results in the building being less safe or sanitary than such building is currently.
Exception: Where the current level of safety or sanitation is proposed to be reduced, the portion altered shall conform to the requirements of the International Building Code .
1302.1.5 Escalators. Where escalators are provided in below-grade transportation stations, existing and new escalators shall be permitted to have a clear width of less than 32 inches (815 mm).
CEBC § 1.11. High relevance — show source text
The state agency does not adopt sections identified with the following symbol: The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to Section 1.11.
2025 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 13-1
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
13-2 2025 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
13 PERFORMANCE COMPLIANCE METHODS
Not adopted by the State of California (May be available for adoption by local ordinance. See Section 1.1.11.) (See Section 104.11 for consideration of alternative means of compliance.)
User notes:
About this chapter: Chapter 13 allows for existing buildings to be evaluated so as to show that alterations, while not meeting new construction requirements, will improve the current existing situation. Provisions are based on a numerical scoring system involving 21 various safety parameters and the degree of code compliance for each issue.
SECTION 1301—GENERAL
1301.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall apply to the alteration, addition and change of occupancy of existing structures, including historic structures, as referenced in Section 301.3.3. The provisions of this chapter are intended to maintain or increase the current degree of public safety, health and general welfare in existing buildings while permitting, alteration, addition and change of occupancy without requiring full compliance with Chapters 6 through 12, except where compliance with the prescriptive method of Chapter 5 or the work area method of other provisions of this code is specifically required in this chapter.
1301.1.1 Compliance with other methods. Alterations, additions and changes of occupancy to existing structures shall comply with the provisions of this chapter or with one of the methods provided in Section 301.3.
SECTION 1302—APPLICABILITY
1302.1 General. Existing buildings in which there is work involving additions, alterations or changes of occupancy shall be made to conform to the requirements of this chapter or the provisions of Chapters 6 through 12. The provisions of Sections 1302.1.1 through 1302.1.6 shall apply to existing occupancies that will continue to be, or are proposed to be, in Groups A, B, E, F, I-2, M, R and S. These provisions shall also apply to Group U occupancies where such occupancies are undergoing a change of occupancy or a partial change in occupancy with separations in accordance with Section 1302.1.2. These provisions shall not apply to buildings with occupancies in Group H, I-1, I-3 or I-4.
1302.1.1 Change in occupancy. Where an existing building is changed to a new occupancy classification and this section is applicable, the provisions of this section for the new occupancy shall be used to determine compliance with this code.
1302.1.2 Partial change in occupancy. Where a portion of the building is changed to a new occupancy classification and that portion is separated from the remainder of the building with fire barrier or horizontal assemblies having a fire-resistance rating as required by Table 508.4 of the International Building Code or Section R302 of the International Residential Code for the separate occupancies, or with approved compliance alternatives, the portion changed shall be made to conform to the provisions of this section. Only the portion separated shall be required to be evaluated for compliance.
CEBC § 8-706.1.3 Medium relevance — show source text
Exceptions:
- Alternative standards may be used on a case-by-case basis when approved by the authority having jurisdiction. It shall be permitted to exceed the strength limitation of 100 psi in Section A108.2 of the CEBC when test data and building configuration supports higher values subject to the approval of the authority having jurisdiction.
- CEBC Section A102.2 shall not apply to Qualified Historical Buildings in Risk Category III buildings and other structures whose primary occupancies are public assembly with an occupancy load greater than 300.
8-706.1.3 All deviations from the detailing provisions of the lateral-force-resisting systems shall be evaluated for stability and the ability to maintain load-carrying capacity at the expected inelastic deformations.
8-706.2 Existing building performance. The seismic resistance may be based upon the ultimate capacity of the structure to perform, giving due consideration to ductility and reserve strength of the lateral-force-resisting system and materials while maintaining a reasonable factor of safety. Broad judgment may be exercised regarding the strength and performance of materials not recognized by regular code requirements. (See Chapter 8-8, Archaic Materials and Methods of Construction.)
8-706.2.1 All structural materials or members that do not comply with detailing and proportioning requirements of the regular code shall be evaluated for potential seismic performance and the consequence of non-compliance. All members that would be reasonably expected to fail and lead to collapse or life threatening injury when subjected to seismic demands shall be judged unacceptable, and appropriate structural strengthening shall be developed.
8-706.3 Load path. A complete and continuous load path, including connections, from every part or portion of the structure to the ground shall be provided for the required forces. It shall be verified that the structure is adequately tied together to perform as a unit when subjected to earthquake forces.
8-706.4 Parapets. Parapets and exterior decoration shall be investigated for conformance with regular code requirements for anchorage and ability to resist prescribed seismic forces.
An exception to regular code requirements shall be permitted for those parapets and decorations which are judged not to be a hazard to life safety.
8-706.5 Nonstructural features. Nonstructural features of historical structure, such as exterior veneer, cornices and decorations, which might fall and create a life safety hazard in an earthquake, shall be evaluated. Their ability to resist seismic forces shall be verified, or the feature shall be strengthened with improved anchorage when appropriate.
8-706.5.1 Partitions and ceilings of corridors and stairways serving an occupant load of 30 or more shall be investigated to determine their ability to remain in place when the building is subjected to earthquake forces.
8-706.5.2 Seismic forces used to evaluate and improve nonstructural components and their anchorage, where required, shall comply with ASCE 41 or need not exceed 0.75 times the seismic forces prescribed by the requirements of the regular code.
14 2025 CALIFORNIA HISTORICAL BUILDING CODE
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
8-8 ARCHAIC MATERIALS AND METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION
SECTION 8-801 — PURPOSE, INTENT AND SCOPE
CEBC § 8-706 Medium relevance — show source text
SECTION 8-706 — LATERAL LOAD REGULATIONS
8-706.1 Seismic forces. Strength-level seismic forces used to evaluate the structure for resistance to seismic loads shall be based on the R -values tabulated in the regular code for similar lateral-force-resisting systems including consideration of the structural detailing of the members where such R -values exist. Where such R -values do not exist, an appropriate R -value shall be rationally assigned considering the structural detailing of the members.
Exceptions:
- The forces need not exceed 0.75 times the seismic forces prescribed by the regular code requirements.
- For Risk Category I, II or III structures, near-fault increases in ground motion (maximum considered earthquake ground motion of 0.2 second spectral response greater than 150 percent at 5 percent damping) need not be considered when the fundamental period of the building is 0.5 seconds in the direction under consideration.
- For Risk Category I or II structures, the seismic base shear need not exceed 0.30W.
- For Risk Category III or IV structures, the seismic base shear need not exceed 0.40W.
8-706.1.1 When a building is to be strengthened with the addition of a new lateral force resisting system, the R -value of the new system can be used when the new lateral force resisting system resists at least 75 percent of the building’s base shear regardless of its relative rigidity.
8-706.1.2 Evaluation and seismic improvement of unreinforced masonry bearing wall buildings shall comply with the California Existing Building Code (CEBC), Appendix Chapter A1 2013 Edition, and as modified by the CHBC.
Exceptions:
- Alternative standards may be used on a case-by-case basis when approved by the authority having jurisdiction. It shall be permitted to exceed the strength limitation of 100 psi in Section A108.2 of the CEBC when test data and building configuration supports higher values subject to the approval of the authority having jurisdiction.
- CEBC Section A102.2 shall not apply to Qualified Historical Buildings in Risk Category III buildings and other structures whose primary occupancies are public assembly with an occupancy load greater than 300.
8-706.1.3 All deviations from the detailing provisions of the lateral-force-resisting systems shall be evaluated for stability and the ability to maintain load-carrying capacity at the expected inelastic deformations.
8-706.2 Existing building performance. The seismic resistance may be based upon the ultimate capacity of the structure to perform, giving due consideration to ductility and reserve strength of the lateral-force-resisting system and materials while maintaining a reasonable factor of safety. Broad judgment may be exercised regarding the strength and performance of materials not recognized by regular code requirements. (See Chapter 8-8, Archaic Materials and Methods of Construction.)
8-706.2.1 All structural materials or members that do not comply with detailing and proportioning requirements of the regular code shall be evaluated for potential seismic performance and the consequence of non-compliance. All members that would be reasonably expected to fail and lead to collapse or life threatening injury when subjected to seismic demands shall be judged unacceptable, and appropriate structural strengthening shall be developed.
8-706.3 Load path. A complete and continuous load path, including connections, from every part or portion of the structure to the ground shall be provided for the required forces. It shall be verified that the structure is adequately tied together to perform as a unit when subjected to earthquake forces.
CEBC § 3.6.3 Medium relevance — show source text
3.6.3(5)—AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR RACK STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN**
METAL CONTAINERS OF 5-GALLON CAPACITY OR LESS WITH OR WITHOUT CARTONS ON CONVENTIONAL WOOD PALLETSa—continued|IN-RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMAND|Racks up
to 9 feet deep|Racks up
to 9 feet deep|1.
Ordinary
temperature
sprinklers 8 feet
apart
horizontally
2.
One line
sprinklers
between levels
at nearest 10-
foot vertical
intervals
3.
Locate in
longitudinal
flue space,
staggered
vertical
4.
Shields
required where
multiple-level|Same as for Class II
liquids|Same as for Class II
liquids| |TABLE 5704.3.6.3(5)—AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR RACK STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN
METAL CONTAINERS OF 5-GALLON CAPACITY OR LESS WITH OR WITHOUT CARTONS ON CONVENTIONAL WOOD PALLETSa—continued|IN-RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMAND|Maximum
spacing|Maximum
spacing|100 ft2/head|120 ft2/head|120 ft2/head| |TABLE 5704.3.6.3(5)—AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR RACK STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN
METAL CONTAINERS OF 5-GALLON CAPACITY OR LESS WITH OR WITHOUT CARTONS ON CONVENTIONAL WOOD PALLETSa—continued|CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND
DEMAND|Area
(square feet)|Ordinary
temperature
sprinklers|5,000|5,000|5,000| |TABLE 5704.3.6.3(5)—AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR RACK STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN
METAL CONTAINERS OF 5-GALLON CAPACITY OR LESS WITH OR WITHOUT CARTONS ON CONVENTIONAL WOOD PALLETSa—continued|CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND
DEMAND|Area
(square feet)|High-
temperature
sprinklers|3,000|3,000|3,000| |TABLE 5704.3.6.3(5)—AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR RACK STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN
METAL CONTAINERS OF 5-GALLON CAPACITY OR LESS WITH OR WITHOUT CARTONS ON CONVENTIONAL WOOD PALLETSa—continued|CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND
DEMAND|Density
(gpm/ft2)|Density
(gpm/ft2)|0.30|0.25|0.25| |**TABLE 5704.3.6.CEBC § 11.5 Medium relevance — show source text
5-foot
level of storage
3.
Locate in
longitudinal flue
space,
staggered
vertical
4.
Shields required
where multiple-
level|1.
Ordinary
temperature,
quick-response
sprinklers,
maximum 8 feet
3 inches
horizontal
spacing
2.
One line of
sprinklers at the
6-foot level and
the 11.5-foot
level of storage
3.
Locate in
longitudinal flue
space,
staggered
vertical
4.
Shields required
where multiple-
level| |TABLE 5704.3.6.3(8)—AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR
CLASS I LIQUID STORAGE IN METAL CONTAINERS OF 1-GALLON CAPACITY OR LESS WITH UNCARTONED
OR CASE-CUT SHELF DISPLAY UP TO 6.5 FEET, AND PALLETIZED STORAGE ABOVE IN A DOUBLE-ROW RACK ARRAYa|CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND|Maximum
spacing|Maximum
spacing|100 ft2/head|100 ft2/head| |TABLE 5704.3.6.3(8)—AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR
CLASS I LIQUID STORAGE IN METAL CONTAINERS OF 1-GALLON CAPACITY OR LESS WITH UNCARTONED
OR CASE-CUT SHELF DISPLAY UP TO 6.5 FEET, AND PALLETIZED STORAGE ABOVE IN A DOUBLE-ROW RACK ARRAYa|CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND|Area
(square feet)|Ordinary
temperature|Not
Applicable|Not
Applicable| |TABLE 5704.3.6.3(8)—AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR
CLASS I LIQUID STORAGE IN METAL CONTAINERS OF 1-GALLON CAPACITY OR LESS WITH UNCARTONED
OR CASE-CUT SHELF DISPLAY UP TO 6.5 FEET, AND PALLETIZED STORAGE ABOVE IN A DOUBLE-ROW RACK ARRAYa|CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND|Area
(square feet)|High
temperature|2,000b|2,000b| |TABLE 5704.3.6.3(8)—AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR
CLASS I LIQUID STORAGE IN METAL CONTAINERS OF 1-GALLON CAPACITY OR LESS WITH UNCARTONED
OR CASE-CUT SHELF DISPLAY UP TO 6.5 FEET, AND PALLETIZED STORAGE ABOVE IN A DOUBLE-ROW RACK ARRAYa|CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND|Density
(gpm/ft2)|Density
(gpm/ft2)|0.60|0.60| |**TABLE 5704.3.6.CEBC § 3.6.3 Medium relevance — show source text
3.6.3(7)—AUTOMATIC AFFF WATER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR RACK STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN METAL CONTAINERS GREATER THAN 5-GALLON CAPACITYa, b**|IN-RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMANDc|Minimum
nozzle
pressure
(psi)|Minimum
nozzle
pressure
(psi)|30|30| |TABLE 5704.3.6.3(7)—AUTOMATIC AFFF WATER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR RACK STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN METAL CONTAINERS GREATER THAN 5-GALLON CAPACITYa, b|IN-RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMANDc|On-end storage of drumson
pallets, up to 25 feet|On-end storage of drumson
pallets, up to 25 feet|1.
Ordinary temperature
sprinkler up to 10 feet apart
horizontally
2.
One line sprinklers above
each level of storage
3.
Locate in longitudinal flue
space, staggered vertically
4.
Shields required for multiple-
level|1.
Ordinary temperature
sprinkler up to 10 feet apart
horizontally
2.
One line sprinklers above
each level of storage
3.
Locate in longitudinal flue
space, staggered vertically
4.
Shields required for multiple-
level| |TABLE 5704.3.6.3(7)—AUTOMATIC AFFF WATER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR RACK STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN METAL CONTAINERS GREATER THAN 5-GALLON CAPACITYa, b|CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND|Area
(square feet)|Ordinary
temperature
sprinklers|2,500|2,500| |TABLE 5704.3.6.3(7)—AUTOMATIC AFFF WATER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR RACK STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN METAL CONTAINERS GREATER THAN 5-GALLON CAPACITYa, b|CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND|Area
(square feet)|High-
temperature
sprinklers|1,500|1,500| |TABLE 5704.3.6.3(7)—AUTOMATIC AFFF WATER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR RACK STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN METAL CONTAINERS GREATER THAN 5-GALLON CAPACITYa, b|CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND|Density
(gpm/ft2)|Density
(gpm/ft2)|0.30|0.30| |TABLE 5704.3.6.3(7)—AUTOMATIC AFFF WATER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR RACK STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN METAL CONTAINERS GREATER THAN 5-GALLON CAPACITYa, b|CLASS LIQUID|CLASS LIQUID|CLASS LIQUID|IA, IB, IC and II|IA, IB, IC and II|57-26 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE
CBC § 301 Medium relevance — show source text
The IEBC is a model code in the International Code family of codes intended to provide requirements for repair and alternative approaches for alterations, changes of occupancy and additions to existing buildings. A large number of existing buildings and structures do not comply with the current building code requirements for new construction. Although many of these buildings are potentially salvageable, rehabilitation is often cost-prohibitive because compliance with all the requirements for new construction could require extensive changes that go well beyond the value of the building or the original scope of the alteration. At the same time, it is necessary to regulate construction in existing buildings that undergo additions, alterations, extensive repairs or change of occupancy. Such activity represents an opportunity to ensure that new construction complies with the current building codes and that existing conditions are maintained, at a minimum, to their current level of compliance or are improved as required to meet basic safety levels. To accomplish this objective, and to make the alteration process easier, this code allows for options for controlled departure from full compliance with the International Codes dealing with new construction, while maintaining basic levels for fire safety, structural and life safety features of the rehabilitated building.
This code provides three main options for a designer in dealing with alterations of existing buildings. These are laid out in Section 301 of this code:
Option 1: Work for alteration, change of occupancy or addition of all existing buildings shall be done in accordance with the Prescriptive Compliance Method given in Chapter 5. It should be noted that this method originates from the former Chapter 34 of the IBC (2012 and earlier editions).
Option 2: Work for alteration, change of occupancy or addition of all existing buildings shall be done in accordance with the Work Area Compliance Method given in Chapters 6 through 12.
2025 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE xi
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
Option 3: Work for alteration, change of occupancy or addition of all existing buildings shall be done in accordance with the Performance Compliance Method given in Chapter 13. It should be noted that this option was also provided in the former Chapter 34 of the IBC (2012 and earlier editions).
Under limited circumstances, a building alteration can be made to comply with the laws under which the building was originally built, as long as the accessibility requirements are met, there has been no substantial structural damage and there will be limited structural alteration. Flood hazard provisions also must still be addressed where there is a substantial improvement.
Note that all repairs must comply with Chapter 4 and all relocated buildings are addressed by Chapter 14.
ARRANGEMENT AND FORMAT OF THE 2025 CEBC
The format of the CEBC allows each chapter to be devoted to a particular subject. The following table shows how the CEBC is divided. The subsequent table shows CEBC requirements that are correlated with other California Codes. The chapter synopses detail the scope and intent of the provisions of the CEBC.
CEBC § 780.5. Medium relevance — show source text
ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?secti](http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=780.5.&lawCode=PUC) onNum=780.5.&lawCode=PUC).
E XCEPTION: A single gas meter may serve an entire complex when the gas is used only for central heating systems (i.e., space, water) that supply all tenants in common, and when each individual unit does not use gas appliances that require combustion venting. Refer to Gas Rule 18, “Supply to Separate Premises and Submetering of Gas.”
When each dwelling unit includes ground-floor space, each unit may have an individual service pipe and separate meter location if :
Sufficient meter space is provided.
Local ordinances do not prohibit such arrangements.
When it is practical, install the gas service pipe in a joint trench with the electric service.
See Subsection 2.4.2.F. on Page 2-39 for specific requirements when locations have multiple meters.
2-17 2022 – 2023
Section 2, Gas Service
2.3.6. Mobile Home Parks
Gas mains and services in mobile home parks must meet the same standards for gas installations that are required for residential and nonresidential applications.
In addition, applicants must not install gas mains, services, and meters under existing or proposed structures including mobile homes, sheds, porches, carports, and stairs.
Applicants should install the gas distribution mains in the roadway, when it is practical to do so, and in joint trenches, when it is feasible. Locate distribution mains 5 feet from the face or foundation of any building as described in Gas Design Standard A-04 located in Appendix C. On private property, ensure that rights-of-way are at least 10 feet wide for mains and at least 5 feet wide for service piping. Only use easements for utility installations. Table 2-1 on Page 2-13 shows the minimum separation and clearance requirements for service trenches.
N OTE : Curb valves are not recommended for individual mobile home services; however, a curb valve may be installed on the service to a park’s community building.
N OTE : Refer to Gas Design Standard J-12.4, “Mobile Home/Manufactured
Home Meter Set Installation,” Contact your local project coordinator for this document.
Also see the gas meter set requirements in Subsection 2.4.2.A.4., “Mobile Home Parks,” on Page 2-23.
2.4. Set Requirements for Gas Meters
CEBC § 7.62 Medium relevance — show source text
- For occupancies in Groups R-2 and R-3, within the interior conditioned space of individual dwelling units, where the open-sided walking surface is located not more than 25 feet (7.62 meters) measured vertically to the floor or walking surface below, required guards shall not be less than 36 inches (914 mm) in height measured vertically above the adjacent walking surface. 3. For occupancies in Group R-3, and within individual dwelling units in occupancies in Group R-2, where the top of the guard serves as a handrail on the open sides of stairs, the top of the guard shall be not less than 34 inches (864 mm) and not more than 38 inches (965 mm) measured vertically from a line connecting the nosings. 4. The guard height in assembly seating areas shall comply with Section 1030.17 as applicable. 5. Along alternating tread devices and ship’s ladders, guards where the top rail serves as a handrail shall have height not less than 30 inches (762 mm) and not more than 34 inches (864 mm), measured vertically from a line connecting the leading edge of the treads. 6. In Group F occupancies where exit access stairways serve fewer than three stories and such stairways are not open to the public, and where the top of the guard also serves as a handrail, the top of the guard shall be not less than 34 inches (864 mm) and not more than 38 inches (965 mm) measured vertically from a line connecting the nosings.
[BE] 1015.4 Opening limitations. Required guards shall not have openings that allow passage of a sphere 4 inches (102 mm) in diameter from the walking surface to the required guard height.
Exceptions:
- From a height of 36 inches (914 mm) to 42 inches (1067 mm), guards shall not have openings that allow passage of a sphere 4 [3] / 8 inches (111 mm) in diameter.
- The triangular openings at the open sides of a stair, formed by the riser, tread and bottom rail shall not allow passage of a sphere 6 inches (152 mm) in diameter.
- At elevated walking surfaces for access to and use of electrical, mechanical or plumbing systems or equipment, guards shall not have openings that allow passage of a sphere 21 inches (533 mm) in diameter.
- In areas that are not open to the public within occupancies in Group I-3, F, H or S, and for alternating tread devices and ship’s ladders, guards shall not have openings that allow passage of a sphere 21 inches (533 mm) in diameter.
- In assembly seating areas, guards required at the end of aisles in accordance with Section 1030.17.4 shall not have openings that allow passage of a sphere 4 inches (102 mm) in diameter up to a height of 26 inches (660 mm). From a height of 26 inches (660 mm) to 42 inches (1067 mm) above the adjacent walking surfaces, guards shall not have openings that allow passage of a sphere 8 inches (203 mm) in diameter.
- Within individual dwelling units and sleeping units in Group R-2 and R-3 occupancies, guards on the open sides of stairs shall not have openings that allow passage of a sphere 4 [3] / 8 (111 mm) inches in diameter. 7. [SFM] In lifeguard towers not open to the public, guards shall not have openings which allow passage of a sphere 21 inches (533 mm) in diameter.
CEBC § 1.11. Medium relevance — show source text
CHAPTER 7 – FIRE AND SMOKE PROTECTION FEATURES
(Matrix Adoption Tables are nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user. See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)
Adopting Agency BSC BSC-
CGSFM Col5 HCD Col7 Col8 DSA Col10 OSHPD Col12 Col13 Col14 Col15 Col16 BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC Adopting Agency BSC BSC-
CGT-24 T-19* 1 2 1/AC AC SS 1 1R 2 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Adopt Entire Chapter Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)X Adopt only those sections that
are listed below[California Code of Regulations,
Title 19, Division 1]Chapter / Section 709 X - The California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 19, Division 1 provisions that are found in the California Fire Code are a reprint from the current CCR, Title 19, Division 1 text for the code user’s convenience only. The scope, applicability and appeals procedures of CCR, Title 19, Division I remain the same. The state agency does not adopt sections identified by the following symbol: The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to Section 1.11.
2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7-1
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
7-2 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
7 FIRE AND SMOKE PROTECTION FEATURES
User notes:
About this chapter: Chapter 7 provides requirements to maintain the fire-resistance ratings of building elements and to limit fire spread. Section 701 addresses the maintenance of and owner’s responsibility for construction elements such as fire barriers and smoke barriers. The rest of the chapter deals with various aspects that also must be maintained to achieve overall fire resistance of the main fire- and smoke-resistive features. These include penetrations, joint protection, door and window openings, and duct and air transfer opening protection.
SECTION 701—GENERAL
CEBC § 17.8 Medium relevance — show source text
- California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) General Order (G.O.) 128 where i_chronicle_id ='09131aad80e0dc02' and any r_version_label='LIVE'), Rule 17.8 requires that subsurface and pad-mounted equipment be clearly marked as to ownership. To comply with this rule, PG&E requires standardized signage on these devices which identifies them as PG&E utility assets. these requirements are contained within the corresponding Engineering Material Specifications (EMS).
Rev. #00: 08-15-17 076268 Page 1 of 2
UG-1: General Greenbook Painting of PG&E Electric Distribution Pad-Mounted and Subsurface Equipment
A Signage identifies these devices by their operating number making it quick and easy for PG&E Employees to locate and identify these devices in the event of emergencies or for the purposes of required maintenance and inspection.
B Uniformity and consistency of the exterior color and pattern assist in locating and identifying these devices. Non-Uniformity of color as well covering of signage on these devices could prolong restoration efforts and desensitize the general public from the dangers of tampering and/or not maintaining clearances from these Assets.
California and Federal Law have cases which guide how PG&E would have to perform were this altering of Assets allowed. Current procedures and processes disallow PG&E from implementing these requirements when overlaid on Operational Procedures.
Allowing cities and their citizens to paint on public utility assets creates two possibly significant legal issues concerning ownership of the painting and a third party s right to express their views on our equipment.
A California law protects “fine art” including murals painted on someone else’s (i.e., Utility s) property. (Cal. Civ. Code § 987(a).) The code provides that once a mural is painted on the surface (transformer housing, for example), only the artist or his or her heirs (until 50 years after the artist’s death), may authorize “any physical defacement, mutilation, alteration, or destruction of a work of fine art.” (Cal. Civ. Code § 987(c)(1).)
B In Pacific Gas and Electric. Co. v. Public Util. Comm. (1985) 475 U.S. 1 the United States Supreme Court ruled that PG&E had a right to control access to its property for expressive purposes so long as we did not open that property as a forum for public expression. The court contrasted PG&E’s right with other property owners who had allowed their private property to be used for some types of public expression; the court held that that property had become a public forum and the owners could not thereafter exclude other speakers and other messages from their property.
Examples of Painted Assets
Figure 1 Examples of Enclosures in Violation of Note 2 (above)
Revision Notes
Revision 00 has the following changes:
- This is a new document.
076268 Page 2 of 2 Rev. #00: 08-15-17
UG-1: Services OH: Services Greenbook
Prepared by: ABB1
Purpose and Scope
Frequently asked questions
What if I provide a partial rated wall but it has penetrations for ducts or doors?
Penetrations and openings in rated assemblies must be protected to maintain the required fire‑resistance rating; an assembly with unprotected penetrations will not qualify as the required separation. The CEBC requires separation by fire barriers or horizontal assemblies with the required rating (or an approved alternative). For the exact protection methods and acceptable door/duct details, consult the referenced fire‑resistance tables and the applicable fire and building code chapters and your AHJ.
Can an “approved compliance alternative” be used to avoid upgrading the whole building?
Yes — if the authority having jurisdiction approves an alternative that provides the required separation performance, then only the separated portion need be evaluated. Approval is at the AHJ’s discretion; document the alternative and obtain written acceptance. § 1302.1.2.
Does this rule apply to all occupancy groups?
Chapter 13 provisions (and the partial‑change rules of § 1302.1.2) apply to the occupancy groups listed in § 1302.1; consult § 1302.1 for the groups covered and exceptions. If your building is in an excluded group (e.g., certain institutional groups), different rules may apply.
If requirements conflict between occupancies, which one do I follow?
If the changed portion is not separated, § 1302.1.2 directs that where provisions conflict, you must apply the requirements that secure the greater public safety to the entire building. Document the conflict and the chosen (more stringent) requirement for the record.
Where do I find the numeric fire‑resistance ratings required for separation?
§ 1302.1.2 references Table 508.4 of the International Building Code and Section R302 of the International Residential Code for the specific fire‑resistance ratings. Those tables are part of the IBC/IRC and are not reproduced in the CEBC text excerpt; consult the IBC/IRC or your AHJ for the exact hour ratings.
More in California Existing Building Code
- Administration and Definitions (Scope, enforcement, code official duties, definitions)
- Provisions for All Compliance Methods (general requirements that apply to all compliance options; Chapter 3 / 3A)
- Seismic retrofit and evaluation (Appendix A and seismic provisions/sections for evaluation and retrofit)
- Referenced Standards and Appendices (Chapter 16 and Appendices A–E, Resource A)
- Repairs (Chapter 4 — repair-specific rules for materials, means of egress, structural, MEP, etc.)
- Alterations — Level 1, Level 2, Level 3 (technical requirements for each alteration level; Chapters 7–9)
- Change of Occupancy and Additions (requirements for occupancy changes and additions; Chapters 10–11)
- Compliance Methods — Prescriptive, Work Area, Performance (Chapters 5, 6–11, 13)
- Relocated Buildings (requirements for buildings moved or relocated; Chapter 14)
- Construction Safeguards (site safety, means of egress and life-safety during construction; Chapter 15)
Ask about the CEBC
Get cited, plain-English answers on the California Existing Building Code for your project — any code section, any scenario.
Start Free Trial