CBC · California Building Code
What are the code requirements for steel connections, welding and anchor rods?
For homeowners: The California Building Code requires that steel connections follow recognized engineering standards; welds that are “restrained” need minimum pre‑heat and, for highly restrained joints, a post‑heat hold; anchor bolts must be set per the approved plans with nuts fully engaged and thread protrusion limited, and oversized base plate holes (more than 1/8") force stronger design of the rods or use of shear lugs to transfer shear — see the CBC sections § 2201.4, § 2201.4.1, § 2201.5 and § 2201.5.1 for the specific rules .
Last reviewed: July 5, 2026
What the code requires — 2-4 sentences
The California Building Code (CBC) requires that the design and installation of steel connections follow the applicable referenced standards called out in Chapter 22 (e.g., AISC, AWS)—and directs special inspection for welding and high‑strength bolt installation to the special inspection provisions (§ 1705.2) where applicable (see § 2201.4) . For welded connections with medium or high restraint the CBC sets minimum pre‑heat and, for high‑restraint welds to certain elements, mandatory post‑heat and hold times (§ 2201.4.1) . Anchor rods must be set per the approved construction documents, with the nut engaging the threads and thread protrusion limited to no more than the threaded length; when column base plate holes are oversized beyond the CBC/AISC tolerance, the anchor rods must be designed for combined bending, axial and shear or an approved shear lug arrangement must be used (§§ 2201.5, 2201.5.1) .
Requirements in detail
1) General requirement for connections
- Rule: Design and installation of steel connections must comply with the applicable referenced standards adopted for Chapter 22 (for example AISC 360, AWS D1.1, etc.) and must be in accordance with the approved construction documents. Special inspection for welding and high‑strength bolt installation is required as directed by the special inspection sections (§ 1705.2) .
- Code reference: § 2201.4 .
2) Restrained welded connections (pre‑heat / post‑heat)
- Rule: For welded structural steel connections that have medium or high restraint (definitions per AWS D1.1 Annex H), a minimum pre‑heat temperature of 150 °F (66 °C) is required. For welds to flange, web, wall or plate that have a high level of restraint, the weld area must be maintained at a post‑heat temperature of 300 °F (149 °C) for at least 1 hour after welding is completed (§ 2201.4.1) .
- Note: The CBC references AWS D1.1 for classification of restraint levels; the CBC text points you to that standard but the AWS standard itself provides the detailed definitions and charts (AWS text not reproduced here) (§ 2201.4.1) .
- Code reference: § 2201.4.1 .
3) Anchor rods and column base plate shear transfer
- Rule: Anchor rods shall be set as shown on the approved construction documents; the threaded ends that protrude through connected material must fully engage the threads of the nuts but shall not protrude more than the length of the threaded portion of the bolt (§ 2201.5) .
- Hole oversize / shear transfer: If column base plate holes are more than 1/8 in. (3 mm) larger than the anchor rods (the oversize that AISC permits), the anchor rods must be designed to resist the induced bending stresses combined with axial and shear stresses. As an alternate means to transfer shear, shear lugs designed per ACI 318 § 17.11 are permitted (§ 2201.5.1) .
- Code references: § 2201.5 and § 2201.5.1 .
Quick reference table (decision‑relevant values)
| Requirement | Value / limit | When it applies | Code Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum pre‑heat for medium/high restraint welded connections | 150 °F (66 °C) | Welds classified medium or high restraint per AWS D1.1 Annex H | § 2201.4.1 |
| Post‑heat temperature (high restraint welds) | 300 °F (149 °C) | Welds to flange, web, wall or plate with high restraint; maintain for minimum 1 hour after welding | § 2201.4.1 |
| Post‑heat hold time | 1 hour | See above | § 2201.4.1 |
| Anchor rod threaded protrusion | ≤ length of threaded portion of bolt | Threaded end must fully engage nut threads but not exceed threaded length | § 2201.5 |
| Base plate hole oversize threshold | > 1/8 in. (3 mm) larger than anchor rod | If holes are more than this, design anchor rods for combined bending/axial/shear or use shear lugs per ACI 318 § 17.11 | § 2201.5.1 |
| Special inspection reference for welding and high‑strength bolts | See § 1705.2 (special inspection) | When welding or high‑strength bolt installation is subject to special inspection under Chapter 17 | § 2201.4 and § 1705.2 |
Exceptions & special cases
- Project‑specific adopting agency amendments: Chapter 22 includes agency amendments (e.g., DSA‑SS, OSHPD) that may modify the requirements for certain public school, community college or hospital projects; check the applicable agency amendments in the code text (bracketed amendments appear in the Chapter 22A and related sections) (§ 2201.1.1 and the bracketed amendment notes) .
- Reference standards control details: The CBC requires compliance with the referenced standards (AISC, AWS, ACI, etc.) for the detailed design, selection of weld procedures, bolt pretension, inspection methods and testing. The CBC sections here set threshold requirements (pre‑heat/post‑heat, thread engagement, oversized hole design) but direct you to those referenced standards for the full technical rules (for example, AWS D1.1 for definitions of restraint; AISC 360 for anchor‑hole tolerances; ACI 318 for shear lug design) (§ 2201.4.1, § 2201.5.1) .
- Special inspection: Where special inspection of welding or high‑strength bolts is required, Chapter 17 special inspection procedures apply (see § 1705.2 referenced from § 2201.4) .
Common mistakes
- Treating the CBC language as a full welding specification: CBC gives minimum thermal controls and points to AWS D1.1 for restraint definitions; it does not replace the weld procedure specifications (WPS) or the AWS standard — follow both CBC and the referenced AWS/AISC requirements (§ 2201.4.1) .
- Ignoring nut engagement rules: Failing to ensure the thread engagement or allowing thread protrusion beyond the threaded length of the bolt—both violate § 2201.5 and can compromise connection capacity or inspection clarity .
- Overlooking base plate hole oversize: Assuming any oversize is harmless. If holes exceed 1/8 in. (3 mm) larger than the anchor rod, the anchorage must be designed for bending in addition to shear and axial loads, or shear lugs per ACI 318 must be used (§ 2201.5.1) .
- Forgetting special inspection triggers: Welding of high‑importance or prequalified connections and installation of high‑strength bolts often trigger special inspection per Chapter 17; failing to plan for this can delay approvals (§ 2201.4 and § 1705.2) .
Worked example — column base with oversized holes
Scenario: A steel column base plate is to be anchored with 1‑inch diameter anchor rods. The design calls for base plate bolt holes that will be 1‑1/8 inch diameter (i.e., 1/8 inch larger than the 1‑inch rod). The job spec uses AISC‑permitted oversize holes.
- CBC check: The CBC specifically triggers the additional design requirement only when holes are more than 1/8 in. (3 mm) larger than the anchor rod. A 1‑1/8 in. hole is exactly 1/8 in. larger than a 1‑in. rod, not more than 1/8 in., so the § 2201.5.1 condition to design anchor rods for induced bending does not automatically apply in that exact case; however, verify AISC 360 tolerances and project documents (approved construction documents) to confirm permitted hole size and detailing (§ 2201.5.1) .
- If you increase hole size to 1‑3/16 in. (i.e., >1/8 in. oversize), then per § 2201.5.1 the anchor rods must be checked/designed for bending plus axial and shear, or the designer must provide shear lugs per ACI 318 § 17.11 to transfer shear and avoid bending demands on the anchors (§ 2201.5.1) .
- Threaded protrusion check: If the contractor installs anchor rods with 2 in. of threaded length above the plate, the nut must fully engage threads and the protrusion shall not be greater than the 2 in. threaded length. If the nut engagement would leave >2 in. protrusion, that would violate § 2201.5 (practical consequence: re‑cut/adjust threads or provide correct nut/washer combination) (§ 2201.5) .
- Welding controls (if welded attachments on column): If the fabricator uses welded stiffeners that AWS D1.1 classifies as “high restraint,” pre‑heat at or above 150 °F is required and a 300 °F post‑heat hold for 1 hour after welding is required on flanges/webs/walls/plates specified by § 2201.4.1; include those thermal steps in the welding procedure and special inspection plan (§ 2201.4.1) .
Related provisions
- Special inspection of welding and high‑strength bolts — § 1705.2 (see § 2201.4 reference) .
- Structural steel design and referenced standard (AISC 360) — § 2202.1 (chapter direction to AISC 360 for structural steel) .
- Seismic design and detailing for structural steel (AISC 341 and seismic provisions) — § 2202.2.1 and related provisions in Chapter 22/22A (see chapter cross references) .
- Chapter 22A agency amendments and project applicability (DSA‑SS, OSHPD) — § 2201A.1.1 and related bracketed amendment notes (agency‑specific requirements) .
- AISC, AWS and ACI referenced standards are adopted as applicable—see the referenced standards list in the CBC (Chapter 35/Referenced Standards) and the Chapter 22/22A references for which standard controls each item .
Code references
Grounded in the retrieved California Building Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:
CBC § 2201A.4.1 High relevance — show source text
2201 A .2 Identification. Identification of steel members shall be in accordance with the applicable referenced standards within this chapter. Other steel furnished for structural load-carrying purposes shall be identified for conformity to the ordered grade in accordance with the specified ASTM standard or other specification and the provisions of this chapter. Where the steel grade is not readily identifiable from marking and test records, the steel shall be tested to verify conformity to such standards. [DSA-SS] All material iden- tification and testing shall be in accordance with Chapter 17A.
2201 A .3 Protection. The protection of steel members shall be in accordance with the applicable referenced standards within this chapter.
2201 A .4 Connections. The design and installation of steel connections shall be in accordance with the applicable referenced standards within this chapter. For special inspection of welding or installation of high-strength bolts, see Section 1705 A .2.
2201A.4.1 Restrained welded connections. [OSHPD 1 & 4] Welded structural steel connections having a medium or high level of restraint, as defined by AWS D1.1 Annex H, shall have a minimum pre-heat temperature of not less than 150 [o] F (66 [o] C). Welded struc- tural steel connections with welds to flange, web, wall or plate having a high level of restraint shall maintain a post-heat temperature of 300 [o] F (149 [o] C) for a minimum of 1 hour after completion of welding.
2201 A .5 Anchor rods. Anchor rods shall be set in accordance with the approved construction documents. The protrusion of the threaded ends through the connected material shall fully engage the threads of the nuts, but shall not be greater than the length of the threaded portion of the bolts. 2201A.5.1 Shear transfer at column base plate. Where the holes in column base plates are more than [1] / 8 inch (3 mm) larger than the anchor rods, as permitted by AISC 360, the anchor rods shall be designed for the induced bending stresses in combination with axial and shear stresses. Alternatively, shear lugs designed in accordance with ACI 318 Section 17.11 shall be permitted to transfer shear forces between column base plates and the supporting structure.
SECTION 2202 A —STRUCTURAL STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURAL STEEL AND CONCRETE
2202 A .1 General. The design, fabrication and erection of structural steel elements and composite structural steel and concrete elements in buildings, structures and portions thereof shall be in accordance with AISC 360.
Exceptions : [OSHPD 1 & 4]
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CBC § 2201A.1.1 High relevance — show source text
SECTION 2201 A —GENERAL
2201 A .1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter govern the quality, design, fabrication and erection of steel construction.
2201A.1.1 Application. The scope of application of Chapter 22A is as follows: 1. Structures regulated by the Division of the State Architect-Structural Safety (DSA-SS), which include those applications listed in Section 1.9.2.1. These applications include public elementary and secondary schools, community colleges and state- owned or state-leased essential services buildings. 2. Structures regulated by the Department of Health Care Access and Information/Office of Statewide Hospital Planning and Development (OSHPD), which include those applications listed in Sections 1.10.1 and 1.10.4. These applications include hospitals and correctional treatment centers.
2201A.1.2 Amendments in this chapter. DSA-SS and OSHPD adopt this chapter and all amendments.
Exception: Amendments adopted by only one agency appear in this chapter preceded with the appropriate acronym of the adopt- ing agency, as follows: 1. Division of the State Architect-Structural Safety: [DSA-SS] For applications listed in Section 1.9.2.1. 2. Office of Statewide Hospital Planning and Development:
[OSHPD 1] - For applications listed in Section 1.10.1.
[OSHPD 4] - For applications listed in Section 1.10.4.
2201 A .2 Identification. Identification of steel members shall be in accordance with the applicable referenced standards within this chapter. Other steel furnished for structural load-carrying purposes shall be identified for conformity to the ordered grade in accordance with the specified ASTM standard or other specification and the provisions of this chapter. Where the steel grade is not readily identifiable from marking and test records, the steel shall be tested to verify conformity to such standards. [DSA-SS] All material iden- tification and testing shall be in accordance with Chapter 17A.
2201 A .3 Protection. The protection of steel members shall be in accordance with the applicable referenced standards within this chapter.
2201 A .4 Connections. The design and installation of steel connections shall be in accordance with the applicable referenced standards within this chapter. For special inspection of welding or installation of high-strength bolts, see Section 1705 A .2.
2201A.4.1 Restrained welded connections. [OSHPD 1 & 4] Welded structural steel connections having a medium or high level of restraint, as defined by AWS D1.1 Annex H, shall have a minimum pre-heat temperature of not less than 150 [o] F (66 [o] C). Welded struc- tural steel connections with welds to flange, web, wall or plate having a high level of restraint shall maintain a post-heat temperature of 300 [o] F (149 [o] C) for a minimum of 1 hour after completion of welding.
CBC § 1.10.5 High relevance — show source text
[OSHPD 5] - For applications listed in Section 1.10.5 2. [DSA-SS/CC] Division of the State Architect - Structural Safety/Community Colleges amendments appear in this chapter preceded by the appropriate acronym, as follows:
[DSA-SS/CC] - For applications listed in Section 1.9.2.2
2201.1.4 Reference to other chapters. [DSA-SS/CC] Where reference within this chapter is made to sections in Chapter 17, the provi- sions in Chapter 17A shall apply instead.
2201.1.5 Additional amendments. [DSA-SS/CC] See Section 2215 for additional requirements.
[OSHPD 1R, 2 & 5] See Section 2213 for additional requirements.
2201.2 Identification. Identification of steel members shall be in accordance with the applicable referenced standards within this chapter. Other steel furnished for structural load-carrying purposes shall be identified for conformity to the ordered grade in accordance with the specified ASTM standard or other specification and the provisions of this chapter. Where the steel grade is not readily identifiable from marking and test records, the steel shall be tested to verify conformity to such standards.
2201.3 Protection. The protection of steel members shall be in accordance with the applicable referenced standards within this chapter.
2201.4 Connections. The design and installation of steel connections shall be in accordance with the applicable referenced standards within this chapter. For special inspection of welding or installation of high-strength bolts, see Section 1705.2.
2201.4.1 Restrained welded connections. [OSHPD 1R, 2 & 5] Welded structural steel connections having a medium or high level of restraint, as defined by AWS D1.1 Annex H, shall have a minimum pre-heat temperature of not less than 150 [o] F (66 [o] C). Welded struc- tural steel connections with welds to flange, web, wall or plate having a high level of restraint shall maintain a post-heat temperature of 300 [o] F (149 [o] C) for a minimum of 1 hour after completion of welding.
2201.5 Anchor rods. Anchor rods shall be set in accordance with the approved construction documents. The protrusion of the threaded ends through the connected material shall fully engage the threads of the nuts, but shall not be greater than the length of the threaded portion of the bolts.
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2201.5.1 Shear transfer at column base plate. [OSHPD 1R, 2 & 5] Where the holes in column base plates are more than [1] / 8 inch (3 mm) larger than the anchor rods, as permitted by AISC 360, the anchor rods shall be designed for the induced bending stresses in combination with axial and shear stresses. Alternatively, shear lugs designed in accordance with ACI 318 Section 17.11 shall be permitted to transfer shear forces between column base plates and the supporting structure.
CBC § 1006.2.2.1 High relevance — show source text
Exits 1006.2.2.1
Bolts
Anchor rods 1901.3 Bonding, Masonry 1805.2.2, 2103.2.2, 2113.3.1, 2510.7 Bottle-Filling Stations 202 Braced Wall Line 202
Bracing 2308.10 Seismic requirements 2308.10.10.2, 2308.10.6.2, 2308.10.8 Sill anchorage 2308.10.7.3 Spacing 2308.10.1 Support 2308.10.8 Temporary 3103.5 Braced Wall Panel 202 Alternative bracing 2308.10.5.1, 2308.10.5.2
Connections 2308.10.7 Length 2308.10.4 Location 2308.10.2
Method 2308.10.3 Brick (see Masonry) Building Area (see Area, Building) 502.1, 503, 505, 506, 507, 508, 510 Demolition 3303
Existing 101.4.7 Fire walls 706.1 Height (see Height, Building) 502.1, 503, 504, 505, 508, 510 Occupancy classification Chapter 3 Party walls 706.1.1 Relocatable 3113
Replicable Appendix N Building, Existing 202 Building Department 103 Building Official Duties and powers 103, 104 Qualifications Appendix A Records 104.7
Termination A101.4 Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) (see Photovoltaic) Built-Up Roof 1507.10 Business Occupancy (Group B) 303.1.1, 303.1.2, 304 Alarms and detection 907.2.2 Ambulatory care facilities 304, 422 Area 503, 505, 506, 507, 508 Height 503, 504, 505, 508, 510 Higher education laboratories 428, 2702.2
Incidental uses 509 Interior finishes Table 803.13, 804 Live load Table 1607.1 Means of egress Aisles 1018.3
Stairway, exit access 1019 Travel distance 1006.3, 1017.2,
1006.2.1
Mixed occupancies 508.2, 508.3, 508.4 Accessory 303.1.2, 508.2 Ambulatory care facilities 422 Assembly 303.1.2
Assembly spaces 1030 Exit signs 1013.1 Guards 1015.2, 1030.17 Main exit 1030.3
CBC § 120.8 Medium relevance — show source text
8, 120.8(a), 120.8(d) Supply 140.4(e)1, 140.4(f)2, 170.2(c)4C, D, O Temperature 140.4(b)2, 140.4(b)3, 140.4(j), 150.0(h), 160.3(b)2, 170.2(c)2, 170.2(c)4H Ventilation 120.1(d), 120.6(c)7, 160.2(b)2A, 160.2(c)5 Wattage 120.6(c), 120.6(d)3, 120.6(j)3, 120.9(b), 140.4(k)6, 160.4(e)2, 170.2(c)4I Zone 140.4(d), 170.2(c)4B Designated Efficiency 120.1(c)1B, 150.0(m)12C, 160.2(b)1C, 160.2(c)1B Designated Solar Zone 110.10(b)1A, 110.10(b)1B Diagnostic Evaluation 140.3(a)9, 141.0(b)2Q Diagnostic Testing 10-103(a)5, 110.1(c), 120.4(g)1, 141.0(b)2D, 141.0(b)2E, 150.0(m)1, 150.0(m)11, 150.0(m)13, 150.0(o), 150.1(c)7, 150.1(c)9, 150.1(c)10, 150.2(b)1D, 150.2(b)1E, 150.2(b)1F, 150.2(b)1M, 160.2(a)1, 160.2(b)2B, 160.3(b)5, 160.3(c)2H, 170.2(c)3B, 180.1(b)3, 180.2(b)2, 180.2(b)5 Differential Pressure 140.4(k)6, 170.2(c)4I Dimming Controls 150.0(k)2, 160.5(a)2 Direct Digital Control (DDC) 110.12(b), 120.1(d), 120.2(b), 120.2(e), 120.2(i), 120.2(j), 120.2(k), 140.4(c)2, 140.4(d), 140.4(k)6, 160.3(a)2, 170.2(c)4A, B, I Direct Expansion (DX) 140.4(a), 140.4(e)2, 140.4(m), 170.2(c)4K Direct Expansion (DX) Unit Requirements for Cooling Stages and Compressor Displacement Table 140.4-H, Table 170.2-H Direct Sunlight 130.1(d), 140.3(a)6E, 140.3(d), 140.4(e)2D, 150.1(c)4, 160.5(b)4D, 170.2(a)3B, 170.2(c)4C Directional Inlets 110.4(b) Directory 110.0(b), 110.1(b), 150.
CBC § 22-1 Medium relevance — show source text
CHAPTER 22 STEEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-1
2201 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-3
2202 Structural Steel and Composite Structural Steel and Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-4
2203 Structural Stainless Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-6
2204 Cold-Formed Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-6
2205 Cold-Formed Stainless Steel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-6
2206 Cold-Formed Steel Light-Frame Construction . . . . 22-6
2207 Steel Joists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-7
2208 Steel Deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-8
2209 Steel Storage Racks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-8
2210 Metal Building Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-9
2211 Industrial Boltless Steel Shelving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-9
2212 Industrial Steel Work Platforms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-9
2213 Stairs, Ladders and Guarding for Steel Storage Racks and Industrial Steel Work Platforms . . . . . 22-9
2214 Steel Cable Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-9
2215 Additional Requirements for Community Colleges [DSA-SS/CC] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22-9
2216 Testing and Field Verification
[OSHPD 1R, 2 & 5]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-10
CHAPTER 22A STEEL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22A-1
2201A General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22A-3
2202A Structural Steel and Composite Structural Steel and
CBC § 1.11. Medium relevance — show source text
The state agency does not adopt sections identified with the following symbol: The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to Section 1.11.
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22 A STEEL
User notes:
About this chapter: Chapter 22A provides the requirements necessary for the design and construction of structural steel (including composite construction), cold-formed steel, steel joists, steel cable structures, and steel storage racks. Chapter 22A is applicable to structures regulated by the Division of the State Architect-Structural Safety—including public elementary and secondary schools, community colleges, and state-owned or state-leased essential services buildings (applications listed in Sections 1.9.2.1 [DSA- SS] and 1.9.2.2 [DSA-SS/CC])—and by the Department of Health Care Access and Information/Office of Statewide Hospital Planning and Development—including hospitals and correctional treatment centers (applications listed in Sections 1.10.1
[OSHPD 1] and 1.10.4 [OSHPD 4]).
This chapter was extensively reorganized for the 2024 edition. For complete information, see the relocations table in the Preface information of this code.
SECTION 2201 A —GENERAL
2201 A .1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter govern the quality, design, fabrication and erection of steel construction.
2201A.1.1 Application. The scope of application of Chapter 22A is as follows: 1. Structures regulated by the Division of the State Architect-Structural Safety (DSA-SS), which include those applications listed in Section 1.9.2.1. These applications include public elementary and secondary schools, community colleges and state- owned or state-leased essential services buildings. 2. Structures regulated by the Department of Health Care Access and Information/Office of Statewide Hospital Planning and Development (OSHPD), which include those applications listed in Sections 1.10.1 and 1.10.4. These applications include hospitals and correctional treatment centers.
2201A.1.2 Amendments in this chapter. DSA-SS and OSHPD adopt this chapter and all amendments.
Exception: Amendments adopted by only one agency appear in this chapter preceded with the appropriate acronym of the adopt- ing agency, as follows: 1. Division of the State Architect-Structural Safety: [DSA-SS] For applications listed in Section 1.9.2.1. 2. Office of Statewide Hospital Planning and Development:
[OSHPD 1] - For applications listed in Section 1.10.1.
[OSHPD 4] - For applications listed in Section 1.10.4.
CBC § 80-3 Medium relevance — show source text
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Part VI— Referenced Standards
80 REFERENCED STANDARDS
User notes:
About this chapter: This code contains numerous references to standards promulgated by other organizations that are used to provide requirements for materials and methods of construction. This chapter contains a comprehensive list of all standards that are referenced in this code. These standards, in essence, are part of this code to the extent of the reference to the standard.
This chapter lists the standards that are referenced in various sections of this document. The standards are listed herein by the promulgating agency of the standard, the standard identification, the effective date and title, and the section or sections of this document that reference the standard. The application of the referenced standards shall be as specified in Section
102.7.
AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, 444 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001
HB-17—2002: Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 17th Edition
503.2.6
AFSI Architectural Fabric Structures Institute, c/o Industrial Fabric Association International, Roseville, MN 55113
ASI-77: Design and Standards Manual
3103.9.2
ANSI American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036
ANSI E1.21—2020: Entertainment Technology: Temporary Structures Used for Technical Production of Outdoor Entertainment
Events
3105.1, 3105.3, 3105.4
APA APA – The Engineered Wood Association, 7011 S. 19th Street, Tacoma, WA 98466-5333
ANSI/APA PRG 320—18: Standard for Performance-rated Cross Laminated Timber
701.6, 914.3.1.2, 3303.5
API American Petroleum Institute. 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005
Publ 2201—6th Edition (2023): Procedures for Welding or Hot Tapping on Equipment in Service
5706.7
RP 2009—8th Edition (2022): Safe Welding and Cutting Practices in Refineries, Gas Plants and Petrochemical Plants
5706.7
RP 2028 4th Edition—(2024): Flame Arrestors in Piping Systems
5704.2.7.3.2
RP 651—5th Edition (2022): Cathodic Protection of Aboveground Petroleum Storage Tanks
5706.7, 5706.7.1
RP 752— 4th Edition (2022): Management of Hazards Associated with Location of Process Plant Buildings, CMA Managers Guide
5706.7
RP 1604—4th Edition (2021): Closure of Underground Petroleum Storage Tanks
5704.2.13
RP 1615—(1996) 6th Edition (R2020): Installation of Underground-Petroleum Storage Systems
5704.2.13.1.5, 5706.7
CBC § 2201.1 Medium relevance — show source text
2025 (Group B) Code Development Cycle.
SECTION 2201—GENERAL
2201.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter govern the quality, design, fabrication and erection of steel construction.
2201.1.1 Application. [DSA-SS/CC, OSHPD] The scope of application of Chapter 22 is as follows: 1. Structures regulated by the Department of Health Care Access and Information/Office of Statewide Hospital Planning and Development (OSHPD), which include hospital buildings removed from general acute care service, skilled nursing facility buildings, intermediate care facility buildings and acute psychiatric hospital buildings, as listed in Sections 1.10.1, 1.10.2 and 1.10.5.
2. Structures regulated by the Division of the State Architect-Structural Safety/Community Colleges (DSA-SS/CC), which include those applications listed in Section 1.9.2.2.
2201.1.2 Amendments in this chapter. [DSA-SS/CC, OSHPD] DSA-SS/CC, OSHPD adopt this chapter as amended.
2201.1.3 Identification of amendments. [DSA-SS/CC, OSHPD] 1. [OSHPD 1R, 2 & 5] Office of Statewide Hospital Planning and Development (OSHPD) amendments appear in this chapter preceded by the appropriate acronym, as follows:
[OSHPD 1R ] - For applications listed in Section 1.10.1.
[OSHPD 2] - For applications listed in Section 1.10.2.
[OSHPD 5] - For applications listed in Section 1.10.5 2. [DSA-SS/CC] Division of the State Architect - Structural Safety/Community Colleges amendments appear in this chapter preceded by the appropriate acronym, as follows:
[DSA-SS/CC] - For applications listed in Section 1.9.2.2
2201.1.4 Reference to other chapters. [DSA-SS/CC] Where reference within this chapter is made to sections in Chapter 17, the provi- sions in Chapter 17A shall apply instead.
2201.1.5 Additional amendments. [DSA-SS/CC] See Section 2215 for additional requirements.
[OSHPD 1R, 2 & 5] See Section 2213 for additional requirements.
2201.2 Identification. Identification of steel members shall be in accordance with the applicable referenced standards within this chapter. Other steel furnished for structural load-carrying purposes shall be identified for conformity to the ordered grade in accordance with the specified ASTM standard or other specification and the provisions of this chapter. Where the steel grade is not readily identifiable from marking and test records, the steel shall be tested to verify conformity to such standards.
2201.3 Protection. The protection of steel members shall be in accordance with the applicable referenced standards within this chapter.
2201.4 Connections. The design and installation of steel connections shall be in accordance with the applicable referenced standards within this chapter. For special inspection of welding or installation of high-strength bolts, see Section 1705.2.
CBC § 15-2 Medium relevance — show source text
are listed below|||||||X|||||||||||||||||X| |Chapter / Section||||||||||||||||||||||||| |UBC 15-2|||X|||||||||||||||||||||| |UBC 15-3|||X|||||||||||||||||||||| |UBC 15-4|||X|||||||||||||||||||||| |UL 13-96|||X|||||||||||||||||||||| |UL 38-99|||X|||||||||||||||||||||| |UL 193-04|||X|||||||||||||||||||||| |UL 199-95|||X|||||||||||||||||||||| |UL 228-97|||X|||||||||||||||||||||| |UL 260-04|||X|||||||||||||||||||||| |UL 262-04|||X|||||||||||||||||||||| |UL 268A-09|||X|||||||||||||||||||||| |UL 312-04|||X|||||||||||||||||||||| |UL 346-05|||X|||||||||||||||||||||| |UL 464-03|||X|||||||||||||||||||||| |UL 497B-04|||X|||||||||||||||||||||| |UL 521-99|||X|||||||||||||||||||||| |UL 539-00|||X|||||||||||||||||||||| |UL 632-00|||X|||||||||||||||||||||| |UL 753-04|||X|||||||||||||||||||||| |UL 790_Edition 9-2022_|||X|||||||||||||||||||||| |UL 813-96|||X|||||||||||||||||||||| |UL 857-13||||||||†|†|X|X|X||X|X|||||||||| |UL 864-2014|||X||||||||||||||||||||||
The state agency does not adopt sections identified with the following symbol: The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to Section 1.11.
35-4 2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE
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35 REFERENCED STANDARDS
User notes:
About this chapter: The California Building Code contains numerous references to standards promulgated by other organizations that are used to provide requirements for materials and methods of construction. This chapter contains a comprehensive list of all standards that are referenced in this code. These standards, in essence, are part of this code to the extent of the reference to the standard.
[DSA-SS, DSA-SS/CC, OSHPD 1 & 4] Reference to other chapters. In addition to the code sections referenced, the standards listed in this chapter are applicable to the respective code sections in Chapters 16A, 17A, 18A, 19A, 21A and 22A.
This chapter lists the standards that are referenced in various sections of this document. The standards are listed herein by the promulgating agency of the standard, the standard identification, the effective date and title, and the section or sections of this document that reference the standard. The application of the referenced standards shall be as specified in Section 102.4.
AA Aluminum Association, 1400 Crystal Drive, Suite 430, Arlington, VA 22202
CBC § 907.5.2.3.1 Medium relevance — show source text
Employee Accessibility for work areas 907.5.2.3.1, Chapter 11B Deputies to building official 103.3 Liability 104.8 Qualifications A101 Termination of employment A101.4 Toilet facilities Chapter 11B Encroachments Into the Public Right-of-Way Chapter 32 End-Jointed Lumber 2303.1.1.2
Relocated structures 101.4.7, D103.3 Rodentproofing Appendix F
INDEX-6 2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE
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Energy Efficiency Chapter 13, 101.4.6, 110.3.9 Enforcing Agency 202 Housing and Community Development 1.8 Engineer (see Definition for Registered Design Professional) Entrances 905.3.3, 1030.4, Chapter 11B Equipment Countertop Equipment 202 Essential Equipment 202 Fixed Equipment 202 Interim Equipment 202 Mobile Equipment 202 Movable Equipment 202 Other Equipment 202 Temporary Equipment 202 Equipment Platform 505.3 Area limitation 505.2.1, 505.2.1.1,
505.3.1 Automatic sprinkler system 505.3.2 Equivalent Opening Factor Figure 705.8 Escalators 3004 Floor opening protection 712.1.3 Means of egress 1003.7 Essential Facilities (see Risk Category) Table 1604.5 Excavation, Grading and Fill 1804, 3304 Existing Building 101.4.7, 102.6, 705.3, 912.2.2, 915.1, 11B- 202 Additions D103.1
Alteration D103.1 Change of occupancy D103.2 Flood-resistant 104.3.1, Appendix G Historic 101.4.7
Relocated structures D103.3
Repairs 101.4.7, 116.5 Rodentproofing Appendix F Exit (see Means of Egress) 1022, 1023, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1027 Atrium 404.10, 1023.2 Boiler room 1006.2.1.1 Configuration 1007 Construction 713.2, 1019, 1023.2 Doorways 1007 Dwellings 1006.2.2.6, 1006.3.4.1 Electrical rooms 1006.2.2.4
Enclosure 707.3.2, 1023.2 Fire resistance 707.3, 1019, 1023.2
Furnace rooms 1006.2.2.1
Group H-5 415.11.6.6 High rise 403.5, 403.6, 1025 Horizontal 707.3.5, 1026 Incinerator rooms 1006.2.2.1
CBC § 3105.1 Medium relevance — show source text
ANSI E1.21—2020: Entertainment Technology: Temporary Structures Used for Technical Production of Outdoor Entertainment
Events
3105.1, 3105.3, 3105.4
APA APA – The Engineered Wood Association, 7011 S. 19th Street, Tacoma, WA 98466-5333
ANSI/APA PRG 320—18: Standard for Performance-rated Cross Laminated Timber
701.6, 914.3.1.2, 3303.5
API American Petroleum Institute. 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005
Publ 2201—6th Edition (2023): Procedures for Welding or Hot Tapping on Equipment in Service
5706.7
RP 2009—8th Edition (2022): Safe Welding and Cutting Practices in Refineries, Gas Plants and Petrochemical Plants
5706.7
RP 2028 4th Edition—(2024): Flame Arrestors in Piping Systems
5704.2.7.3.2
RP 651—5th Edition (2022): Cathodic Protection of Aboveground Petroleum Storage Tanks
5706.7, 5706.7.1
RP 752— 4th Edition (2022): Management of Hazards Associated with Location of Process Plant Buildings, CMA Managers Guide
5706.7
RP 1604—4th Edition (2021): Closure of Underground Petroleum Storage Tanks
5704.2.13
RP 1615—(1996) 6th Edition (R2020): Installation of Underground-Petroleum Storage Systems
5704.2.13.1.5, 5706.7
RP 2001—10th Edition (2022): Fire Protection in Refineries
5706.7
RP 2003—9th Edition (2023): Protection Against Ignitions Arising out of Static, Lightning and Stray Currents
5706.7
2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 80-5
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REFERENCED STANDARDS
RP 2023—4th Edition (2023): Guide for Safe Storage and Handling of Heated Petroleum-Derived Asphalt Products and Crude-Oil Residue
5706.7, 5706.7.3
Std 653 Addendum 3—5th Edition (2022): Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration and Reconstruction
5706.7
Std 2000—8th Edition (2023): Venting Atmosphere and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks: Nonrefrigerated and Refrigerated
5704.2.7.3.2
Std 2015—9th Edition (2023): Requirements for Safe Entry and Clearing of Petroleum Storage Tanks
5706.7, 5706.7.2
Std 2350—5th Edition (2021): Overfill Protection for Storage Tanks in Petroleum Facilities
5704.2.7.5.8, 5706.4.6, 5706.7
ASCE/SEI American Society of Civil Engineers, Structural Engineering Institute, Reston, VA 20191-4400
ASCE/SEI 24—14: Flood Resistant Design and Construction
1203.1.8
Frequently asked questions
Do the CBC requirements replace the AWS/AISC technical details for welding and connections?
No. CBC sets minimum thermal controls and directs compliance with referenced standards; the AWS and AISC standards contain the detailed definitions, procedures, qualifications and tables. CBC references those standards (e.g., AWS D1.1, AISC 360)—follow both the CBC and the referenced standard for complete compliance (§ 2201.4.1, § 2202.1) .
When does the post‑heat requirement apply and how long must it be held?
Post‑heat to 300 °F (149 °C) for a minimum of 1 hour is required where welds to flange, web, wall or plate are classified as high restraint per AWS D1.1 Annex H; pre‑heat of at least 150 °F (66 °C) is required for medium or high restraint welds (§ 2201.4.1) .
If base plate holes are oversized exactly 1/8 in., do I need to design anchor rods for bending?
No — the CBC threshold in § 2201.5.1 calls out the condition when holes are more than 1/8 in. (3 mm) larger. For an exact 1/8 in. oversize you are at the tolerance limit; still confirm AISC 360 allowances and the approved construction documents before assuming no additional design actions are needed (§ 2201.5.1) .
Where does special inspection apply for welding and bolts?
The CBC points to special inspection requirements in Chapter 17; welding and installation of high‑strength bolts that meet the Chapter 17 thresholds require special inspection as specified in § 1705.2 (see § 2201.4) .
What if my project is DSA or OSHPD regulated—do these rules change?
Chapter 22 includes bracketed agency amendments (Chapter 22A text and bracketed notes) that apply for DSA‑SS and OSHPD projects. Always check the agency‑specific amendments in Chapter 22A and the approved construction documents (§ 2201A.1.1 and amendment notes) .
More in California Building Code
- Administration & Permits
- Energy Efficiency
- Existing Buildings
- Occupancy Classification & Use
- Hazardous Materials & Occupancies
- Types of Construction
- Fire-Resistance & Fire Safety
- Interior Finishes
- Means of Egress
- Accessibility
- Exterior Walls
- Roofing & Roof Assemblies
- Structural Design
- Special Inspections & Tests
- Foundations & Soils
- Concrete
- Masonry
- Steel
- Wood
- Elevators & Conveying Systems
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