CBC · California Building Code

How are rooftop PV and building-integrated PV treated for fire classification and installation?

If PV modules are part of the roof (BIPV) they are treated as roof coverings and must be tested/listed for roof fire classification under § 1505.8; PV modules mounted above a roof must be UL 2703 listed and meet the roof’s required Class (A/B/C) per § 1505.9 and Table 1505.1, and all listed systems must be installed per their listing and manufacturer’s instructions. file

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Last reviewed: July 5, 2026

What the code requires — plain English

  • Building‑integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) products that serve as the roof covering must be tested, listed and labeled for a roof fire classification consistent with the roof‑covering classification rules in Chapter 15; see § 1505.8.
  • Rooftop‑mounted photovoltaic (PV) panel systems mounted on or above the roof covering must be tested, listed and identified with a fire classification in accordance with UL 2703 and must meet the fire‑classification requirement (the required Class A/B/C) for the building’s roof as referenced in § 1505.9 and Table 1505.1; listed systems must be installed per the listing and manufacturer instructions.
  • The solar‑systems chapter restates these requirements for PV systems (design, listing and that BIPV follows the roof‑covering rules in Chapter 15); see the solar section cross‑references in § 3111.3.2 and related equipment/listing text.

Requirements in detail

Which product type follows which rule

  • BIPV installed as the roof covering is treated as a roof covering and must be tested/listed/labeled for roof fire classification in the same way other roof coverings are (Chapter 15 rules) — § 1505.8.
  • Rooftop‑mounted PV (modules/panels mounted above the roof surface) must be tested/listed and identified with a fire classification per UL 2703, and the required fire class is set by the building/roof type per Table 1505.1 — § 1505.9. Listed systems must be installed in accordance with their listing and manufacturer’s instructions.

Test/listing standards and installation references

  • Rooftop-mounted PV: UL 2703 listing is explicitly required for the panel/mounting systems used on top of a roof (fire classification per UL 2703) — § 1505.9.
  • BIPV roof coverings / roof panels: the residential provisions identify UL 7103 as the listing standard for BIPV roof coverings and roof assemblies — follow the listing and Section 1507 installation rules for roof coverings (attachment, underlayment, etc.). file

Installation constraints called out elsewhere in the code

  • Listed systems must be installed per their listing and the manufacturer’s instructions; Chapter 15 also requires roof coverings be applied and installed per Section 1507 (installation rules) — § 1505.9 and § 1507.1. file
  • The solar‑systems section reinforces that PV panels/modules and inverters must be listed to the referenced UL standards and that fire classification requirements from Chapter 15 apply (see § 3111.3.1 – 3111.3.3).

Decision‑relevant dimensions (quick reference table)

Decision dimension Key values / what to check Code reference
Product type Is the PV a roof covering (BIPV) or mounted above the roof (rooftop PV)? § 1505.8 (BIPV) and § 1505.9 (rooftop PV).
Required listing/test standard BIPV: listed/labeled for roof classification (UL 7103 referenced in residential provisions); Rooftop PV: UL 2703 § 1505.8, § 1505.9, R329.3.1 (UL 7103 mention). file
Required fire Class (A/B/C) Must match the roof classification required for the building type per Table 1505.1 (see Table 1505.1 for specific mapping) § 1505.9 (references Table 1505.1).
Installation method Install per manufacturer’s instructions and the product listing; roof‑covering installation per § 1507 § 1505.9, § 1507.1. file
Elevated PV structures If panels are elevated over open‑grid framing/noncombustible deck, panels must be tested/listed with a fire type rating (UL 1703 or UL 61730 alternatives are cited in the solar sections) See 3111.3.5.1 and R329.7.1 for elevated PV specifics. file
Firefighter access / markings Fire code and residential sections require pathways, setbacks and markings for BIPV where hidden electrical hazards exist; exceptions exist for listed UL 3741 BIPV systems R329 series and 3111 access cross‑refs. file

Notes about Table 1505.1: § 1505.9 says the PV fire classification must comply with Table 1505.1 based on the building type, but the text of Table 1505.1 was not included in the retrieved excerpts I was given, so I cannot reproduce the specific Class A/B/C mapping here. Consult Table 1505.1 in Chapter 15 for the required roof class for your building type.

Exceptions & special cases

  • Elevated PV over open‑grid framing or a noncombustible deck: the code requires panels be tested/listed with a fire type rating (UL 1703 or UL 61730 alternatives are cited in elevated‑PV provisions) — elevated systems over open grid have different listing requirements than arrays over a roof assembly. See the elevated PV provisions in Chapter 31 and the R‑code parallels. file
  • Some BIPV products listed to specific standards (for example UL 3741 in the residential provisions) have an explicit exception permitting different firefighter‑cutting considerations if the listing demonstrates safer removal/cutting during firefighting operations. Check the product’s listing and the local fire code official’s acceptance.
  • Jurisdictional/local adoption: California’s solar chapter (Chapter 31 / Section 3111) repeats and cross‑references these rules; local enforcing agencies (and the fire code official) may impose additional access/pathway or setback requirements — review Section 3111 for system‑level requirements in addition to Chapter 15.

Common mistakes

  • Treating every PV module the same: BIPV (roof covering) and rooftop‑mounted PV (mounted above the roof) are treated differently in test/listing standards — don’t assume a UL 2703 label covers BIPV roof panels. See § 1505.8 and § 1505.9.
  • Installing a “not fire rated” module in a location that requires a listed fire classification — elevated PV over noncombustible decks and many rooftop applications require modules with a listed fire rating. Check the product label/listing.
  • Relying solely on the module manufacturer’s fire language without checking the system listing/mounting assembly listing: § 1505.9 requires listed systems be installed per their listing and manufacturer instructions.
  • Assuming Table 1505.1’s required class: the roof assembly classification requirement is set by Table 1505.1 — do not skip verifying the building’s required roof class. (Table 1505.1 text is not included in the retrieved excerpts here.)

Worked example — applying the rule (process, with numbers you verify)

Scenario: You plan to install a rooftop‑mounted PV array on an existing commercial building.

  1. Identify product type: rooftop‑mounted PV (panels will be mounted above the existing roof covering). This invokes § 1505.9 requirements.
  2. Determine required roof fire class: look up the building/roof type in Table 1505.1 to find whether the roof assembly for that building requires Class A, B or C. (I do not have the table text in the retrieved files; consult Chapter 15 Table 1505.1 in your copy of the CBC.)
  3. Check product/system listing: select a PV module + mounting system that is UL 2703 listed and shows the fire classification needed (or a listed system whose listing demonstrates compliance with the required class). § 1505.9 requires UL 2703 classification for rooftop systems.
  4. Confirm the installed system (module + rails + attachments) is installed exactly per the manufacturer’s instructions and the product listing — the code explicitly requires listed systems to be installed in accordance with their listings. If the listing covers only modules but not the final mounted system, obtain the system/mounting assembly listing.
  5. For elevated or unusual mounting (for example panels elevated on a rack over a roof deck), check the elevated PV provisions — if your array is elevated over an open grid framing or noncombustible deck, the code requires panels have a fire type rating such as UL 1703 or UL 61730 per the elevated PV sections.

Checklist (numeric/verifiable items for the installer/plan reviewer):

  • Confirm product listing standard: UL 2703 for rooftop systems; UL 7103 for BIPV roof coverings where referenced in residential rules. file
  • Confirm required roof class from Table 1505.1.
  • Confirm final installed system is listed and installed per listing/manufacturer instructions.

Related provisions (quick pointers)

  • Solar PV system requirements and listings: § 3111.3.1 – 3111.3.3 (Chapter 31 solar energy; cross‑references to fire classification).
  • Chapter 15 roof fire classification and roof‑covering installation: § 1505.8, § 1505.9, and § 1507 (installation rules) — primary controlling text for PV fire classification and roof covering installation. file
  • Elevated PV and mounting specifics: 3111 elevated PV subsections (3111.3.5.1/3111.3.5.2) and R‑code equivalents (R329.7.1/R329.7.2). file
  • Residential parallels: R329 / R907 and R902.3–R902.4 discuss BIPV and rooftop‑mounted PV fire classification and UL standards in the California Residential Code. file

Code references

Grounded in the retrieved California Building Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

  • CBC § 3110.3 High relevance — show source text

    3110.3 Vehicular gate openers. Vehicular gate openers, where provided, shall be listed in accordance with UL 325.

    SECTION 3111—SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS

    3111.1 General. Solar energy systems shall comply with the requirements of this section.

    3111.1.1 Wind resistance. Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic (PV) panel systems and solar thermal collectors shall be designed in accordance with Section 1609.

    Exception: [DSA-SS, DSA-SS/CC, HCD-1, HCD-2] Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic (PV) panel systems and solar thermal collectors shall be designed in accordance with Section 1511.10 of this code.

    2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE 31-11

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    SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION

    3111.1.2 Roof live load. Roof structures that provide support for solar energy systems shall be designed in accordance with Section 1607.15.

    3111.2 Solar thermal systems. Solar thermal systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with this section, the California Plumbing Code, the California Mechanical Code and the California Fire Code . Where light-transmitting plastic covers are used, solar thermal collectors shall be designed in accordance with Section 2606.12.

    3111.2.1 Equipment. Solar thermal systems and components shall be listed and labeled in accordance with ICC 900/SRCC 300 and ICC 901/SRCC 100.

    3111.3 Photovoltaic solar energy systems. Photovoltaic solar energy systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with this section, the California Fire Code, the California Electrical Code and the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

    3111.3.1 Equipment. Photovoltaic panels and modules shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 1703 or with both UL 61730-1 and UL 61730-2. Inverters shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 1741. Systems connected to the utility grid shall use inverters listed for utility interaction.

    3111.3.2 Fire classification. Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic (PV) panel systems shall have a fire classification in accordance with Section 1505.9. Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems installed as roof coverings shall have a fire classification in accordance with Section 1505.8.

    3111.3.3 Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems. BIPV systems installed as roof coverings shall be designed and installed in accordance with Section 1507.

    [F] 3111.3.4 Access and pathways. Roof access, pathways and spacing requirements shall be provided in accordance with Section 1205 of the California Fire Code .

    3111.3.5 Elevated photovoltaic (PV) support structures. Elevated PV support structures shall comply with either Section 3111.3.5.1 or 3111.3.5.2.

    Exception: Elevated PV support structures that are installed over agricultural uses.

  • CBC § 3111.2.1 High relevance — show source text

    3111.2.1 Equipment. Solar thermal systems and components shall be listed and labeled in accordance with ICC 900/SRCC 300 and ICC 901/SRCC 100.

    3111.3 Photovoltaic solar energy systems. Photovoltaic solar energy systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with this section, the California Fire Code, the California Electrical Code and the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

    3111.3.1 Equipment. Photovoltaic panels and modules shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 1703 or with both UL 61730-1 and UL 61730-2. Inverters shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 1741. Systems connected to the utility grid shall use inverters listed for utility interaction.

    3111.3.2 Fire classification. Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic (PV) panel systems shall have a fire classification in accordance with Section 1505.9. Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems installed as roof coverings shall have a fire classification in accordance with Section 1505.8.

    3111.3.3 Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems. BIPV systems installed as roof coverings shall be designed and installed in accordance with Section 1507.

    [F] 3111.3.4 Access and pathways. Roof access, pathways and spacing requirements shall be provided in accordance with Section 1205 of the California Fire Code .

    3111.3.5 Elevated photovoltaic (PV) support structures. Elevated PV support structures shall comply with either Section 3111.3.5.1 or 3111.3.5.2.

    Exception: Elevated PV support structures that are installed over agricultural uses.

    3111.3.5.1 Photovoltaic (PV) panels installed over open-grid framing or a noncombustible deck. Elevated PV support structures with PV panels installed over open-grid framing or over a noncombustible deck shall have PV panels tested, listed and labeled with a fire type rating in accordance with UL 1703 or with both UL 61730-1 and UL 61730-2. Photovoltaic panels marked “not fire rated” shall not be installed on elevated PV support structures.

    3111.3.5.2 Photovoltaic (PV) panels installed over a roof assembly. Elevated PV support structures with a PV panel system installed over a roof assembly shall have a fire classification in accordance with Section 1505.9.

    3111.3.6 Ground-mounted photovoltaic (PV) panel systems. Ground-mounted photovoltaic panel systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with Chapter 16 and the California Fire Code .

    3111.3.6.1 Fire separation distances. Ground-mounted photovoltaic panel systems shall be subject to the fire separation distance requirements determined by the local jurisdiction.

    SECTION 3112—GREENHOUSES

    3112.1 General. The provisions of this section shall apply to greenhouses that are designed and used for the cultivation, maintenance, or protection of plants.

    [BE] 3112.2 Accessibility. Greenhouses shall be accessible in accordance with Chapter 11. [HCD 1] Greenhouses accessory to covered multifamily dwellings, as defined in Chapter 2, used as a common use facility, shall be on an accessible route in accordance with Chapter 11A.

    3112.3 Structural design. Greenhouses shall comply with the structural design requirements for greenhouses in Chapter 16.

  • CBC § 1505.3 High relevance — show source text
    1. Class A roof assemblies include slate installed over ASTM D226, Type II or ASTM D4869, Type IV underlayment over combustible decks.

    [BF] 1505.3 Class B roof assemblies. Class B roof assemblies are those that are effective against moderate fire-test exposure. Class B roof assemblies and roof coverings shall be listed and identified as Class B by an approved testing agency.

    [BF] 1505.4 Class C roof assemblies. Class C roof assemblies are those that are effective against light fire-test exposure. Class C roof assemblies and roof coverings shall be listed and identified as Class C by an approved testing agency.

    [BF] 1505.5 Nonclassified roofing. Nonclassified roofing is approved material that is not listed as a Class A, B or C roof covering assembly or roof covering.

    [BF] 1505.6 Fire-retardant-treated wood shingles and shakes. Fire-retardant-treated wood shakes and shingles are wood shakes and shingles complying with UBC Standard 15-3 or 15-4 which are impregnated by the full-cell vacuum-pressure process with fire-retar- dant chemicals, and which have been qualified by UBC Standard 15-2 or ASTM E108 or UL 790 for use on Class A, B or C roofs.

    Fire-retardant-treated wood shakes and shingles shall comply with ICC-ES EG107 and with the weathering requirements contained in Health and Safety Code Section 13132.7(j). Each bundle shall bear labels from an ICC accredited quality control agency identifying their roof-covering classification and indicating their compliance with ICC-ES EG107 and with the weathering requirements contained in Health and Safety Code Section 13132.7(j).

    Health and Safety Code Section 13132.7(j). No wood roof covering materials shall be sold or applied in this state unless both of the following conditions are met: (1) The materials have been approved and listed by the State Fire Marshal as complying with the requirements of this section. (2) The materials have passed at least five years of the 10-year natural weathering test. The 10-year natural weathering test required by this subdivision shall be conducted in accordance with standard 15-2 of the 1994 edition of the Uniform Building Code at a testing facility recognized by the State Fire Marshal.

    [BF] 1505.7 Special purpose roofs. Special purpose wood shingle or wood shake roofing shall conform to the grading and application requirements of Section 1507.8 or 1507.9. In addition, an underlayment of [5] / 8 -inch (15.9 mm) Type X water-resistant gypsum backing board or gypsum sheathing shall be placed under minimum nominal [1] / 2 -inch-thick (12.7 mm) wood structural panel solid sheathing or 1-inch (25 mm) nominal spaced sheathing.

    [BF] 1505.8 Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems. BIPV products installed as the roof covering shall be tested, listed and labeled for fire classification in accordance with Section 1505.1.

    [BF] 1505.9 Rooftop mounted photovoltaic (PV) panel systems. Rooftop mounted photovoltaic (PV) panel systems shall be tested, listed and identified with a fire classification in accordance with UL 2703. Listed systems shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions and their listing. The fire classification shall comply with Table 1505.1 based on the type of construction of the building.

  • CBC § 1.2 High relevance — show source text

    R902.1.2 Roof coverings in all other areas other than Fire Hazard Severity Zones or a Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) area. The entire roof covering of every existing structure where more than 50 percent of the total roof area is replaced within any one-year period, the entire roof covering of every new structure, and any roof covering applied in the alteration, repair or replacement of the roof of every existing structure, shall be a fire-retardant roof covering that is at least Class C fire classification.

    R902.2 Fire-retardant-treated shingles and shakes. Fire-retardant-treated wood shakes and shingles are wood shakes and shin- gles complying with UBC Standard 15-3 or 15-4 which are impregnated by the full-cell vacuum-pressure process with fire-retardant chemicals, and which have been qualified by UBC Standard 15-2 or ASTM E108 or UL 790 for use on Class A, B or C roofs. Fire-retardant- treated wood shakes and shingles shall comply with ICC-ES EG107 and with the weathering requirements contained in Health and Safety Code Section 13132.7 (j). Each bundle shall bear labels from an ICBO accredited quality control agency identifying their roof-covering classification and indicating their compliance with ICC-ES EG107 and with the weathering requirements contained in Health and Safety Code Section 13132.7 (j).

    Health and Safety Code Section 13132.7 (j) No wood roof covering materials shall be sold or applied in this state unless both of the following conditions are met: (1) The materials have been approved and listed by the State Fire Marshal as complying with the requirements of this section. (2) The materials have passed at least five years of the 10-year natural weathering test. The 10-year natural weathering test required by this subdivision shall be conducted in accordance with Standard 15-2 of the 1994 edition of the Uniform Building Code at a testing facility recognized by the State Fire Marshal.

    R902.3 Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems. Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems installed as the roof covering shall be tested, listed and labeled for fire classification in accordance with UL 7103 [SFM] Section R902.1 through R902.1.2. Class A, B or C BIPV products shall be installed where the edge of the roof is less than 3 feet (914 mm) from a lot line.

    R902.4 Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic (PV) panel systems. Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic (PV) panel systems installed on or above the roof covering shall be tested, listed and identified with a fire classification in accordance with UL 2703. Listed systems shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions and their listing. Class A, B or C photovoltaic panel systems

    2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE 9-3

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    ROOF ASSEMBLIES

    and modules shall be installed in jurisdictions designated by law as requiring their use or where the edge of the roof is less than 3 feet (914 mm) from a lot line.

    SECTION R903—WEATHER PROTECTION

  • CBC § 1505.7 High relevance — show source text

    [BF] 1505.7 Special purpose roofs. Special purpose wood shingle or wood shake roofing shall conform to the grading and application requirements of Section 1507.8 or 1507.9. In addition, an underlayment of [5] / 8 -inch (15.9 mm) Type X water-resistant gypsum backing board or gypsum sheathing shall be placed under minimum nominal [1] / 2 -inch-thick (12.7 mm) wood structural panel solid sheathing or 1-inch (25 mm) nominal spaced sheathing.

    [BF] 1505.8 Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems. BIPV products installed as the roof covering shall be tested, listed and labeled for fire classification in accordance with Section 1505.1.

    [BF] 1505.9 Rooftop mounted photovoltaic (PV) panel systems. Rooftop mounted photovoltaic (PV) panel systems shall be tested, listed and identified with a fire classification in accordance with UL 2703. Listed systems shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions and their listing. The fire classification shall comply with Table 1505.1 based on the type of construction of the building.

    [BF] 1505.10 Landscaped and vegetative roofs. Landscaped and vegetative roofs shall comply with Sections 1505.1 and 1507.15. Vegetative roofs shall be installed in accordance with ANSI/SPRI VF-1.

    SECTION 1506—MATERIALS

    1506.1 Scope. The requirements set forth in this section shall apply to the application of roof-covering materials specified herein. Roof coverings shall be applied in accordance with this chapter and the roof covering listing as required by Section 1505. Installation of roof coverings shall comply with the applicable provisions of Section 1507.

    1506.2 Material specifications and physical characteristics. Roof-covering materials shall conform to the applicable standards listed in this chapter.

    15-6 2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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    ROOF ASSEMBLIES AND ROOFTOP STRUCTURES

    1506.3 Product identification. Roof-covering materials shall be delivered in packages bearing the manufacturer’s identifying marks and approved testing agency labels required in accordance with Section 1505. Bulk shipments of materials shall be accompanied with the same information issued in the form of a certificate or on a bill of lading by the manufacturer.

    SECTION 1507—REQUIREMENTS FOR ROOF COVERINGS

    1507.1 Scope. Roof coverings shall be applied in accordance with the applicable provisions of this section and the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

  • CBC § 1.2. High relevance — show source text

    R902.3 Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems. Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems installed as the roof covering shall be tested, listed and labeled for fire classification in accordance with UL 7103 [SFM] Section R902.1 through R902.1.2. Class A, B or C BIPV products shall be installed where the edge of the roof is less than 3 feet (914 mm) from a lot line.

    R902.4 Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic (PV) panel systems. Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic (PV) panel systems installed on or above the roof covering shall be tested, listed and identified with a fire classification in accordance with UL 2703. Listed systems shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions and their listing. Class A, B or C photovoltaic panel systems

    2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE 9-3

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    ROOF ASSEMBLIES

    and modules shall be installed in jurisdictions designated by law as requiring their use or where the edge of the roof is less than 3 feet (914 mm) from a lot line.

    SECTION R903—WEATHER PROTECTION

    R903.1 General. Roof decks shall be covered with approved roof coverings secured to the building or structure in accordance with the provisions of this chapter. Roof assemblies shall be designed and installed in accordance with this code and the approved manufacturer’s instructions such that the roof assembly shall serve to protect the building or structure.

    R903.2 Flashing. Flashings shall be installed in a manner that prevents moisture from entering the wall and roof through joints in copings, through moisture permeable materials and at intersections with parapet walls and other penetrations through the roof plane.

    R903.2.1 Locations. Flashings shall be installed at wall and roof intersections, wherever there is a change in roof slope or direction and around roof openings. A flashing shall be installed to divert the water away from where the eave of a sloped roof intersects a vertical sidewall. Where flashing is of metal, the metal shall be corrosion resistant with a thickness of not less than 0.019 inch (0.5 mm) (No. 26 galvanized sheet).

    R903.2.2 Crickets and saddles. A cricket or saddle shall be installed on the ridge side of any chimney or penetration more than 30 inches (762 mm) wide as measured perpendicular to the slope. Cricket or saddle coverings shall be sheet metal or of the same material as the roof covering.

    Exception: Unit skylights installed in accordance with Section R324.6 and flashed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions shall be permitted to be installed without a cricket or saddle.

    R903.3 Coping. Parapet walls shall be properly coped with noncombustible, weatherproof materials of a width not less than the thickness of the parapet wall.

    R903.4 Roof drainage. Unless roofs are sloped to drain over roof edges, roof drains shall be installed at each low point of the roof.

    R903.4.1 Secondary (emergency overflow) drains or scuppers. Where roof drains are required, secondary emergency overflow roof drains or scuppers shall be provided where the roof perimeter construction extends above the roof in such a manner that water will be entrapped if the primary drains allow buildup for any reason.

  • CBC § 4.1.1 High relevance — show source text

    R329.4.1.1 Roof load. Portions of roof structures not covered with photovoltaic panel systems shall be designed for dead loads and roof loads in accordance with Sections R301.4 and R301.6. Portions of roof structures covered with photovoltaic panel systems shall be designed for the following load cases:

    1. Dead load (including photovoltaic panel weight) plus snow load in accordance with Table R301.2.
    2. Dead load (excluding photovoltaic panel weight) plus roof live load or snow load, whichever is greater, in accordance with Section R301.6.

    R329.4.1.2 Wind load. Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic panel or module systems and their supports shall be designed and installed to resist the component and cladding loads specified in Table R301.2.1(1), adjusted for height and exposure in accordance with Table R301.2.1(2).

    R329.4.2 Fire classification. Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic panel systems shall have the same fire classification as the roof assembly required in Section R902.

    R329.4.3 Roof penetrations. Roof penetrations shall be flashed and sealed in accordance with Chapter 9.

    R329.5 Building-integrated photovoltaic systems. Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with Sections R329.5.1 through R329.5.2.

    R329.5.1 BIPV roofing systems. BIPV roofing systems shall comply with Section R905.15. BIPV roof panels shall comply with Section R905.16.

    R329.5.1.1 Fire classification. Building-integrated photovoltaic systems shall have a fire classification in accordance with Section R902.3.

    R329.5.2 BIPV exterior wall coverings and fenestration. BIPV exterior wall coverings and fenestration shall comply with Section R705.

    R329.6 Roof access and pathways. Roof access, pathways and setback requirements shall be provided in accordance with Sections R329.6.1 through R329.6.2.1. Access and minimum spacing shall be required to provide emergency access to the roof, to provide pathways to specific areas of the roof, provide for smoke ventilation opportunity areas, and to provide emergency egress from the roof.

    Exceptions:

    1. Detached, nonhabitable structures, including but not limited to detached garages, parking shade structures, carports, solar trellises and similar structures, shall not be required to provide roof access.
    2. Roof access, pathways and setbacks need not be provided where the enforcing agency has determined that rooftop operations will not be employed.
    3. These requirements shall not apply to roofs with slopes of 2 units vertical in 12 units horizontal (17-percent slope) or less.
    4. BIPV systems listed in accordance with UL 3741, where the removal or cutting away of portions of the BIPV system during firefighting operations has been determined to not expose a firefighter to electrical shock hazards.
  • CBC § 714.2 High relevance — show source text

    Installation 714.2

    Shaft enclosures 712.1, 713.1, 713.8, 713.10 Smoke barriers 709.6, 709.8, 714.5.4 Smoke partitions 710.6, 710.7 Special inspection 1705.18 Walls 714.4

    Nonfire-resistant assemblies 714.6

    Penthouse 713.12.1, 1011.12.2, 1023.7.2,

    1511.2.4 Performance Category Wood structural panels 2303.1.5 Performance-Based Application Appendix O Perlite Table 721.1(1), Table 2507.2 Permits 105 Application for 104.3, 105.1, 105.3 Drawings and specifications 107.2.1 Expiration 105.5 Fees 109 Liability for issuing 104.8 Placement of permit 105.7 Plan review 104.3, 107.3 Suspension or revocation 105.6 Time limitations 105.3.2, 105.5 Personal Care Service

    [see Educational Occupancy (Group E)] 305.2 Photovoltaic Shingles 1507.16, 1505.8, 1512 Ballasted, seismic design 1613.4 Fire classification 1505.8, 1505.9 Power systems 903.3.1.1.4 Roof live loads 1607.14.3.1 Rooftop mounted 1505.9, 1511.7, 1511.10, 1511.10.1, 1603.1.8.1,

    1606.4 Photovoltaic, Building-Integrated (BIPV) Roof Covering 1505.8, Tables 1507.1.1(1)–1507.1.1(3), 1507.16, 1512 Photovoltaic, Building-Integrated (BIPV) Roof Panel 1505.8, 1507.17, 1512 Photovoltaic, Building-Integrated (BIPV) System 1505.8, 1512 Photovoltaic (PV) Module 1505.8, 1511.10, 1511.10.1, 1603.1.8.1, 1606.4, 1607.14.3.2 Photovoltaic (PV) Panel 1505.8, 1511.10, 1511.10.1, 1603.1.8.1, 1606.4, 1607.14.3.2 Photovoltaic (PV) Panel System, Ground Mounted 1604.5.2, 1607.14.3.4, 3111.3.6 Photovoltaic (PV) Support Structure, Elevated 1604.5.2, 1607.14.3.3, 3111.3.5 Photovoltaic Panel Systems 1604.5.2, 1607.14.3, 1613.4

    Certificates (see Certificate of Occupancy) Change (see Change of Occupancy) Floor loads Table 1607.1 Height in mixed occupancy buildings 504.2

    Roofs

  • CBC § 3.1 High relevance — show source text

    R329.3 Photovoltaic systems. Photovoltaic ( PV ) systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with Sections R329.3.1 through R329.8.1 and the manufacturer’s installation instructions. The electrical portion of solar PV systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with the California Electrical Code.

    R329.3.1 Equipment listings. Photovoltaic panels and modules shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 1703 or with both UL 61730-1 and UL 61730-2. Inverters shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 1741. Systems connected to the utility grid shall use inverters listed for utility interaction. Mounting systems listed and labeled in accordance with UL 2703 shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions and their listings. Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) roof coverings and BIPV roof assemblies shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 7103.

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    BUILDING PLANNING

    R329.4 Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic systems. Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic panel systems installed on or above the roof covering shall be designed and installed in accordance with this section.

    R329.4.1 Structural requirements. Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic panel systems shall be designed to structurally support the system and withstand applicable gravity loads in accordance with Chapter 3. The roof on which these systems are installed shall be designed and constructed to support the loads imposed by such systems in accordance with Chapter 8.

    R329.4.1.1 Roof load. Portions of roof structures not covered with photovoltaic panel systems shall be designed for dead loads and roof loads in accordance with Sections R301.4 and R301.6. Portions of roof structures covered with photovoltaic panel systems shall be designed for the following load cases:

    1. Dead load (including photovoltaic panel weight) plus snow load in accordance with Table R301.2.
    2. Dead load (excluding photovoltaic panel weight) plus roof live load or snow load, whichever is greater, in accordance with Section R301.6.

    R329.4.1.2 Wind load. Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic panel or module systems and their supports shall be designed and installed to resist the component and cladding loads specified in Table R301.2.1(1), adjusted for height and exposure in accordance with Table R301.2.1(2).

    R329.4.2 Fire classification. Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic panel systems shall have the same fire classification as the roof assembly required in Section R902.

    R329.4.3 Roof penetrations. Roof penetrations shall be flashed and sealed in accordance with Chapter 9.

    R329.5 Building-integrated photovoltaic systems. Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with Sections R329.5.1 through R329.5.2.

    R329.5.1 BIPV roofing systems. BIPV roofing systems shall comply with Section R905.15. BIPV roof panels shall comply with Section R905.16.

    R329.5.1.1 Fire classification. Building-integrated photovoltaic systems shall have a fire classification in accordance with Section R902.3.

  • CBC § 16.6 High relevance — show source text

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    ROOF ASSEMBLIES

    R905.16.6 Attachment. BIPV roof panels shall be attached in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

    R905.16.7 Wind resistance of BIPV roof panels. BIPV roof panels shall be tested in accordance with UL 7103 and installed to resist the component and cladding loads specified in Table R301.2.1(1), adjusted for height and exposure in accordance with Table R301.2.1(2).

    SECTION R906—ROOF INSULATION

    R906.1 General. Where above-deck thermal insulation is installed, such insulation shall be covered with an approved roof covering and shall comply with NFPA 276 or UL 1256.

    R906.2 Material standards. Above-deck thermal insulation board shall comply with the standards in Table R906.2.

    TABLE R906.2—MATERIAL STANDARDS FOR ROOF INSULATION Col2
    MATERIAL STANDARD
    Cellular glass board ASTM C552or ASTM C1902
    Composite boards ASTM C1289, Type III, IV, V or VI
    Expanded polystyrene ASTM C578
    Extruded polystyrene board ASTM C578
    Fiber-reinforced gypsum board ASTM C1278
    Glass-faced gypsum board ASTM C1177
    Mineral wool board ASTM C726
    Perlite board ASTM C728
    Polyisocyanurate board ASTM C1289, Type I or II
    Wood fiberboard ASTM C208

    SECTION R907—ROOFTOP-MOUNTED PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL SYSTEMS

    R907.1 Rooftop-mounted (PV) photovoltaic panel systems. Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic panel systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with Section R329 and the California Electrical Code .

    R907.2 Fire classification. Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic panel systems shall have the fire classification as required by Section R902.4.

    R907.3 Installation. Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic panel systems shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

    R907.4 Photovoltaic panels and modules. Photovoltaic panel systems mounted on top of a roof shall be listed and labeled in accor- dance with UL 2703 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

    R907.5 Fire safety provisions for photovoltaic panel system. Solar photovoltaic panel systems installed upon a roof or as an integral part of a roof assembly shall comply with the requirements of this code and the California Fire Code.

    SECTION R908—REROOFING

    R908.1 General. Materials and methods of application used for recovering or replacing an existing roof covering shall comply with the requirements of this chapter.

  • CBC § 4.1 High relevance — show source text

    SECTION R907—ROOFTOP-MOUNTED PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL SYSTEMS

    R907.1 Rooftop-mounted (PV) photovoltaic panel systems. Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic panel systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with Section R329 and the California Electrical Code .

    R907.2 Fire classification. Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic panel systems shall have the fire classification as required by Section R902.4.

    R907.3 Installation. Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic panel systems shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

    R907.4 Photovoltaic panels and modules. Photovoltaic panel systems mounted on top of a roof shall be listed and labeled in accor- dance with UL 2703 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

    R907.5 Fire safety provisions for photovoltaic panel system. Solar photovoltaic panel systems installed upon a roof or as an integral part of a roof assembly shall comply with the requirements of this code and the California Fire Code.

    SECTION R908—REROOFING

    R908.1 General. Materials and methods of application used for recovering or replacing an existing roof covering shall comply with the requirements of this chapter.

    Exceptions:

    1. Reroofing shall not be required to meet the minimum design slope requirement of one-quarter unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope) in Section R905 for roofs that provide positive roof drainage.
    2. For roofs that provide positive drainage, recovering or replacing an existing roof covering shall not require the secondary (emergency overflow) drains or scuppers of Section R903.4.1 to be added to an existing roof.

    R908.2 Structural and construction loads. The structural roof components shall be capable of supporting the roof covering system and the material and equipment loads that will be encountered during installation of the roof covering system.

    R908.3 Roof replacement. Roof replacement shall include the removal of existing layers of roof coverings down to the roof deck.

    Exceptions:

    1. Where the existing roof assembly includes an ice barrier membrane that is adhered to the roof deck and the existing sheathing is not water soaked or deteriorated to the point that it is not adequate as a base for additional roofing, the existing ice barrier membrane shall be permitted to remain in place and covered with an additional layer of ice barrier membrane in accordance with Section R905 where permitted by the roof covering manufacturer and new ice barrier underlayment manufacturer.
    2. Where the existing roof includes a self-adhered underlayment and the existing sheathing is not water soaked or deteriorated to the point that it is not adequate as a base for additional roofing, the existing self-adhered underlayment shall be

    2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE 9-19

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    �

    ROOF ASSEMBLIES

    permitted to remain in place and covered with an underlayment complying with Table R905.1.1(1), Table R905.1.1(2) and Table R905.1.1(3). 3.

  • CBC § 1.5.3 High relevance — show source text

    Where approved by the building official, the classification of buildings and other structures as Risk Category III or IV based on their quantities of toxic, highly toxic or explosive
    materials is permitted to be reduced to Risk Category II, provided that it can be demonstrated by a hazard assessment in accordance with Section 1.5.3 of ASCE 7 that a release
    of the toxic, highly toxic or explosive materials is not sufficient to pose a threat to the public.|a. For purposes of occupant load calculation, occupancies required by Table 1004.5 to use gross floor area calculations shall be permitted to use net floor areas to determine the
    total occupant load. The floor area for vehicular drive aisles shall be permitted to be excluded in the determination of net floor area in parking garages.
    b. Where approved by the building official, the classification of buildings and other structures as Risk Category III or IV based on their quantities of toxic, highly toxic or explosive
    materials is permitted to be reduced to Risk Category II, provided that it can be demonstrated by a hazard assessment in accordance with Section 1.5.3 of ASCE 7 that a release
    of the toxic, highly toxic or explosive materials is not sufficient to pose a threat to the public.|

    1604.5.1 Multiple occupancies. Where a building or structure is occupied by two or more occupancies not included in the same risk category, it shall be assigned the classification of the highest risk category corresponding to the various occupancies. Where buildings or structures have two or more portions that are structurally separated, each portion shall be separately classified.

    2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE 16-7

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    STRUCTURAL DESIGN

    Where a separated portion of a building or structure provides required access to, required egress from or shares life safety systems, designated seismic systems, emergency power systems, or emergency and egress lighting systems with another portion having a higher risk category, or provides required electrical, communications, mechanical, plumbing or conveying support to another portion assigned to Risk Category IV, both portions shall be assigned to the higher risk category. Exception: Where a storm shelter designed and constructed in accordance with ICC 500 is provided in a building, structure or portion thereof normally occupied for other purposes, the risk category for the normal occupancy of the building shall apply unless the storm shelter is a designated emergency shelter in accordance with Table 1604.5. 1604.5.2 Photovoltaic (PV) panel systems. Photovoltaic (PV) panel systems and elevated PV support structures shall be assigned a risk category as follows:

    1. Ground-mounted PV panel systems serving only Group R-3 buildings shall be assigned to Risk Category I.
    2. Ground-mounted PV panel systems other than those described in Items 1 and 5 shall be assigned to Risk Category II.
    3. Elevated PV support structures other than those described in Items 4, 5 and 6 shall be assigned to Risk Category II.
    4. Rooftop-mounted PV panel systems and elevated PV support structures installed on top of buildings shall be assigned to the same risk category as the risk category of the building on which they are mounted.
    5. PV panel systems and elevated PV support structures paired with energy storage systems (ESS) and serving as a dedicated, stand-alone source of backup power for Risk Category IV buildings shall be assigned to Risk Category IV.
    6. Elevated PV support structures where the usable space underneath is used for parking of emergency vehicles shall be assigned to Risk Category IV. **1604.6 In-situ load tests.

Frequently asked questions

Do rooftop PV panels always need a fire classification label?

Yes — rooftop‑mounted PV panel systems must be tested, listed and identified with a fire classification in accordance with UL 2703 and the required roof class per Table 1505.1; listed systems must be installed per their listing and instructions (see § 1505.9).

Are BIPV roof panels treated the same as PV modules mounted above the roof?

No — BIPV that serve as the roof covering are treated as roof coverings and must be tested/listed/labeled for roof fire classification under the roof‑covering rules (Chapter 15, § 1505.8). Rooftop‑mounted PV over a roof covering is addressed in § 1505.9 and uses UL 2703 listings.

If a PV module is UL 2703 listed, can it be used as a BIPV roof covering?

Not automatically. BIPV roof coverings are treated as roof coverings and residential provisions reference UL 7103 for BIPV roof coverings/assemblies; confirm the product is specifically listed for use as a roof covering and meets the roof classification requirements in § 1505.8 and Section 1507. file

What if my product label says “not fire rated”?

Modules labeled “not fire rated” are not acceptable where the code requires a fire classification (for rooftop PV that must meet the roof’s required class, or for elevated PV in some situations). The code specifically prohibits installation of modules marked “not fire rated” in elevated/open‑grid framing scenarios described in the solar sections.

Where do I find the exact Class (A/B/C) my building requires?

The required roof class for your building and construction type is given in Table 1505.1 (Chapter 15). The code text for § 1505.9 references Table 1505.1; the Table itself must be consulted to determine the required classification.

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