CBC · California Building Code

When do automatic sprinklers change required fire‑resistance ratings or allow exceptions?

In the CBC, fire‑resistance ratings are assigned without credit for sprinklers except where the code explicitly allows reductions tied to specific sections (for example, some high‑rise construction reductions and shaft reductions when sprinklers and required monitoring are installed). Many exceptions require the building to be sprinklered “throughout” per Section 903.3.1.1; alternative extinguishing systems generally cannot be substituted for these sprinkler‑based reductions. The text of § 703.2.3 (which § 703.2 references) was not included in the uploaded files, so its specific language could not be cited here.

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Last reviewed: July 5, 2026

What the code requires — 2-4 sentences

The CBC generally requires that fire‑resistance ratings be determined without credit for automatic sprinklers (see § 703.2). Where the code does allow reductions or alternative treatment because sprinklers are provided, that relief is specifically called out in other sections — for example, reductions tied to building height/ construction type (§ 403.2.1.1), shaft enclosures (§ 403.2.1.2) and multiple location‑specific exceptions that require a sprinkler system installed “throughout” in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 (§ 903). The CBC text for § 703.2 shows the baseline rule and points to § 703.2.3 for any sprinkler‑credited methods, but the uploaded files do not include the printed text of § 703.2.3 itself so that subsection could not be quoted directly.

Requirements in detail

Baseline rule — fire‑resistance ratings are determined without sprinklers

  • The starting principle in the CBC: the required fire‑resistance rating of building elements is determined by test or analytic methods without incorporating any automatic sprinkler or other suppression system, unless a specific section allows otherwise. See § 703.2.

Note: § 703.2 explicitly references § 703.2.3 as the alternate path; the uploaded files include § 703.2 but not the body text of § 703.2.3, so I cannot state the content of § 703.2.3 from the provided files.

Where the presence of sprinklers does allow reductions or exceptions (selected, code‑text examples)

The CBC contains multiple, specific places where an automatic sprinkler system installed throughout (or in a defined arrangement) allows a reduction in fire‑resistance rating or an alternate protective approach. The most common patterns are:

  • Occupancy/construction‑type reductions tied to sprinklers (e.g., Table/Chapter 5 modifications and reduced required ratings for certain construction types) — see § 403.2.1.1.
  • Vertical shaft/shaft enclosure rating reductions when sprinklers are installed within the shaft at required locations — see § 403.2.1.2.
  • Specific assemblies or separations permitted to have lower ratings in buildings "equipped throughout" with a sprinkler system as defined by Section 903.3.1.1 (examples include dwelling unit separations, certain corridor and tenant separations, opening protectives exceptions, and atrium/vertical opening treatments) — see multiple sections that reference protection “throughout” by § 903.3.1.1.

Below is a decision table that captures the dimensions you will use when deciding whether sprinklers change a required rating or permit an exception.

Decision dimension Trigger / value that matters What the sprinkler can do Code reference (section shown in uploaded files)
Is the building “equipped throughout” with an automatic sprinkler system per CBC? Yes / No (must meet § 903.3.1.1 coverage) Enables many exceptions (corridor reductions, certain separations, vertical opening alternatives) § 903 (see § 903.3.1.1 references)
Type of element Corridor wall, dwelling/sleeping unit separation, shaft enclosure, vertical opening, structural element Specific reductions (e.g., corridor or dwelling separations to 1/2 hour; shafts may be reduced to 1 hour; vertical openings may accept sprinkler protection in lieu of 1‑hr construction) Corridor / dwelling unit example: § 708.3; Shaft reductions: § 403.2.1.2; vertical openings/atrium: § 1103.4.4
Location/installation specifics Sprinklers “within shafts at the top and at alternate floor levels”; sprinkler control valves with supervisory devices & waterflow devices per floor Allow lowering required fire‑resistance ratings for vertical shafts and permit some construction reductions tied to high‑rise rules § 403.2.1.2 and § 403.2.1 (requirements for devices)
Use of alternative suppression system Automatic fire‑extinguishing systems (not standard wet‑pipe sprinklers) used instead Alternatives are not allowed to serve as the basis for sprinkler exceptions/reductions unless explicitly approved — you cannot substitute another system to get sprinkler reductions § 904.2.1 (restriction)
Existing building evaluation / retrofit Sprinklers added throughout an existing building (approved by code official) Code official may permit required fire‑resistance ratings to meet current code where sprinklers are added and approved evaluation submitted California Existing Building Code § 501.2

How to apply § 703.2 in practice

  • Treat § 703.2 as the rule that ratings are assigned without sprinkler credit. Search for explicit authorizing sections elsewhere in the code (many are in Chapter 4/7/9 or in specific occupancy chapters) before assuming a sprinkler allows a rating reduction.

Exceptions & special cases

  • “Equipped throughout” phrase matters: many exceptions require sprinklers to be installed throughout the building in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 (the code repeatedly conditions reductions on this). Always confirm the system meets the applicable NFPA/903 design and that required coverage (including attics, shaft spaces, etc.) is provided.
  • Shaft enclosures: the code permits reducing the required fire‑resistance rating of fire barriers enclosing vertical shafts (non‑stair/elevator) to 1 hour only where sprinklers are installed at the top and at alternate floor levels. This is a narrow, prescriptive allowance — do not generalize it to other types of shaft or enclosure work. § 403.2.1.2.
  • High‑rise and specific construction reductions: reductions to required fire‑resistance ratings for building elements (e.g., allowing Type IA to have Type IB ratings) are permitted only under the high‑rise provisions and where sprinkler monitoring and supervisory/waterflow devices per floor are provided. Read § 403.2.1.1 and related paragraphs carefully.
  • Existing buildings: the California Existing Building Code permits the code official to allow fire‑resistance ratings to be brought to current code if the building is retrofitted “throughout” with sprinklers and the requisite evaluation is submitted (see CEBC § 501.2). That is discretionary and documentation‑intensive.
  • Alternative extinguishing systems: engineered systems other than standard automatic sprinkler systems cannot be used to claim the sprinkler‑based exceptions or reductions unless explicitly approved — see § 904.2.1.
  • Some corridor and separation reductions are occupancy/construction‑type specific and may change (e.g., dwelling unit separations may be allowed 1/2‑hour where building is sprinklered throughout). Always check the applicable occupancy chapter. Example: dwelling separations reference in § 708.3 linked to sprinkler protection.

Common mistakes

  • Assuming sprinklers universally reduce required ratings: they do not. The CBC requires rating determination without sprinklers except where a specific section allows a reduction; you must find the explicit allowance. (§ 703.2)
  • Using non‑sprinkler systems as a substitute: automatic fire‑extinguishing systems (other than standard sprinkler systems) cannot be used to claim sprinkler reductions unless specifically accepted by the fire code official (§ 904.2.1).
  • Not confirming “throughout” coverage or required ancillary features: many reductions require sprinklers throughout and additional features (e.g., control valves with supervisory devices per floor, waterflow initiating devices, sprinklers in shafts at specified locations) — missing these disqualifies the reduction (see § 403.2.1 and related provisions).
  • Applying a single example broadly: a provision that reduces the rating for one element (e.g., a shaft) does not automatically apply to different elements (e.g., a fire barrier or a corridor) without an explicit code authorization. Check the exact § language.

Worked example — concrete scenario

Scenario: 6‑story office building (Group B), Type I‑B construction. The code requires certain minimum fire‑resistance ratings for the primary structural frame and other building elements per Table 601. You propose to reduce some building element ratings by relying on the building being sprinklered throughout.

Step 1 — Confirm sprinkler coverage: The sprinkler system must be installed throughout in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. If the system meets that standard and is monitored with floor supervisory and waterflow devices as required by the high‑rise/construction reduction provisions, proceed.

Step 2 — Identify applicable reduction clause: § 403.2.1.1 permits, for buildings not over 420 feet, reductions in the minimum fire‑resistance rating of building elements in Type IA to the ratings of Type IB, and Type IB to Type IIA in many occupancies — but the primary structural frame rating may not be reduced. Verify that Group B is not excluded in the specific paragraph/in the list of exceptions. § 403.2.1.1 shows the provision and its exceptions.

Step 3 — Apply limitations: The reduction is not automatic — it is conditional on the sprinkler system features (supervisory and waterflow per floor) noted in § 403.2, and some elemental reductions are explicitly disallowed for the primary structural frame. Confirm with the code official.

Result: If the building meets § 903.3.1.1 sprinkler installation and the supervisory/waterflow device requirements, certain reductions permitted by § 403.2.1.1 may be applied — but the primary structural frame’s required rating cannot be reduced.

Related provisions (selected)

  • § 703.2 — Fire‑resistance rating determination (baseline rule; references § 703.2.3)
  • § 903 (Chapter 9 generally, and § 903.3.1.1 referenced repeatedly) — Where sprinkler systems are required/what “throughout” means for many exceptions and reductions
  • § 403.2.1.1 — Construction type reductions tied to sprinkler installation and supervisory/waterflow devices per floor
  • § 403.2.1.2 — Shaft enclosure fire‑resistance reduction permitted to 1 hour when sprinklers are installed in shafts at top and alternate levels
  • § 708.3 — Examples of dwelling/sleeping separations and corridor walls allowed reduced ratings where building is sprinklered throughout (occupancy‑specific)
  • § 1103.4.4 — Atriums/vertical openings may be protected by 1‑hr construction or an automatic sprinkler system installed throughout (§ 903.3.1.1)
  • § 904.2.1 — Restriction: alternative automatic fire‑extinguishing systems shall not be considered alternatives for purposes of sprinkler exceptions/reductions unless approved by the fire code official
  • California Existing Building Code § 501.2 — Procedures by which adding sprinklers to an existing building may permit applying current code fire‑resistance ratings with code official approval

Code references

Grounded in the retrieved California Building Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

  • CBC § 708.3 High relevance — show source text

    708.3 Fire-resistance rating. Fire partitions shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour.

    Exceptions:

    1. Corridor walls permitted to have a [1] / 2 -hour fire-resistance rating by Table 1020.2.
    2. Dwelling unit and sleeping unit separations in buildings of Types IIB, IIIB and VB construction shall have fire-resistance ratings of not less than [1] / 2 hour in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

    3. Walls separating enclosed tenant spaces in Group B high-rise buildings of Type I and II construction equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

    708.4 Continuity. Fire partitions shall extend from the top of the foundation or floor/ceiling assembly below and be securely attached to one of the following:

    1. The underside of the floor or roof sheathing, deck or slab above.
    2. The underside of a floor/ceiling or roof/ceiling assembly having a fire-resistance rating that is not less than the fire-resistance rating of the fire partition.

    Exceptions:

    1. Fire partitions shall not be required to extend into a crawl space below where the floor above the crawl space has a minimum 1-hour fire-resistance rating.

    7-16 2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    FIRE AND SMOKE PROTECTION FEATURES

    1. Fire partitions serving as a corridor wall shall not be required to extend above the lower membrane of a corridor ceiling provided that the corridor ceiling membrane is equivalent to corridor wall membrane, and either of the following conditions is met:

    2.1. The room-side membrane of the corridor wall extends to the underside of the floor or roof sheathing, deck or slab of a fire-resistance-rated floor or roof above.

    2.2. The building is equipped with an automatic sprinkler system installed throughout in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, including automatic sprinklers installed in the space between the top of the fire partition and underside of the floor or roof sheathing, deck or slab above. 3. Fire partitions serving as a corridor wall shall be permitted to terminate at the upper membrane of the corridor ceiling assembly where the corridor ceiling is constructed as required for the corridor wall. 4. Fire partitions separating tenant spaces in a covered or open mall building complying with Section 402.4.2.1 shall not be required to extend above the underside of a ceiling. Such ceiling shall not be required to be part of a fire-resistance-rated assembly, and the attic or space above the ceiling at tenant separation walls shall not be required to be subdivided by fire partitions.

    708.4.1 Fire partition walls enclosing elevator lobbies. Fire partition walls used to enclose elevator lobbies in accordance with Section 3006.3 shall form an enclosure that terminates at a fire barrier or fire partition having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour, or an outside wall.

    708.4.2 Supporting construction. The supporting construction for a fire partition shall have a fire-resistance rating that is equal to or greater than the required fire-resistance rating of the supported fire partition.

  • CBC § 403.2 High relevance — show source text

    For existing high-rise buildings and for existing Group R occupancies, see California Fire Code Chapter 11 and California Existing Building Code.

    For the purpose of this section, in determining the level from which the highest occupied floor is to be measured, the enforcing agency should exercise reasonable judgment, including consideration of overall accessibility to the building by fire department personnel and vehicular equipment. When a building is located on sloping terrain and there is building access on more than one level, the enforcing agency may select the level that provides the most logical and adequate fire department access.

    403.2 Construction. The construction of high-rise buildings shall comply with the provisions of Sections 403.2.1 through 403.2.3.

    403.2.1 Reduction in fire-resistance rating. The fire-resistance rating reductions specified in Sections 403.2.1.1 and 403.2.1.2 shall be allowed in buildings that have sprinkler control valves equipped with supervisory initiating devices and water-flow initiating devices for each floor.

    Exception: Buildings, or portions of buildings, classified as a Group H-1, H-2 or H-3 occupancy.

    403.2.1.1 Type of construction. The following reductions in the minimum fire-resistance rating of the building elements in Table 601 shall be permitted as follows:

    1. For buildings not greater than 420 feet (128 m) in building height, the fire-resistance rating of the building elements in Type IA construction shall be permitted to be reduced to the minimum fire-resistance ratings for the building elements in Type IB. Exception: The required fire-resistance rating of the primary structural frame shall not be reduced.
    2. In other than Group F-1, H-2, H-3, H-5, M and S-1 occupancies, the fire-resistance rating of the building elements in Type IB construction shall be permitted to be reduced to the fire-resistance ratings in Type IIA. Exception: The required fire-resistance rating of the primary structural frame shall not be permitted to be reduced.
    3. The building height and building area limitations of a building containing building elements with reduced fire-resistance ratings shall be permitted to be the same as the building without such reductions.

    403.2.1.2 Shaft enclosures. For buildings not greater than 420 feet (128 m) in building height, the required fire-resistance rating of the fire barriers enclosing vertical shafts, other than interior exit stairway and elevator hoistway enclosures, is permitted to be reduced to 1 hour where automatic sprinklers are installed within the shafts at the top and at alternate floor levels.

    [BS] 403.2.2 Structural integrity of interior exit stairways and elevator hoistway enclosures. For high-rise buildings of Risk Category III or IV in accordance with Section 1604.5, and for all buildings that are more than 420 feet (128 m) in building height, enclosures for interior exit stairways and elevator hoistway enclosures shall comply with Sections 403.2.2.1 through 403.2.2.4.

  • CBC § 2.1. High relevance — show source text
    1. Buildings that were constructed in compliance with a previously issued permit that have floor assemblies with a 1- [1] / 2 hour fire resistance rating shall not be required to comply with Chapter 5 of the California Building Code where all of the following apply: 2.1. Chapter 5 of the California Building Code requires Type IB construction. 2.2. The building does not include Group H occupancies. 2.3. The building is protected throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance Section 903.3.1.1 of the California Building Code.

    1011.6.1.1 Fire wall alternative. In other than Groups H, F-1 and S-1, fire barriers and horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Sections 707 and 711, respectively, of the California Building Code shall be permitted to be used in lieu of fire walls to subdivide the building into separate buildings for the purpose of complying with the area limitations required for the new occupancy where all of the following conditions are met:

    1. The buildings are protected throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 of the California Fire Code .

    2. The maximum allowable area between fire barriers, horizontal assemblies or any combination thereof shall not exceed the maximum allowable area determined in accordance with Chapter 5 of the California Building Code without an increase allowed for an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 506 of the California Building Code .

    3. The fire-resistance rating of the fire barriers and horizontal assemblies shall be not less than that specified for fire walls in Table 706.4 of the California Building Code .

    Exception: Where horizontal assemblies are used to limit the maximum allowable area, the required fire-resistance rating of the horizontal assemblies shall be permitted to be reduced by 1 hour provided that the height and number of stories increases allowed for an automatic sprinkler system by Section 504 of the California Building Code are not used for the buildings.

    1011.6.2 Height and area for change to an equal or lesser-hazard category. Where a change of occupancy classification is made to an equal or lesser-hazard category as shown in Table 1011.6, the height and area of the existing buildingshall be deemed acceptable.

    1011.6.3 Fire barriers. Where a change of occupancy classification is made to a higher-hazard category as shown in Table 1011.6, fire barriers in separated mixed use buildings shall comply with the fire-resistance requirements of the California Building Code .

    Exception: Where the fire barriers are required to have a 1-hour fire-resistance rating, existing wood lath and plaster in good condition or existing [1] / 2 -inch-thick (12.7 mm) gypsum wallboard shall be permitted.

    1011.7 Exterior wall fire-resistance ratings. Hazard categories in regard to fire-resistance ratings of exterior walls shall be in accordance with Table 1011.7.

    TABLE 1011.7—EXPOSURE OF EXTERIOR WALLS HAZARD CATEGORIES Col2
    RELATIVE HAZARD OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION
    1 (Highest Hazard) H
    2 F-1; M; S-1
    3 A; B; E; I; R
    4 (Lowest Hazard) F-2; S-2; U

    2025 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 10-7

  • CBC § 904.2 High relevance — show source text

    [F] 904.2 Where permitted. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems installed as an alternative to the required automatic sprinkler systems of Section 903 shall be approved by the fire code official.

    [F] 904.2.1 Restriction on using automatic sprinkler system exceptions or reductions. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall not be considered alternatives for the purposes of exceptions or reductions allowed for automatic sprinkler systems or by other requirements of this code.

    [F] 904.2.2 Commercial hood and duct systems. Each required commercial kitchen exhaust hood and duct system required by Section 606 of the California Fire Code or Chapter 5 of the California Mechanical Code to have a Type I hood shall be protected with an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system installed in accordance with this code.

    [F] 904.3 Installation. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be installed in accordance with this section.

    [F] 904.3.1 Electrical wiring. Electrical wiring shall be in accordance with the California Electrical Code.

    2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE 9-17

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS

    [F] 904.3.2 Actuation. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be automatically actuated and provided with a manual means of actuation in accordance with Section 904.13.1. Where more than one hazard could be simultaneously involved in fire due to their proximity, all hazards shall be protected by a single system designed to protect all hazards that could become involved.

    Exception: Multiple systems shall be permitted to be installed if they are designed to operate simultaneously.

    [F] 904.3.3 System interlocking. Automatic equipment interlocks with fuel shutoffs, ventilation controls, door closers, window shutters, conveyor openings, smoke and heat vents and other features necessary for proper operation of the fire-extinguishing system shall be provided as required by the design and installation standard utilized for the hazard.

    [F] 904.3.4 Alarms and warning signs. Where alarms are required to indicate the operation of automatic fire-extinguishing systems, distinctive audible and visible alarms and warning signs shall be provided to warn of pending agent discharge. Where exposure to automatic-extinguishing agents poses a hazard to persons and a delay is required to ensure the evacuation of occupants before agent discharge, a separate warning signal shall be provided to alert occupants once agent discharge has begun. Audible signals shall be in accordance with Section 907.5.2.

    [F] 904.3.5 Monitoring. Where a building fire alarm system is installed, automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be monitored by the building fire alarm system in accordance with NFPA 72.

    [F] 904.4 Inspection and testing. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be inspected and tested in accordance with the provisions of this section prior to acceptance.

    [F] 904.4.1 Inspection. Prior to conducting final acceptance tests, all of the following items shall be inspected:

    1. Hazard specification for consistency with design hazard.

    2. Type, location and spacing of automatic- and manual-initiating devices.

    3. Size, placement and position of nozzles or discharge orifices.

    4. Location and identification of audible and visible alarm devices.

    5. Identification of devices with proper designations.

    6. Operating instructions.

  • CBC § 1103.4.3 High relevance — show source text

    1103.4.3 More than five stories. In other than Group I-2 and I-3 occupancies, interior vertical openings connecting more than five stories shall be protected by 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction.

    Exceptions:

    1. Vertical opening protection is not required for Group R-3 occupancies.
    2. Vertical opening protection is not required for open parking garages.
    3. Vertical opening protection for escalators shall be in accordance with Section 1103.4.5, 1103.4.6 or 1103.4.7.
    4. Exit access stairways and ramps shall be in accordance with Section 1103.4.8.

    1103.4.4 Atriums and covered malls. In other than Group I-2 and I-3 occupancies, interior vertical openings in a covered mall building or a building with an atrium shall be protected by either 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction or an automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout the building in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.

    Exceptions:

    1. Vertical opening protection is not required for Group R-3 occupancies.
    2. Vertical opening protection is not required for open parking garages.
    3. Exit access stairways and ramps shall be in accordance with Section 1103.4.8.

    1103.4.5 Escalators in Group B and M occupancies. In Group B and M occupancies, escalators creating vertical openings connecting any number of stories shall be protected by either 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction or an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 installed throughout the building, with a draft curtain and closely spaced sprinklers around the escalator opening.

    1103.4.6 Escalators connecting four or fewer stories. In other than Group B and M occupancies, escalators creating vertical openings connecting four or fewer stories shall be protected by either 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction or an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 shall be installed throughout the building, and a draft curtain with closely spaced sprinklers shall be installed around the escalator opening.

    1103.4.7 Escalators connecting more than four stories. In other than Group B and M occupancies, escalators creating vertical openings connecting five or more stories shall be protected by 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction.

    1103.4.8 Occupancies other than Groups I-2 and I-3. In other than Group I-2 and I-3 occupancies, floor openings containing exit access stairways or ramps that do not comply with one of the conditions listed in this section shall be protected by 1-hour fireresistance-rated construction.

    1. Exit access stairways and ramps that serve, or atmospherically communicate between, only two stories. Such interconnected stories shall not be open to other stories.
    2. In Group R-1, R-2 or R-3 occupancies, exit access stairways and ramps connecting four stories or less serving and contained within an individual dwelling unit or sleeping unit or live/work unit.
    3. Exit access stairways and ramps in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, where the area of the vertical opening between stories does not exceed twice the horizontal projected area of the stairway or ramp, and the opening is protected by a draft curtain and closely spaced sprinklers in accordance with NFPA 13.
  • CBC § 1.8.2.1.3. Medium relevance — show source text

    Exceptions: 1. [HCD 2] For relocated or moved buildings and maintenance, alteration, repair, addition or change of occupancy to existing buildings and accessory structures in mobilehome parks or special occupancy parks as provided in Section 1.8.2.1.3. See California Code of Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapters 2 and 2.2. 2. [HCD 1] Limited-density owner-built rural dwellings.

    [HCD 1] In addition to the requirements in this chapter, maintenance, alteration, repair, addition or change of occupancy to existing buildings and accessory structures under the authority of the Department of Housing and Community Development, as provided in Section 1.8.2.1.1, shall comply with California Code of Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 1, Subchapter 1.

    501.1.1 Compliance with other methods. Alterations, additions and changes of occupancy to existing buildings and structures shall comply with the provisions of this chapter or with one of the methods provided in Section 301.3.

    501.1.2 Existing state-owned structures. [BSC] The provisions of Sections 317 through 322 establish minimum standards for earth- quake evaluation and design for retrofit of existing state-owned structures, including buildings owned by the University of California, the California State University and the Judicial Council.

    The provisions of Sections 317 through 322 may be adopted by a local jurisdiction for earthquake evaluation and design for retrofit of existing buildings.

    501.2 Fire-resistance ratings. Where approved by the code official, in buildings where an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 of the California Building Code has been added, and the building is now sprinklered throughout, the required fire-resistance ratings of building elements and materials shall be permitted to meet the requirements of the current building code. The building is required to meet the other applicable requirements of the California Building Code .

    Plans, investigation and evaluation reports, and other data shall be submitted indicating which building elements and materials the applicant is requesting the code official to review and approve for determination of applying the current building code fire-resistance ratings. Any special construction features, including fire-resistance-rated assemblies and smoke-resistive assemblies, conditions of occupancy, means of egress conditions, fire code deficiencies, approved modifications or approved alternative materials, design and methods of construction, and equipment applying to the building that impact required fire-resistance ratings shall be identified in the evaluation reports submitted.

    501.3 Health care facilities. In Group I-2 facilities, ambulatory care facilities and outpatient clinics, any altered or added portion of an existing electrical or medical gas systems shall be required to meet installation and equipment requirements in NFPA 99.

    501.4 Existing Group R occupancies. [SFM] See the California Residential Code for existing Group R-3 occupancies or Chapter 11 of the California Fire Code for all other existing Group R occupancies.

    501.5 Carbon monoxide alarms. [HCD 1, SFM] Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 17926, carbon monoxide detection shall be provided in all existing Group R buildings, as required in Section 915 of the California Building Code or Section R315 of the California Resi- dential Code, as applicable.

  • CBC § 802.5.2 Medium relevance — show source text

    802.5.2 Design. Where there are no guards or where existing guards must be replaced, the guards shall be designed and installed in accordance with the California Building Code .

    802.6 Fire-resistance ratings. Where approved by the code official, buildings where an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 of the California Building Code has been added, and the building is now sprinklered throughout, the required fire-resistance ratings of building elements and materials shall be permitted to meet the requirements of the current building code. The building is required to meet the other applicable requirements of the California Building Code .

    Plans, investigation and evaluation reports, and other data shall be submitted indicating which building elements and materials the applicant is requesting the code official to review and approve for determination of applying the current building code fire-resistance ratings. Any special construction features, including fire-resistance-rated assemblies and smoke-resistive assemblies, conditions of occupancy, means-of-egress conditions, fire code deficiencies, approved modifications or approved alternative materials, design and methods of construction, and equipment applying to the building that impact required fire-resistance ratings shall be identified in the evaluation reports submitted.

    SECTION 803—FIRE PROTECTION

    803.1 Scope. The requirements of this section shall be limited to work areas in which Level 2 alterations are being performed, and where specified they shall apply throughout the floor on which the work areas are located or otherwise beyond the work area.

    803.1.1 Corridor ratings. Where an approved automatic sprinkler system is installed throughout the story, the required fire-resistance rating for any corridor located on the story shall be permitted to be reduced in accordance with the California Building Code . In order to be considered for a corridor rating reduction, such system shall provide coverage for the stairway landings serving the floor and the intermediate landings immediately below.

    803.2 Automatic sprinkler systems. Automatic sprinkler systems shall be provided in accordance with the requirements of Section 903 of the California Building and California Fire Codes.

    803.3 Reserved.

    803.4 Fire alarm and detection. An approved fire alarm system shall be installed in accordance with California Fire Code Sections 907 and 1103.7.

    803.4.1 Systems out of service. Existing fire alarm and detection systems shall be maintained in accordance with Section 901.7 of the California Fire Code. Site fire protection during construction shall be in accordance with Chapter 33 of the California Building and California Fire Codes.

    SECTION 804—MEANS OF EGRESS

    804.1 Scope. The requirements of this section shall be limited to work areas that include exits or corridors shared by more than one tenant within the work area in which Level 2 alterations are being performed, and where specified they shall apply throughout the floor on which the work areas are located or otherwise beyond the work area.

    804.2 General. The means of egress shall comply with the requirements of this section.

    Exceptions:

    1. Where the work area and the means of egress serving it complies with NFPA 101.
    2. Means of egress complying with the requirements of the building code under which the building was constructed shall be considered to be compliant means of egress if, in the opinion of the code official, they do not constitute a distinct hazard to life.

    804.3 Reserved.

  • CBC § 904.7 Medium relevance — show source text

    (2) Engineered and pre-engineered fixed extinguishing systems shall be inspected, tested and maintained at least semi-annually, and immediately after a system activation.

    [California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §904(c)] Required Inspection, Testing and Maintenance Frequencies.

    (c) Engineered and pre-engineered fixed extinguishing systems, regardless of installation date, shall be inspected, tested and main- tained within the time periods specified in California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Section 904(a)(2) above.

    [California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §904.7(a) through (c)] Inspection, Testing and Maintenance Requirements for Engineered and Pre-engineered Fixed Extinguishing Systems.

    Inspection, Testing and Maintenance shall be performed in accordance with:

    (a) California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Section 904(a)(2),

    (b) the manufacturer’s written instructions, which are approved and on file with the Office of the State Fire Marshal; and

    (c) the applicable standards adopted in California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 9, (California Fire Code).

    904.1.1 Certification of service personnel for fire-extinguishing equipment. Service personnel providing or conducting maintenance on automatic fire-extinguishing systems, other than automatic sprinkler systems, shall possess a valid certificate issued by an approved governmental agency, or other approved organization for the type of system and work performed.

    904.2 Where permitted. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems installed as an alternative to the required automatic sprinkler systems of Section 903 shall be approved by the fire code official.

    904.2.1 Restriction on using automatic sprinkler system exceptions or reductions. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall not be considered alternatives for the purposes of exceptions or reductions allowed for automatic sprinkler systems or by other requirements of this code.

    904.2.2 Commercial hood and duct systems. Each required commercial kitchen exhaust hood and duct system required by Section 606 to have a Type I hood shall be protected with an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system installed in accordance with this code.

    904.3 Installation. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be installed in accordance with this section.

    9-24 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

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    FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS

    904.3.1 Electrical wiring. Electrical wiring shall be in accordance with the California Electrical Code.

    904.3.2 Actuation. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be automatically actuated and provided with a manual means of actuation in accordance with Section 904.14.1. Where more than one hazard could be simultaneously involved in fire due to their proximity, all hazards shall be protected by a single system designed to protect all hazards that could become involved.

    Exception: Multiple systems shall be permitted to be installed if they are designed to operate simultaneously.

    904.3.3 System interlocking. Automatic equipment interlocks with fuel shutoffs, ventilation controls, door closers, window shutters, conveyor openings, smoke and heat vents and other features necessary for proper operation of the fire-extinguishing system shall be provided as required by the design and installation standard utilized for the hazard.

  • CBC § 9.2.3.2 Medium relevance — show source text

    Revise Section 9.2.3.2

    9.2.3.2 Sprinklers shall be permitted to be omitted from below the canopies, roofs, balconies, decks or similar projections are combustible construction, provided the exposed finish material on the roof or canopy is noncombustible, limited-combustible or fire retardant treated wood as defined in NFPA 703, Standard for Fire Retardant–Treated Wood and Fire-Retardant Coatings for Building Materials, and the roofs or canopies contains only sprinklered concealed spaces or any of the following unsprinklered combustible concealed spaces:

    (1) Combustible concealed spaces filled entirely with noncombustible insulation.

    (2) Light or ordinary hazard occupancies where noncombustible or limited-combustible ceilings are directly attached to the bottom of solid wood joists so as to create enclosed joist spaces 160 ft [3] (4.5 m [3] ) or less in volume, including space below insulation that is laid directly on top or within the ceiling joists in an otherwise sprinklered attic [See 11.2.3.1.5.2(9)]. (3) Concealed spaces over isolated small roofs or canopies not exceeding 55 ft [2] (5.1 m [2] ).

    80-12 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

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    REFERENCED STANDARDS

    Delete language to section 9.2.3.3 and reserve section number. 9.2.3.3 Reserved.

    Revise Section 9.3.19.1 as follows:*

    9.3.19.1* Unless the requirements of 9.2.3.1 or 9.2.3.2 are met, sprinklers shall be installed under exterior roofs, canopies, porte-cochere, balconies, decks or similar projections exceeding 4 ft (1.2 m) in width.

    Revise Annex Section A9.3.19.2 as follows:

    A9.3.19.2 The presence of planters, newspaper machines and similar items, should not be considered storage.

    Add Section 9.3.19.3 as follows:

    9.3.19.3 Sprinklers may be omitted for following structures:

    (1) Solar photovoltaic panel structures with no use underneath. Signs may be provided, as determined by the enforcing agency prohibiting any use underneath including storage.

    (2) Solar photovoltaic (PV) panels supported by framing that have sufficient uniformly distributed and unobstructed openings throughout the top of the array (horizontal plane) to allow heat and gases to escape, as determined by the enforcing agency.

    Add new Sections 16.9.3.1.3.4 and 16.9.3.1.3.5 as follows:

  • CBC § 2.2.1.4. Medium relevance — show source text

    2.2.1.4. The glass wall and windows shall be installed in a gasketed frame in a manner that the framing system deflects without breaking (loading) the glass before the automatic sprinkler system operates. 2.2.1.5. The sprinkler system shall be designed so that the entire surface of the glass is wet upon activation of the automatic sprinkler system without obstruction. 2.2.2. A fire barrier is not required where a glass-block wall assembly complying with Section 2110 of the California Building Code and having a [3] / 4 -hour fire protection rating is provided. 2.3. Where doors are provided in the glass wall, they shall be either self-closing or automatic-closing and shall be constructed to resist the passage of smoke. 3. In Group I-3 occupancies, exit stairways or ramps and exit access stairways or ramps constructed in accordance with Section 408 of the California Building Code .

    1103.4.2 Three to five stories. In other than Group I-2 and I-3 occupancies, interior vertical openings connecting three to five stories shall be protected by either 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction or an automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout the building in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.

    Exceptions:

    1. Vertical opening protection is not required for Group R-3 occupancies.
    2. Vertical opening protection is not required for open parking garages.
    3. Vertical opening protection for escalators shall be in accordance with Section 1103.4.5, 1103.4.6 or 1103.4.7.
    4. Exit access stairways and ramps shall be in accordance with Section 1103.4.8.

    1103.4.3 More than five stories. In other than Group I-2 and I-3 occupancies, interior vertical openings connecting more than five stories shall be protected by 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction.

    Exceptions:

    1. Vertical opening protection is not required for Group R-3 occupancies.
    2. Vertical opening protection is not required for open parking garages.
    3. Vertical opening protection for escalators shall be in accordance with Section 1103.4.5, 1103.4.6 or 1103.4.7.
    4. Exit access stairways and ramps shall be in accordance with Section 1103.4.8.

    1103.4.4 Atriums and covered malls. In other than Group I-2 and I-3 occupancies, interior vertical openings in a covered mall building or a building with an atrium shall be protected by either 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction or an automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout the building in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.

    Exceptions:

    1. Vertical opening protection is not required for Group R-3 occupancies.
    2. Vertical opening protection is not required for open parking garages.
    3. Exit access stairways and ramps shall be in accordance with Section 1103.4.8.

    1103.4.5 Escalators in Group B and M occupancies. In Group B and M occupancies, escalators creating vertical openings connecting any number of stories shall be protected by either 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction or an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 installed throughout the building, with a draft curtain and closely spaced sprinklers around the escalator opening.

  • CBC § 903.4.2 Medium relevance — show source text

    Underground key or hub gate valves in roadway boxes.

    [F] 903.4.2 Monitoring. Alarm, supervisory and trouble signals shall be distinctly different and shall be automatically transmitted to an approved supervising station or, where approved by the fire code official, shall sound an audible signal at a constantly attended location.

    [F] 903.4.3 Alarms. An approved audible and visual sprinkler waterflow alarm device, located on the exterior of the building in an approved location, shall be connected to each automatic sprinkler system. Such sprinkler waterflow alarm devices shall be activated by water flow equivalent to the flow of a single sprinkler of the smallest orifice size installed in the system. Where a waterflow switch is required by Section 903.4.1 to be electrically supervised, such sprinkler waterflow alarm devices shall be powered by a fire alarm control unit or, where provided, a fire alarm system. Where a fire alarm system is provided, actuation of the automatic sprinkler system shall actuate the building fire alarm system.

    Exception: Automatic sprinkler systems protecting one- and two-family dwellings.

    [F] 903.5 Inspection, testing and maintenance. Automatic sprinkler systems shall be inspected, tested and maintained in accordance with the California Fire Code .

    SECTION 904—ALTERNATIVE AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS

    [F] 904.1 General. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems, other than automatic sprinkler systems, shall be designed, installed, inspected, tested and maintained in accordance with the provisions of this section and the applicable referenced standards.

    [F] 904.2 Where permitted. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems installed as an alternative to the required automatic sprinkler systems of Section 903 shall be approved by the fire code official.

    [F] 904.2.1 Restriction on using automatic sprinkler system exceptions or reductions. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall not be considered alternatives for the purposes of exceptions or reductions allowed for automatic sprinkler systems or by other requirements of this code.

    [F] 904.2.2 Commercial hood and duct systems. Each required commercial kitchen exhaust hood and duct system required by Section 606 of the California Fire Code or Chapter 5 of the California Mechanical Code to have a Type I hood shall be protected with an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system installed in accordance with this code.

    [F] 904.3 Installation. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be installed in accordance with this section.

    [F] 904.3.1 Electrical wiring. Electrical wiring shall be in accordance with the California Electrical Code.

    2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE 9-17

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    FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS

    [F] 904.3.2 Actuation. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be automatically actuated and provided with a manual means of actuation in accordance with Section 904.13.1. Where more than one hazard could be simultaneously involved in fire due to their proximity, all hazards shall be protected by a single system designed to protect all hazards that could become involved.

    Exception: Multiple systems shall be permitted to be installed if they are designed to operate simultaneously.

  • CBC § 30-6 Medium relevance — show source text

    1. Machine rooms.

    2. Control rooms.

    30-6 2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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    ELEVATORS AND CONVEYING SYSTEMS

    1. Control spaces.
    2. Machinery spaces outside of the hoistway enclosure.

    The fire-resistance rating shall be not less than the required rating of the hoistway enclosure served by the machinery. Openings in the fire barriers shall be protected with assemblies having a fire protection rating not less than that required for the hoistway enclosure doors.

    Exceptions:

    1. For other than fire service access elevators and occupant evacuation elevators, where machine rooms, machinery spaces, control rooms and control spaces do not abut and do not have openings to the hoistway enclosure they serve, the fire barriers constructed in accordance with Section 707 or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 711, or both, shall be permitted to be reduced to a 1-hour fire-resistance rating.
    2. For other than fire service access elevators and occupant evacuation elevators, in buildings four stories or less above grade plane where machine room, machinery spaces, control rooms and control spaces do not abut and do not have openings to the hoistway enclosure they serve, the machine room, machinery spaces, control rooms and control spaces are not required to be fire-resistance rated.

    3005.4.1 Automatic sprinkler system. Automatic sprinklers shall not be required to be installed in the elevator hoistway, elevator machine room, elevator machinery space, elevator control space or elevator control room where the following is met:

    The elevator machine room, elevator machinery space, elevator control space or elevator control room shall be enclosed with fire barriers constructed in accordance with Section 707 or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 711, or both. The fire-resistance rating shall not be less than the required rating of the hoistway enclosure served by the machinery. Openings in the fire barriers shall be protected with assemblies having a fire protection rating not less than that required for the hoistway enclo- sure doors. The exceptions to Section 3005.4 shall not apply.

    3005.5 Shunt trip. Where elevator hoistways, elevator machine rooms, control rooms and control spaces containing elevator control equipment are protected with automatic sprinklers, a means installed in accordance with Section 21.4 of NFPA 72 shall be provided to automatically disconnect the main line power supply to the affected elevator prior to the application of water. This means shall not be self-resetting. The activation of automatic sprinklers outside the hoistway, machine room, machinery space, control room or control space shall not disconnect the main line power supply.

    3005.6 Plumbing systems. Plumbing systems shall not be located in elevator equipment rooms.

    SECTION 3006—ELEVATOR LOBBIES AND HOISTWAY OPENING PROTECTION

    3006.1 General. Enclosed elevator lobbies and elevator hoistway door protection shall be provided in accordance with the following:

    1. Where elevator hoistway door protection is required by Section 3006.2, such protection shall be provided in accordance with Section 3006.3.
  • CBC § 903.2.6. Medium relevance — show source text

    For new Group I-4 occupancies, see Exceptions 2 and 3 of Section 903.2.6.
    h. New Group R occupancies are required to be protected by an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.2.8.
    i. See Sections 407.1.1 and 408.1.2 for specific exceptions to construction type, allowable building areas and allowable heights.
    j. Restraint shall not be permitted in any building except in Group I-3 occupancies constructed for such use (see Section 408.1.2).
    k. Nonambulatory persons shall be limited to the first 2 stories.
    l. Nonambulatory persons shall be limited to the first 5 stories.
    m.Nonambulatory elderly clients are not permitted in buildings of these types of construction. See Sections 435.3.3 and 435.3.4.
    n. In other than Group A, E, H, I, L and R occupancies, high-rise buildings, and other applications listed in Section 1.11 regulated by the Office of the State Fire Marshal, the S increases
    for height and stories in Tables 504.3 and 504.4 are permitted in addition to the S area increase in accordance with Table 506.2.
    o. For Group R-2 buildings of Type VA construction equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, S area increase is permit-
    ted in addition to the height and story increase provided the height shall not exceed 60 feet and 4 stories.
    p. See Section 436.1 for additional regulations for child-care centers and adult day care.|UL = Unlimited; NP = Not Permitted; NS = Buildings not equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system; S = Buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler
    system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1; S13R = Buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.2;
    S13D = Buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.3.
    a. See Chapters 4 and 5 for specific exceptions to the allowable height in this chapter.
    b. See Section 903.2 for the minimum thresholds for protection by an automatic sprinkler system for specific occupancies.
    c. New Group H occupancies are required to be protected by an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.2.5.
    d. The NS value is only for use in evaluation of existing building height in accordance with the_California Existing Building Code_.
    e. New Group I-3 occupancies are required to be protected by an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.2.6.
    f. New and existing Group I-2 occupancies are required to be protected by an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.2.6 and Section 1103.5 of the_California_
    Fire Code.
    g. For new Group I-4 occupancies, see Exceptions 2 and 3 of Section 903.2.6.
    h. New Group R occupancies are required to be protected by an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.2.8.
    i. See Sections 407.1.1 and 408.1.2 for specific exceptions to construction type, allowable building areas and allowable heights.
    _j.

  • CBC § 0.200 Medium relevance — show source text

    000|0.200|0.250|0.150|0.165| |10,000|0.130|0.163|0.100|0.110| |15,000|0.096|0.120|0.070|0.077| |20,000|0.076|0.095|0.056|0.062| |Equal to or greater than 25,000|0.060|0.075|0.044|0.048| |For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.|

    2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 10-55

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    MEANS OF EGRESS

    [BE] 1030.6.2.1 Smoke control. Aisles and aisle accessways serving a smoke-protected assembly seating area shall be provided with a smoke control system complying with Section 909 or natural ventilation designed to maintain the smoke level not less than 6 feet (1829 mm) above the floor of the means of egress.

    [BE] 1030.6.2.2 Roof height. A smoke-protected assembly seating area with a roof shall have the lowest portion of the roof deck not less than 15 feet (4572 mm) above the highest aisle or aisle accessway.

    Exception: A roof canopy in an outdoor stadium shall be permitted to be less than 15 feet (4572 mm) above the highest aisle or aisle accessway provided that there are no objects less than 80 inches (2032 mm) above the highest aisle or aisle

    accessway.

    [BE] 1030.6.2.3 Automatic sprinklers. Enclosed areas with walls and ceilings in buildings or structures containing smokeprotected assembly seating shall be protected with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

    Exceptions:

    1. The floor area used for contests, performances or entertainment provided that the roof construction is more than 50 feet (15 240 mm) above the floor level and the use is restricted to low fire hazard uses.
    2. Press boxes and storage facilities less than 1,000 square feet (93 m [2] ) in area.

    [BE] 1030.6.3 Open-air assembly seating. In open-air assembly seating, the required capacity in inches (mm) of aisles shall be not less than the total occupant load served by the egress element multiplied by 0.08 (2.0 mm) where egress is by stepped aisle and multiplied by 0.06 (1.52 mm) where egress is by level aisles and ramped aisles.

    Exception: The required capacity in inches (mm) of aisles shall be permitted to comply with Section 1030.6.2 for the number of seats in the open-air assembly seating where Section 1030.6.2 permits less capacity.

    [BE] 1030.6.3.1 Automatic sprinklers. Enclosed areas with walls and ceilings in buildings or structures containing open-air assembly seating shall be protected with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

    Exceptions:

  • CBC § 904.2.1 Medium relevance — show source text

    904.2.1 Restriction on using automatic sprinkler system exceptions or reductions. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall not be considered alternatives for the purposes of exceptions or reductions allowed for automatic sprinkler systems or by other requirements of this code.

    904.2.2 Commercial hood and duct systems. Each required commercial kitchen exhaust hood and duct system required by Section 606 to have a Type I hood shall be protected with an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system installed in accordance with this code.

    904.3 Installation. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be installed in accordance with this section.

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    FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS

    904.3.1 Electrical wiring. Electrical wiring shall be in accordance with the California Electrical Code.

    904.3.2 Actuation. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be automatically actuated and provided with a manual means of actuation in accordance with Section 904.14.1. Where more than one hazard could be simultaneously involved in fire due to their proximity, all hazards shall be protected by a single system designed to protect all hazards that could become involved.

    Exception: Multiple systems shall be permitted to be installed if they are designed to operate simultaneously.

    904.3.3 System interlocking. Automatic equipment interlocks with fuel shutoffs, ventilation controls, door closers, window shutters, conveyor openings, smoke and heat vents and other features necessary for proper operation of the fire-extinguishing system shall be provided as required by the design and installation standard utilized for the hazard.

    904.3.4 Alarms and warning signs. Where alarms are required to indicate the operation of automatic fire-extinguishing systems, distinctive audible, visible alarms and warning signs shall be provided to warn of pending agent discharge. Where exposure to automatic-extinguishing agents poses a hazard to persons and a delay is required to ensure the evacuation of occupants before agent discharge, a separate warning signal shall be provided to alert occupants once agent discharge has begun. Audible signals shall be in accordance with Section 907.5.2.

    904.3.5 Monitoring. Where a building fire alarm system is installed, automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be monitored by the building fire alarm system in accordance with NFPA 72.

    904.4 Inspection and testing. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be inspected and tested in accordance with the provisions of this section prior to acceptance.

    904.4.1 Inspection. Prior to conducting final acceptance tests, all of the following items shall be inspected:

    1. Hazard specification for consistency with design hazard.

    2. Type, location and spacing of automatic- and manual-initiating devices.

    3. Size, placement and position of nozzles or discharge orifices.

    4. Location and identification of audible and visible alarm devices.

    5. Identification of devices with proper designations.

    6. Operating instructions.

    904.4.2 Alarm testing. Notification appliances, connections to fire alarm systems and connections to approved supervising stations shall be tested in accordance with this section and Section 907 to verify proper operation.

    904.4.2.1 Audible and visible signals. The audibility and visibility of notification appliances signaling agent discharge or system operation, where required, shall be verified.

    904.4.3 Monitor testing. Connections to protected premises and supervising station fire alarm systems shall be tested to verify proper identification and retransmission of alarms from automatic fire-extinguishing systems.

  • CBC § 703.1 Medium relevance — show source text

    SECTION 703—FIRE-RESISTANCE RATINGS AND FIRE TESTS

    703.1 Scope. Materials prescribed herein for fire resistance shall conform to the requirements of this chapter.

    703.2 Fire resistance. The fire-resistance rating of building elements, components or assemblies shall be determined in accordance with Section 703.2.1 or 703.2.2 without the use of automatic sprinklers or any other fire suppression system being incorporated, or in accordance with Section 703.2.3.

    703.2.1 Tested assemblies. A fire-resistance rating of building elements, components or assemblies shall be determined by the test procedures set forth in ASTM E119 or UL 263. The fire-resistance rating of penetrations and fire-resistant joint systems shall be determined in accordance with Sections 714 and 715, respectively.

    703.2.1.1 Nonsymmetrical wall construction. Interior walls and partitions of nonsymmetrical construction shall be tested with both faces exposed to the furnace, and the assigned fire-resistance rating shall be the shortest duration obtained from the two tests conducted in compliance with ASTM E119 or UL 263. Where evidence is furnished to show that the wall was tested with the least fire-resistant side exposed to the furnace, subject to acceptance of the building official, the wall need not be subjected to tests from the opposite side (see Section 705.5 for exterior walls).

    703.2.1.2 Combustible components. Combustible aggregates are permitted in gypsum and Portland cement concrete mixtures for fire-resistance-rated construction. Any component material or admixture is permitted in assemblies if the resulting tested assembly meets the fire-resistance test requirements of this code.

    703.2.1.3 Restrained classification. Fire-resistance-rated assemblies tested under ASTM E119 or UL 263 shall not be considered to be restrained unless evidence satisfactory to the building official is furnished by the registered design professional showing that the construction qualifies for a restrained classification in accordance with ASTM E119 or UL 263. Restrained construction shall be identified on the construction documents.

    703.2.1.4 Supplemental features. Where materials, systems or devices that have not been tested as part of a fire-resistancerated assembly are incorporated into the building element, component or assembly, sufficient data shall be made available to the building official to show that the required fire-resistance rating is not reduced.

    703.2.1.5 Exterior bearing walls. In determining the fire-resistance rating of exterior bearing walls, compliance with the ASTM E119 or UL 263 criteria for unexposed surface temperature rise and ignition of cotton waste due to passage of flame or gases is required only for a period of time corresponding to the required fire-resistance rating of an exterior nonbearing wall with the same fire separation distance, and in a building of the same group. Where the fire-resistance rating determined in accordance with this exception exceeds the fire-resistance rating determined in accordance with ASTM E119 or UL 263, the fire exposure time period, water pressure and application duration criteria for the hose stream test of ASTM E119 or UL 263 shall be based on the fire-resistance rating determined in accordance with this section.

    703.2.2 Analytical methods. The fire resistance of building elements, components or assemblies established by an analytical method shall be by any of the methods listed in this section, based on the fire exposure and acceptance criteria specified in ASTM E119 or UL 263.

    1. Fire-resistance designs documented in approved sources.
    2. Prescriptive designs of fire-resistance-rated building elements, components or assemblies as prescribed in Section 721.
  • CBC § 1.1 Medium relevance — show source text

    SECTION R309—AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

    R309.1 Townhouse automatic sprinkler systems. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in townhouses.

    Exception: An automatic sprinkler system shall not be required where additions or alterations are made to existing townhouses that do not have an automatic sprinkler system installed.

    R309.1.1 Design and installation. Automatic sprinkler systems for townhouses shall be designed and installed in accordance with Section R309 or NFPA 13D.

    R309.2 One- and two-family dwellings automatic sprinkler systems. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in one- and two-family dwellings.

    Exceptions:

    1. An automatic sprinkler system shall not be required for additions or alterations to existing buildings that are not already provided with a sprinkler system. 2. Accessory Dwelling Unit, provided that all of the following are met: 2.1. The unit meets the definition of an Accessory Dwelling Unit as defined in the Government Code Section 65852.2. 2.2. The existing primary residence does not have automatic fire sprinklers. 2.3. The accessory detached dwelling unit does not exceed 1,200 square feet in size. 2.4. The unit is on the same lot as the primary residence.

    R309.2.1 Design and installation. Automatic sprinkler systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with Section R309 or NFPA 13D.

    R309.3 Dwelling unit automatic sprinkler systems.

    R309.3.1 General. The design and installation of automatic sprinkler systems shall be in accordance with NFPA 13D or Section R309.3, which shall be considered to be equivalent to NFPA 13D. Partial automatic sprinkler systems shall be permitted to be installed only in buildings not required to be equipped with an automatic sprinkler system. Section R309.3 shall apply to standalone and multipurpose wet-pipe sprinkler systems that do not include the use of antifreeze. A multipurpose automatic sprinkler system shall provide domestic water to both fire sprinklers and plumbing fixtures. A stand-alone automatic sprinkler system shall be separate and independent from the water distribution system.

    R309.3.1.1 Backflow protection. A backflow preventer shall not be required to separate a sprinkler system from the water distri- bution system, provided that: 1. The system complies with NFPA 13D or Section R309; 2. Piping materials are suitable for potable water in accordance with the California Plumbing Code; and 3. The system does not contain antifreeze or have a fire department connection.

    R309.3.1.2 Required sprinkler locations. Sprinklers shall be installed to protect all areas of a dwelling unit.

  • CBC § 1011.6.2 Medium relevance — show source text

    1011.6.2 Height and area for change to an equal or lesser-hazard category. Where a change of occupancy classification is made to an equal or lesser-hazard category as shown in Table 1011.6, the height and area of the existing buildingshall be deemed acceptable.

    1011.6.3 Fire barriers. Where a change of occupancy classification is made to a higher-hazard category as shown in Table 1011.6, fire barriers in separated mixed use buildings shall comply with the fire-resistance requirements of the California Building Code .

    Exception: Where the fire barriers are required to have a 1-hour fire-resistance rating, existing wood lath and plaster in good condition or existing [1] / 2 -inch-thick (12.7 mm) gypsum wallboard shall be permitted.

    1011.7 Exterior wall fire-resistance ratings. Hazard categories in regard to fire-resistance ratings of exterior walls shall be in accordance with Table 1011.7.

    TABLE 1011.7—EXPOSURE OF EXTERIOR WALLS HAZARD CATEGORIES Col2
    RELATIVE HAZARD OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION
    1 (Highest Hazard) H
    2 F-1; M; S-1
    3 A; B; E; I; R
    4 (Lowest Hazard) F-2; S-2; U

    2025 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 10-7

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    �

    �

    CHANGE OF OCCUPANCY

    1011.7.1 Exterior wall rating for change of occupancy classification to a higher-hazard category. Where a change of occupancy classification is made to a higher hazard category as shown in Table 1011.7, exterior walls shall have fire-resistance, exterior opening areas and opening protectives as required by the California Building Code .

    Exception: A 2-hour fire-resistance rating shall be allowed where the building does not exceed three stories in height and is classified as one of the following groups: A-2 and A-3 with an occupant load of less than 300, B, F, M or S.

    1011.7.2 Exterior wall rating for change of occupancy classification to an equal or lesser-hazard category. Where a change of occupancy classification is made to an equal or lesser-hazard category as shown in Table 1011.7, existing exterior walls, including openings, shall be accepted.

    1011.7.3 Opening protectives. Openings in exterior walls shall be protected as required by the California Building Code . Where openings in the exterior walls are required to be protected because of their distance from the lot line, the sum of the area of such openings shall not exceed 50 percent of the total area of the wall in each story.

    Exceptions:

    1. Where the California Building Code permits openings in excess of 50 percent.

    2. Protected openings shall not be required in buildings of Group R occupancy that do not exceed three stories in height and that are located not less than 3 feet (914 mm) from the lot line.

    3. Exterior opening protectives are not required where an automatic sprinkler system has been installed throughout.

    4. Exterior opening protectives are not required where the change of occupancy group is to an equal or lower hazard classification in accordance with Table 1011.7.

  • CBC § 1305.2.16 Medium relevance — show source text

    For buildings without mixed occupancies, the value shall be zero. Facilities in Group I-2 occupancies meeting Category a shall be considered to fail the evaluation.

    TABLE 1305.2.16—MIXED OCCUPANCY VALUESa Col2 Col3 Col4
    OCCUPANCY CATEGORIES CATEGORIES CATEGORIES
    OCCUPANCY a b c
    A-1, A-2, R -10 0 10
    A-3, A-4, B, E, F, M, S -5 0 5
    I-2 NP 0 5
    NP = Not Permitted.
    a. For fire-resistance ratings between categories, the value shall be obtained by linear interpolation.    		 NP = Not Permitted.
    a. For fire-resistance ratings between categories, the value shall be obtained by linear interpolation.    		 NP = Not Permitted.
    a. For fire-resistance ratings between categories, the value shall be obtained by linear interpolation.    		 NP = Not Permitted.
    a. For fire-resistance ratings between categories, the value shall be obtained by linear interpolation.

    1305.2.16.1 Categories. The categories for mixed occupancies are:

    1. Category a—Occupancies separated by minimum 1-hour fire barriers or minimum 1-hour horizontal assemblies, or both.

    2. Category b—Separations between occupancies in accordance with Section 508.4 of the International Building Code .

    3. Category c—Separations between occupancies having a fire-resistance rating of not less than twice that required by Section 508.4 of the International Building Code .

    1305.2.17 Automatic sprinklers. Evaluate the ability to suppress or control a fire based on the installation of an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1 of the International Building Code . “Required sprinklers” shall be based on the requirements of the International Building Code . Under the categories and occupancies in Table 1305.2.17, determine the appropriate value and enter that value into Table 1306.1 under Safety Parameter 1305.2.17, Automatic Sprinklers, for fire safety, means

    2025 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 13-11

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    PERFORMANCE COMPLIANCE METHODS

    of egress divided by 2, and general safety. High-rise buildings defined in Chapter 2 of the International Building Code that undergo a change of occupancy to Group R shall be equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 403 of the International Building Code and Chapter 9 of the International Building Code . Facilities in Group I-2 occupancies meeting Category a, b, c or f shall be considered to fail the evaluation.

  • CBC § 6.2.2 Medium relevance — show source text

    Revise Section 6.2.2 to read as follows: 6.2.2 Where a well, pump, tank or combination thereof is the source of supply for a fire sprinkler system, the configuration for the system shall be one of the following: (1) The water supply shall serve both domestic and fire sprinkler systems, (a) A test connection shall be provided downstream of the pump that creates a flow of water equal to the smallest sprinkler on the system. The connection shall return water to the tank. (b) Any disconnecting means for the pump shall be approved. (c) A method for refilling the tank shall be piped to the tank. (d) A method of seeing the water level in the tank shall be provided without having to open the tank. (e) The pump shall not be permitted to sit directly on the floor. (2) A stand-alone tank is permitted if the following conditions are met: (a) The pump shall be connected to a 220-volt circuit breaker shared with a common household appliance (e.g., range, oven, dryer), (b) The pump shall be a stainless steel 240-volt pump, (c) A valve shall be provided to exercise the pump. The discharge of the exercise valve shall drain to the tank, and (d) A sign shall be provided stating “Valve must be opened monthly for 5 minutes.” (e) A means for automatically refilling the tank level, so that the tank capacity will meet the required water supply duration in minutes, shall be provided. (f) A test connection shall be provided downstream of the pump that creates a flow of water equal to the smallest sprinkler on the system. The connection may return water to the tank. (g) Any disconnecting means for the pump shall be approved. (h) A method for refilling the tank shall be piped to the tank. (i) A method of seeing the water level in the tank shall be provided without having to open the tank. (j) The pump shall not be permitted to sit directly on the floor.

    Add new Section 6.2.2.1 to read as follows: 6.2.2.1 Where a fire sprinkler system is supplied by a stored water source with an automatically operated means of pressurizing the system other than an electric pump, the water supply may serve the sprinkler system only.

    Add new Section 6.2.4 to read as follows: 6.2.4 Where a water supply serves both domestic and fire sprinkler systems, 5 gpm (19 L/min) shall be added to the sprinkler system demand at the point where the systems are connected, to determine the size of common piping and the size of the total water supply requirements where no provision is made to prevent flow into the domestic water system upon operation of a sprinkler. For multipurpose piping systems, the 5 gpm (19 L/min) demand shall be added at the domestic connection nearest the design area. This demand may be split between two domestic connections at 2.5 gpm (10 L/min) each.

    Revise Section 8.3.4 to read as follows: 8.3.4* Sprinklers shall not be required in detached garages, open attached porches, carports with no habitable space above and similar structures.

  • CBC § 903.3.2 Medium relevance — show source text

    [F] 903.3.2 Quick-response and residential sprinklers. Where automatic sprinkler systems are required by this code, quickresponse or residential automatic sprinklers shall be installed in all of the following areas in accordance with Section 903.3.1 and their listings:

    1. Throughout all spaces within a smoke compartment containing care recipient sleeping units in Group I-2 in accordance with this code.

    2. Reserved.

    3. Throughout all spaces within a smoke compartment containing treatment rooms in ambulatory care facilities.

    4. Dwelling units and sleeping units in Group R occupancies.

    5. Light-hazard occupancies as defined in NFPA 13.

    [F] 903.3.3 Obstructed locations. Automatic sprinklers shall be installed with regard to obstructions that will delay activation or obstruct the water distribution pattern and shall be in accordance with the applicable automatic sprinkler system standard that is being used. Automatic sprinklers shall be installed in or under covered kiosks, displays, booths, concession stands, or equipment that exceeds 4 feet (1219 mm) in width. Not less than a 3-foot (914 mm) clearance shall be maintained between automatic sprinklers and the top of piles of combustible fibers.

    Exception: Kitchen equipment under exhaust hoods protected with a fire-extinguishing system in accordance with Section 904.

    [F] 903.3.4 Actuation. Automatic sprinkler systems shall be automatically actuated unless specifically provided for in this code.

    [F] 903.3.5 Water supplies. Water supplies for automatic sprinkler systems shall comply with this section and the standards referenced in Section 903.3.1. The potable water supply shall be protected against backflow in accordance with the Health and Safety Code Section 13114.7 . For connections to public waterworks systems, the water supply test used for design of fire protection systems shall be adjusted to account for seasonal and daily pressure fluctuations based on information from the water supply authority and as approved by the fire code official.

    [F] 903.3.5.1 Domestic services. Where the domestic service provides the water supply for the automatic sprinkler system, the supply shall be in accordance with this section.

    [F] 903.3.5.2 Residential combination services. A single combination water supply shall be allowed provided that the domestic demand is added to the sprinkler demand as required by NFPA 13R.

    [F] 903.3.6 Hose threads. Fire hose threads and fittings used in connection with automatic sprinkler systems shall be as prescribed by the fire code official.

    [F] 903.3.7 Fire department connections. Fire department connections for automatic sprinkler systems shall be installed in accordance with Section 912.

    [F] 903.3.8 Limited area sprinkler systems. Limited area sprinkler systems shall be in accordance with the standards listed in Section 903.3.1 except as provided in Sections 903.3.8.1 through 903.3.8.5.

    [F] 903.3.8.1 Number of sprinklers. Limited area sprinkler systems shall not exceed six sprinklers in any single fire area.

    [F] 903.3.8.2 Occupancy hazard classification. Only areas classified by NFPA 13 as Light Hazard or Ordinary Hazard Group 1 shall be permitted to be protected by limited area sprinkler systems.

Frequently asked questions

Do sprinklers automatically lower required fire‑resistance ratings?

No. The CBC directs that fire‑resistance ratings be determined without using sprinkler credit (§ 703.2). Only where another specific section explicitly allows a reduction because sprinklers are installed can the rating be lowered, and that allowance is conditional.

Can I use a special engineered extinguishing system instead of sprinklers to get the same code reductions?

Not by default. § 904.2.1 says automatic fire‑extinguishing systems other than automatic sprinkler systems shall not be considered alternatives for purposes of sprinkler exceptions or reductions unless approved by the fire code official.

What does “equipped throughout” mean for sprinkler‑based exceptions?

The phrase refers to a system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 (the CBC’s sprinkler requirements for “throughout” coverage). Many code exceptions require that level of system installation and coverage to qualify. Confirm system design and coverage with the enforcing agency.

If I add sprinklers throughout an existing building, can I change the fire‑resistance ratings?

Potentially — the California Existing Building Code § 501.2 allows, with code official approval and supporting evaluation, required fire‑resistance ratings to be brought to current code when a building is sprinklered throughout. That is discretionary and requires documentation.

Are there specific, narrowly drawn sprinkler allowances I should watch for?

Yes. Examples include reducing shaft enclosure ratings to 1 hour if sprinklers are installed within the shafts at the top and at alternate floors (§ 403.2.1.2), and reductions tied to construction type in § 403.2.1.1 where certain device and monitoring conditions are met. Always check the exact subsection.

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