CBC · California Building Code

What code provisions govern shotcrete (materials, placement, testing)?

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Last reviewed: July 5, 2026

What the code requires — 2–4 sentences

Shotcrete for structural work in the CBC is required to comply with ACI 318 and the ACI 506 series; the CBC § 1908.1 expressly requires compliance with those standards and requires preconstruction shotcrete mockup testing and special inspection/testing per Chapter 17 provisions. The code also ties mockup evaluation criteria to ACI 506.4R and ACI 506.6T and requires shotcrete construction procedures to follow ACI 506.2. See § 1908.1 for the controlling statement and the special‑inspection/testing provisions in Chapter 17 for how the work is verified.

Requirements in detail

1) Which technical standards apply

  • The CBC requires shotcrete to comply with ACI 318 (Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete) and ACI 506R (Guide to Shotcreting) as the primary technical standards for materials, placement, and testing; shotcrete construction procedures are required to follow ACI 506.2. This is stated in § 1908.1.

2) Preconstruction mockup(s) and acceptance testing

  • The CBC mandates preconstruction tests of one or more shotcrete mockup panels prepared according to the Chapter 17 mockup requirements (see the Chapter 17 shotcrete special‑inspection subsection). The mockup must reproduce the most congested/thickest portions of the job, be shot with the same equipment/nozzleman and mix that will be used on the project, and be cored/examined and tested before work proceeds. Qualification of bar clearances or contact lap splices via the mockup must follow ACI 506.4R and the core‑quality guidance of ACI 506.6T as required by § 1908.1 and the Chapter 17 provisions.

3) Special inspection and continuous observation

  • Shotcrete work is subject to continuous special inspection during placing by an approved agency; the shotcrete special inspector must check materials, placing equipment, construction details and procedures and provide a verified report stating that the work complies with the approved construction documents. These requirements are invoked by § 1908.1 and implemented through the Chapter 17 special‑inspection sections (1705/1705A).

4) In‑place acceptance checks (cores and visual exam)

  • The code requires a minimum visual/core examination protocol for in‑place shotcrete: completed shotcrete shall be checked visually for embedment, voids, rock pockets, sand streaks, etc., and a minimum of three 3‑inch (76 mm) cores shall be taken from areas the design engineer selects to represent the worst congestion of reinforcement unless an exception applies. The special inspector examines the cores and reports to the enforcement agency prior to final approval. See § 1705A.3.9.1.

5) Materials certification / referenced test standards

  • The CBC requires that materials used in concrete operations meet the referenced ASTM/ACI standards and that the supplier furnish certification of compliance for cementitious materials when required by the code sections that govern concrete materials and testing; shotcrete materials are covered by the incorporated ACI/ASTM requirements called out in Chapter 19 and Chapter 17 special‑inspection/test sections. The code text ties shotcrete testing to the testing requirements in ACI 318 and ACI 506.

Decision‑relevant table (values / tests / references)

Decision / Value Typical CBC requirement or threshold Code Reference
Governing design & construction standards ACI 318; ACI 506R; shotcrete construction per ACI 506.2 § 1908.1
Mandatory preconstruction mockup One or more mockup panels, representative of most congested/thick area; shot with same equipment/nozzleman/mix § 1908.1; § 1705A.3.9.2
Mockup evaluation criteria Use ACI 506.4R; core‑quality = “Very Good” per ACI 506.6T when qualifying bar clearances/lap splices § 1908.1
Continuous special inspection during placing Required; special inspector verifies materials, equipment, procedures; verified report required § 1705.3.9 / § 1705A.3.9
In‑place acceptance cores Minimum three 3‑inch (76 mm) cores from worst‑congested areas (unless exception) § 1705A.3.9.1
Minimum specified compressive strength (where specified in related CBC items) Not less than 4,000 psi (27.6 MPa) for some CBC subsections that address shotcrete § 1909.4

(Notes: ACI documents contain the detailed sampling, specimen preparation, curing and acceptance criteria the CBC incorporates; the CBC text points users to those ACI provisions for the specific test procedures and acceptance criteria.)

Exceptions & special cases

  • Project types or state‑agency jurisdictions may carry additional or modified shotcrete requirements in adjacent CBC sections (for example the A/OSHPD/DSA prefixed sections and the “A” appendices that modify how ACI 318/506 is applied). Where those agency‑specific sections apply they are invoked in the code text that references shotcrete (see the A/OSHPD/DSA annotations in § 1908.1 and the related Chapter 19A/1909/1909A entries). Always check the project’s jurisdictional annotations in the CBC.
  • The Chapter 17 shotcrete special‑inspection subsections include an exception to the core‑testing requirement for shotcrete fully supported on earth, minor repairs, or where the enforcement agency determines no special hazard exists. See § 1705A.3.9.1 for that exception.
  • The CBC modifies some ACI 318 provisions for shotcrete in other sections (e.g., minimum clear spacing for ties placed with shotcrete, surface preparation and time limits for re‑shotting surfaces). Those modified ACI items appear in the CBC’s modification subsections — review the relevant 1909A/1909.3.x items that apply to your project type.

Common mistakes

  • Relying on a contractor’s “usual” shotcrete mix and nozzleman skills without an approved mockup and documented testing — the CBC requires the mockup(s) and evaluation per § 1908.1 and Chapter 17.
  • Assuming general concrete sampling rules cover shotcrete — shotcrete testing and acceptance are governed by the ACI shotcrete standards incorporated by reference and the CBC’s Chapter 17 special‑inspection rules; follow the mockup/core requirements and the ACI references called out in § 1908.1.
  • Skipping continuous special inspection during placing — Chapter 17 requires continuous inspection for shotcrete placing by an approved agency and a verified report. Missing this step risks rejection at final inspection.
  • Poor surface prep or improper timing when applying successive shotcrete lifts — the CBC (through its ACI modifications) requires specific surface preparation and laitance removal procedures when placement is interrupted; check the CBC‑modification language if your project is covered by those subsections.

Worked example — mockup + production acceptance (numbers)

Scenario: A reinforced retaining wall will be constructed by shotcrete. The thickest, most congested panel is 8 inches thick with No. 6 bars in the congested zone.

  1. Preconstruction mockup: Per § 1908.1 and § 1705A.3.9.2, the contractor shoots at least one mockup panel that reproduces the 8‑inch thickness and the worst reinforcement congestion, using the same nozzleman, equipment and mix that will be used in production. The mockup is cured, cored or sawed, examined and tested; reports are submitted to the building official prior to starting production.

  2. Mockup evaluation: The mockup is tested and evaluated in accordance with ACI 506.4R to confirm bar clearance and lap splice performance; the evaluation is to meet the core‑quality expectations equivalent to ACI 506.6T’s “Very Good” category as required by § 1908.1. If the mockup shows insufficient cover or unacceptable voids around the No. 6 bars, the mix, nozzle technique, or reinforcement detailing must be adjusted and a new mockup retested.

  3. Production & inspection: During production placing, continuous special inspection is performed and a verified report is maintained documenting materials, equipment and placement procedures, per Chapter 17 requirements invoked by § 1908.1. After the wall is placed, the special inspector takes the minimum three 3‑inch cores from the worst congested areas designated by the design engineer and forwards the results to the enforcement agency before final approval (per § 1705A.3.9.1). If a jurisdiction requires a specific specified compressive strength (e.g., 4,000 psi where that is invoked by the authority having jurisdiction), acceptance testing must show compliance with that strength.

Related provisions (CBC sections)

  • § 1908.1 — Shotcrete general requirement; refer to ACI 318 and ACI 506R and require mockup and special inspection/testing.
  • § 1705.3.9 / § 1705A.3.9 — Chapter 17 special inspections & tests: shotcrete continuous inspection and verified reports.
  • § 1705A.3.9.1 — Visual examination and minimum three 3‑inch cores for in‑place shotcrete soundness (and exception).
  • § 1705A.3.9.2 — Preconstruction mockup panel requirements (representative thickness/reinforcement, same nozzleman/equipment/mix).
  • § 1909.3.x / § 1909A — CBC modifications to ACI 318/506 that affect shotcrete (surface prep, spacing for ties, form venting, etc.) — see the 1909A modification subsections that apply to your project type.
  • § 1909.4 — (In related CBC subsections) statement that shotcrete shall conform to ACI 506.2/506R and specified compressive strength may be not less than 4,000 psi where that subsection applies.

If you need, I can extract the exact CBC sentence clusters for each of the cited sections and assemble a one‑page checklist for plan reviewers, contractors and inspectors showing the specific submittals, mockup details, inspector qualifications, and the reports the enforcement agency will expect.

Code references

Grounded in the retrieved California Building Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

  • CBC § 1907.2 High relevance — show source text

    1907.2 Nonstructural slabs-on-ground. Nonstructural slabs-on-ground shall be required to comply with Sections 1904.2, 1907.3 and 1907.4. Portions of the nonstructural slabs-on-ground used to resist uplift forces or overturning shall be designed in accordance with accepted engineering practice throughout the entire portion designated as dead load to resist uplift forces or overturning. 1907.3 Thickness. The thickness of concrete floor slabs supported directly on the ground shall be not less than 3 [1] / 2 inches (89 mm).

    1907.4 Vapor retarder. A 6-mil (0.006 inch; 0.15 mm) polyethylene vapor retarder with joints lapped not less than 6 inches (152 mm) shall be placed between the base course or subgrade and the concrete floor slab, or other approved equivalent methods or materials shall be used to retard vapor transmission through the floor slab.

    Exception: A vapor retarder is not required:

    1. For detached structures accessory to occupancies in Group R-3, such as garages, utility buildings or other unheated facilities.

    2. For unheated storage rooms having an area of less than 70 square feet (6.5 m [2] ) and carports attached to occupancies in Group R-3.

    3. For buildings of other occupancies where migration of moisture through the slab from below will not be detrimental to the intended occupancy of the building.

    4. For driveways, walks, patios and other flatwork that will not be enclosed at a later date.

    5. Where approved based on local site conditions.

    1907.4.1 [HCD 1] Capillary break. When a vapor retarder is required, a capillary break shall be installed in accordance with the Cali- fornia Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen), Chapter 4, Division 4.5.

    SECTION 1908—SHOTCRETE

    1908.1 General. Shotcrete shall be in accordance with the requirements of ACI 318. [OSHPD 1R, 2 & 5] and the provisions of ACI 506R.

    Preconstruction tests of one or more shotcrete mockup panels prepared in accordance with Section 1705.3.9.2 are required. In addi- tion to testing requirements in ACI 318, special inspection and testing shall be in accordance with Section 1705.3.9.

    The evaluation of the shotcrete mockup panel to qualify bar clearance dimensions in accordance with ACI 318 Section 25.2.7 or contact lap splices in accordance with ACI 318 Section 25.5.1.7 shall be in accordance with the requirements of ACI 506.4R with a core quality category of Very Good given in ACI 506.6T.

    Shotcrete construction shall be in accordance with the requirements of ACI 506.2.

    SECTION 1909—ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMUNITY COLLEGES [DSA-SS/CC]

    1909.1 General.

    1909.1.1 Construction documents. Openings larger than 12 inches (305 mm) in any dimension shall be detailed on the structural drawings.

    1909.2 Tests and materials. Where required, special inspections and tests shall be in accordance with Chapter 17A and this section. 1909.2.1 Steel fiber reinforcement - Not permitted.

  • CBC § 1705A.3.9.2 High relevance — show source text

    SECTION 1908 A —SHOTCRETE

    1908 A .1 General. Shotcrete shall be in accordance with the requirements of ACI 318 and the provisions of ACI 506R. Preconstruction tests of one or more shotcrete mockup panels prepared in accordance with Section 1705A.3.9.2 are required. In addition to testing requirements in ACI 318, special inspection and testing shall be in accordance with Section 1705A.3.9. The evaluation of the shotcrete mockup panel to qualify bar clearance dimensions in accordance with ACI 318 Section 25.2.7 or contact lap splices in accordance with ACI 318 Section 25.5.1.7 shall be in accordance with the requirements of ACI 506.4R with a core quality category of Very Good given in ACI 506.6T.

    Shotcrete construction shall be in accordance with the requirements of ACI 506.2.

    SECTION 1909A—MODIFICATIONS TO ACI 318

    1909A.1 General. The text of ACI 318 shall be modified as indicated in Sections 1909A.1.1 through 1909A.1.16.

    1909A.1.1 ACI 318, Section 4.12.2.2. Modify ACI 318, Section 4.12.2.2 by adding the following:

    Where prestressed concrete elements are restrained from movement, an analysis of the stresses in the prestressed elements and loads in the adjoining structural system induced by the above-described effects shall be made in accordance with PCI Design Handbook.

    1909A.1.2 ACI 318, Section 4.12.2.3. Modify ACI 318, Section 4.12.2.3 by adding the following:

    For prestressed concrete members with recessed or dapped ends, an analysis of the connections shall be made in accordance with procedures given in PCI Design Handbook.

    1909A.1.3 ACI 318, Section 9.6.1.3. Modify ACI 318, Section 9.6.1.3 by adding the following:

    This section shall not be used for members that resist seismic loads, except for either of the following conditions: 1. Foundation members for one-story wood-frame or one-story light steel buildings. 2. Foundation members designed for seismic load combinations including the overstrength factor. [OSHPD 1 & 4] The A s provided shall not be less than that required by 1.2 times the cracking load based upon f r defined in Section 19.2.3.

    1909A.1.4 ACI 318, Section 11.2.4.1. Replace ACI 318, Section 11.2.4.1 as follows:

    11.2.4.1 – Walls shall be anchored to intersecting elements such as floors or roofs; or to columns, pilasters, buttresses, of intersect- ing walls and footings with reinforcement at least equivalent to No. 4 bars at 12 inches (305 mm) on center for each layer of reinforcement.

    1909A.1.5 ACI 318, Section 11.7. Add Section 11.7.6 to ACI 318.1 as follows:

  • CBC § 1705A.3.5 High relevance — show source text

    The verified report shall be accompanied by test reports required_ for materials used. For site post-tensioning inspections the verified report shall be accompanied by copies of calibration charts, certified by an approved testing laboratory, showing the relationship between gage readings and force applied by the jacks used in the prestressing procedure

    1705A.3.5 Concrete pre-placement inspection. Concrete shall not be placed until the forms and reinforcement have been inspected, all preparations for the placement have been completed, and the preparations have been checked by the Inspector of Record.

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    SPECIAL INSPECTIONS AND TESTS

    1705A.3.6 Placing record. A record shall be kept on the site of the time and date of placing the concrete in each portion of the struc- ture. Such record shall be kept until the completion of the structure and shall be open to the inspection of the enforcement agency.

    1705A.3.7 Composite construction cores. Composite construction cores shall be taken and tested in accordance with Section 1910A.4 ( [DSA-SS/CC] 1909.2.6).

    1705A.3.8 Special Inspections and tests for post-installed anchors in concrete. [OSHPD 1R, 2 & 5, DSA-SS, DSA-SS/CC] Special inspections and tests for post-installed anchors in concrete shall be in accordance with Table 1705A.3 and Section 1910A.5 ( [DSA- SS/CC] 1909.2.7).

    1705A.3.9 Shotcrete. All shotcrete work shall be continuously inspected during placing by an approved agency. The special shot- crete inspector shall check the materials, placing equipment, details of construction and construction procedure. The approved agency shall furnish a verified report that of his or her own personal knowledge the work covered by the report has been performed and materials have been used and installed in every material respect in compliance with the duly approved plans and specifications.

    [DSA-SS, DSA-SS/CC] Testing requirements per ACI 318 and ACI 506.2 shall also apply.

    1705A.3.9.1 Visual examination for structural soundness of in-place shotcrete. Completed shotcrete work shall be checked visually for reinforcing bar embedment, voids, rock pockets, sand streaks and similar deficiencies by examining a minimum of three 3-inch (76 mm) cores taken from three areas chosen by the design engineer which represent the worst congestion of reinforc- ing bars occurring in the project. Extra reinforcing bars may be added to noncongested areas and cores may be taken from these areas. The cores shall be examined by the special inspector and a report submitted to the enforcement agency prior to final approval of the shotcrete.

    Exception: Shotcrete work fully supported on earth, minor repairs, and when, in the opinion of the enforcement agency, no special hazard exists.

    1705A.3.9.2 Preconstruction tests. A shotcrete mockup panel shall be shot, cured, cored or sawn, examined and tested prior to commencement of the project. The mockup panel shall be representative of the project and simulate job conditions as closely as _possible.

  • CBC § 1908.1 High relevance — show source text

    SECTION 1908—SHOTCRETE

    1908.1 General. Shotcrete shall be in accordance with the requirements of ACI 318. [OSHPD 1R, 2 & 5] and the provisions of ACI 506R.

    Preconstruction tests of one or more shotcrete mockup panels prepared in accordance with Section 1705.3.9.2 are required. In addi- tion to testing requirements in ACI 318, special inspection and testing shall be in accordance with Section 1705.3.9.

    The evaluation of the shotcrete mockup panel to qualify bar clearance dimensions in accordance with ACI 318 Section 25.2.7 or contact lap splices in accordance with ACI 318 Section 25.5.1.7 shall be in accordance with the requirements of ACI 506.4R with a core quality category of Very Good given in ACI 506.6T.

    Shotcrete construction shall be in accordance with the requirements of ACI 506.2.

    SECTION 1909—ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMUNITY COLLEGES [DSA-SS/CC]

    1909.1 General.

    1909.1.1 Construction documents. Openings larger than 12 inches (305 mm) in any dimension shall be detailed on the structural drawings.

    1909.2 Tests and materials. Where required, special inspections and tests shall be in accordance with Chapter 17A and this section. 1909.2.1 Steel fiber reinforcement - Not permitted.

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    CONCRETE

    1909.2.2 Cementitious material. The concrete supplier shall furnish to the enforcement agency certification that the cement proposed for use on the project has been manufactured and tested in compliance with the requirements of ASTM C150 for portland cement and ASTM C595 or ASTM C1157 for blended hydraulic cement, whichever is applicable. When a mineral admixture or ground granulated blast-furnace slag is proposed for use, the concrete supplier shall furnish to the enforcement agency certification that they have been manufactured and tested in compliance with ASTM C618 or ASTM C989, whichever is applicable. The concrete producer shall provide copies of the cementitious material supplier's certificate of compliance that represents the materials used by date of shipment for concrete. Cementitious materials without certification of compliance shall not be used.

    1909.2.3 Tests of reinforcing bars. Samples shall be taken from bundles as delivered from the mill, with the bundles identified as to heat number and the accompanying mill certificate. One tensile test and one bend test shall be made from a sample from each 10 tons (9080 kg) or fraction thereof of each size of reinforcing steel.

    Where positive identification of the heat number cannot be made or where random samples are to be taken, one series of tests shall be made from each 2 [1] / 2 tons (2270 kg) or fraction thereof of each size of reinforcing steel.

    Tests of reinforcing bars may be waived by the structural engineer with the approval of the Building Official for one-story buildings or non-building structures provided they are identified in the construction documents and certified mill test reports are provided to the inspector of record for each shipment of such reinforcement.

  • CBC § 19A-5 High relevance — show source text

    2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE 19A-5

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    CONCRETE

    1907 A .2 Nonstructural slabs-on-ground. Nonstructural slabs-on-ground shall be required to comply with Sections 1904 A .2, 1907 A .3 and 1907 A .4. Portions of the nonstructural slabs-on-ground used to resist uplift forces or overturning shall be designed in accordance with accepted engineering practice throughout the entire portion designated as dead load to resist uplift forces or overturning. 1907 A .3 Thickness. The thickness of concrete floor slabs supported directly on the ground shall be not less than 3 [1] / 2 inches (89 mm).

    1907 A .4 Vapor retarder. A 6-mil (0.006 inch; 0.15 mm) polyethylene vapor retarder with joints lapped not less than 6 inches (152 mm) shall be placed between the base course or subgrade and the concrete floor slab, or other approved equivalent methods or materials shall be used to retard vapor transmission through the floor slab.

    Exception: A vapor retarder is not required:

    1. For detached structures accessory to occupancies in Group R-3, such as garages, utility buildings or other unheated facilities.

    2. For unheated storage rooms having an area of less than 70 square feet (6.5 m [2] ) and carports attached to occupancies in Group R-3.

    3. For buildings of other occupancies where migration of moisture through the slab from below will not be detrimental to the intended occupancy of the building.

    4. For driveways, walks, patios and other flatwork that will not be enclosed at a later date.

    5. Where approved based on local site conditions.

    SECTION 1908 A —SHOTCRETE

    1908 A .1 General. Shotcrete shall be in accordance with the requirements of ACI 318 and the provisions of ACI 506R. Preconstruction tests of one or more shotcrete mockup panels prepared in accordance with Section 1705A.3.9.2 are required. In addition to testing requirements in ACI 318, special inspection and testing shall be in accordance with Section 1705A.3.9. The evaluation of the shotcrete mockup panel to qualify bar clearance dimensions in accordance with ACI 318 Section 25.2.7 or contact lap splices in accordance with ACI 318 Section 25.5.1.7 shall be in accordance with the requirements of ACI 506.4R with a core quality category of Very Good given in ACI 506.6T.

    Shotcrete construction shall be in accordance with the requirements of ACI 506.2.

    SECTION 1909A—MODIFICATIONS TO ACI 318

    1909A.1 General. The text of ACI 318 shall be modified as indicated in Sections 1909A.1.1 through 1909A.1.16.

    1909A.1.1 ACI 318, Section 4.12.2.2. Modify ACI 318, Section 4.12.2.2 by adding the following:

  • CBC § 1705.3.5 High relevance — show source text

    The approved agency shall make a verified_ report identifying the members by mark and shall include such pertinent data as lot numbers of tendons used, tendon jack- ing forces, age and strength of concrete at time of tendon release and such other information that may be required. 3. The special inspector of prestressed members post-tensioned at the site shall check the condition of the prestressing tendons, anchorage assemblies and concrete in the area of the anchorage, the tensioning equipment and the tensioning procedure and prepare daily written reports. The approved agency shall make a verified report of the prestressing opera- tion identifying the members or tendons by mark and including such pertinent data as the initial cable slack, net elongation of tendons, jacking force developed and such other information as may be required. 4. The verified reports of construction shall show that of the special inspector’s own personal knowledge, the work covered by the report has been performed and materials used and installed in every material respect in compliance with the duly approved construction documents for plant fabrication inspection. The verified report shall be accompanied by test reports required for materials used. For site post-tensioning special inspections, the verified report shall be accompanied by copies of calibration charts, certified by an approved testing laboratory, showing the relationship between gage readings and force applied by the jacks used in the prestressing procedure

    1705.3.5 Concrete pre-placement inspection. [OSHPD 1R, 2 & 5] Concrete shall not be placed until the forms and reinforcement have been inspected, all preparations for the placement have been completed, and the preparations have been checked by the Inspector of Record.

    1705.3.6 Placing record. [OSHPD 1R, 2 & 5] A record shall be kept on the site of the time and date of placing the concrete in each portion of the structure. Such record shall be kept until the completion of the structure and shall be open to the inspection of the enforcement agency.

    1705.3.7 Composite construction cores. [OSHPD 1R, 2 & 5] Composite construction cores shall be taken and tested in accordance with Section 1910A.4.

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    SPECIAL INSPECTIONS AND TESTS

    1705.3.8 Special Inspections and tests for post-installed anchors in concrete. [OSHPD 1R, 2 & 5] Special inspections and tests for post-installed anchors in concrete shall be in accordance with Table 1705.3 and Section 1901.3.

    1705.3.9 Shotcrete. [OSHPD 1R, 2 & 5] All shotcrete work shall be continuously inspected during placing by an approved agency. The shotcrete special inspector shall check the materials, placing equipment, details of construction and construction procedure. The approved agency shall furnish a verified report that of his or her own personal knowledge the work covered by the report has been performed and materials have been used and installed in every material respect in compliance with the duly approved construction documents.

  • CBC § 1705A.3.9 High relevance — show source text

    1705A.3.9 Shotcrete. All shotcrete work shall be continuously inspected during placing by an approved agency. The special shot- crete inspector shall check the materials, placing equipment, details of construction and construction procedure. The approved agency shall furnish a verified report that of his or her own personal knowledge the work covered by the report has been performed and materials have been used and installed in every material respect in compliance with the duly approved plans and specifications.

    [DSA-SS, DSA-SS/CC] Testing requirements per ACI 318 and ACI 506.2 shall also apply.

    1705A.3.9.1 Visual examination for structural soundness of in-place shotcrete. Completed shotcrete work shall be checked visually for reinforcing bar embedment, voids, rock pockets, sand streaks and similar deficiencies by examining a minimum of three 3-inch (76 mm) cores taken from three areas chosen by the design engineer which represent the worst congestion of reinforc- ing bars occurring in the project. Extra reinforcing bars may be added to noncongested areas and cores may be taken from these areas. The cores shall be examined by the special inspector and a report submitted to the enforcement agency prior to final approval of the shotcrete.

    Exception: Shotcrete work fully supported on earth, minor repairs, and when, in the opinion of the enforcement agency, no special hazard exists.

    1705A.3.9.2 Preconstruction tests. A shotcrete mockup panel shall be shot, cured, cored or sawn, examined and tested prior to commencement of the project. The mockup panel shall be representative of the project and simulate job conditions as closely as possible. The mockup panel thickness and reinforcing shall reproduce the thickest and most congested area specified in the struc- tural design. It shall be shot at the same angle, using the same nozzleman and with the same concrete mix design that will be used on the project. Adequate encasement of bars larger than No. 5 shall be demonstrated by the mockup panel. The equipment used in preconstruction testing shall be the same equipment used in the work requiring such testing, unless substitute equipment is approved by the building official. Reports of preconstruction tests shall be submitted to the building official as specified in Section 1704A.5. Approval from the enforcement agency must be obtained prior to performing shotcrete mockup panels.

    1705 A .4 Masonry construction. Special inspections and tests of masonry construction shall be performed in accordance with the quality assurance program requirements of TMS 402 and TMS 602, as set forth in Tables 3 and 4, Level 3 requirements and Chapter 21A. Testing shall be performed in accordance with Section 2105A ([DSA-SS/CC] 2115.8). Special inspection and testing of post-installed anchors in masonry shall be required in accordance with requirements for concrete in Chapters 17A and 19A. Batch plant inspection of grout materials shall be in accordance with Section 1705A.3.3.

  • CBC § 38.2 High relevance — show source text

    (a) Samples for strength tests of each class of concrete placed each day shall be taken not less than once a day, or not less than once for each 50 cubic yards (38.2 m [3] ) of concrete, or not less than once for each 2,000 square feet (186 m [2] ) of surface area for slabs or walls. Additional samples for seven-day compressive strength tests shall be taken for each class of concrete at the beginning of the concrete work or whenever the mix or aggregate is changed.

    1909.4 Shotcrete. Shotcrete shall also conform to the provisions of ACI 506.2 and ACI 506R. The specified compressive strength of shot- crete shall not be less than 4,000 psi (27.6 MPa). Preconstruction tests of one or more shotcrete mockup panels prepared in accordance with Section 1705A.3.9.2 are required. In addition to testing requirements in ACI 318, special inspection and testing shall be in accor- dance with Section 1705A.3.9. The evaluation of the shotcrete mockup panel to qualify bar clearance dimensions in accordance with ACI 318 Section 25.2.7 or contact lap splices in accordance with ACI 318 Section 25.5.1.7 shall be in accordance with the requirements of ACI 506.4R with a core quality category of Very Good given in ACI 506.6T. Tolerances for shotcrete construction shall be defined by the construction documents.

    1909.5 Existing concrete structures. The structural use of existing concrete with a core strength less than 1,500 psi (10.3MPa) is not permitted in rehabilitation work.

    For existing concrete structures, sufficient cores shall be taken at representative locations throughout the structure, as designated by the architect or structural engineer, so that knowledge will be had of the in-place strength of the concrete. At least three cores shall be taken from each building for each 4,000 square feet (372 m [2] ) of floor area, or fraction thereof. Cores shall be at least 4 inches (102 mm) in diameter. Cores as small as 2.75 inches (70 mm) in diameter may be allowed by the enforcement agency when reinforcement is closely spaced and the coarse aggregate does not exceed [3] / 4 inch (19 mm).

    SECTION 1910—ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SKILLED NURSING FACILITIES, INTERMEDIATE CARE FACILITIES, ACUTE PSYCHIATRIC AND NON-GAC BUILDINGS [OSHPD 1R, 2 & 5]

    1910.1 General.

    1910.1.1 Construction documents. Openings larger than 12 inches (305 mm) in any dimension shall be detailed on the structural drawings.

    1910.2 Tests and materials. Where required, special inspections and tests shall be in accordance with Chapter 17 and this section.

    1910.2.1 Cementitious material. The concrete supplier shall furnish to the enforcement agency certification that the cement proposed for use on the project has been manufactured and tested in compliance with the requirements of ASTM C150 for Portland _cement and ASTM C595 or ASTM C1157 for blended hydraulic cement, whichever is applicable.

  • CBC § 101.4.8 High relevance — show source text

    [OSHPD 1R, 2, 4 & 5] The provisions of the California Existing Building Code, Chapters 2, 3, 4 and 5 shall apply to all matters govern- ing the repairs, alterations, change of occupancy, additions and relocation of existing structures and portions thereof under OSHPD jurisdiction.

    101.4.8 Wildland-urban interface. The provisions of Part 7, the California Wildland-Urban Interface Code shall apply to buildings and structures built in the wildland-urban interface (WUI) or a Fire Hazard Severity Zone.

    SECTION 102—APPLICABILITY

    [A] 102.1 General. Where there is a conflict between a general requirement and a specific requirement, the specific requirement shall be applicable. Where, in any specific case, different sections of this code specify different materials, methods of construction or other requirements, the most restrictive shall govern.

    [A] 102.2 Other laws. The provisions of this code shall not be deemed to nullify any provisions of local, state or federal law.

    [A] 102.3 Application of references. References to chapter or section numbers, or to provisions not specifically identified by number, shall be construed to refer to such chapter, section or provision of this code.

    [A] 102.4 Referenced codes and standards. The codes and standards referenced in this code shall be considered to be part of the requirements of this code to the prescribed extent of each such reference and as further regulated in Sections 102.4.1 through 102.4.4.

    [A] 102.4.1 Conflicts. Where conflicts occur between provisions of this code and referenced codes and standards, the provisions of this code shall apply.

    [A] 102.4.2 Provisions in referenced codes and standards. Where the extent of the reference to a referenced code or standard includes subject matter that is within the scope of this code or the California Codes specified in Section 101.4, the provisions of this code or the California Codes specified in Section 101.4, as applicable, shall take precedence over the provisions in the referenced code or standard.

    102.4.3 Code references. [OSHPD 1, 1R, 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6, DSA-SS & DSA-SS/CC] All reference to International Codes or other similar codes in referenced standards shall be replaced by equivalent provisions in the California Building Standards Codes.

    102.4.4 Reference in standards. [OSHPD 1, 1R, 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6, DSA-SS & DSA-SS/CC] All references listed in reference standards shall be replaced by referenced standards listed in Chapter 35 of this code, where applicable, and shall include all amendments to the reference standards in this code.

    [A] 102.5 Partial invalidity. In the event that any part or provision of this code is held to be illegal or void, this shall not have the effect of making void or illegal any of the other parts or provisions.

    [A] 102.6 Existing structures. The legal occupancy of any structure existing on the date of adoption of this code shall be permitted to continue without change, except as otherwise specifically provided in this code, the California Existing Building Code or the Cali- fornia Fire Code .

  • CBC § 12.1 High relevance — show source text

    12.1|||X|||||||||||||||||||||| |1705.12.2|||X|||||||||||||||||||||| |1705.13.1.1|||||||||||X|X|||X|||||||||| |1705.13.1.2|||||||||||X|X|||X|||||||||| |1705.13.2|||X|||||||||||||||||||||| |1705.13.3|||X|||||||||||||||||||||| |1705.14.1.1|||||||||||X|X|||X|||||||||| |1705.14.1.2|||||||||||X|X|||X|||||||||| |1705.14.2|||||||||||X|X|||X|||||||||| |1705.14.3.1|||||||||||X|X|||X|||||||||| |1705.15|||X|||||||||||||||||||||| |1705.16|||X|||||||||||||||||||||| |1705.18|||X||||||||X|X|||X|||||||||| |1705.19_ –_1705.20|||X|||||||||||||||||||||| |1707.1|X|||X|X|||||||||||||||||||| |1710|||||||||||X|X|||X||||||||||

    The state agency does not adopt sections identified with the following symbol: The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to Section 1.11.

    17-2 2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    17 SPECIAL INSPECTIONS AND TESTS

    User notes:

    About this chapter: Chapter 17 provides a variety of procedures and criteria for testing materials and assemblies, and labeling materials and assemblies. Its key purposes are to establish where additional inspections/observations and testing must be provided, and the submittals and verifications that must be provided to the building official. This chapter expands on the inspections of Chapter 1 by requiring special inspection by a qualified individual where indicated and, in some cases, structural observation by a registered design professional. Quality assurance measures that verify proper assembly of structural components and the suitability of the installed materials are intended to provide a building that, once constructed, complies with the minimum structural and fire-resistance code requirements as well as the approved design. To determine this compliance often requires frequent inspections and testing at specific stages of construction.

    ICC code development note: Code change proposals to sections preceded by the designation [BF] will be considered by the IBC—Fire Safety Code Development Committee during the 2024 (Group A) Code Development Cycle. Sections preceded by the designation [F] will be considered by the International Fire Code Development Committee during the 2024 (Group A) Code Development Cycle. All other code change proposals will be considered by the IBC—Structural Code Development Committee during the Group B cycle.

    SECTION 1701—GENERAL

    1701.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the quality, workmanship and requirements for materials covered. Materials of construction and tests shall conform to the applicable standards listed in this code.

    1701.1.1 Application. [OSHPD] The scope of application of Chapter 17 is as follows:

  • CBC § 0.1 High relevance — show source text

    For sections classified as transition, it shall be permitted to useφ corresponding to compression-controlled sections.
    2. ε_t_
    * is the greater of net tensile strain calculated for Pn = 0.1Agf c′_ and (ε_ty + 0.003).
    3. For sections with factored axial compression force Pu ≥ 0.1Agfc′, φ shall be calculated using equation (c) or (d) for sections classified as transition, as applicable.|

    1909.3.7 ACI 318, Section 25.2.10. Modify ACI 318 Section 25.2.10 as follows:

    25.2.10 - For ties and hoops in columns to be placed with shotcrete, minimum clear spacing shall be 3 in. Shotcrete shall not be applied to spirally tied columns.

    1909.3.8 ACI 318, Section 26.5.2. Modify ACI 318 Section 26.5.2.1 by replacing Items (l), (m) and (n) and adding item (q) as follows:

    (l) Shotcrete surfaces intended to receive subsequent shotcrete placement following an interruption of 30 minutes or more shall be roughened to a full amplitude of approximately [1] / 4 in. before the shotcrete has reached final set. The film of laitance which forms on the surface of the shotcrete shall be removed within approximately 2 hours after application by brushing with a stiff broom. If this film is not removed within 2 hours, it shall be removed by thorough wire brushing or a mechanical method accept- able to the enforcement agency.

    (m) Before placing additional material onto hardened shotcrete, laitance shall be removed, joints shall be cleaned and the surface shall be dampened. Construction joints over 8 hours old shall be thoroughly cleaned with air and water prior to receiving shotcrete.

    (n) In-place fresh concrete that exhibits sags, sloughs, segregation, honeycombing, sand pockets, or other obvious defects shall be removed and replaced. Shotcrete above sags and sloughs shall be removed and replaced while still plastic.

    (q) Surface preparation: Concrete or masonry to receive shotcrete shall have the entire surface thoroughly cleaned and rough- ened by a mechanical method acceptable to the enforcement agency, and just prior to receiving shotcrete, shall be thoroughly cleaned of all debris, dirt and dust. Concrete and masonry shall be brought to a saturated surface-dry (SSD) before shotcrete is deposited.

    1909.3.9 ACI 318, Section 26.11.1.2. Modify ACI 318, Section 26.11.1.2 by adding Item (e) as follows:

    (e) Forms for shotcrete shall be substantial and rigid. Forms shall be built and placed so as to permit the escape of air and rebound. Adequate ground wires, which are to be used as screeds, shall be placed to establish the thickness, surface planes and form of the shotcrete work. All surfaces shall be rodded to these wires.

    2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE 19-11

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    CONCRETE

  • CBC § 19A-3 Medium relevance — show source text

    1901A General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19A-3

    1902A Coordination of Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19A-4

    1903A Specifications for Tests and Materials . . . . . . . . . . . .19A-4

    1904A Durability Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19A-4

    1905A Seismic Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19A-4

    1906A Reserved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19A-5

    1907A Slabs-on-Ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19A-5

    1908A Shotcrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19A-6

    1909A Modifications to ACI 318. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19A-6

    1910A Concrete, Reinforcement and Anchor Testing . . . . .19A-9

    1911A Existing Concrete Structures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19A-10

    CHAPTER 20 ALUMINUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-1

    2001 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-3

    2002 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-3

    2003 Testing and Inspection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20-3

    CHAPTER 21 MASONRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-1

    2101 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-3

    2102 Notations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-4

    2103 Masonry Construction Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-4

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