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42 U.S.C. §§ 4321–4347 — National Environmental Policy Act

§4370m–6. Litigation, judicial review, and savings provision

42 U.S.C. §§ 4321–4347 — National Environmental Policy Act · 2026 edition · updated 2026-07-29 · United States

(a) Limitations on claims

(1) In general

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a claim arising under Federal law seeking judicial review of any authorization issued by a Federal agency for a covered project shall be barred unless—

(A) the claim is filed not later than 2 years after the date of publication in the Federal Register of notice of final agency action on the authorization, unless a shorter time is specified in the Federal law under which judicial review is allowed; and

(B) in the case of an action pertaining to an environmental review conducted under NEPA—

(i) the claim is filed by a party that submitted a comment during the environmental review; and

(ii) any commenter filed a sufficiently detailed comment so as to put the lead agency on notice of the issue on which the party seeks judicial review, or the lead agency did not provide a reasonable opportunity for such a comment on that issue.

(2) New information

(A) In general

The head of a lead agency or participating agency shall consider new information received after the close of a comment period if the information satisfies the requirements under regulations implementing NEPA.

(B) Separate action

If Federal law requires the preparation of a supplemental environmental impact statement or other supplemental environmental document, the preparation of such document shall be considered a separate final agency action and the deadline for filing a claim for judicial review of the agency action shall be 2 years after the date on which a notice announcing the final agency action is published in the Federal Register, unless a shorter time is specified in the Federal law under which judicial review is allowed.

(3) Rule of construction

Nothing in this subsection creates a right to judicial review or places any limit on filing a claim that a person has violated the terms of an authorization.

(b) Preliminary injunctive relief

In addition to considering any other applicable equitable factors, in any action seeking a temporary restraining order or preliminary injunction against an agency or a project sponsor in connection with review or authorization of a covered project, the court shall—

(1) consider the potential effects on public health, safety, and the environment, and the potential for significant negative effects on jobs resulting from an order or injunction; and

(2) not presume that the harms described in paragraph (1) are reparable.

(c) Judicial review

Except as provided in subsection (a), nothing in this subchapter affects the reviewability of any final Federal agency action in a court of competent jurisdiction.

(d) Savings clause

Nothing in this subchapter—

(1) supersedes, amends, or modifies any Federal statute or affects the responsibility of any Federal officer to comply with or enforce any statute; or

(2) creates a presumption that a covered project will be approved or favorably reviewed by any agency.

(e) Limitations

Nothing in this subchapter preempts, limits, or interferes with—

(1) any practice of seeking, considering, or responding to public comment; or

(2) any power, jurisdiction, responsibility, or authority that a Federal, State, or local governmental agency, metropolitan planning organization, Indian tribe, or project sponsor has with respect to carrying out a project or any other provisions of law applicable to any project, plan, or program.

(Pub. L. 114–94, div. D, title XLI, §41007, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1758; Pub. L. 117–58, div. G, title VIII, §70801(e), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 1293.)

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▸ Contents — 42 U.S.C. §§ 4321–4347 — National Environmental Policy Act
42 U.S.C. §§ 4321–4347 — National Environmental Policy Act
  1. ▸ 42 U.S.C. §§ 4321–4347 — National Environmental Policy Act
    Overview
    1. §4321. Congressional declaration of purpose
    2. §4331. Congressional declaration of national environmental pol…
    3. §4332. Cooperation of agencies; reports; availability of infor…
    4. §4332a. Repealed. Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §1304(j)(2)…
    5. §4333. Conformity of administrative procedures to national env…
    6. §4334. Other statutory obligations of agencies
    7. §4335. Efforts supplemental to existing authorizations
    8. §4336. Procedure for determination of level of review
    9. §4336a. Timely and unified Federal reviews
    10. §4336b. Programmatic environmental document
    11. §4336c. Adoption of categorical exclusions
    12. §4336d. E-NEPA
    13. §4336e. Definitions
    14. §4336f. Project sponsor opt-in fees for environmental reviews
    15. §4341. Omitted
    16. §4342. Establishment; membership; Chairman; appointments
    17. §4343. Employment of personnel, experts and consultants
    18. §4344. Duties and functions
    19. §4345. Consultation with Citizens' Advisory Committee on Envir…
    20. §4346. Tenure and compensation of members
    21. §4346a. Travel reimbursement by private organizations and Fede…
    22. §4346b. Expenditures in support of international activities
    23. §4347. Authorization of appropriations
    24. §§4361, 4361a. Repealed. Pub. L. 104–66, title II, §2021(k)(1)…
    25. §4370m–1. Federal Permitting Improvement Steering Council
    26. §4370m–2. Permitting process improvement
    27. §4370m–3. Interstate compacts
    28. §4370m–4. Coordination of required reviews
    29. §4370m–5. Delegated State permitting programs
    30. §4370m–6. Litigation, judicial review, and savings provision
    31. §4370m–7. Reports
    32. §4370m–8. Funding for governance, oversight, and processing of…
    33. §4370m–9. Application
    34. §4370m–10. GAO report
    35. §4370m–11. Savings provision

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