Article 8 — Definitions

July 2025 Title 18 – Zoning Code

TABLE OF CONTENTS

18.160.010 – “A” Definitions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8-1 18.160.020 – “B” Definitions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8-3 18.160.030 – “C” Definitions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8-4 18.160.040 – “D” Definitions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8-7 18.160.050 – “E” Definitions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8-8 18.160.060 – “F” Definitions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8-9 18.160.070 – “G” Definitions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8-11 18.160.080 – “H” Definitions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8-11 18.160.090 – “I” Definitions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8-12 18.160.100 – “J” Definitions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8-13 18.160.110 – “K” Definitions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8-13 18.160.120 – “L” Definitions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8-13 18.160.130 – “M” Definitions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8-14 18.160.140 – “N” Definitions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8-15 18.160.150 – “O” Definitions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8-16 18.160.160 – “P” Definitions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8-17 18.160.170 – “Q” Definitions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8-20 18.160.180 – “R” Definitions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8-21 18.160.190 – “S” Definitions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8-22 18.160.200 – “T” Definitions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8-26 18.160.210 – “U” Definitions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8-26 18.160.220 – “V” Definitions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8-27 18.160.230 – “W” Definitions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8-28 18.160.240 – “X” Definitions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8-29 18.160.250 – “Y” Definitions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8-29 18.160.260 – “Z” Definitions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8-30

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Table of Contents

Article 2 – Zones, Allowable Uses, and Development Standards

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Article 8 – Definitions

Abandon. To cease or suspend from developing or maintaining a structure or use for 12 months or more.

Abutting. Having a common border with or being separated from a common border by a right-of-way, street, alley, easement, or having property lines in common.

Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU). Residential dwelling unit with permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking, and sanitation that is located on the same lot as an existing single-family or multi-family dwelling. An ADU is intended for the habitation by one or more persons, and may take one of the following two (2) forms:

• Detached. The unit is separated from the primary single-family dwelling.

• Attached. The unit is attached to the primary single-family dwelling (i.e., an addition). This includes converted ADUs (i.e., a garage conversion) and Junior Accessory Dwelling Units.

Accessory Dwelling Unit, Junior. “ Junior accessory dwelling unit ” means an ADU that is no more than 500 square feet in size and contained entirely within an existing single-family structure or accessory building. A junior accessory dwelling unit may include separate sanitation facilities or may share sanitation facilities with the existing structure.

Accessory Structure. A structure, either attached or detached, (e.g., carports, garages, storage sheds, workshops) that is customarily part of, and clearly incidental, related, secondary, and subordinate to the primary structure. See Section 18.60.030 (Accessory Uses)

Accessory Use. Means a use that is customarily associated with and subordinate or incidental to the Primary Use of a lot or structure. See Section 18.60.030 (Accessory Uses)

Acres, Gross. The entire acreage of a site, including easements.

Acres, Net. The portion of a site that can actually be built upon. The following generally are not included in the net acreage of a site: public or private road rights of way, public open space, easements, and floodways.

Addition. A structure added to an existing, permitted structure or building.

Adult Business Uses. Includes the following:

(1) “Adult book store” means a building or portion thereof used by a business which has as a substantial or significant portion of its stock in trade for sale to the public, or certain members thereof, books, magazines or other publications which are distinguished or characterized by their emphasis on matter depicting, describing or relating to “specified sexual activities” or “specified anatomical areas” (as hereinafter defined).

(2) “Adult cabaret” means a building or portion thereof or area used for the presentation or exhibition or featuring of topless and/or bottomless dancers, persons engaging in “specified sexual activities” (as hereinafter defined), strippers, male or female impersonators or similar entertainers for observation by patrons or customers.

(3) “Adult motion picture theater” means a building or portion thereof or area, open or enclosed, used for the presentation of motion pictures distinguished or characterized by an emphasis on matter depicting, describing or relating to “specified sexual activities” or “specified anatomical areas” (as hereinafter defined) for observation by patrons or customers.

(4) “Adult novelty store” means a building or portion thereof used by a business which has a substantial or significant portion (over twenty-five percent (25%) of the business’ stock in trade for sale or rental to the public or over twenty-five percent (25%) of its gross dollar of business or, if applicable, over twenty-five

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percent (25%) of the actual display area of the store) of its stock in trade for sale or rental to the public, or certain members thereof, adult-oriented novelty items which are distinguished or characterized by their emphasis or use for “specified sexual activities” (as hereinafter defined).

(5) “Nude encounter studio” means a building or portion thereof or area used, upon payment of any compensation (as hereinafter defined), for permitting the patron or customer to meet, be present privately, or otherwise “encounter” a person or persons who are topless and/or bottomless and are employed for such purpose (as hereinafter defined) by the operator of such establishment.

(6) “Nude photography studio” means a building or portion thereof or area used upon payment of any compensation (as hereinafter defined), for permitting the patron or customer to photograph a person or persons who are topless and/or bottomless and who are employed for such purpose (as hereinafter defined) by the operator of such establishment.

Reference Santa Clara City Code Chapter 18.62, Adult Business Uses.

Airports. Areas of land designated and set aside for the landing and taking off of any aircraft regulated by the Federal Aviation Administration.

Alley. Public or private roadway, customarily located at the rear or side of properties, permanently reserved as means of vehicular or pedestrian access to abutting properties.

Alteration. Any construction or physical change in the internal arrangement of rooms or the supporting members of a structure or change in the appearance of any structure.

Alteration, Landscaping. Any construction or physical change in approved landscaping either in the form of plantings, trees, or other landscape sculptural pieces.

Alteration, Parking. Any construction or physical change in the internal arrangement or placement of parking stalls or change in the appearance of a parking lot or parking garage.

Alteration, Historic Preservation. Any change or expansion to an HRI property that involves:

1. changes to the exterior of a structure, such as its surface materials or its architectural features, or

2. substantial reconfiguration of the interior space.

Ambulance Service. Emergency medical transportation, including incidental storage, offices, sleeping accommodations, and maintenance of vehicles.

Antenna . A device for transmitting or receiving radio, television, or any other transmitted signal.

Apartment. Residential dwelling unit contained within a structure with three or more dwelling units which is designed and built for rental occupancy.

Applicant . A person who submits a land use application and who is the property owner, or authorized agent of the owner who is legally authorized to act for the owner of record.

Architectural Feature . Architectural elements embodying the historical significance or architectural style, design, general arrangement, and components of all the exterior surfaces of a building or structure, including, but not limited to, the type of building materials, and type and style of windows, doors, design, arrangement, massing, texture, painted and unpainted surfaces and materials.

Area, Gross. The entire area of a site, including easements.

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Assisted Living Facilities. A combination of housing, personalized supportive services, and health-related care. Meant for those who require help with activities of daily living. Includes, but is not limited to, the following:

• Residential Care Facilities for the Elderly (RCFEs) and Adult Residential Care Facilities (ARFs) licensed through the California Department of Social Services.

• Also includes skilled nursing facilities licensed through the California Department of Public Health, which offer 24-hr medical and nursing care for chronic and short-term conditions.

• • Housing for the ambulatory aged.

Attached. Any structure that has an interior wall or roof in common with another structure

Awning. A sheet of canvas or other material on a frame and used to keep the sun or rain off a storefront, window, doorway, or deck.

Banks and Financial Establishments. Commercial establishment including federally chartered banks, savings and loan associations, industrial loan companies, and credit unions providing retail banking services to individuals and businesses.

Banks and Financial Establishments, Stand-alone ATM. Stand-alone commercial establishment typically in the form of a self-serve kiosk located in retail shopping centers, areas for commercial entertainment, or adjacent to pedestrian walkways, that provide retail banking services to individuals and businesses.

Bar. Commercial establishment used primarily for the sale of alcoholic beverages to be consumed on the premises.

Basement. The portion of a structure between the floor and ceiling that is partly below and partly above grade, but so located that the vertical distance from grade to floor of the basement is less than the vertical distance from grade to ceiling.

Bedroom. A habitable room that includes a closet of not less than two feet in interior depth and three feet in width.

Bed and Breakfast Inn. Residential structure used as a lodging establishment in which the manager is an occupant in the structure and receives compensation in exchange for providing overnight sleeping accommodations which contain no individual cooking facilities, on a less than weekly basis, and in which breakfast is included as part of the basic service.

Body-Piercing Shop. A building or portion thereof where piercing of human body parts is administered or from which a body-piercing business or service is operated. This shall not include establishments which limit their piercing to ears only.

Brewery. Establishment where malt beverages are manufactured on the premises. Retail sale of related promotional items may be allowed as part of the brewery operation. A brewery may also include a tasting room and entertainment space as part of an accessory use if the floor area used for the tasting room is less than or equal to 25 percent of the total floor area of the facility.

Broadcasting or Recording Studio. Commercial establishment that creates or broadcasts radio and television programs.

Buffer. Strip of land established to separate incompatible or different land uses. Normally a buffer area is landscaped and retained as open space. The term may be used more broadly to describe any area or use

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that separates two unlike land uses (e.g., the use of multi-family housing located between single-family housing and commercial uses).

Building. Any structure built for the support, shelter, or enclosure of persons, animals, chattels, or property of any kind.

Building Material Stores and Yard. Indoor and/or outdoor retail establishment selling hardware, tools, appliances, lumber and other building materials, plants, portable spas, and other landscaping materials. May also include the rental of tools and equipment used in the building trades.

Building Site. A lot or parcel of land in single or joint ownership, and occupied or to be occupied by a building or buildings, together with such open spaces as are required by the terms of this title and having its frontage on a public street, road, highway, or permanent means of access thereto by way of a Cityapproved public accessway or thoroughfare for vehicular or pedestrian travel.

Business Support Service Center. Commercial establishment that provide services to other businesses including maintenance, repair and service, testing, rental, etc. Illustrative examples of these services include:

• computer-related services (rental, repair)

• copying and quick printing services

• film processing and photofinishing (retail)

• graphic design services

• mailing and mail box services

• security systems services

• testing laboratories (soils, materials, testing, etc.)

Call Center. An office equipped to handle a large volume of calls especially for taking orders or servicing customers.

California Register of Historical Resources. The authoritative guide in California to be used by State and local agencies, private groups, and citizens to identify the State’s historical resources and to indicate what properties are to be protected, to the extent prudent and feasible, from substantial adverse change. (Public Resources Code Section 5024.1(a))

Caretaker Housing. A residence that is accessory to a nonresidential primary use and that is used for security, 24-hour care or supervision, or monitoring facilities, equipment or other conditions on the site.

Carport . A permanent roofed structure not completely enclosed to be used for vehicle parking.

Car Wash and Detailing Facility. Permanent, self-service and/or attended motor vehicle washing establishment, including fully mechanized facilities. May include detailing services and the limited sale of retail merchandise customarily used by the motorists.

Cemetery and Mausoleum. An area set aside for or containing the long-term confinement of graves, tombs, or funeral urns.

Character-defining feature. Architectural features of a building, structure, or object that help convey the significance of the HRI property and which were present during the period of significance.

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Check-Cashing Shop. A building or portion thereof where checks or money orders are cashed or money orders or wires are issued and these services are a significant part of the business (over twenty-five percent (25%) of the gross dollar volume of business). This does not include banks, savings and loan institutions, credit unions, or other banking organizations regulated by State or Federal law.

Child Day Care Facility. Establishment that provides non-medical care and supervision of minor children for periods of less than 24 hours. These facilities include the following, all of which are required to be licensed by the State Department of Social Services:

Child day care home . A child day care facility located in a residence where an occupant of the residence provides care and supervision for up to 14 children in compliance with Health and Safety Code Sections 1597.44 and 1597.465. Children under the age of 10 years who reside in the home count as children served by the day care facility. See Section 18.60.070 (Article 4) for additional standards.

Child day care center. A child day care facility not operated as a small or large family day care home. Includes infant centers, preschools, and extended child day care facilities. These may be operated in conjunction with a business, school, or religious facility.

Commercial Recreational Facility, Indoor. Facility for participant sports and similar types of recreation, including indoor sports complexes, bingo parlors, billiard and pool halls, dance halls, clubs, ballrooms, bowling alleys, laser tag, indoor waterpark and/or aquatic park, and ice skating and roller rinks. This use may also include ancillary commercial facilities customarily associated with the above indoor commercial recreation uses, including but not limited to bars and restaurants, fast-food restaurants, and video game arcades.

Commercial Recreational Facility, Outdoor. Facility for various outdoor participant sports and similar types of recreation, including amusement, theme and kiddie parks; drive-in theaters; golf driving ranges independent from golf courses; miniature golf courses (golf courses are included under the definition of Parks and Playgrounds); outdoor waterparks and/or aquatic parks; skateboard parks and water slides; gocart and miniature auto race tracks; recreation equipment rental (e.g., ATV’s and other non-highway motor vehicles, roller skates); tennis courts, swim and tennis clubs. May also include ancillary commercial facilities customarily associated with the above outdoor commercial recreational uses, including but not limited to bars and restaurants, fast-food restaurants, video game arcades, etc.

Commercial Vehicle. A vehicle with commercial license plates, which is equipped with dual rear wheels and is not designed and used for recreational housing purposes.

Common Interest Development. “Common interest development” means a community apartment project, condominium project or a stock cooperative as defined by Section 4100 of the Civil Code, as may be amended.

Common Living Area. The area of a dwelling available to all residents of a unit, including the living room, dining room and kitchen, but exclusive of bathrooms and hallways.

Communication Equipment, Electrical Distribution, Transmission Station. Facility supporting electric and telecommunication services.

Community Care Facility. Any facility, place, or structure which is maintained and operated to provide, day treatment, adult day care, or foster family agency services for children, adults, or children and adults, including, but not limited to the physically handicapped, mentally impaired, incompetent persons, and abused or neglected children.

Community Garden. Site used for growing plants for food, herbs, or flowers, which is shared and maintained by City residents.

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Community Center. Structure used for recreational, social, educational, or cultural activities, usually owned and operated by a public or nonprofit group or agency.

“Community ownership ” means: (i) a joint ownership of land and/or improvements combined with a separate ownership or exclusive right of occupancy of a unit or (ii) an investment apartment complex, which is defined as having separate ownership of at least two contiguous dwelling units per each ownership with all dwelling units to be rental units. The characteristics of the various forms of community ownership are as follows:

(A) “Community apartment” is an interest in real property in which an undivided interest in the land is coupled with the right of exclusive occupancy of any apartment located thereon.

(B) “Condominium” is an interest in real property consisting of an undivided interest in common in a portion of a parcel of real property together with a separate interest in space in a residential, industrial, or commercial building on such real property, such as an apartment, office, or store. A condominium may include, in addition, a separate interest in other portions of such real property. Such estate may, with respect to the duration of its enjoyment, be (i) an estate of inheritance or perpetual estate, (ii) an estate for life, or (iii) an estate for years, such as a leasehold or subleasehold.

(C) “Investment apartments” is an interest in real property wherein an apartment complex has multiple ownership of contiguous rental dwelling units of at least two contiguous units per each ownership, with all dwelling units in the project to remain rental units. This separate ownership of multiple rental dwelling units is combined with common ownership by the associated unit owners of the land and buildings where such units are located.

(D) “Planned development” is an interest in real property, excluding condominiums, community apartments, and stock cooperatives, having either or both of the following features:

(i) Any contiguous lots, parcels, or areas (hereinafter collectively referred to as “common area[s]”) are owned in common by the owners of the separately owned lots, parcels, or areas. Said common area(s) may consist of areas or facilities; the beneficial use and enjoyment of said common area(s) characteristically are reserved to some or all of the owners of separately owned lots, parcels, or areas.

(ii) Any power exists (A) to enforce any obligation in connection with membership in an owners’ association or (B) to enforce any obligation pertaining to the beneficial use and enjoyment of any portion of, or any interest in, either the separately or commonly owned lots, parcels, or areas by means of a levy or assessment, which may become a lien upon the separately owned lots, parcels, or areas of defaulting owners or members. Said lien may be foreclosed in any manner provided by law for the foreclosure of mortgages or deeds of trust, with or without a power of sale.

nd enjoyment of any portion of, or any interest in, either the separately or commonly owned lots, parcels, or areas by means of a levy or assessment, which may become a lien upon the separately owned lots, parcels, or areas of defaulting owners or members. Said lien may be foreclosed in any manner provided by law for the foreclosure of mortgages or deeds of trust, with or without a power of sale.

(E) “Stock cooperative” is a corporation that is formed or availed of primarily for the purpose of holding title to improved real property, either in fee simple or for a term of years, if all or substantially all of the shareholders of such corporation receive a right of exclusive occupancy in a portion of the real property, title to which is held by the corporation, which right of occupancy is transferable only concurrently with the transfer of the share or shares of stock in the corporation held by the person having such right of occupancy.

Community Ownership Project.

(A) “Community apartment project” means a project containing two or more apartment units in a community apartment, as community apartment is defined hereinabove, and shall include a conversion to such a project.

(B) “Condominium project” means a project containing two or more condominium units, as condominium is defined hereinabove, and shall include a conversion to such a project.

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(C) “Investment apartment project” means a project containing at least seventy-five (75) rental units that has been subdivided into multiple blocks of unit ownership of at least two contiguous rental units per ownership block, as investment apartment is defined hereinabove, and shall include a conversion to such a project.

(D) “Planned development project” means a project containing two or more separately owned lot, parcel, or area units in a planned development, as planned development is defined hereinabove, and shall include a conversion to such a project.

(E) “Stock cooperative project” means a project containing two or more units of improved real property held by a stock cooperative, as stock cooperative is defined hereinabove, and shall include a conversion to such a project.

Condominium. An interest in real estate property consisting of an undivided interest in common in a portion of a parcel of real property together with sperate interest in space in a residential, industrial, or commercial structure on real property such as an apartment, office, or store.

Conference Center. See “Places of Assembly.”

Congregate Care. See “Assisted Living Facilities.”

Conversion. A change in the type of ownership of a parcel or parcels of land, together with the existing attached structures, to that defined for the appropriate type of community ownership project, as defined herein, regardless of the present or prior use of such lands and structures and regardless of whether improvements have been made or are to be made to such structures.

Crematory. Facility where the bodies of deceased people are cremated.

Cul-de-sac. A street closed at one end with a circular turnaround.

Data Center. A facility that is very limited in the number of on-site staff and contains a large number of networked computer servers typically used by businesses and organizations for the remote storage, and distribution of large amounts of data. Also includes Data Warehouses.

Data Center, ancillary. A facility of networked computer servers for private use by an industrial user, and subordinate and accessory to the primary use. Ancillary Data Centers are limited to 20% of the building square footage on a site and a maximum power draw of nine (9) Megawatts.

Demolition. The destruction, in whole or in part, of the original physical elements or building materials of an HRI property, including features that contribute to its historic character, architecture and integrity. Notwithstanding the foregoing, alteration work that qualifies as a small project as defined in this chapter shall not constitute demolition.

Demolition by Neglect. Negligence resulting in the deterioration and irreversible harm to the original features and materials of an HRI property leading to substantial deterioration and/or structural failure constituting a threat to public health, safety and visual impact to a street, neighborhood or defined geographic area.

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Density. The number of dwelling units per gross acre, unless otherwise stated, for residential uses.

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Distillery. Establishment where distilled spirits are manufactured. Retail sale of related promotional items may be allowed as part of the distillery operation. A distillery may also include a tasting room and entertainment space as part of an accessory use if the floor area used for the tasting room is less than or equal to 25 percent of the total floor area of the facility.

Dormitory. Structure intended or used principally for sleeping accommodations, where the structure is related to an educational or public institution, including religious institutions and fraternities and sororities.

Dwelling, Multifamily. Residential structure containing three or more residential dwelling units, each of which is for the occupancy by one or more persons living as a single housekeeping unit. Includes: triplexes (structures under single ownership with three dwelling units in the same structure); fourplexes (structure under single ownership with four dwelling units in the same structure); apartments (five or more dwelling units under single ownership in the same structure or complex); and common ownership attached unit projects including condominiums and townhouses. Does not include two-family residential dwellings.

Dwelling, Single-Family. Residential structure containing one dwelling unit located on a single parcel of land for occupancy by one single household living as a single housekeeping unit. Also includes manufactured housing and mobile homes, when placed on a permanent foundation system.

Dwelling, Two-Family. Residential structure containing two dwelling units located on a single parcel of land for occupancy by two single households living as a single housekeeping unit.

Easement. The right to use the real property of another for a specific purpose.

Electric Power Plant. All equipment, fixtures, and personal property operated or maintained in connection with the production of electricity with a generating capacity of more than five hundred (500) kilowatts including all conduits, ducts, or other devices, materials, apparatus, or property used or to be used for the transmission of the electricity so produced.

Electric Vehicle Charging Station (EV Station). A device or facility that provides power to charge the batteries of electric vehicles.

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Employee Housing. Housing provided for six or fewer employees of a single employer. Such housing shall be deemed a single-family structure and a residential use of the property by a single household. All residents of the employee housing must be employed by the owner of the home.

Emergency Shelter. Housing with minimal supportive services for homeless persons that is limited to an occupancy of six months or less by homeless persons or families, where no one may be denied emergency shelter because of an inability to pay; as defined and used in California Health and Safety Code Section 50801. The definition also includes other interim interventions, including, but not limited to, navigation centers, bridge housing, and respite or recuperative care.

Equipment Sales and Rental Facility. Service establishment with or without outdoor storage/rental yards, which offer a wide variety of equipment types, including construction equipment.

Evaluation. The process by which the significance and integrity of a building, structure, object or site is judged according to the National Park Service Standards set forth in 36 CFR Part 61 and using the designation criteria outlined in SCCC 18.106.040(a) (Designation Criteria).

Farmers Market (certified). A "certified farmers' market" means a food facility as defined under Section 113742 of the California Health and Safety Code, as the same may be amended from time to time, whose location and operation meet all of the following criteria and standards:

(A) Have been certified by the Santa Clara County agricultural commissioner through the issuance of a current and valid certified farmers' market certificate; and

(B) Are and remain in full conformance at all times with all state and local laws, and related regulations and guidelines, applicable to a certified farmers' market under Chapter 10.5 (commencing with Section 47000) of Division 17 of the California Food and Agricultural Code, as these state and local laws, regulations and guidelines may be amended from time to time.

Fence. A barrier, railing, or other upright structure, typically of wood or wire, enclosing an area of ground to mark a boundary, provide screening, control access, or prevent escape.

Fence, Palisade. A style of fencing that uses steel pales posted on the ground with minimal room in between each pale. These posts are then connected to horizontal rails, providing extra support and security.

Fitness Facilities. A busines or an organization charging a membership or use fee, including private clubs and gymnasiums, that provides exercise machines, free weights, swimming pool, spa, steam room or fitness training and classes for use by clients.

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Floor Area Ratio. FAR is a broad measure of building mass in relation to the area of a lot or lots. It is calculated as the ratio of the gross floor area of a building or buildings at or above grade divided by the gross area of the site. FARs may be applied on a parcel-by-parcel basis or as an average for an entire site under a single development proposal.

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Floor Area Ratio, Commercial. For the purpose of determining the required commercial areas of mixeduse projects, the commercial floor area ratio is the floor area of a building devoted to commercial uses, not including parking areas, divided by the gross lot area.

Floor Area, Gross. The floor area computed from the outside dimensions of the building, at or above grade, and not excluding corridors and other design features and aggregated for each additional story or mezzanine floor, and excluding any basement area, except as provided below. For purposes of this definition, where less than one-half the height of a basement is below grade, measured by reference to the average elevation of land within one hundred (100) feet of the building, such basement or ground floor shall be considered a story and contribute to the floor area.

Foot-Candle. A unit of illuminance or illumination, equivalent to the illumination produced by a source of one candle at a distance of one foot and equal to one lumen incident per square foot.

Freight Yard/Truck Terminal. Transportation establishment furnishing services incidental to air, motor freight, and rail transportation including freight forwarding services, freight terminal facilities, joint terminal and service facilities, packing, crating, inspection, and weighing services, postal service bulk mailing distribution centers, transportation arrangement services, truck repair, truck terminals, trucking facilities including transfer and storage.

Frontage. A portion of a parcel of property which abuts a street or highway.

Fuel and Distribution Center. Facility where fuel (such as propane and gasoline) is stored and distributed without retail sales.

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Garage, Public. A structure or portion of a structure for the private use of the owner or occupant of a principal structure situated on the same parcel of the principal structure for storage of motor vehicles with no facilities for mechanical service or repair of a commercial or public nature.

Garage, Private. A detached accessory structure or a portion of a main structure on the same parcel as a dwelling for the storage of motor vehicles of the occupants of the dwelling, including carports.

Garden Centers/Plant Nursery. Establishment providing for the indoor and/or outdoor cultivation and sale of trees, shrubs, and plants, including the sale of garden and landscape materials (packaged and/or bulk sale of unpackaged materials) and related equipment.

General Plan. An adopted comprehensive long-term plan adopted in accordance with State planning and zoning law to guide the physical development of the City, including diagrams and text setting forth objectives, principles, standards, and plan proposals.

Glare. A sensation of excessive brightness within the visual field that causes annoyance, discomfort, or loss in visual performance and visibility.

Grade (adjacent ground elevation). The lowest point of elevation of the finished surface of the ground between the exterior wall of a structure and a point five feet distant from such wall, or the lowest point of elevation of the finished surface of the ground between the exterior wall of a structure and the property line, if it is less than five feet distant from such wall. In case a wall is parallel to and within five feet of a public sidewalk, alley, or other public way, the grade shall be the lowest point of elevation of the sidewalk, alley, or public way.

Grade, Existing. The surface of the ground or pavement at a stated location as it exists before disturbance in preparation for a project.

Grade, Finished. The surface of the ground or pavement at a stated location as it exists after completion of a project.

Grade, Natural. The unaltered natural surface of the ground at a stated location.

Hazardous Materials. Materials that, because of its quantity, concentration, or physical or chemical characteristics, poses a significant present or potential hazard to human health and safety or to the environment if released into the workplace or the environment.

Hazardous Materials Storage. The storage of materials that, because of its quantity, concentration, or physical or chemical characteristics, poses a significant present or potential hazard to human health and safety or to the environment if released into the workplace or the environment.

Height (structure). For structures, Height is a vertical distance from the “grade” to the highest point of the coping that defines the volume of the building of a flat roof, or to the deck line of a mansard roof, or to the highest gable of a pitched or hipped roof.

Historic Fabric. Architectural form and character-defining features, such as siding, brick, stone, roofing or other materials visible on the structure, that are characteristic of the period of significance and therefore assist in portraying the style and historic significance of the HRI property from its most important time period.

Historic Resource Inventory. Means the City of Santa Clara Historic Resource Inventory, which is incorporated into the 2010-2035 General Plan as Appendix 8.9 (“Historic Resource Inventory” or “HRI”), as may be amended from time to time.

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HRI Property. A building, structure, object, or site currently included in the Historic Resource Inventory (HRI), which was designated as architecturally or historically significant by the City of Santa Clara pursuant to this chapter, or which the City added to the HRI prior to the effective date of this chapter.

Historic Resources Survey. The process of systematically identifying, researching, photographing and documenting HRI properties within a defined geographic area and placed on a State of California DPR 523 series form. All surveys shall be conducted in accordance with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for Archaeology and Historic Preservation: Standards and Guidelines for Identification and Evaluation, as may be amended.

Historic and Landmarks Commission. Or “HLC” means the Historical and Landmarks Commission (HLC) established pursuant to SCCC 2.120.100.

Home Occupation . An accessory commercial activity or business service conducted on the site of a residential dwelling unit, in a manner clearly incidental and secondary to the residential character of the dwelling and surrounding residential neighborhood, and in compliance with the provisions of Section 18.60.120 (Home Occupations). Home occupations do not include business-type activities conducted solely by residents of a unit that are limited to the use of a desk, telephone, and/or personal computer, including telecommuting, which are allowed in all residential zones.

sidential character of the dwelling and surrounding residential neighborhood, and in compliance with the provisions of Section 18.60.120 (Home Occupations). Home occupations do not include business-type activities conducted solely by residents of a unit that are limited to the use of a desk, telephone, and/or personal computer, including telecommuting, which are allowed in all residential zones.

Host. A person who occupies as his or her primary residence the same residential dwelling unit as a short-term rental.

Hosted . Means that a host has a physical presence at his or her primary residence in the same unit as a short-term rental during the entire period that the short-term rental is rented.

Hotel/Motel. Facility with guest rooms or suites, provided with or without kitchen facilities. Hotels generally provide access to most guest rooms from an interior walkway, and typically include a variety of services in addition to lodging; for example, meeting facilities, personal services, restaurants/food service, etc. Motels generally provide access to most guest rooms from an exterior walkway. Also includes accessory guest facilities (e.g., accessory retail uses, indoor athletic facilities, swimming pools, tennis courts, etc.)

Industrial. Establishments engaged in the manufacturing of finished parts or products either from raw materials or previously prepared materials, within an enclosed structure. Includes processing, fabrication, assembly, treatment, testing (e.g., laboratories), packaging, storage/warehousing, incidental office space, sales, and distribution of the parts or products; and laundry and dry-cleaning plants.

Industrial, Minor. Manufacturing, fabrication, processing, and assembly of materials from parts that are already in processed form and that, in their maintenance, assembly, manufacture, or plant operation, do not create substantial amounts of smoke, gas, odor, dust, sound, or other objectionable influences that might be obnoxious to persons conducting business on-site or on an adjacent site. Uses include but are not limited to pottery, ceramics, glass and metal art and craft productions, cabinetry and furniture manufacturing, food and beverage manufacturing, electronics assembly, microchip manufacturing, machinery assembly, paper product manufacturing, product assembly and distribution, and vehicle and boat assembly. This classification includes Accessory Uses associated the Principal Use—including offices, data centers, laboratories, warehousing and receiving facilities, indoor and outdoor storage, exterior mechanical equipment, and similar uses as well as temporary uses.

Industrial, Major. Manufacturing, fabrication, processing, and assembly of materials in a raw form. Uses in this category typically create substantial amounts of smoke, gas, odor, dust, sound, or other objectionable influences that might be obnoxious to persons on an adjacent site. Uses include

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but are not limited to, product assembly and distribution, vehicle and boat assembly, corporation yards, aggregate processing facilities, plastics and rubber products manufacturing, chemical product manufacturing, lumber and wood product manufacturing, petroleum refining, and pulp and pulp product industries.

Integrity. The authenticity of an HRI property’s historic identity, evidenced by the survival of an HRI property’s visual and physical characteristics that existed during the HRI property’s period of significance. Within the concept of integrity, the National Register criteria recognize seven aspects or qualities that, in various combinations, define integrity. These seven aspects are location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling and association.

Junk. Any worn out, cast off, or discarded article of material which is ready for destruction or has been collected or stored for salvage or conversion to some other use. Any article or material which, unaltered or unchanged and without further reconditioning, can be used for its original purpose as readily as when new, shall not be considered junk.

Junkyard. The use of any lot or portion thereof for the storage of junk, including scrap metals, salvage, or other scrap materials, or for the dismantling or “wrecking” of automobiles or other vehicles or machinery, whether for sale or storage.

Kennel. Facility where five or more dogs, cats, or other small domesticated animals over the age of four months are kept, whether keeping is for pleasure, profit, breeding, or exhibiting, including places where the animals are boarded, kept for sale or hire. May also include daytime boarding and activity for animals (e.g., “doggie daycares”) and ancillary grooming facilities.

Kitchen. Any room or space within a structure, all or part of which is designed or used for cooking, preparation, refrigeration and storage of food and which includes any of the following equipment: stove, oven, range top, dishwasher, kitchen sink, microwave oven, and refrigerator/freezer.

Landscaping. The planting and continued maintenance of suitable vegetation in conformity with the requirements of this Zoning Code. See Landscaping Standards, Chapter 18.36.

Lead Agency. A public agency as defined in Government Code Section 65929, as may be amended, which has the principal responsibility for carrying out or approving a project.

Library. Public facility that provides the use of literary, musical, artistic, or reference materials.

Liquor. Refers to spirituous or intoxicating liquor, including wine and beer.

Liquor Store. See “Retail Sales Establishments, Retail Sales”.

Live Entertainment, Incidental. A use as defined by City Code Chapter 5.61, that is provided appurtenant to food service in a restaurant and occurs during the same operating hours as food service.

Live Entertainment, Standalone Use. For the purposes of the Zoning Code, Live Entertainment has the same meaning as Entertainment, as defined in City Code Chapter 5.61, Public Entertainment Generally, when it does not qualify as Incidental Live Entertainment.

Live-Work Facility. Integrated dwelling unit and working space, occupied and used by a single household, designed or structurally modified to accommodate both residential occupancy and light work activity and

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that includes: a complete kitchen space and sanitary facilities in compliance with the Building Code and the working space shall only be reserved for and regularly used by one or more occupants of the unit.

Loading Dock. An off-street space provided for cargo vehicles, when loading and unloading.

Low-Barrier Navigation Centers. A housing-first, low-barrier, service-enriched shelter focused on moving people into permanent housing that provides temporary living facilities while case managers connect individuals experiencing homelessness to income, public benefits, health services, shelter, and housing. “Low barrier” means best practices to reduce barriers to entry, and may include, but is not limited to, the following:

• (1) The presence of partners if it is not a population-specific site, such as for survivors of domestic violence or sexual assault, women, or youth.

• (2) Pets.

• (3) The storage of possessions.

• (4) Privacy, such as partitions around beds in a dormitory setting or in larger rooms containing more than two beds, or private rooms.

Machine Tools Manufacturing. See “Industrial”.

Maintenance and Repair Services. On-site repair and incidental sales of supplies for small household goods, machinery, tools, equipment, and appliances, conducted within an enclosed building. This classification includes furniture refinishing and repair and excludes maintenance and repair of vehicles or industrial equipment.

Maintained. Preserved in a condition or state of equivalent quality to that which was approved or required by the City. Unless the context demands otherwise, the term is synonymous and is interchangeable with the term “permanently maintained.”

Major Alteration. Any significant change that is subject to Director of Community Development review and approval in accordance with Chapter 18.130 (Historic Preservation) SCCC or pursuant to City policy or procedure.

Major Transit Stop . Any of the following:

• (1) a transit stop identified in the current version of Plan Bay Area;

• (2) an existing rail or bus rapid transit station; or

• (3) the intersection of two or more major bus routes with a frequency of service interval of 15 minutes or less during the morning and afternoon peak commute periods. As used in this definition, “intersection of two or more major bus routes” means that two or more bus routes converge, meet, or cross, and either a bus stop serving both lines is located in the immediate proximity of the intersection, or a separate bus stop for each bus line is located in the immediate proximity of the intersection. For purposes of clarification, if two bus lines run parallel to each other, such as a rapid bus and a local bus, then a bus stop serving both lines in a location where the lines run parallel does not constitute an “intersection” and does not qualify as a major transit stop.

Manufacturing Plant. See “Industrial”.

Massage Establishment. See City Code Chapter 5.40 (Massage Services and Massage Establishments) for more information.

Mausoleum. See “Cemetery and Mausoleum”.

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Median. An area between opposing lanes of traffic that may be unplanted or planted with trees, shrubs, perennials, and ornamental grasses.

Medical Services. Facility that provides in-patient and out-patient medical care.

Medical Services, Hospitals. Facilities providing medical, physical, psychiatric, or surgical services on a 24-hour basis for sick or injured persons primarily on an in-patient basis and including ancillary facilities for out-patient and emergency treatment, diagnostic services, training, research, administration, and ancillary services to patients, employees, or visitors (i.e., cafeteria, gift/flower shop, waiting rooms, etc.).

lities providing medical, physical, psychiatric, or surgical services on a 24-hour basis for sick or injured persons primarily on an in-patient basis and including ancillary facilities for out-patient and emergency treatment, diagnostic services, training, research, administration, and ancillary services to patients, employees, or visitors (i.e., cafeteria, gift/flower shop, waiting rooms, etc.).

Medical Services, General (clinics, office, and laboratories). Facilities primarily providing outpatient medical, mental health, surgical and other personal health services, but which are separate from hospitals, including: medical and dental laboratories, medical, dental and psychiatric offices, outpatient care facilities, acupuncture, and other allied health services. Counseling services by other than medical doctors or psychiatrists may also be considered an “offices, business and professional” use.

Memory Care. A type of long-term care geared toward those living with Alzheimer’s disease or another form of progressive-degenerative dementia.

Mixed-use. A development consisting of one or more parcels developed as a cohesive development project and designed with a blend of various compatible uses (e.g., commercial retail, retail service, office, residential, civic, and institutional). The uses may be located vertically in the same structure or horizontally in separate structures.

Mobile Food Vendor. Licensed motor vehicle used for the preparation, sales, and/or distribution of food and beverages to the general public.

Mobile Food Vendor, Semi-Mobile. Any moveable, motorized cart, pushcart, or wagon without a fixed place of business that is used for the preparation, sales, and/or distribution of food and beverages to the general public. Includes street vendors and sidewalk vendors.

Mobile Fueling Delivery. On-site delivery of fuel, including but not limited to gasoline, diesel, liquified natural gas, liquified hydrogen, batteries or other fuel for automobiles, trucks and other vehicles.

Mobile/Manufactured Home. Factory-built structure that is manufactured or constructed under authority of 42 U.S.C. Sec 5403, Federal Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards, or California law (Health and Safety Code Sections 18007 and 18008) and is to be used as a place for human habitation. The structure is manufactured either in whole or in substantial part at an off-site location, transported to the site, assembled on-site, and placed on a permanent foundation. For the purpose of the Zoning Code, a manufactured home shall be considered the same as any site-built single-family detached dwelling.

Mortuary or Funeral Home. Facility where deceased persons are prepared for burial or cremation, and funeral services may be conducted. Includes funeral homes and funeral parlors.

Museum. Public or quasi-public facility that provides space for preserving and exhibiting artistic, historical, scientific, natural, or man-made objects of interest. Activities may include the sale of objects collected and memorabilia, the sale of crafts work and artwork, boutiques, and the holding of meetings and social events.

National Register of Historic Places. Means the National Historic Landmarks Register established pursuant to 54 U.S.C. Section 302101 et seq.

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Nightclub. Commercial entertainment establishments open at night that typically provide food and alcoholic beverages and space for dancing and amplified music (e.g., live band, DJ, stereo sound system).

Nonconformity, Illegal. An illegally created parcel or a sign, structure, or use that was illegally constructed, created, installed, or initiated without proper permits or approvals, and which does not comply with the provisions of this Zoning Code.

Nonconforming Parcel. A parcel legally created before the effective date of this Zoning Code, or subsequent amendment, which does not comply with the minimum area, depth, width, or other requirements of this Zoning Code.

Nonconforming Sign. A sign legally existing before the effective date of this Zoning Code, or subsequent amendment, which does not comply with the sign regulations of this Zoning Code.

Nonconforming Structure. A structure legally existing before the effective date of this Zoning Code, or subsequent amendment, which does not conform to the requirements of the zone in which it is located.

Nonconforming Use. A use of land and/or a structure legally existing before the effective date of this Zoning Code, or subsequent amendment, but which is no longer allowed in the zone in which it is located.

Nursery. Commercial establishment where plants and trees are grown for sale or for planting elsewhere. May also include the sale of tools and nursery products.

Occupancy. The act of using a site.

Office. Facility or businesses that predominantly offer professional and/or business services.

Office, Accessory. Office that is incidental and accessory to another business, manufacturing, or sales activity that is the primary use. Incidental offices that are customarily accessory to another use are allowed as part of an approved primary use. The qualification criterion for this definition is that the floor area of the accessory office use shall not exceed 20 percent of the total floor area.

Office, Business and Professional. Facilities and businesses that predominantly offer professional and/or business services including banks, architects, attorneys, accountants, advertising, computer support, land use planners, and other similar professional services and uses.

Office, Medical. See “Medical Services General (clinic, office, and laboratories)”.

Open Space. Any land or water not covered by structures, roadways, or parking lots.

Outdoor Dining and Seating. A dining area with seats and/or tables located outdoors of a restaurant, coffee shop, or other food service establishment, and which is (a) located entirely outside the walls of the subject structure, (b) enclosed on two sides or less by the walls of the structure with or without a solid roof cover, or (c) enclosed on three sides by the walls of the structure without a solid roof cover.

Outdoor Displays and Sales. Permanent outdoor display of merchandise incidental to an adjacent indoor retail use, and certain independent outdoor retail sales facilities (e.g., auction yards, flea markets, lumber and other material sales yards). Includes news and flower stands. Does not include the sale of motor vehicles, boats, and recreational vehicles ("Vehicle Sales"), or the rental of vehicles ("Vehicle Rentals”).

Outdoor Use, Storage. An uncovered but improved land area providing for the arrangement and storage of objects, items, commercial or industrial equipment, products, tools, or other materials, typically not in a fixed position and capable of rearrangement.

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Palisade Fencing. See “Fence, Palisade.”

Parcel. Tract or area of land established by plat, subdivision, or as otherwise permitted by law, to be used, developed or built upon as required by this Code, and fronting upon a street or a private easement adequate for purposes of access.

Parcel area . The total of the area, measured in a horizontal plane, within the parcel lines of a parcel.

Parcel, corner. A parcel located at the intersection of two or more streets at an angle of not more than 130 degrees. If the angle is greater than 130 degrees, the parcel shall be considered an “interior parcel.”

Parcel depth. The horizontal distance between the front and the rear parcel lines measured in the mean direction of the side parcel lines.

Parcel, flag. A parcel with access provided to the bulk of the lot by means of a corridor less than 25 feet in width. See illustration below.

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Parcel line. Any line bounding a parcel as defined in this Article. See illustration below.

Parcel line, Front. A property line abutting a street.

Parcel line, Rear. The parcel line opposite the front parcel line.

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Parcel line, Side. Any parcel line that is not a front parcel line or rear parcel line.

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Parcel, reversed corner. A corner parcel, the side line of which is substantially a continuation of the front parcel lines of the parcels to its rear, whether across an alley or not.

Parcel, substandard. A parcel of land that has less than the required minimum land area, width or depth as established by the zone in which it is located.

Parcel, through . A parcel having frontage on two dedicated streets, not including a corner or reversed corner parcel. See illustration below.

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Parcel width. The horizontal distance between the side parcel lines, measured at right angles to the parcel depth at the front setback line. See illustration below.

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Parking Facility. A parking lot or parking structure customarily used for the temporary parking motor vehicles. Parking facilities should be either primary use or accessory use.

Park and Ride Facility. Designated area where vehicles may be temporarily parked in order to carpool with other commuters or to ride public transit.

Parks and Plazas. Means a public park, including playgrounds and athletic fields/courts and public plazas

and outdoor gathering places, for community use.

Pawn Shop . A building or portion thereof where personal property is received and for which money is advanced, with the right of privilege granted to the person to whom said money is advanced to reclaim such property upon repayment of said money, together with all legal charges incident thereto. This does not banks, saving and loan institutions, credit unions, or other banking organizations regulated by State or Federal law.

Period of Significance. The span of time during which relevant events and activities occurred at an HRI property.

Personal Service, General. Commercial establishment that provides recurrently needed services of a personal nature. Illustrative examples of these uses include:

• Barber and Beauty Shop

• Clothing rental shop;

• Dry-cleaning pick-up store with limited equipment;

• Laundromats (self-service laundry);

• Locksmith;

• Nail salon;

• Shoe repair shop;

• Tailors and seamstress; and

• Tanning Salon.

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These uses may also include accessory retail sales of products related to the personal services provided.

Personal Service, Restricted. Commercial establishment that may tend to have a blighting and/or deteriorating effect upon surrounding areas/uses and that may need to be dispersed from other similar uses to minimize adverse impacts. Illustrative examples of these uses include:

• Pawnshop ;

• Check-cashing and Payday lending establishments ; and

• Tattoo service, branding or body piercing studio. The application of permanent makeup is specifically excluded from this definition.

These uses may also include accessory retail sales of products related to the personal services provided.

Photovoltaic Equipment. Items including a solar photovoltaic cell, panel or array, lines, mounting brackets, framing and foundations used for or intended to be used for collection of solar energy.

Photovoltaic (PV) System: A solar collection system consisting of one or more building- and/ or ground - mounted systems, solar photovoltaic cells, panels or arrays and solar related equipment that rely upon solar radiation as an energy source for collection, inversion, storage and distribution of solar energy for electricity generation. A solar photovoltaic system is a generation system with a nameplate capacity of not greater than 50 kilowatts if installed at a residential service or not larger than 3,000 kilowatts at other customer service locations.

Place of Assembly. Facility for public or private assembly and meetings, including civic and private auditoriums, banquet halls, community centers, conference and convention facilities; meeting halls for clubs, religious institutions (i.e., church, temple, synagogue, and mosque), and other membership organizations.

Preventative Maintenance. Any work to prevent deterioration or damage to the structural integrity or any exterior feature of an HRI property that does not involve a change in design, material or exterior appearance. Such work includes, but is not limited to, painting, wood trim or siding repair, roof repair, patching, caulking, foundation or chimney repairs, or landscape maintenance.

Primary Use. The main or principal use of land or structure, as distinguished from a secondary or accessory use.

Public Building. Structure used (both owned and rented) by public agencies, including city, county, Federal, and State administration buildings; fire stations, and other fire prevention and firefighting facilities; police and sheriff substations and headquarters, including interim incarceration facilities; public libraries, and post offices. Does not include facilities specifically identified under another land use category, including schools.

Public Safety Facility. Facility necessary to respond to immediate hazards or threats to public health and safety, including fire stations, other fire prevention and firefighting facilities, police and sheriff substations and headquarters, including interim incarceration facilities.

No terms defined.

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Recycling. The series of activities by which discarded materials that would otherwise remain wastes are collected, separated, or processed and used to make new products. See Chapter 18.60.180 (Recycling Facilities).

Redemption Center. Facility where the public may donate, redeem, or sell recyclable materials.

Recycling Facility. A variety of facilities involved with the collection of recyclable materials. A "certified" recycling or processing facility is certified by the California Department of Conservation as meeting the requirements of the California Beverage Container Recycling and Litter Reduction Act of 1986. Recyclable material includes reusable materials that can be reconstituted, remanufactured, or reused in an altered form, including glass, metals, paper, and plastic. Recyclable material does not include refuse or hazardous materials. This land use does not include storage containers located on a residential or nonresidential site used solely for the recycling of material generated on the site.

Research and Development Facility. Facility that conducts research, and the design, development and testing of electrical, electronic, magnetic, optical and mechanical components in advance of product manufacturing that may be associated with a manufacturing facility on the same site. Includes chemical and biotechnology and data computing research and development. May allow for minor manufacturing.

Residential Care Facility. Group care facility, or similar facility, as determined by the Director, in a singlefamily home for 24-hour nonmedical care in need of personal services, supervision, or assistance essential for sustaining the activities of daily living or for the protection of the individual.

Resource Protection and Restoration. Activities and management of an area to preserve, recreate and enhance natural resource values such as habitat for fish and wildlife; rare, threatened, and endangered plants; vernal pools; erosion control; and floodwater conveyance.

Resource-Related Recreation. Facilities related to passive recreation in open space areas including bicycle and pedestrian trails, picnic areas, parking areas, and interpretive centers.

Restaurant. Retail establishment (i.e., cafes, coffee houses, diners, food services) engaged in the business of selling/serving food and beverages prepared for both on-site and off-site consumption. This includes restaurants with sit-down table service and fast food restaurants that may include drive-thru service.

Retail Sales Establishment. Establishment, completely enclosed within structures, engaged in selling goods or merchandise to the general public for profit. Examples of these establishments and lines of merchandise include:

Retail Establishment, Small. A retail business focusing on the sale of merchandise not specifically listed under another use classification that is less than 75,000 square feet with less than 50 percent of the total sales floor area dedicated to nontaxable goods.

Retail Establishment, Medium. A retail business focusing on the sale of merchandise not specifically listed under another use classification that is at least 75,000 square feet but less than 150,000 square feet with less than 10 percent of the total sales floor area dedicated to nontaxable goods.

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Retail Establishment, Large. A retail business focusing on the sale of merchandise not specifically listed under another use classification that is 150,000 square feet or larger with less than 10 percent of the total sales floor area dedicated to nontaxable goods.

Retail Sales. The following are examples retail sales and lines of merchandise that are allowed in the three previously described retail sales establishments:

Review Authority. The individual or official City body identified by this Zoning Code as having the responsibility and authority to review and approve or deny ministerial and discretionary permit applications and appeals described in this Zoning Code. Includes the City Council, the Planning Commission, the Director, and the Planning Department.

Right-of-way. The right to make a way to and from another parcel of land. A type of easement granted or reserved over land for transportation purposes, (e.g., a highway, street, sidewalk, rail transport, or canal), as well as electrical transmission lines, oil and gas pipelines.

Satellite Dish Antenna. An apparatus capable of receiving or transmitting communications from a satellite.

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Secretary of the Interior’s Treatment Standards. The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties with Guidelines for Preserving, Rehabilitating, Restoring and Reconstructing Historic Buildings, published by the National Park Service, as may be amended.

School. Educational institution, whether public or private including elementary, middle, junior high, and high schools, serving transitional kindergarten through 12[th] grade students, offering general academic instruction equivalent to the standards prescribed by the State Board of Education, and including denominational and sectarian, boarding schools, charter schools, and military academies. Also includes community colleges, public or private colleges, universities, and professional schools granting associate arts degrees, certificates, undergraduate and graduate degrees, and requiring for admission at least a high school diploma or equivalent general academic training.

School, Charter. Schools which offer alternative educational opportunities separate from traditional public or private schools and are formed and publicly funded by teachers, parents, or community groups under the terms of a charter with a local or national authority.

School, Private. Any privately owned and operated elementary school, middle school, secondary school, high school, or other institution providing academic instruction for students from kindergarten through 12[th] grade pursuant to the California Education Code.

School, Public. Public elementary schools, middle schools, secondary schools, high schools, and any other public school providing academic instruction for students from kindergarten through 12[th] grade pursuant to the California Education Code.

School, Private/Public Colleges and Universities. A post-secondary institution for higher learning that grants associate or bachelor’s degrees and may also have research facilities and/or professional schools that grant master and doctoral degrees. This may also include community colleges that grant associate or bachelor’s degrees or certificates of completion in business or technical fields. These institutions require at least a high school diploma or equivalent general academic training for admission. Includes community colleges, public or private colleges and universities, and technical schools.

Screening. The use of fences, walls, hedges, berms, or other features to shield, conceal, separate, or hide from view adjacent land uses.

Service-based Senior Living. Senior housing with services, which typically includes a commercial kitchen and the provision of meals. Residents are typically able to perform all Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). Not licensed by the State.

Setback. The distance a structure, parking area, or other development feature must be separated from a parcel line, other structure, development feature, or street centerline. See illustration below.

Setback, Front. The line which defines the depth of the required front yard.

Setback, Rear or Side. The line which defines the width or depth of the required rear or side yard.

Setback, Side Corner. The line which extends between the rear property line and the front setback area on a corner parcel.

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Shared housing building. Means a residential or mixed-use structure, with five or more shared housing units and one or more common kitchens and dining areas designed for permanent residence of more than 30 days by its tenants. The kitchens and dining areas within the shared housing building shall be able to adequately accommodate all residents. If a local ordinance further restricts the attributes of a shared housing building beyond the requirements established in this section, the local definition shall apply to the extent that it does not conflict with the requirements of this section.

A “shared housing building” may include other dwelling units that are not shared housing units, provided that those dwelling units do not occupy more than 25 percent of the floor area of the shared housing building. A shared housing building may include 100 percent shared housing units.

A “shared housing building” may include incidental commercial uses, provided that those commercial uses are otherwise allowable and are located only on the ground floor or the level of the shared housing building closest to the street or sidewalk of the shared housing building.

Shared housing unit. Means one or more habitable rooms, not within another dwelling unit, that includes a bathroom, sink, refrigerator, and microwave, is used for permanent residence, that meets the “minimum room area” specified in Section R304 of the California Residential Code (Part 2.5 of Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations), and complies with the definition of “guestroom” in Section R202 of the California Residential Code. If a local ordinance further restricts the attributes of a shared housing building beyond the requirements established in this section, the local definition shall apply to the extent that it does not conflict with the requirements of this section. For purposes of calculating a density bonus granted for a shared housing building, “unit” means one shared housing unit and its pro rata share of associated common area facilities.

Sign. Structures or other visual devices designed, constructed, and used for the purpose of communicating a message or identifying or attracting attention to a parcel, product, service, person, cause or event. (See Chapter 18.42 Sign Standards).

Single Development Proposal. An application for an entitlement affecting multiple contiguous parcels and authorized by the owners of all of the affected properties, including but not limited to an application for a building permit, architectural review, rezone, general plan amendment, or subdivision.

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Single Housekeeping Unit. An individual or group of persons in a common living arrangement occupying a dwelling. Evidence of a common living arrangement may include some or all of the following: sharing living expenses such as rent or mortgage payments, food and utility costs, a shared lease or shared chores.

Single Room Occupancy (SRO). Any residential structure containing more than five units intended or designed to be used, rented, or hired out to be occupied for sleeping purposes, generally for one person per unit. Individual units typically share communal features, (e.g., kitchen, bathroom, or entertainment area).

Site. As applied in the context of this City Code, means the location of a significant historical event, a prehistoric or historic occupation or activity, building or structure, whether standing, ruined or vanished, where the location itself maintains historical or archaeological value regardless of the value of any existing buildings, structures or objects. Examples of a site are a battlefield, designed landscape, trail, or industrial site.

Small Projects. Alterations to any historic resource as defined herein, involving negligible visible changes. Alterations shall not qualify as small projects if they involve the removal or destruction of any exterior character-defining feature or historic fabric, including, but not limited to, original windows, or similarly protected interior features, unless an acceptable replacement is made with like materials and finishes, as determined by the Community Development Director.

Smoke Shop: Any premises dedicated to the display, sale, distribution, delivery, offering, furnishing, or marketing of tobacco, tobacco products, or tobacco, vaping, compressed gas (i.e. nitrous oxide), or cannabis paraphernalia. Any grocery store, supermarket, convenience store or similar retail use that only sells conventional cigars, cigarettes or tobacco as an ancillary sale shall not be defined as a “smoke shop”” and is not subject to the restrictions in this chapter.

Specialized Education and Training/Studio. School offering specialized education and training that typically offer certifications rather than academic degrees (e.g., dance, judo, painting).

Storage, Personal Facility. Facility with structures containing generally small individual compartmentalized areas or lockers rented as individual storage spaces and characterized by low parking demand. Ancillary outdoor storage for RVs’ and water vessels is also allowed. (Also, commonly referred to as “Mini Storage” or “Self-Storage” facilities.)

Storage, Warehouse. Commercial establishments offering the storage of furniture, household, office, or other commercial goods of any nature. Includes cold storage. Does not include: storage yards or personal storage facilities offered for rent or lease to the public (see “Storage, Personal Facilities”; or warehouse facilities in which the primary purpose of storage is for wholesaling and distribution (see “Wholesaling and Distribution Facilities”).

Story, Half. A half-story is a story under a gable, hip, or gambrel roof, the wall plates of which on at least two opposite exterior walls are not more than four feet above the floor of each story.

Structure . Anything constructed or built, any edifice or building of any kind, or any piece of work artificially built up or composed of parts joined together in some definite manner, which requires location on the ground or is attached to something having a location on the ground, including swimming and wading pools and covered patios, excepting outdoor areas (e.g., paved areas, walks, tennis courts), and similar recreation areas.

Structure, Historic Preservation means anything constructed or erected, except fences not exceeding six feet in height, the use of which requires location on or under the ground, or attachment to something having location on the ground.

Structure Coverage. A portion of a parcel which is covered by a structure(s) excepting structure overhangs, paved areas, walks, and swimming pools, regardless of whether or not the structure(s) is intended for human occupancy.

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Structure, Primary. A structure in which the principal use is conducted.

Student Housing Development. Means a development that contains bedrooms containing two or more bedspaces that have a shared or private bathroom, access to a shared or private living room and laundry facilities, and access to a shared or private kitchen.

Subdivision Sales Office. See “Temporary Uses”.

Supportive Housing. Housing with no limit on length of stay, that is occupied by the target population and that is linked to on-site or off-site services that assist the supportive housing resident in retaining the housing, improving his or her health status, and maximizing his or her ability to live, and when possible, work in the community. Supportive housing units are residential uses allowed in any zone allowing residential uses, subject only to those requirements and restrictions that apply to other residential uses of the same type in the same zone.

Tattooing or Branding Shop . A building or portion thereof where the tattooing or branding of human body parts is administered or from which a tattooing or branding business or service is operated.

Temporary Use. Use established for a specified period of time, typically less than 12 months, with the intent to discontinue the use at the end of the designated time period.

Temporary Use Permit. An administrative permit authorizing specific limited term uses in compliance with conditions and performance criteria specified in Chapter 18.122 (Temporary Use Permits).

Transit Services and Dispatch. Facility where buses, limousines, airporters and shuttles are stored and dispatched from.

Transit Stations and Terminal. Facility where buses, trains, and other mass transit options regularly stop to load and unload passengers and goods.

Transitional Housing. Rental housing operated under program requirements that call for the termination of assistance and recirculation of the assisted unit to another eligible program recipient at some predetermined future point in time, which shall be no less than six months from the beginning of the assistance. Transitional housing units are residential uses allowed in any residential zone allowing residential uses, subject only to those requirements and restrictions that apply to other residential uses of the same type in the same zone.

Use. The purpose (type and extent) for which land or a structure is arranged, designed, or intended, or for which either land or a structure is occupied or maintained.

Use by Right. Shall mean that the City’s review of an owner-occupied or multifamily residential use may not require a Conditional Use Permit, Planned Development Rezoning, or other discretionary review or approval that would constitute a “project” for purposes of Division 13 (commencing with Section 21000) of the Public Resources Code. Any subdivision of the sites shall be subject to all laws, including, but not limited to, the City’s ordinance implementing the Subdivision Map Act. “Use by Right” does not exempt the use from design review. However, that design review shall not constitute a “project” for purposes of Division 13 (commencing with Section 21000) of the Public Resources Code. Use by Right for all rental multifamily residential housing shall be provided in accordance with subdivision (f) of Government Code Section 65589.5.

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Utility Facilities and Infrastructure. All equipment, fixtures, and personal property operated or maintained on private property in connection with the production or provision of water, sewer, power, natural gas, telecommunications, or other services, with the exception of Electric Power Plants.

Vehicle Dismantling Facility. Any premises used for the dismantling or wrecking of motor vehicles required to be registered under the State Vehicle Code. Activities may include the buying, selling, or dealing in vehicles, their integral parts, or component materials thereof, and the storage, sale or dumping of dismantled, partially dismantled, wrecked or inoperative vehicles.

Vehicle Impound Facility. Holding or storage places for motor vehicles until they are placed back in control of the owner, recycled for their metal, stripped of their parts at a vehicle dismantling yard, or auctioned off for the benefit of the impounding agency.

Vehicle Rental.

Vehicle Rental, General. Commercial establishment that rents automobiles, construction equipment, motorcycles, recreational vehicles, trucks, trailers, and similar vehicles and equipment, including on-site storage and incidental maintenance that does not require pneumatic lifts, and only when conducted within a fully enclosed structure.

Vehicle Rental, Limited. Commercial establishment that rents small vehicles (e.g., mopeds, scooters, Segway’s), and similar sized vehicles with electric power or engines less than 100cc. May also include the maintenance, minor repair, and on-site storage of the equipment offered for rent, and only when conducted within fully enclosed structure.

Vehicle Rental, Office Only. Office activities offering the rental of automobiles, motorcycles, recreational vehicles, trucks, and other types of transportation vehicles. Does not include the onsite storage of or incidental maintenance of these vehicles.

Vehicle Repair and Maintenance. The repair, servicing, alteration, restoration, towing, painting, cleaning, or finishing of automobiles, trucks, recreational vehicles, water vessels, golf carts, and other motor vehicles as a primary use, including the incidental wholesale and retail sale of vehicle parts as an accessory use. This includes the following categories:

Major Motor Vehicle Repair. Establishments providing major repair of automobiles, boats, motorcycles, recreational vehicles, or trucks including light duty trucks (i.e., gross vehicle weight of less than 10,000 pounds) and heavy-duty trucks (i.e., gross vehicle weights of 10,000 pounds or more). Examples of uses include full-service motor vehicle repair garages; body, fender, and paint shops; brake shops; machine shops; paint shops; tire sales and installation shops; towing services; transmission shops; and tire recapping. Does not include vehicle dismantling.

., gross vehicle weight of less than 10,000 pounds) and heavy-duty trucks (i.e., gross vehicle weights of 10,000 pounds or more). Examples of uses include full-service motor vehicle repair garages; body, fender, and paint shops; brake shops; machine shops; paint shops; tire sales and installation shops; towing services; transmission shops; and tire recapping. Does not include vehicle dismantling.

Minor Motor Vehicle Repair. Establishments providing minor repair services of golf carts, automobiles, motorcycles, recreational vehicles, or light duty trucks, vans, or similar size motor vehicles (i.e., vehicles that have gross vehicle weights less than 10,000 pounds) including detailing services; installation of electronic equipment (e.g., alarms, stereos, etc.); servicing of cooling, electrical, fuel and exhaust systems; brake adjustments; relining and repairs; oil and lube shops; smog shops, tire and battery sales and installation (not including recapping); and wheel alignment and balancing. Does not include any type of car washing service.

Vehicle Sales.

Vehicle Sales, General. Sale of automobiles, construction equipment, motorcycles, recreational vehicles, trucks, and similar vehicles and equipment, including display, storage, maintenance, repair, and incidental rental of the vehicles and equipment. May include the sale, installation, and

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servicing of related equipment and parts. All maintenance and repair activities shall be conducted within a fully enclosed structure.

Vehicle Sales, Wholesale. Sales limited to an office only, offering the sale of automobiles and light duty trucks. Does not include on-site inventory, display, storage, maintenance, or repair of these vehicles. May be subject to parking requirements of the Department of Motor Vehicles.

Vehicle Service Station. A commercial facility that sells gasoline, diesel, or alternative fuel for the on-site fueling of individual motor vehicles. May include incidental “minor” maintenance and repair (i.e., battery charging and tire changing and repair) of automobiles and light duty trucks, vans, or similar size motor vehicles (i.e., vehicles that have gross vehicle weights less than 10,000 pounds). May also include a convenience store operated by the service station owner.

rnative fuel for the on-site fueling of individual motor vehicles. May include incidental “minor” maintenance and repair (i.e., battery charging and tire changing and repair) of automobiles and light duty trucks, vans, or similar size motor vehicles (i.e., vehicles that have gross vehicle weights less than 10,000 pounds). May also include a convenience store operated by the service station owner.

Very Low Vehicle Travel Area. An urbanized area, as designated by the United States Census Bureau, where the existing residential development generates vehicle miles traveled per capita that is below 85 percent of either regional vehicle miles traveled per capita or city vehicle miles traveled per capita. For purposes of this paragraph, “area” may include a travel analysis zone, hexagon, or grid. For the purposes of determining “regional vehicle miles traveled per capita” pursuant to this paragraph, a “region” is the entirety of incorporated and unincorporated areas governed by a multicounty or single-county metropolitan planning organization, or the entirety of the incorporated and unincorporated areas of an individual county that is not part of a metropolitan planning organization.

Veterinary Facility. A place where domestic animals or household pets are given medical or surgical treatment and are cared for during the time of treatment. Use as a kennel shall be limited to short time boarding and shall only be incidental to the hospital use.

Visible. Capable of being seen (whether or not legible) by a person of normal height and visual acuity walking or driving on a public road or in a public place.

Visibility Clearance Area. A space on a corner parcel and any driveway or alley in which all visual obstructions (e.g., structures and plantings), that inhibit visibility and thus cause a hazard to traffic and pedestrian safety are prohibited. (See also Site Planning and General Development Standards, Section 18.30.030).

Vocational School. See “Specialized Education and Training/Studios”.

Wall, Masonry. A wall built from individual units which are often laid and bound together by mortar. Masonry walls are commonly used for separating/screening incompatible uses and for safety reasons.

Wholesaling and Distribution Facility. A commercial establishment engaged in the sale of goods or merchandise to retailers, industrial, commercial, institutional, or other professional business users, or to other wholesalers. In general, it is the sale of goods to anyone other than a standard consumer.

Wine Tasting Room. Facility in which wine products grown or processed on the owner's property may be tasted and sold. Merchandise offered for sale within the tasting room may also include souvenirs and clothing bearing the logo of the winery, as well as wine related items and other products that reflect or enhance the character or theme of the winery.

Winery . Bonded agricultural processing facility primarily used for the commercial processing of grapes or other fruit products into wine or similar spirits or the refermenting of still wine into sparkling wine. Processing consists of controlled fermentation combined with any of the following: crushing, blending, barrel aging, and bottling. Storage of case goods shall only occur in conjunction with processing. Retail sale of related promotional items may be allowed as part of the winery operation. A winery may include a tasting room as

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part of an accessory use if the floor area used for the tasting room is less than or equal to 25 percent of the total floor area of the facility.

Wireless Telecommunication Facility. See Chapter 18.66, Wireless Telecommunications Facilities.

Wireless Telecommunication Facility, Microcell. See Chapter 18.66, Wireless Telecommunications Facilities.

Yard. Any open space on the same parcel with a structure(s) or a dwelling group which open space is unoccupied and unobstructed from the ground upward to the sky, except for the projections or accessory structures allowed by this Zoning Code. See illustration below.

Yard, front. The space between the front of the structure and the front parcel line or highway setback line and extending the full width of the parcel.

Yard, rear. The space between the rear of the structure and the rear parcel line and extending the full width of the parcel.

Yard, side. The space extending from the front yard, or from the front parcel line where no front yard is required by this Zoning Code, to the rear yard, or rear parcel line, between a side parcel line and the side of the structure.

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Zone . A portion of the territory of the City within which certain uses of land, premises, and structures are permitted, other uses are permitted through approval of a discretionary permit from the City, and other uses are not permitted and within which certain development standards are established.

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