Livingston Municipal Code Ch. 2 Curfew

The City Council finds that a juvenile curfew ordinance is necessary and desirable because the protection of minors warrants a higher degree of governmental regulation. This higher degree of regulation is premised upon the peculiar vulnerability of children and minors’ inability to make critical decisions in an informed and mature manner. The City Council recognizes a compelling interest in preserving the safety of the community generally and providing a higher degree of protection for its minors specifically during nighttime hours.

(Ord. 469, passed 9-2-1997)

For the purpose of this chapter, the following definitions shall apply unless the context clearly indicates or requires a different meaning.

CURFEW HOURS. The period from 10:00 p.m. any night until 6:00 a.m. the following morning.

EMERGENCY. Unforeseen circumstances or a situation that calls for immediate action. The term includes, but is not limited to, an automobile accident, fire or explosion, natural disaster or any condition requiring immediate action to prevent bodily injury or loss of life.

ESTABLISHMENT. Any privately owned place of business operated for profit to which the public is invited including, but not limited to, any place of amusement or entertainment.

GUARDIAN.

1. A person who, under court order, is the guardian of the minor; or

2. A public or private agency with whom a minor has been placed by a court.

MINOR. Any person under 18 years of age.

OPERATOR. Any individual, firm, association, partnership or corporation operating, managing or conducting any establishment.

PARENT. A person who is a natural parent, adoptive parent or stepparent of a minor.

PUBLIC PLACE. Any place the public or a substantial group of the public has access and includes, but is not limited to, streets, highways, common areas of schools, hospitals, apartment houses, office buildings, transport facilities and shops.

REMAIN. To:

1. Linger, stay or be present; or

2. Fail to leave the premises when requested to do so by a peace officer, the owner, operator or other person in control of the premises.

RESPONSIBLE ADULT. A person at least 18 years of age and authorized by a parent or guardian to have the care and custody of a minor.

(Ord. 469, passed 9-2-1997)

It is unlawful for:

(A) Any minor to remain in any public place or on the premises of any establishment within the city during curfew hours;

(B) Any parent or guardian of a minor to knowingly permit, or by insufficient control allow, the minor to remain in any public place or on the premises of any establishment within the city during curfew hours; or

(C) Any owner, operator or employee of an establishment to knowingly permit a minor to remain in or upon the premises of an establishment during curfew hours.

(Ord. 469, passed 9-2-1997)

(A) It is a defense to prosecution of the above offenses that the minor was:

1. Accompanied by the minor’s parent or guardian or by a responsible adult;

2. On an errand at the direction of the minor’s parent or guardian or responsible adult, without detour or delay;

3. In a motor vehicle involved in intrastate or interstate travel;

4. Engaged in employment, or going to or returning home from employment, without detour or delay;

5. Involved in an emergency;

6. On the sidewalk adjacent to the minor’s residence, providing the minor is not otherwise violating the law;

7. Attending an official school, religious or other adult supervised recreational activity sponsored by the city, a civic organization or other similar entity that takes responsibility for the safety of the minor, or going to or returning home from such an activity, without detour or delay;

8. Exercising first amendment rights protected by the United States Constitution, such as the free exercise of religion, freedom of speech and the right of assembly; and

9. Emancipated pursuant to law.

(B) It is a defense to prosecution under the offense set forth in § 10-2-3(C) of this chapter, that the owner, operator or employee of an establishment promptly notified the Police Department that a minor was present on the premises of the establishment during curfew hours and refused to leave.

(Ord. 469, passed 9-2-1997)

(A) Before taking any enforcement action under this chapter, a peace officer shall ask the apparent offender’s age and reason for being in a public place or on the premises of an establishment during curfew hours.

(B) The officer shall not issue a citation or detain a minor under this chapter unless the officer reasonably believes an offense has occurred and based upon the minor’s response(s) and other circumstances, no defense under this chapter appears present or applicable.

(Ord. 469, passed 9-2-1997)

Any person who violates a provision of this chapter is guilty of a separate offense for each day or part of a day during which the violation is committed or permitted. Any person who violates the offenses described in this chapter shall be guilty of an infraction and shall be punishable by a fine not to exceed $25. Minors shall be dealt with in accordance with juvenile court law and procedure.

(Ord. 469, passed 9-2-1997)

If any section, subsection, sentence, clause, phrase or portion of this chapter is for any reason deemed or held to be invalid or unconstitutional by the decision of any court of competent jurisdiction, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portion of this chapter. The City Council hereby declares that it would have adopted this chapter and each section, subsection, sentence, clause, phrase or portion thereof, irrespective of the fact any one or more sections, subsections, sentences, clauses, phrases or other portions might subsequently be declared invalid or unconstitutional.

(Ord. 469, passed 9-2-1997)