Section 1404 — INSTALLATION OF WALL COVERINGS

1404.1 General. ¶

Exterior wall coverings shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the applicable provisions of this section.

1404.1.1 Soffits and fascias. Soffits and fascias installed as part of roof overhangs shall comply with Section 1412.

1404.1.2 Additional requirements. [DSA-SS, DSA-SS/CC, OSHPD 1, 1R, 2, 4 & 5] In addition to the requirements of Section 1404, the installation of anchored or adhered veneer shall comply with applicable provisions of Section 1413.

1404.2 Weather protection. ¶

Exterior walls shall provide weather protection for the building. The materials of the minimum nominal thickness specified in Table 1404.2 shall be acceptable as approved weather coverings.

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EXTERIOR WALLS

TABLE 1404.2—MINIMUM THICKNESS OF WEATHER COVERINGS

COVERING TYPE	MINIMUM THICKNESS (inches)
Adhered masonry veneer	0.25
Aluminum siding	0.019
Anchored masonry veneer
Stone (natural)	2.0
Architectural cast stone	2.5
Other	2.0
Asbestos-cement boards	0.125
Asbestos shingles	0.156
Cold-rolled copperd	0.0216 nominal
Copper shinglesd	0.0162 nominal
Exterior plywood (with sheathing)	0.313
Exterior plywood (without sheathing)	See Section 2304.6
Fiber cement lap siding	0.25c
Fiber cement panel siding	0.25c
Fiberboard siding	0.5
Fiber-mat reinforced cementitious backer units	0.5
Glass-fiber reinforced concrete panels	0.375
Hardboard sidingc	0.25
High-yield copperd	0.0162 nominal
Lead-coated copperd	0.0216 nominal
Lead-coated high-yield copper	0.0162 nominal
Marble slabs	1
Particleboard (with sheathing)	See Section 2304.6
Particleboard (without sheathing)	See Section 2304.6
Porcelain tile	0.125 nominal
Steel (approved corrosion resistant)	0.0149
Structural glass	0.344
Stucco or exterior cement plaster
Three-coat work over:
Metal plaster base	0.875b
Unit masonry	0.625b
Cast-in-place or precast concrete	0.625b
Two-coat work over:
Unit masonry	0.5b
Cast-in-place or precast concrete	0.375b
Terra cotta (anchored)	1
Terra cotta (adhered)	0.25
Vinyl siding	0.035
Wood shingles	0.375
Wood siding (without sheathing)a	0.5
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 ounce = 28.35 g, 1 square foot = 0.093 m2. a. Wood siding of thicknesses less than 0.5 inch shall be placed over sheathing that conforms to Section 2304.6. b. Exclusive of texture. c. As measured at the bottom of decorative grooves. d. 16 ounces per square foot for cold-rolled copper and lead-coated copper, 12 ounces per square foot for copper shingles, high-yield copper and lead-coated high-yield copper.

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EXTERIOR WALLS

1404.3 Vapor retarders. ¶

Vapor retarder materials shall be classified in accordance with Table 1404.3(1). A vapor retarder shall be provided on the interior side of frame walls in accordance with Table 1404.3(2) and Tables 1404.3(3) or 1404.3(4) as applicable, or an approved design using accepted engineering practice for hygrothermal analysis. Vapor retarders shall be installed in accordance with Section 1404.3.2. The appropriate climate zone shall be selected in accordance with the California Energy Code .

Exceptions:

Basement walls.
Below-grade portion of any wall.
Construction where accumulation, condensation or freezing of moisture will not damage the materials.
A vapor retarder shall not be required in Climate Zones 1, 2, and 3.
In Climate Zones 4 through 8, a vapor retarder on the interior side of frame walls shall not be required where the assembly complies with Table 1404.3(5).

TABLE 1404.3(1)—VAPOR RETARDER MATERIALS AND CLASSES

VAPOR RETARDER CLASS	ACCEPTABLE MATERIALS
I	Sheet polyethylene, nonperforated aluminum foil, or other approved materials with a perm rating of less than or equal to 0.1
II	Kraft-faced fiberglass batts or vapor retarder paint or other approved materials, applied in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions for a perm rating greater than 0.1 and less than or equal to 1.0
III	Latex paint, enamel paint, or other approved materials, applied in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruc- tions for a perm rating of greater than 1.0 and less than or equal to 10

TABLE 1404.3(2)—VAPOR RETARDER OPTIONS

CLIMATE ZONE	VAPOR RETARDER CLASS	VAPOR RETARDER CLASS	VAPOR RETARDER CLASS
CLIMATE ZONE	Ia	IIa	III
1, 2	Not permitted	Not Permitted	Permitted
3	Not permitted	Permittedc	Permitted
4 (except Marine)	Not permitted	Permittedc	See Table 1404.3(3)
Marine 4, 5, 6, 7, 8	Permittedb, c	Permittedc	See Table 1404.3(3)
a. A responsive vapor retarder shall be allowed on the interior side of any frame wall in all climate zones. b. In frame walls with a Class I vapor retarder on the exterior side, use of a Class I interior vapor retarder that is not a responsive vapor retarder shall require an_approved_ design. c. Where a Class I or II vapor retarder is used in combination with foam plastic insulating sheathing installed as continuous insulation on the exterior side of frame walls, the continuous insulation shall comply with Table 1404.3(4) and the Class I or II vapor retarder shall be a responsive vapor retarder.

TABLE 1404.3(3)—CLASS III VAPOR RETARDERS

ZONE	CLASS III VAPOR RETARDERS PERMITTED FOR:a, b
4	Vented cladding over wood structural panels Vented cladding over fiberboard Vented cladding over gypsum Continuous insulation with_R_-value ≥ R-2.5 over 2 × 4 wall Continuous insulation with_R_-value ≥ R-3.75 over 2 × 6 wall
5	Vented cladding over wood structural panels Vented cladding over fiberboard Vented cladding over gypsum Continuous insulation with_R_-value ≥ R-5 over 2 × 4 wall Continuous insulation with_R_-value ≥ R-7.5 over 2 × 6 wall
6	Vented cladding over fiberboard Vented cladding over gypsum Continuous insulation with_R_-value ≥ R-7.5 over 2 × 4 wall Continuous insulation with_R_-value ≥ R-11.25 over 2 × 6 wall
7	Continuous insulation with_R_-value ≥ R-10 over 2 × 4 wall Continuous insulation with_R_-value ≥ R-15 over 2 × 6 wall
8	Continuous insulation with_R_-value ≥ R-12.5 over 2 × 4 wall Continuous insulation with_R_-value ≥ R-20 over 2 × 6 wall
a. Vented cladding shall include vinyl lap siding, polypropylene, horizontal aluminum siding, brick veneer with airspace as specified in this code, rainscreen systems and other approved vented claddings. b. The requirements in this table apply only to insulation used to control moisture in order to permit the use of Class III vapor retarders. The insulation materials used to satisfy this option also contribute to but do not supersede the building thermal envelope requirements of the_California Energy Code_.

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TABLE 1404.3(4)—CONTINUOUS INSULATION WITH A CLASS I OR II RESPONSIVE VAPOR RETARDER

CLIMATE ZONE	PERMITTED CONDITIONSa
3	Continuous insulation with_R_-value ≥ R-2
4, 5, 6	Continuous insulation with_R_-value ≥ R-3 over 2 × 4 wall Continuous insulation with_R_-value ≥ R-5 over 2 × 6 wall
7	Continuous insulation with_R_-value ≥ R-5 over 2 × 4 wall Continuous insulation with_R_-value ≥ R-7.5 over 2 × 6 wall
8	Continuous insulation with_R_-value ≥ R-7.5 over 2 × 4 wall Continuous insulation with_R_-value ≥ R-10 over 2 × 6 wall
a. The requirements in this table apply only to insulation used to control moisture in order to permit the use of Class I or II vapor retarders. The insulation materials used to satisfy this option also contribute to but do not supersede the building thermal envelope requirements of the_California Energy Code_.

TABLE 1404.3(5)—CONTINUOUS INSULATION ON WALLS WITHOUT A CLASS I, II, OR III INTERIOR VAPOR RETARDERa

CLIMATE ZONE	PERMITTED CONDITIONSb,c
4	Continuous insulation with_R_-value ≥ 4.5
5	Continuous insulation with_R_-value ≥ 6.5
6	Continuous insulation with_R_-value ≥ 8.5
7	Continuous insulation with_R_-value ≥ 11.5
8	Continuous insulation with_R_-value ≥ 14
a. The total insulating value of materials to the interior side of the exterior continuous insulation, including any cavity insulation, shall not exceed R-5. Where the_R_-value of materials to the interior side of the exterior continuous insulation exceeds R-5, an_approved_ design shall be required. b. A water vapor control material layer having a permeance of not greater than 1 perm in accordance with ASTM E96, Procedure A (dry cup) shall be placed on the exterior side of the wall and to the interior side of the exterior continuous insulation. The exterior continuous insulation shall be permitted to serve as the vapor control layer where, at its installed thickness or with a facer on its interior face, the exterior continuous insulation is a Class I or II vapor retarder. c. The requirements of this table apply only to continuous insulation used to control moisture in order to allow walls without a Class I, II or III interior vapor retarder. The insula- tion materials used to satisfy this option also contribute to but do not supersede the_building_ thermal envelope requirements of the_California Energy Code_.

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EXTERIOR WALLS

1404.3.1 Spray foam plastic insulation for moisture control with Class II and III vapor retarders. For purposes of compliance with Tables 1404.3(3) and 1404.3(4), spray foam with a maximum permeance of 1.5 perms at the installed thickness applied to the interior side of wood structural panels, fiberboard, insulating sheathing or gypsum shall be deemed to meet the continuous insulation moisture control requirement in accordance with one of the following conditions:

The spray foam R -value meets or exceeds the specified continuous insulation R-value.
The combined R -value of the spray foam and continuous insulation is equal to or greater than the specified continuous insulation R -value.

1404.3.2 Vapor retarder installation. Vapor retarders shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions or an approved design. Where a vapor retarder also functions as a component of a continuous air barrier, the vapor retarder shall be installed as an air barrier in accordance with the California Energy Code . 1404.3.3 California Energy Code and International Energy Conservation Code Climate Zones. The IECC climate zones used by this section differ from those used by the California Energy Code to determine applicability of energy efficiency measures. Comparison of IECC and California Energy Code climate zones is shown in Chapter 12, Table 1202.3.1.

1404.4 Flashing. ¶

Flashing shall be installed in such a manner so as to prevent moisture from entering the exterior wall or to redirect that moisture to the surface of the exterior wall covering or to a water-resistive barrier complying with Section 1403.2 and that is part of a means of drainage complying with Section 1402.2. Flashing shall be installed at the perimeters of exterior door and window assemblies in accordance with Section 1404.4.1, penetrations and terminations of exterior wall assemblies, exterior wall intersections with roofs, chimneys, porches, decks, balconies and similar projections and at built-in gutters and similar locations where moisture could enter the wall. Flashing with projecting flanges shall be installed on both sides and the ends of copings, under sills and continuously above projecting trim. Where self-adhered membranes are used as flashings of fenestration in exterior wall assemblies, those self-adhered flashings shall comply with AAMA 711. Where fluid applied membranes are used as flashing for exterior wall openings, those fluid applied membrane flashings shall comply with AAMA 714. 1404.4.1 Fenestration flashing. Flashing of the fenestration to the wall assembly shall comply with the fenestration manufacturer’s instructions or, for conditions not addressed by the fenestration manufacturer’s instructions, shall comply with one of the following:

The water-resistive barrier manufacturer’s flashing instructions.
The flashing manufacturer’s flashing instructions.
A flashing design or method of a registered design professional.
Other approved methods. 1404.4.2 Exterior wall pockets. In exterior walls of buildings or structures, wall pockets or crevices in which moisture can accumulate shall be avoided or protected with caps or drips, or other approved means shall be provided to prevent water damage.

1404.4.3 Masonry. Flashing and weep holes in anchored veneer designed in accordance with Section 1404.7 shall be located not more than 10 inches (245 mm) above finished ground level above the foundation wall or slab. At other points of support including structural floors, shelf angles and lintels, flashing and weep holes shall be located in the first course of masonry above the support.

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EXTERIOR WALLS

[BS] 1404.5 Fastening. Exterior wall coverings shall be securely fastened with corrosion-resistant fasteners in accordance with this code or the approved manufacturer’s instructions. Fastening of claddings or furring through foam plastic insulating sheathing shall comply with Section 1404.5.1, 1404.5.2 or 1404.5.3, as applicable.

[BS] 1404.5.1 Cladding attachment over foam sheathing to masonry or concrete wall construction. Cladding shall be specified and installed in accordance with this chapter and the cladding manufacturer’s installation instructions or an approved design. Foam sheathing shall be attached to masonry or concrete construction in accordance with the insulation manufacturer’s installation instructions or an approved design. Furring and furring attachments through foam sheathing shall be designed to resist design loads determined in accordance with Chapter 16, including support of cladding weight as applicable. Fasteners used to attach cladding or furring through foam sheathing to masonry or concrete substrates shall be approved for application into masonry or concrete material and shall be installed in accordance with the fastener manufacturer’s installation instructions.

Exceptions:

Where the cladding manufacturer has provided approved installation instructions for application over foam sheathing and connection to a masonry or concrete substrate, those requirements shall apply.
For exterior insulation and finish systems, refer to Section 1407.
For anchored masonry or stone veneer installed over foam sheathing, refer to Section 1404.

[BS] 1404.5.2 Cladding attachment over foam sheathing to cold-formed steel framing. Cladding shall be specified and installed in accordance with this chapter and the cladding manufacturer’s approved installation instructions, including any limitations for use over foam plastic sheathing, or an approved design. Where used, furring and furring attachments shall be designed to resist design loads determined in accordance with Chapter 16. In addition, the cladding or furring attachments through foam sheathing to cold-formed steel framing shall meet or exceed the minimum fastening requirements of Sections 1404.5.2.1 and 1404.5.2.2, or an approved design for support of cladding weight.

Exceptions:

Where the cladding manufacturer has provided approved installation instructions for application over foam sheathing, those requirements shall apply.
For exterior insulation and finish systems, refer to Section 1407.
For anchored masonry or stone veneer installed over foam sheathing, refer to Section 1404.

[BS] 1404.5.2.1 Direct attachment. Where cladding is installed directly over foam sheathing without the use of furring, cladding minimum fastening requirements to support the cladding weight shall be as specified in Table 1404.5.2.1.

[BS] TABLE 1404.5.2.1—CLADDING MINIMUM FASTENING REQUIREMENTS FOR
DIRECT ATTACHMENT OVER FOAM PLASTIC SHEATHING TO SUPPORT CLADDING WEIGHTa

CLADDING FASTENER THROUGH FOAM SHEATHING INTO:	CLADDING FASTENER TYPE AND MINIMUM SIZEb	CLADDING FASTENER VERTICAL SPACING (inches)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGc (inches)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGc (inches)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGc (inches)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGc (inches)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGc (inches)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGc (inches)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGc (inches)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGc (inches)
CLADDING FASTENER THROUGH FOAM SHEATHING INTO:	CLADDING FASTENER TYPE AND MINIMUM SIZEb	CLADDING FASTENER VERTICAL SPACING (inches)	16″ o.c. fastener horizontal spacing	16″ o.c. fastener horizontal spacing	16″ o.c. fastener horizontal spacing	16″ o.c. fastener horizontal spacing	24″ o.c. fastener horizontal spacing	24″ o.c. fastener horizontal spacing	24″ o.c. fastener horizontal spacing	24″ o.c. fastener horizontal spacing
CLADDING FASTENER THROUGH FOAM SHEATHING INTO:	CLADDING FASTENER TYPE AND MINIMUM SIZEb	CLADDING FASTENER VERTICAL SPACING (inches)	Cladding weight	Cladding weight	Cladding weight	Cladding weight	Cladding weight	Cladding weight	Cladding weight	Cladding weight
CLADDING FASTENER THROUGH FOAM SHEATHING INTO:	CLADDING FASTENER TYPE AND MINIMUM SIZEb	CLADDING FASTENER VERTICAL SPACING (inches)	3 psf	11 psf	18 psf	25 psf	3 psf	11 psf	18 psf	25 psf
Cold-formed steel framing (minimum penetration of steel thickness plus 3 threads)	#8 screw into 33 mil steel or thicker	6	3.00	2.95	2.20	1.45	3.00	2.35	1.25	DR
Cold-formed steel framing (minimum penetration of steel thickness plus 3 threads)	#8 screw into 33 mil steel or thicker	8	3.00	2.55	1.60	0.60	3.00	1.80	DR	DR
Cold-formed steel framing (minimum penetration of steel thickness plus 3 threads)	#8 screw into 33 mil steel or thicker	12	3.00	1.80	DR	DR	3.00	0.65	DR	DR
Cold-formed steel framing (minimum penetration of steel thickness plus 3 threads)	#10 screw into 33 mil steel	6	4.00	3.50	2.70	1.95	4.00	2.90	1.70	0.55
Cold-formed steel framing (minimum penetration of steel thickness plus 3 threads)	#10 screw into 33 mil steel	8	4.00	3.10	2.05	1.00	4.00	2.25	0.70	DR
Cold-formed steel framing (minimum penetration of steel thickness plus 3 threads)	#10 screw into 33 mil steel	12	4.00	2.25	0.70	DR	3.70	1.05	DR	DR
Cold-formed steel framing (minimum penetration of steel thickness plus 3 threads)	#10 screw into 43 mil steel or thicker	6	4.00	4.00	4.00	3.60	4.00	4.00	3.45	2.70
Cold-formed steel framing (minimum penetration of steel thickness plus 3 threads)	#10 screw into 43 mil steel or thicker	8	4.00	4.00	3.70	3.00	4.00	3.85	2.80	1.80
Cold-formed steel framing (minimum penetration of steel thickness plus 3 threads)	#10 screw into 43 mil steel or thicker	12	4.00	3.85	2.80	1.80	4.00	3.05	1.50	DR

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound per square foot (psf) = 0.0479 kPa, 1 pound per square inch = 0.00689 MPa.
DR = design required, o.c. = on center.
a. Cold-formed steel framing shall be minimum 33 ksi steel for 33 mil and 43 mil steel and 50 ksi steel for 54 mil steel or thicker.
b. Screws shall comply with the requirements of AISI S240.
c. Foam sheathing shall have a minimum compressive strength of 15 pounds per square inch in accordance with ASTM C578 or ASTM C1289.

[BS] 1404.5.2.2 Furred cladding attachment. Where steel or wood furring is used to attach cladding over foam sheathing, furring minimum fastening requirements to support the cladding weight shall be as specified in Table 1404.5.2.2. Where placed horizontally, wood furring shall be preservative-treated wood in accordance with Section 2303.1.9 or naturally durable wood and fasteners shall be corrosion resistant in accordance Section 2304.10.6. Steel furring shall have a minimum G60 galvanized coating.

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EXTERIOR WALLS

[BS] TABLE 1404.5.2.2—FURRING MINIMUM FASTENING REQUIREMENTS FOR
APPLICATION OVER FOAM PLASTIC SHEATHING TO SUPPORT CLADDING WEIGHTa

FURRING MATERIAL	FRAMING MEMBER	FASTENER TYPE AND MINIMUM SIZEb	MINIMUM PENETRATION INTO WALL FRAMING (inches)	FASTENER SPACING IN FURRING (inches)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGd (inches)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGd (inches)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGd (inches)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGd (inches)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGd (inches)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGd (inches)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGd (inches)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGd (inches)
FURRING MATERIAL	FRAMING MEMBER	FASTENER TYPE AND MINIMUM SIZEb	MINIMUM PENETRATION INTO WALL FRAMING (inches)	FASTENER SPACING IN FURRING (inches)	16″ o.c. furringe	16″ o.c. furringe	16″ o.c. furringe	16″ o.c. furringe	24″ o.c. furringe	24″ o.c. furringe	24″ o.c. furringe	24″ o.c. furringe
FURRING MATERIAL	FRAMING MEMBER	FASTENER TYPE AND MINIMUM SIZEb	MINIMUM PENETRATION INTO WALL FRAMING (inches)	FASTENER SPACING IN FURRING (inches)	Cladding weight	Cladding weight	Cladding weight	Cladding weight	Cladding weight	Cladding weight	Cladding weight	Cladding weight
FURRING MATERIAL	FRAMING MEMBER	FASTENER TYPE AND MINIMUM SIZEb	MINIMUM PENETRATION INTO WALL FRAMING (inches)	FASTENER SPACING IN FURRING (inches)	3 psf	11 psf	18 psf	25 psf	3 psf	11 psf	18 psf	25 psf
Minimum 33 mil steel furring or minimum 1x wood furringc	33 mil cold- formed steel stud	#8 screw	Steel thick- ness plus 3 threads	12	3.00	1.80	DR	DR	3.00	0.65	DR	DR
Minimum 33 mil steel furring or minimum 1x wood furringc	33 mil cold- formed steel stud	#8 screw	Steel thick- ness plus 3 threads	16	3.00	1.00	DR	DR	2.85	DR	DR	DR
Minimum 33 mil steel furring or minimum 1x wood furringc	33 mil cold- formed steel stud	#8 screw	Steel thick- ness plus 3 threads	24	2.85	DR	DR	DR	2.20	DR	DR	DR
Minimum 33 mil steel furring or minimum 1x wood furringc	33 mil cold- formed steel stud	#10 screw	Steel thick- ness plus 3 threads	12	4.00	2.25	0.70	DR	3.70	1.05	DR	DR
Minimum 33 mil steel furring or minimum 1x wood furringc	33 mil cold- formed steel stud	#10 screw	Steel thick- ness plus 3 threads	16	3.85	1.45	DR	DR	3.40	DR	DR	DR
Minimum 33 mil steel furring or minimum 1x wood furringc	33 mil cold- formed steel stud	#10 screw	Steel thick- ness plus 3 threads	24	3.40	DR	DR	DR	2.70	DR	DR	DR
Minimum 33 mil steel furring or minimum 1x wood furringc	43 mil or thicker cold- formed steel stud	#8 Screw	Steel thick- ness plus 3 threads	12	3.00	1.80	DR	DR	3.00	0.65	DR	DR
Minimum 33 mil steel furring or minimum 1x wood furringc	43 mil or thicker cold- formed steel stud	#8 Screw	Steel thick- ness plus 3 threads	16	3.00	1.00	DR	DR	2.85	DR	DR	DR
Minimum 33 mil steel furring or minimum 1x wood furringc	43 mil or thicker cold- formed steel stud	#8 Screw	Steel thick- ness plus 3 threads	24	2.85	DR	DR	DR	2.20	DR	DR	DR
Minimum 33 mil steel furring or minimum 1x wood furringc	43 mil or thicker cold- formed steel stud	#10 screw	Steel thick- ness plus 3 threads	12	4.00	3.85	2.80	1.80	4.00	3.05	1.50	DR
Minimum 33 mil steel furring or minimum 1x wood furringc	43 mil or thicker cold- formed steel stud	#10 screw	Steel thick- ness plus 3 threads	16	4.00	3.30	1.95	0.60	4.00	2.25	DR	DR
Minimum 33 mil steel furring or minimum 1x wood furringc	43 mil or thicker cold- formed steel stud	#10 screw	Steel thick- ness plus 3 threads	24	4.00	2.25	DR	DR	4.00	0.65	DR	DR

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound per square foot (psf) = 0.0479 kPa, 1 pound per square inch = 0.00689 MPa.
DR = Design Required, o.c. = on center.
a. Wood furring shall be spruce-pine-fir or any softwood species with a specific gravity of 0.42 or greater. Steel furring shall be minimum 33 ksi steel. Cold-formed steel studs
shall be minimum 33 ksi steel for 33 mil and 43 mil thickness and 50 ksi steel for 54 mil steel or thicker.
b. Screws shall comply with the requirements of AISI S240.
c. Where the required cladding fastener penetration into wood material exceeds3/4 inch and is not more than 11/2 inches, a minimum 2-inch nominal wood furring or an
approved design shall be used.
d. Foam sheathing shall have a minimum compressive strength of 15 pounds per square inch in accordance with ASTM C578 or ASTM C1289.
e. Furring shall be spaced not more than 24 inches on center, in a vertical or horizontal orientation. In a vertical orientation, furring shall be located over wall studs and attached
with the required fastener spacing. In a horizontal orientation, the indicated 8-inch and 12-inch fastener spacing in furring shall be achieved by use of two fasteners into studs
at 16 inches and 24 inches on center, respectively.

[BS] 1404.5.3 Cladding attachment over foam sheathing to wood framing. Cladding shall be specified and installed in accordance with this chapter and the cladding manufacturer’s installation instructions. Where used, furring and furring attachments shall be designed to resist design loads determined in accordance with Chapter 16. In addition, the cladding or furring attachments through foam sheathing to framing shall meet or exceed the minimum fastening requirements of Section 1404.5.3.1 or 1404.5.3.2, or an approved design for support of cladding weight.

Exceptions:

Where the cladding manufacturer has provided approved installation instructions for application over foam sheathing, those requirements shall apply.
For exterior insulation and finish systems, refer to Section 1407.
For anchored masonry or stone veneer installed over foam sheathing, refer to Section 1404.

[BS] 1404.5.3.1 Direct attachment. Where cladding is installed directly over foam sheathing without the use of furring, minimum fastening requirements to support the cladding weight shall be as specified in Table 1404.5.3.1.

[BS] TABLE 1404.5.3.1—CLADDING MINIMUM FASTENING REQUIREMENTS FOR
DIRECT ATTACHMENT OVER FOAM PLASTIC SHEATHING TO SUPPORT CLADDING WEIGHTa

CLADDING FASTENER THROUGH FOAM SHEATHING INTO:	CLADDING FASTENER TYPE AND MINIMUM SIZEc	CLADDING FASTENER VERTICAL SPACING (INCHES)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGd (INCHES)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGd (INCHES)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGd (INCHES)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGd (INCHES)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGd (INCHES)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGd (INCHES)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGd (INCHES)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGd (INCHES)
CLADDING FASTENER THROUGH FOAM SHEATHING INTO:	CLADDING FASTENER TYPE AND MINIMUM SIZEc	CLADDING FASTENER VERTICAL SPACING (INCHES)	16″ o.c. fastener horizontal spacing	16″ o.c. fastener horizontal spacing	16″ o.c. fastener horizontal spacing	16″ o.c. fastener horizontal spacing	24″ o.c. fastener horizontal spacing	24″ o.c. fastener horizontal spacing	24″ o.c. fastener horizontal spacing	24″ o.c. fastener horizontal spacing
CLADDING FASTENER THROUGH FOAM SHEATHING INTO:	CLADDING FASTENER TYPE AND MINIMUM SIZEc	CLADDING FASTENER VERTICAL SPACING (INCHES)	Cladding weight:	Cladding weight:	Cladding weight:	Cladding weight:	Cladding weight:	Cladding weight:	Cladding weight:	Cladding weight:
CLADDING FASTENER THROUGH FOAM SHEATHING INTO:	CLADDING FASTENER TYPE AND MINIMUM SIZEc	CLADDING FASTENER VERTICAL SPACING (INCHES)	3 psf	11 psf	18 psf	25 psf	3 psf	11 psf	18 psf	25 psf
Wood Framing (minimum 11/4- inch penetration)b	0.113" diameter nail	6	2.00	1.45	0.75	DR	2.00	0.85	DR	DR
Wood Framing (minimum 11/4- inch penetration)b	0.113" diameter nail	8	2.00	1.00	DR	DR	2.00	0.55	DR	DR
Wood Framing (minimum 11/4- inch penetration)b	0.113" diameter nail	12	2.00	0.55	DR	DR	1.85	DR	DR	DR

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[BS] TABLE 1404.5.3.1—CLADDING MINIMUM FASTENING REQUIREMENTS FOR
DIRECT ATTACHMENT OVER FOAM PLASTIC SHEATHING TO SUPPORT CLADDING WEIGHTa—continued

CLADDING FASTENER THROUGH FOAM SHEATHING INTO:	CLADDING FASTENER TYPE AND MINIMUM SIZEc	CLADDING FASTENER VERTICAL SPACING (INCHES)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGd (INCHES)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGd (INCHES)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGd (INCHES)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGd (INCHES)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGd (INCHES)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGd (INCHES)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGd (INCHES)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGd (INCHES)
CLADDING FASTENER THROUGH FOAM SHEATHING INTO:	CLADDING FASTENER TYPE AND MINIMUM SIZEc	CLADDING FASTENER VERTICAL SPACING (INCHES)	16″ o.c. fastener horizontal spacing	16″ o.c. fastener horizontal spacing	16″ o.c. fastener horizontal spacing	16″ o.c. fastener horizontal spacing	24″ o.c. fastener horizontal spacing	24″ o.c. fastener horizontal spacing	24″ o.c. fastener horizontal spacing	24″ o.c. fastener horizontal spacing
CLADDING FASTENER THROUGH FOAM SHEATHING INTO:	CLADDING FASTENER TYPE AND MINIMUM SIZEc	CLADDING FASTENER VERTICAL SPACING (INCHES)	Cladding weight:	Cladding weight:	Cladding weight:	Cladding weight:	Cladding weight:	Cladding weight:	Cladding weight:	Cladding weight:
CLADDING FASTENER THROUGH FOAM SHEATHING INTO:	CLADDING FASTENER TYPE AND MINIMUM SIZEc	CLADDING FASTENER VERTICAL SPACING (INCHES)	3 psf	11 psf	18 psf	25 psf	3 psf	11 psf	18 psf	25 psf
Wood Framing (minimum 11/4- inch penetration)b	0.120" diameter nail	6	3.00	1.70	0.90	0.55	3.00	1.05	0.50	DR
Wood Framing (minimum 11/4- inch penetration)b	0.120" diameter nail	8	3.00	1.20	0.60	DR	3.00	0.70	DR	DR
Wood Framing (minimum 11/4- inch penetration)b	0.120" diameter nail	12	3.00	0.70	DR	DR	2.15	DR	DR	DR
Wood Framing (minimum 11/4- inch penetration)b	0.131" diameter nail	6	4.00	2.15	1.20	0.75	4.00	1.35	0.70	DR
Wood Framing (minimum 11/4- inch penetration)b	0.131" diameter nail	8	4.00	1.55	0.80	DR	4.00	0.90	DR	DR
Wood Framing (minimum 11/4- inch penetration)b	0.131" diameter nail	12	4.00	0.90	DR	DR	2.70	0.50	DR	DR
Wood Framing (minimum 11/4- inch penetration)b	0.162" diameter nail	6	4.00	3.55	2.05	1.40	4.00	2.25	1.25	0.80
Wood Framing (minimum 11/4- inch penetration)b	0.162" diameter nail	8	4.00	2.55	1.45	0.95	4.00	1.60	0.85	0.50
Wood Framing (minimum 11/4- inch penetration)b	0.162" diameter nail	12	4.00	1.60	0.85	0.50	4.00	0.95	DR	DR

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound per square foot (psf) = 0.0479 kPa.
DR = Design Required, o.c. = on center.
a. Wood framing shall be spruce-pine-fir or any wood species with a specific gravity of 0.42 or greater in accordance with ANSI/AWC NDS.
b. The thickness of wood structural panels complying with the specific gravity requirement of Note a shall be permitted to be included in satisfying the minimum penetration
into framing.
c. Nail fasteners shall comply with ASTM F1667, except nail length shall be permitted to exceed ASTM F1667 standard lengths.
d. Foam sheathing shall have a minimum compressive strength of 15 psi in accordance with ASTM C578 or ASTM C1289.

[BS] 1404.5.3.2 Furred cladding attachment. Where wood furring is used to attach cladding over foam sheathing, furring minimum fastening requirements to support the cladding weight shall be as specified in Table 1404.5.3.2. Where placed horizontally, wood furring shall be preservative-treated wood in accordance with Section 2303.1.9 or naturally durable wood and fasteners shall be corrosion resistant in accordance with Section 2304.10.6.

** Where wood furring is used to attach cladding over foam sheathing, furring minimum fastening requirements to support the cladding weight shall be as specified in Table 1404.5.3.2. Where placed horizontally, wood furring shall be preservative-treated wood in accordance with Section 2303.1.9 or naturally durable wood and fasteners shall be corrosion resistant in accordance with Section 2304.10.6.

[BS] TABLE 1404.5.3.2—FURRING MINIMUM FASTENING REQUIREMENTS FOR
APPLICATION OVER FOAM PLASTIC SHEATHING TO SUPPORT CLADDING WEIGHTa, b

FURRING MATERIAL	FRAMING MEMBER	FASTENER TYPE AND MINIMUM SIZE	MINIMUM PENETRATION INTO WALL FRAMING (INCHES)c	FASTENER SPACING IN FURRING (INCHES)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGe (INCHES)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGe (INCHES)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGe (INCHES)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGe (INCHES)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGe (INCHES)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGe (INCHES)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGe (INCHES)	MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF FOAM SHEATHINGe (INCHES)
FURRING MATERIAL	FRAMING MEMBER	FASTENER TYPE AND MINIMUM SIZE	MINIMUM PENETRATION INTO WALL FRAMING (INCHES)c	FASTENER SPACING IN FURRING (INCHES)	16″ o.c. furringf	16″ o.c. furringf	16″ o.c. furringf	16″ o.c. furringf	24″ o.c. furringf	24″ o.c. furringf	24″ o.c. furringf	24″ o.c. furringf
FURRING MATERIAL	FRAMING MEMBER	FASTENER TYPE AND MINIMUM SIZE	MINIMUM PENETRATION INTO WALL FRAMING (INCHES)c	FASTENER SPACING IN FURRING (INCHES)	Siding weight:	Siding weight:	Siding weight:	Siding weight:	Siding weight:	Siding weight:	Siding weight:	Siding weight:
FURRING MATERIAL	FRAMING MEMBER	FASTENER TYPE AND MINIMUM SIZE	MINIMUM PENETRATION INTO WALL FRAMING (INCHES)c	FASTENER SPACING IN FURRING (INCHES)	3 psf	11 psf	18 psf	25 psf	3 psf	11 psf	18 psf	25 psf
Minimum 1x Wood Furringd	Minimum 2x Wood Stud	0.131" diameter nail	11/4	8	4.00	2.45	1.45	0.95	4.00	1.60	0.85	DR
Minimum 1x Wood Furringd	Minimum 2x Wood Stud	0.131" diameter nail	11/4	12	4.00	1.60	0.85	DR	4.00	0.95	DR	DR
Minimum 1x Wood Furringd	Minimum 2x Wood Stud	0.131" diameter nail	11/4	16	4.00	1.10	DR	DR	3.05	0.60	DR	DR
Minimum 1x Wood Furringd	Minimum 2x Wood Stud	0.162" diameter nail	11/4	8	4.00	4.00	2.45	1.60	4.00	2.75	1.45	0.85
Minimum 1x Wood Furringd	Minimum 2x Wood Stud	0.162" diameter nail	11/4	12	4.00	2.75	1.45	0.85	4.00	1.65	0.75	DR
Minimum 1x Wood Furringd	Minimum 2x Wood Stud	0.162" diameter nail	11/4	16	4.00	1.90	0.95	DR	4.00	1.05	DR	DR
Minimum 1x Wood Furringd	Minimum 2x Wood Stud	No. 10 wood screw	1	12	4.00	2.30	1.20	0.70	4.00	1.40	0.60	DR
Minimum 1x Wood Furringd	Minimum 2x Wood Stud	No. 10 wood screw	1	16	4.00	1.65	0.75	DR	4.00	0.90	DR	DR
Minimum 1x Wood Furringd	Minimum 2x Wood Stud	No. 10 wood screw	1	24	4.00	0.90	DR	DR	2.85	DR	DR	DR
Minimum 1x Wood Furringd	Minimum 2x Wood Stud	1/4" lag screw	11/2	12	4.00	2.65	1.50	0.90	4.00	1.65	0.80	DR
Minimum 1x Wood Furringd	Minimum 2x Wood Stud	1/4" lag screw	11/2	16	4.00	1.95	0.95	0.50	4.00	1.10	DR	DR
Minimum 1x Wood Furringd	Minimum 2x Wood Stud	1/4" lag screw	11/2	24	4.00	1.10	DR	DR	3.25	0.50	DR	DR

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound per square foot (psf) = 0.0479 kPa, 1 pound per square inch = 0.00689 MPa.
DR = Design Required, o.c. = on center.
a. Wood framing and furring shall be spruce-pine-fir or any wood species with a specific gravity of 0.42 or greater in accordance with ANSI/AWC NDS.
b. Nail fasteners shall comply with ASTM F1667, except nail length shall be permitted to exceed ASTM F1667 standard lengths.
c. The thickness of wood structural panels complying with the specific gravity requirements of Note a shall be permitted to be included in satisfying the minimum required
penetration into framing.
d. Where the required cladding fastener penetration into wood material exceeds3/4 inch and is not more than 11/2 inches, a minimum 2-inch nominal wood furring or an
approved design shall be used.
e. Foam sheathing shall have a minimum compressive strength of 15 psi in accordance with ASTM C578 or ASTM C1289.
f. Furring shall be spaced not greater than 24 inches on center in a vertical or horizontal orientation. In a vertical orientation, furring shall be located over wall studs and attached with
the required fastener spacing. In a horizontal orientation, the indicated 8-inch and 12-inch fastener spacing in furring shall be achieved by use of two fasteners into studs at 16 inches
and 24 inches on center, respectively.

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1404.6 Wood veneers. ¶

Wood veneers on exterior walls of buildings of Types I, II, III and IV construction shall be not less than 1 inch (25 mm) nominal thickness, 0.438-inch (11.1 mm) exterior hardboard siding or 0.375-inch (9.5 mm) exterior-type wood structural panels or particleboard and shall conform to the following:

The veneer shall not exceed 40 feet (12 190 mm) in height above grade. Where fire-retardant-treated wood is used, the height shall not exceed 60 feet (18 290 mm) in height above grade.
The veneer is attached to or furred from a noncombustible backing that is fire-resistance rated as required by other provisions of this code.
Where open or spaced wood veneers (without concealed spaces) are used, they shall not project more than 24 inches (610 mm) from the building wall.

[BS] 1404.7 Anchored masonry veneer. Anchored masonry veneer shall comply with the provisions of Sections 1404.7 through 1404.10 and Sections 13.1 and 13.2 of TMS 402.

[BS] 1404.7.1 Tolerances. Anchored masonry veneers in accordance with Chapter 14 are not required to meet the tolerances in Article 3.3 G.1 of TMS 602.

[BS] 1404.8 Stone veneer. Anchored stone veneer units not exceeding 10 inches (254 mm) in thickness shall be anchored directly to masonry, concrete or to stud construction by one of the following methods:

With concrete or masonry backing, anchor ties shall be not less than 0.1055-inch (2.68 mm) corrosion-resistant wire, or approved equal, formed beyond the base of the backing. The legs of the loops shall be not less than 6 inches (152 mm) in length bent at right angles and laid in the mortar joint, and spaced so that the eyes or loops are 12 inches (305 mm) maximum on center in both directions. There shall be provided not less than a 0.1055-inch (2.68 mm) corrosion-resistant wire tie, or approved equal, threaded through the exposed loops for every 2 square feet (0.2 m [2] ) of stone veneer. This tie shall be a loop having legs not less than 15 inches (381 mm) in length bent so that the tie will lie in the stone veneer mortar joint. The last 2 inches (51 mm) of each wire leg shall have a right-angle bend. One-inch (25 mm) minimum thickness of cement grout shall be placed between the backing and the stone veneer.
With wood stud backing, a 2-inch by 2-inch (51 by 51 mm) 0.0625-inch (1.59 mm) zinc-coated or nonmetallic coated wire mesh with two layers of water-resistive barrier in accordance with Section 1403.2 shall be applied directly to wood studs spaced not more than 16 inches (406 mm) on center. On studs, the mesh shall be attached with 2-inch-long (51 mm) corrosion-resistant steel wire furring nails at 4 inches (102 mm) on center providing a minimum 1.125-inch (29 mm) penetration into each stud and with 8d annular threaded nails at 8 inches (203 mm) on center. into top and bottom plates or with equivalent wire ties. There shall be not less than a 0.1055-inch (2.68 mm) zinc-coated or nonmetallic coated wire, or approved equal, attached to the stud with not smaller than an 8d (0.120 in. diameter) annular threaded nail for every 2 square feet (0.2 m [2] ) of stone veneer. This tie shall be a loop having legs not less than 15 inches (381 mm) in length, so bent that the tie will lie in the stone veneer mortar joint. The last 2 inches (51 mm) of each wire leg shall have a right-angle bend. One-inch (25 mm) minimum thickness of cement grout shall be placed between the backing and the stone veneer.
With cold-formed steel stud backing, a 2-inch by 2-inch (51 by 51 mm) 0.0625-inch (1.59 mm) zinc-coated or nonmetallic coated wire mesh with two layers of water-resistive barrier in accordance with Section 1403.2 shall be applied directly to steel studs spaced a not more than 16 inches (406 mm) on center. The mesh shall be attached with corrosion-resistant #8 self-drilling, tapping screws at 4 inches (102 mm) on center, and at 8 inches (203 mm) on center into top and bottom tracks or with equivalent wire ties. Screws shall extend through the steel connection not fewer than three exposed threads. There shall be not less than a 0.1055-inch (2.68 mm) corrosion-resistant wire, or approved equal, attached to the stud with not smaller than a #8 self-drilling, tapping screw extending through the steel framing not fewer than three exposed threads for every 2 square feet (0.2 m [2] ) of stone veneer. This tie shall be a loop having legs not less than 15 inches (381 mm) in length, so bent that the tie will lie in the stone veneer mortar joint. The last 2 inches (51 mm) of each wire leg shall have a right-angle bend. Cement grout not less than 1 inch (25 mm) in thickness shall be placed between the backing and the stone veneer. The cold-formed steel framing members shall have a minimum bare steel thickness of 0.0428 inches (1.087 mm).

less than 15 inches (381 mm) in length, so bent that the tie will lie in the stone veneer mortar joint. The last 2 inches (51 mm) of each wire leg shall have a right-angle bend. Cement grout not less than 1 inch (25 mm) in thickness shall be placed between the backing and the stone veneer. The cold-formed steel framing members shall have a minimum bare steel thickness of 0.0428 inches (1.087 mm).

[BS] 1404.9 Slab-type veneer. Anchored slab-type veneer units not exceeding 2 inches (51 mm) in thickness shall be anchored directly to masonry, concrete or light-frame construction. For veneer units of marble, travertine, granite or other stone units of slab form, ties of corrosion-resistant dowels in drilled holes shall be located in the middle third of the edge of the units, spaced not more than 24 inches (610 mm) apart around the periphery of each unit with not less than four ties per veneer unit. Units shall not exceed 20 square feet (1.9 m [2] ) in area. If the dowels are not tight fitting, the holes shall be drilled not more than 0.063 inch (1.6 mm) larger in diameter than the dowel, with the hole countersunk to a diameter and depth equal to twice the diameter of the dowel in order to provide a tight-fitting key of cement mortar at the dowel locations where the mortar in the joint has set. Veneer ties shall be corrosion-resistant metal capable of resisting, in tension or compression, a force equal to two times the weight of the attached veneer. If made of sheet metal, veneer ties shall be not smaller in area than 0.0336 by 1 inch (0.853 by 25 mm) or, if made of wire, not smaller in diameter than 0.1483-inch (3.76 mm) wire.

[BS] 1404.10 Terra cotta. Anchored terra cotta or ceramic units not less than 1 [5] / 8 inches (41 mm) thick shall be anchored directly to masonry, concrete or stud construction. Tied terra cotta or ceramic veneer units shall be not less than 1 [5] / 8 inches (41 mm) thick with projecting dovetail webs on the back surface spaced approximately 8 inches (203 mm) on center. The facing shall be tied to the backing wall with corrosion-resistant metal anchors of not less than No. 8 gage wire installed at the top of each piece in horizontal bed joints not less than 12 inches (305 mm) nor more than 18 inches (457 mm) on center; these anchors shall be secured to [1] / 4 -inch (6.4 mm) corrosion-resistant pencil rods that pass through the vertical aligned loop anchors in the backing wall. The veneer ties shall have sufficient strength to support the full weight of the veneer in tension. The facing shall be set with not less than a 2-inch (51 mm)

14-12 2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

EXTERIOR WALLS

space from the backing wall and the space shall be filled solidly with Portland cement grout and pea gravel. Immediately prior to setting, the backing wall and the facing shall be drenched with clean water and shall be distinctly damp when the grout is poured.

[BS] 1404.11 Adhered masonry veneer. Adhered masonry veneer shall comply with the applicable requirements in this section and Sections 13.1 and 13.2 of TMS 402.

[BS] 1404.11.1 Exterior adhered masonry veneer. Exterior adhered masonry veneer shall be installed in accordance with Section 1404.11 and the manufacturer’s instructions.

[BS] 1404.11.1.1 Water-resistive barriers. Water-resistive barriers shall be installed as required in Section 2510.6.

[BS] 1404.11.1.2 Flashing. Flashing shall comply with the applicable requirements of Sections 1404.4 and 1404.11.1.2.1.

[BS] 1404.11.1.2.1 Flashing at foundation. A corrosion-resistant screed or flashing of a minimum 0.019-inch (0.48 mm) or 26 gage galvanized or plastic with a minimum vertical attachment flange of 3 [1] / 2 inches (89 mm) shall be installed to extend not less than 1 inch (25 mm) below the foundation plate line on exterior stud walls in accordance with Section 1404.4. The water-resistive barrier shall lap over the exterior of the attachment flange of the screed or flashing.

[BS] 1404.11.1.3 Clearances. On exterior stud walls, adhered masonry veneer shall be installed not less than 4 inches (102 mm) above the earth, or not less than 2 inches (51 mm) above paved areas, or not less than [1] / 2 inch (12.7 mm) above exterior walking surfaces that are supported by the same foundation that supports the exterior wall.

[BS] 1404.11.1.4 Adhered masonry veneer installed with lath and mortar. Exterior adhered masonry veneer installed with lath and mortar shall comply with the following.

[BS] 1404.11.1.4.1 Lathing. Lathing shall comply with the requirements of Section 2510.

[BS] 1404.11.1.4.2 Scratch coat. A nominal [1] / 2 -inch-thick (12.7 mm) layer of mortar complying with the material requirements of Sections 2103 and 2512.2 shall be applied, encapsulating the lathing. The surface of this mortar shall be scored horizontally, resulting in a scratch coat.

[BS] 1404.11.1.4.3 Adhering veneer. The masonry veneer units shall be adhered to the mortar scratch coat with a nominal 1 / 2 -inch-thick (12.7 mm) setting bed of mortar complying with Sections 2103 and 2512.2 applied to create a full setting bed for the back of the masonry veneer units. The masonry veneer units shall be worked into the setting bed resulting in a nominal [3] / 8 -inch (9.5 mm) setting bed after the masonry veneer units are applied.

[BS] 1404.11.1.5 Adhered masonry veneer applied directly to masonry and concrete. Adhered masonry veneer applied directly to masonry or concrete shall comply with the applicable requirements of Section 1404.11 and with the requirements of Section 1404.11.1.4 or 2510.7.

[BS] 1404.11.1.6 Cold weather construction. Cold weather construction of adhered masonry veneer shall comply with the requirements of Sections 2104 and 2512.4.

[BS] 1404.11.1.7 Hot weather construction. Hot weather construction of adhered masonry veneer shall comply with the requirements of Section 2104.

[BS] 1404.11.2 Exterior adhered masonry veneers—porcelain tile. Adhered units weighing more than 3.5 pounds per square foot (0.17 kN/m [2] ) shall not exceed 48 inches (1219 mm) in any face dimension nor more than 9 square feet (0.8 m [2] ) in total face area and shall not weigh more than 6 pounds per square foot (0.29 kN/m [2] ). Adhered units weighing less than or equal to 3.5 pounds per square foot (0.17 kN/m [2] ) shall not exceed 72 inches (1829 mm) in any face dimension nor more than 17.5 square feet (1.6 m [2] ) in total face area. Porcelain tile shall be adhered to an approved backing system.

[BS] 1404.11.3 Interior adhered masonry veneers. Interior adhered masonry veneers shall have a maximum weight of 20 psf (0.958 kg/m [2] ) and shall be installed in accordance with Section 1404.11. Where the interior adhered masonry veneer is supported by wood construction, the supporting members shall be designed to limit deflection to [1] / 600 of the span of the supporting members.

[BS] 1404.12 Metal veneers. Veneers of metal shall be fabricated from approved corrosion-resistant materials or shall be protected front and back with porcelain enamel, or otherwise be treated to render the metal resistant to corrosion. Such veneers shall be not less than 0.0149-inch (0.378 mm) nominal thickness sheet steel mounted on wood or metal furring strips or approved sheathing on light-frame construction.

[BS] 1404.12.1 Attachment. Exterior metal veneer shall be securely attached to the supporting masonry or framing members with corrosion-resistant fastenings, metal ties or by other approved devices or methods. The spacing of the fastenings or ties shall not exceed 24 inches (610 mm) either vertically or horizontally, but where units exceed 4 square feet (0.4 m [2] ) in area there shall be not less than four attachments per unit. The metal attachments shall have a cross-sectional area not less than provided by W 1.7 wire. Such attachments and their supports shall be designed and constructed to resist the wind loads as specified in Section 1609 for components and cladding.

1404.12.2 Weather protection. Metal supports for exterior metal veneer shall be protected by painting, galvanizing or by other equivalent coating or treatment. Wood studs, furring strips or other wood supports for exterior metal veneer shall be approved pressure-treated wood or protected as required in Section 1402.2. Joints and edges exposed to the weather shall be caulked with approved durable waterproofing material or by other approved means to prevent penetration of moisture.

1404.12.3 Backup. Masonry backup shall not be required for metal veneer unless required by the fire-resistance requirements of this code.

1404.12.4 Grounding. Grounding of metal veneers on buildings shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 27 of this code.

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[BS] 1404.13 Glass veneer. The area of a single section of thin exterior structural glass veneer shall not exceed 10 square feet (0.93 m [2] ) where that section is not more than 15 feet (4572 mm) above the level of the sidewalk or grade level directly below, and shall not exceed 6 square feet (0.56 m [2] ) where it is more than 15 feet (4572 mm) above that level.

[BS] 1404.13.1 Length and height. The length or height of any section of thin exterior structural glass veneer shall not exceed 48 inches (1219 mm).

[BS] 1404.13.2 Thickness. The thickness of thin exterior structural glass veneer shall be not less than 0.344 inch (8.7 mm).

[BS] 1404.13.3 Application. Thin exterior structural glass veneer shall be set only after backing is thoroughly dry and after application of an approved bond coat uniformly over the entire surface of the backing so as to effectively seal the surface. Glass shall be set in place with an approved mastic cement in sufficient quantity so that not less than 50 percent of the area of each glass unit is directly bonded to the backing by mastic not less than [1] / 4 inch (6.4 mm) thick and not more than [5] / 8 inch (15.9 mm) thick. The bond coat and mastic shall be evaluated for compatibility and shall bond firmly together.

[BS] 1404.13.4 Installation at sidewalk level. Where glass extends to a sidewalk surface, each section shall rest in an approved metal molding, and be set not less than [1] / 4 inch (6.4 mm) above the highest point of the sidewalk. The space between the molding and the sidewalk shall be thoroughly caulked and made watertight.

[BS] 1404.13.4.1 Installation above sidewalk level. Where thin exterior structural glass veneer is installed above the level of the top of a bulkhead facing, or at a level more than 36 inches (914 mm) above the sidewalk level, the mastic cement binding shall be supplemented with approved nonferrous metal shelf angles located in the horizontal joints in every course. Such shelf angles shall be not less than 0.0478-inch (1.2 mm) thick and not less than 2 inches (51 mm) long and shall be spaced at approved intervals, with not less than two angles for each glass unit. Shelf angles shall be secured to the wall or backing with expansion bolts, toggle bolts or by other approved methods.

[BS] 1404.13.5 Joints. Unless otherwise specifically approved by the building official, abutting edges of thin exterior structural glass veneer shall be ground square. Mitered joints shall not be used except where specifically approved for wide angles. Joints shall be uniformly buttered with an approved jointing compound and horizontal joints shall be held to not less than 0.063 inch (1.6 mm) by an approved nonrigid substance or device. Where thin exterior structural glass veneer abuts nonresilient material at sides or top, expansion joints not less than [1] / 4 inch (6.4 mm) wide shall be provided.

t where specifically approved for wide angles. Joints shall be uniformly buttered with an approved jointing compound and horizontal joints shall be held to not less than 0.063 inch (1.6 mm) by an approved nonrigid substance or device. Where thin exterior structural glass veneer abuts nonresilient material at sides or top, expansion joints not less than [1] / 4 inch (6.4 mm) wide shall be provided.

[BS] 1404.13.6 Mechanical fastenings. Thin exterior structural glass veneer installed above the level of the heads of show windows and veneer installed more than 12 feet (3658 mm) above sidewalk level shall, in addition to the mastic cement and shelf angles, be held in place by the use of fastenings at each vertical or horizontal edge, or at the four corners of each glass unit. Fastenings shall be secured to the wall or backing with expansion bolts, toggle bolts or by other methods. Fastenings shall be so designed as to hold the glass veneer in a vertical plane independent of the mastic cement. Shelf angles providing both support and fastenings shall be permitted.

[BS] 1404.13.7 Flashing. Exposed edges of thin exterior structural glass veneer shall be flashed with overlapping corrosion-resistant metal flashing and caulked with a waterproof compound in a manner to effectively prevent the entrance of moisture between the glass veneer and the backing.

1404.14 Exterior windows and doors. ¶

Windows and doors installed in exterior walls shall conform to the testing and performance requirements of Section 1709.5.

1404.14.1 Installation. Windows and doors shall be installed in accordance with approved manufacturer’s instructions. Fastener size and spacing shall be provided in such instructions and shall be calculated based on maximum loads and spacing used in the tests.

[BS] 1404.15 Vinyl siding and insulated vinyl siding. Vinyl siding and insulated vinyl siding conforming to the requirements of this section and complying with ASTM D3679 and ASTM D7793, respectively, shall be permitted on exterior walls where the design wind pressure determined in accordance with Section 1609 does not exceed 30 pounds per square foot (1.44 kN/m [2] ). Where the design wind pressure exceeds 30 pounds per square foot (1.44 kN/m [2] ), tests or calculations indicating compliance with Chapter 16 shall be submitted.

[BS] 1404.15.1 Application. The siding shall be applied over sheathing or materials listed in Section 2304.6. Siding shall be applied to conform to the water-resistive barrier requirements in Section 1402. Siding and accessories shall be installed in accordance with the approved manufacturer’s instructions.

[BS] 1404.15.1.1 Fasteners and fastener penetration for wood construction. Unless otherwise specified in the approved manufacturer’s instructions, nails used to fasten the siding and accessories shall be corrosion resistant and have not less than a 0.313-inch (7.9 mm) head diameter and [1] / 8 -inch (3.18 mm) shank diameter. The penetration into nailable substrate shall be not less than 1 [1] / 4 inches (32 mm).

[BS] 1404.15.1.2 Fasteners and fastener penetration for cold-formed steel light-fame construction. For cold-formed steel light-frame construction, corrosion-resistant fasteners shall be used. Screw fasteners shall penetrate through the steel with not fewer than three exposed threads. Other fasteners shall be installed in accordance with the approved construction documents and manufacturer’s instructions.

[BS] 1404.15.1.3 Fastener spacing. Unless specified otherwise by the approved manufacturer’s instructions, fasteners shall be installed in the middle third of the slots of the nail hem and spacing between fasteners shall be not greater than 16 inches (406 mm) for horizontal siding and 12 inches (305 mm) for vertical siding.

14-14 2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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EXTERIOR WALLS

[BS] 1404.15.2 Installation over foam plastic insulating sheathing. Where vinyl siding or insulated vinyl siding is installed over foam plastic insulating sheathing, the vinyl siding or insulated vinyl siding shall comply with Section 1404.15 and shall have a wind load design pressure rating in accordance with Table 1404.15.2.

Exceptions:

Where the foam plastic insulating sheathing is applied directly over wood structural panels, fiberboard, gypsum sheathing or other approved backing capable of independently resisting the design wind pressure, the vinyl siding or insulated vinyl siding shall be installed in accordance with Section 1404.15.1.
Where the vinyl siding or insulated vinyl siding manufacturer’s product specifications provide an approved wind load design pressure rating for installation over foam plastic insulating sheathing, use of this wind load design pressure rating shall be permitted and the siding shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
Where the foam plastic insulating sheathing and its attachment has a design wind pressure resistance complying with Sections 1609 and 2603.10, the vinyl siding or insulated vinyl siding shall be installed in accordance with Section 1404.15.1.

[BS] TABLE 1404.15.2—REQUIRED MINIMUM WIND LOAD DESIGN PRESSURE
RATING FOR VINYL SIDING INSTALLED OVER FOAM PLASTIC SHEATHING ALONE

ULTIMATE DESIGN WIND SPEED (MPH)	ADJUSTED MINIMUM DESIGN WIND PRESSURE (ASD) (PSF)a, b	ADJUSTED MINIMUM DESIGN WIND PRESSURE (ASD) (PSF)a, b	ADJUSTED MINIMUM DESIGN WIND PRESSURE (ASD) (PSF)a, b	ADJUSTED MINIMUM DESIGN WIND PRESSURE (ASD) (PSF)a, b	ADJUSTED MINIMUM DESIGN WIND PRESSURE (ASD) (PSF)a, b	ADJUSTED MINIMUM DESIGN WIND PRESSURE (ASD) (PSF)a, b
ULTIMATE DESIGN WIND SPEED (MPH)	Case 1: With interior gypsum wallboardc	Case 1: With interior gypsum wallboardc	Case 1: With interior gypsum wallboardc	Case 2: Without interior gypsum wallboardc	Case 2: Without interior gypsum wallboardc	Case 2: Without interior gypsum wallboardc
ULTIMATE DESIGN WIND SPEED (MPH)	Exposure	Exposure	Exposure	Exposure	Exposure	Exposure
ULTIMATE DESIGN WIND SPEED (MPH)	B	C	D	B	C	D
≤ 95	-30.0	-33.2	-39.4	-33.9	-47.4	-56.2
100	-30.0	-36.8	-43.6	-37.2	-52.5	-62.2
105	-30.0	-40.5	-48.1	-41.4	-57.9	-68.6
110	-31.8	-44.5	-52.8	-45.4	-63.5	-75.3
115	-35.5	-49.7	-59.0	-50.7	-71.0	-84.2
120	-37.4	-52.4	-62.1	-53.4	-74.8	-88.6
130	-44.9	-62.8	-74.5	-64.1	-89.7	-106
> 130	See Note d	See Note d	See Note d	See Note d	See Note d	See Note d

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa.
a. Linear interpolation is permitted.
b. The table values are based on a maximum 30-foot mean roof height, an effective wind area of 10 square feet in Wall Zone 5 (corner), and the ASD design component and clad-
ding wind pressure determined in accordance with Section 1609 multiplied by the following adjustment factors: 1.87 (Case 1) and 2.67 (Case 2).
c. Gypsum wallboard, gypsum panel product or equivalent.
d. For the indicated wind speed condition and where foam sheathing is the only sheathing on the exterior of a frame wall with vinyl siding, the wall assembly shall be capable of
resisting an impact without puncture at least equivalent to that of a wood frame wall with minimum7/16 -inch OSB sheathing as tested in accordance with ASTM E1886. The
vinyl siding shall comply with an adjusted design wind pressure requirement in accordance with Note b, using an adjustment factor of 2.67.

[BS] 1404.16 Cement plaster. Cement plaster applied to exterior walls shall conform to the requirements specified in Chapter 25.

[BS] 1404.17 Fiber-cement siding. Fiber-cement siding complying with Section 1403.9 shall be permitted on exterior walls of Types I, II, III, IV and V construction for wind pressure resistance or basic wind speed exposures as indicated by the manufacturer’s listing and label and approved installation instructions. Where specified, the siding shall be installed over sheathing or materials listed in Section 2304.6 and shall be installed to conform to the water-resistive barrier requirements in Section 1402. Siding and accessories shall be installed in accordance with approved manufacturer’s instructions. Unless otherwise specified in the approved manufacturer’s instructions, nails used to fasten the siding to wood studs shall be corrosion-resistant round head smooth shank and shall be long enough to penetrate the studs not less than 1 inch (25 mm). For cold-formed steel light-frame construction, corrosion-resistant fasteners shall be used. Screw fasteners shall penetrate the cold-formed steel framing not fewer than three exposed full threads. Other fasteners shall be installed in accordance with the approved construction documents and manufacturer’s instructions.

k and shall be long enough to penetrate the studs not less than 1 inch (25 mm). For cold-formed steel light-frame construction, corrosion-resistant fasteners shall be used. Screw fasteners shall penetrate the cold-formed steel framing not fewer than three exposed full threads. Other fasteners shall be installed in accordance with the approved construction documents and manufacturer’s instructions.

[BS] 1404.17.1 Panel siding. Fiber-cement panels shall comply with the requirements of ASTM C1186, Type A, minimum Grade II (or ISO 8336, Category A, minimum Class 2). Panels shall be installed with the long dimension either parallel or perpendicular to framing. Vertical and horizontal joints shall occur over framing members and shall be protected with caulking, with battens or flashing, or be vertical or horizontal shiplap or otherwise designed to comply with Section 1402.2. Panel siding shall be installed with fasteners in accordance with the approved manufacturer’s instructions.

[BS] 1404.17.2 Lap siding. Fiber-cement lap siding having a maximum width of 12 inches (305 mm) shall comply with the requirements of ASTM C1186, Type A, minimum Grade II (or ISO 8336, Category A, minimum Class 2). Lap siding shall be lapped not less than 1 [1] / 4 inches (32 mm) and lap siding not having tongue-and-groove end joints shall have the ends protected with caulking, covered with an H-section joint cover, located over a strip of flashing or shall be otherwise designed to comply with Section 1402.2. Lap siding courses shall be installed with the fastener heads exposed or concealed in accordance with the approved manufacturer’s instructions.

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EXTERIOR WALLS

[BS] 1404.18 Polypropylene siding. Polypropylene siding conforming to the requirements of this section and complying with Section 1403.11 shall be limited to exterior walls located in areas where the basic wind speed, V, specified in Chapter 16 does not exceed 100 miles per hour (45 m/s) and the building height is less than or equal to 40 feet (12 192 mm) in Exposure C. Where construction is located in areas where the basic wind speed, V, exceeds 100 miles per hour (45 m/s), or building heights are in excess of 40 feet (12 192 mm), tests or calculations indicating compliance with Chapter 16 shall be submitted.

[BS] 1404.18.1 Installation. Polypropylene siding and accessories shall be installed over and attached to wood structural panel sheathing with nailable substrate not less than [7] / 16 inch (11.1 mm) in thickness or other substrate suitable for mechanical fasteners in accordance with the approved manufacturer’s instructions.

[BS] 1404.18.2 Fastener requirements. Unless otherwise specified in the approved manufacturer’s instructions, nails shall be corrosion resistant, with a minimum 0.120-inch (3 mm) shank and a minimum 0.313-inch (8 mm) head diameter. Nails shall be not less than 1 [1] / 4 inches (32 mm) long or as necessary to penetrate sheathing or nailable substrate not less than [3] / 4 inch (19.1 mm). Where the nail fully penetrates the sheathing or nailable substrate, the end of the fastener shall extend not less than [1] / 4 inch (6.4 mm) beyond the opposite face of the sheathing or nailable substrate. Spacing of fasteners shall be installed in accordance with the approved manufacturer’s instructions.

[BS] 1404.19 Fiber-mat reinforced cementitious backer units. Fiber-mat reinforced cementitious backer units shall be permitted on exterior walls and shall meet the requirements of Section 1404.19.1.

[BS] 1404.19.1 Installation. Installation of fiber-mat reinforced cementitious backer units used as an exterior substrate for the application of exterior finish materials shall be in accordance with backer unit manufacturer’s installation instructions. Panels shall be installed using corrosion-resistant fasteners. Finish materials shall be installed in accordance with approved finish material manufacturer’s instructions.