CWUIC · California Wildland-Urban Interface Code

Addressing, road marking and maintaining unobstructed emergency access

Q: Must my house numbers be reflective?

Yes — addresses for residential Buildings shall be reflectorized under § 403.2.4(c) ; the lettering size must conform to Title 24 Part 9 standards.

Your home must have an official, permanently posted address (reflectorized for residences) that’s visible from the road, and driveways/roads that serve emergency vehicles must meet minimum width/clearance standards and be signed and kept free of obstructions; the CWUIC sets the addressing rules in **§ 403.2.4** and directs marking of roads to **§ 403.4** (the exact text of § 403.4 was not included in the files provided).

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Last reviewed: July 6, 2026

What the code requires — plain English

All Buildings must have an official, permanently posted address that is visible from the road and sized/installed to local and State standards — see § 403.2.4.

The Code requires markings for roads and fire‑protection equipment (and that fire access roads remain unobstructed) — these markings are referenced in the CWUIC but the explicit text of § 403.4 was not available in the files you provided; the code does state that existing roads and fire protection equipment shall be marked in accordance with § 403.4 and § 404.8.
(Standards for marking and prohibiting obstruction of fire apparatus access roads also appear in the California Fire Code — see CFC § 503.3 and § 503.4 — which the CWUIC cross‑references for access/roadway requirements.)

The most important rule: Every building must display a permanent, legible address visible from the road, and fire apparatus access roads must be marked and kept free of obstructions to preserve the minimum required widths and clearances.

Requirements in detail

Addresses (what owners / builders must provide)

Address issuance: All Buildings shall be issued an address by the Local Jurisdiction to conform with the jurisdiction’s addressing system — § 403.2.4.
Letter/number sizing: The size of letters, numbers and symbols for addresses shall conform to the standards in the California Fire Code (Title 24, Part 9) — § 403.2.4(b).
Reflectorization: Addresses for residential Buildings shall be reflectorized — § 403.2.4(c).
Installation & visibility: Addresses must be permanently posted and plainly legible and visible from the road fronting the property; where not visible from the public way a supplemental unobstructed sign or other means must be used so the address is visible from the public way — § 403.2.5.
One sign for multiple units: When multiple addresses share a single driveway, mount them on a single sign or post; along one‑way roads, signs must be visible from both directions — § 403.2.5.

Decision‑relevant dimensions and values

Topic	Required value / trigger	Where to check (Code Reference)
Address issuance (who issues)	Local Jurisdiction issues addresses	§ 403.2.4
Address lettering size (roads signs)	Minimum 4‑inch letter height, ½‑inch stroke for road signs (reflectorized)	§ 403.2.2
Reflectorization (residential)	Addresses for residential Buildings shall be reflectorized	§ 403.2.4(c)
Road sign visibility	Visible and legible from both directions for at least 100 feet	§ 403.2.3(a)
Posting timing	Posted at the beginning of construction and maintained thereafter	§ 403.2.3(d); § 403.2.5(f)
Minimum traffic lanes (roads)	Minimum two 10‑foot traffic lanes (for two‑way roads)	§ 403.1.2(a)
One‑way road lane width	One 12‑foot traffic lane (one‑way roads)	§ 403.1.2(b)
Driveway lane width & clearances	One 10‑ft traffic lane; 14‑ft unobstructed horizontal clearance; 13 ft 6 in vertical clearance	§ 403.1.2(c)
Turnout dimensions	Turnouts: 12 ft wide × 30 ft long with 25‑ft tapers	§ 403.1.7
Road surfacing & load	Roads must support fire apparatus ~75,000 lb; structures (bridges) ~40,000 lb	§ 403.1.3

Notes:

The CWUIC gives the addressing and sign visibility rules directly (see §§ 403.2.2, 403.2.3, 403.2.4, 403.2.5) and roadway clearance/widths are specified in Section 403 (see § 403.1.2, § 403.1.3, § 403.1.7).

Road marking, fire lanes and obstruction (what must be marked / kept clear)

CWUIC requires that existing roads and fire protection equipment be provided with markings in accordance with § 403.4 and § 404.8; the provided upload references those requirements but the explicit text of § 403.4 was not included in the files I searched. If you need the full text of § 403.4, it should be consulted in the official CWUIC document or from your local jurisdiction’s adoption copy.
The California Fire Code (which CWUIC cross‑references for fire‑apparatus access) requires that where required by the fire code official approved signs or markings including “NO PARKING — FIRE LANE” be provided and maintained; fire apparatus access roads shall not be obstructed and required widths/clearances must be maintained at all times (CFC § 503.3 and § 503.4). Use these CFC rules as operational guidance while you obtain § 403.4 text.

Practical points the Code enforces:

Mark and maintain fire lanes and access signage (legible and reflectorized where required).
Do not park vehicles, store materials, or permit vegetation/structures to reduce the legally required width or vertical clearance of an access route.

Exceptions & special cases

Exempt roads: Standards in Section 403 do not apply to roads used solely for agriculture, mining, timber management, or harvesting of forest products (14 CCR § 1270.03(d)). If a road is used only for those purposes it may be exempt from some CWUIC access/marking requirements.
Local modifications/approvals: The Local Jurisdiction or fire code official may approve one‑way roads, longer dead‑end roads, modifications to widths/grades, or provide alternative means where terrain or other constraints make standard compliance impractical — these are subject to local approval. (See CWUIC Section 403 cross‑references to local authority and CFC § 503.2.2 for modification authority.)
Existing buildings/roads: For existing conditions the CWUIC explicitly requires retrofitting address markers and markings in accordance with §§ 403.2.4, 403.2.5, 403.4, and 404.8. If the explicit text of § 403.4 is required for a retrofit plan, obtain the full CWUIC section from the adopted code.

Common mistakes

Installing non‑reflective residential address signs (violates § 403.2.4(c)).
Mounting addresses so they are not visible from the public way or not maintaining them after construction (violates § 403.2.5).
Allowing vehicles/structures/vegetation to reduce the required 10–12 ft traffic lane widths, 14 ft horizontal clearance, or 13 ft 6 in vertical clearance (see § 403.1.2).
Failing to post road/intersection signs or to maintain sign legibility (road signs must be visible for 100 ft) — § 403.2.3.
Assuming local private roads are “exempt” — private roads often still must meet CWUIC/CFC access/marking requirements unless expressly exempted by the local authority.

Worked example — single‑home on a long private driveway

Scenario: A homeowner is building a single‑family residence reached by a private driveway that is 350 feet long, serves one home, and connects to a public way.

What the CWUIC requires (key items you must provide/confirm):

Address: Obtain a numeric address from the Local Jurisdiction and install a permanently posted, reflectorized address that is visible from the public road (per § 403.2.4 and § 403.2.5).
Driveway clearance and width: Construct the driveway to provide at least one 10‑ft traffic lane, 14‑ft unobstructed horizontal clearance and 13 ft 6 in vertical clearance (per § 403.1.2(c)).
Turnaround: Because the driveway exceeds 300 feet, provide a turnaround within 50 feet of the building (CWUIC requires turnarounds on driveways over 300 ft); ensure the turnaround meets the minimum turning radius described in the Code (minimum 40‑ft radius). (See CWUIC Section 403 provisions on turnarounds/driveways.)
Signage & marking: Ensure the driveway access and any limitations are signed so the address can be found from the public way; if the address cannot be seen from the public way, add an unobstructed sign at the road per § 403.2.5. Also maintain the driveway free of obstructions so fire apparatus are not impeded (see CWUIC cross‑references and CFC § 503.3–503.4 for no‑parking/fire‑lane guidance).

Result: With these steps the property will comply with the CWUIC addressing rules and the access requirements relevant to a long private driveway.

Related provisions (CWUIC)

§ 403.2.4 — Addresses for Buildings (address issuance; reflectorization; CFC sizing reference).
§ 403.2.5 — Address installation, location and visibility (permanent posting; visibility from public way).
§ 403.2.2 — Road sign letter size and reflectorization (minimum 4‑inch letters).
§ 403.2.3 — Road sign installation & visibility (100‑ft visibility requirement).
§ 403.1.2 — Road and driveway widths and clearances (two 10‑ft lanes; driveway 10‑ft lane; 14‑ft horizontal clearance; 13'6" vertical).
§ 403.1.7 — Turnout size (12×30 ft) and tapers.
§ 404.8 — Identification of hydrants, water sources and related markings (CWUIC water supply marking rules).
§ 402.3 — Existing conditions: directs existing buildings/roads to be provided with address markers/markings per §§ 403.2.4, 403.2.5, 403.4, 404.8.

Note: The explicit text of § 403.4 (marking of roads) was not present in the uploaded CWUIC excerpts I searched; the CWUIC refers to § 403.4 for marking requirements (see § 402.3), so please review the adopted CWUIC text or ask me to retrieve § 403.4 specifically if you want the exact CWUIC wording.

Code references

Grounded in the retrieved California Wildland-Urban Interface Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

CWUIC § 403.1.8 High relevance — show source text
403.1.8 Road and Driveway Structures. (a) Appropriate signing, including but not limited to weight or vertical clearance limitations, one-way road or single traffic lane conditions, shall reflect the capability of each bridge. (b) Where a bridge or an elevated surface is part of a Fire Apparatus access road, the bridge shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with the American Association of State and Highway Transportation Officials Standard Specifications for High- way Bridges, 17 [th] Edition, published 2002 (known as AASHTO HB-17), hereby incorporated by reference. Bridges and elevated surfaces shall be designed for a live load sufficient to carry the imposed loads of fire apparatus. Vehicle load limits shall be posted at both entrances to bridges when required by the local authority having jurisdiction. (c) Where elevated surfaces designed for emergency vehicle use are adjacent to surfaces which are not designed for such use, barriers or signs, or both, as approved by the local authority having jurisdiction, shall be installed and maintained.

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(d) A bridge with only one traffic lane may be authorized by the Local Jurisdiction; however, it shall provide for unobstructed visi- bility from one end to the other and turnouts at both ends.

[CCR, Title 14 §1273.07]

403.1.9 Dead-end Roads.

(a) The maximum length of a Dead-end Road, including all Dead-end Roads accessed from that Dead-end Road, shall not exceed the following cumulative lengths, regardless of the number of parcels served:

Parcels zoned for less than one acre – 800 feet (262 m)

Parcels zoned for 1 acre to 4.99 acres – 1,320 feet (433 m)

Parcels zoned for 5 acres to 19.99 acres – 2,640 feet (866 m)

Parcels zoned for 20 acres or larger – 5,280 feet (1732 m) All lengths shall be measured from the edge of the road surface at the intersection that begins the road to the end of the road surface at its farthest point. Where a Dead-end Road crosses areas of differing zoned parcel sizes requiring different length limits, the shortest allowable length shall apply. (b) See Section 403.1.5 for Dead-end Road turnaround requirements.

[CCR, Title 14 §1273.08]

403.1.10 Gate entrances.

(a) Gate entrances shall be at least two (2) feet wider than the width of the traffic lane(s) serving that gate and a minimum width of fourteen (14) feet unobstructed horizontal clearance and unobstructed vertical clearance of thirteen feet, six inches (13' 6”). (b) All gates providing access from a road to a driveway shall be located at least thirty (30) feet from the roadway and shall open to allow a vehicle to stop without obstructing traffic on that Road. (c) Where a one-way road with a single traffic lane provides access to a gated entrance, a forty-foot turning radius shall be used. (d) Security gates shall not be installed without approval. Where security gates are installed, they shall have an approved means _of emergency operation. Approval shall be by the local authority having jurisdiction.
CWUIC § 402.3 High relevance — show source text
402.3 Existing conditions. Existing buildings shall be provided with address markers in accordance with Sections 403.2.4 and 403.2.5 . Existing roads and fire protection equipment shall be provided with markings in accordance with Sections 403.4 and 404.8, respectively.

SECTION 403—ACCESS

USER NOTE: The standards in Section 403 applicable to roads shall not apply to roads used solely for agriculture; mining; or the management of timberland or harvesting of forest products. [CCR, Title 14 §1270.03(d)]

403.1 General. Roads and driveways, whether public or private, unless exempted under 14 CCR § 1270.03(d), shall provide for safe access for emergency wildfire equipment and civilian evacuation concurrently, and shall provide unobstructed traffic circulation during a wildfire emergency consistent 403.1.1 to 403.1.9. [CCR, Title 14 §1273.00]

403.1.1 Section 403 definitions. When used in Section 403, the term listed below shall be defined as follows:

DEFENSIBLE SPACE. The area within the perimeter of a parcel, development, neighborhood or community where basic wildland fire protection practices and measures are implemented to defend against encroaching wildfire or to escape structure fires. The perimeter as used in this regulation [CCR Title 14] is the area encompassing the parcel or parcels proposed for construction and/or development, excluding the physical structure itself. The area is characterized by the establishment and maintenance of emer- gency vehicle access, emergency water reserves, road names and identification, and fuel modification measures. [CCR Title 14 §1270.01(f)]

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403.1.2 Width.

(a) All Roads shall be constructed to provide a minimum of two ten-foot traffic lanes, not including shoulder and striping. These traffic lanes shall provide for two-way traffic flow to support emergency vehicle and civilian egress, unless other standards are provided in this article or additional requirements are mandated by local jurisdictions or local subdivision requirements. Verti- cal clearances shall conform to the requirements in California Vehicle Code Section 35250. (b) All one-way roads shall be constructed to provide a minimum of one twelve-foot traffic lane, not including Shoulders. The Local Jurisdiction may approve One-way Roads. (1) All one-way roads shall, at both ends, connect to a road with two traffic lanes providing for travel in different directions, and shall provide access to an area currently zoned for not more than ten (10) Residential Units. (2) In no case shall a One-way Road exceed 2,640 feet in length. A turnout shall be placed and constructed at approximately the midpoint of each One-way Road. (c) All Driveways shall be constructed to provide a minimum of one (1) ten-foot traffic lane, fourteen (14) feet unobstructed hori- zontal clearance, and unobstructed vertical clearance of thirteen feet, six inches (13' 6”).

[CCR, Title 14 §1273.01]

403.1.3 Road surfaces.
CWUIC § 1273.09 High relevance — show source text
Where security gates are installed, they shall have an approved means_ of emergency operation. Approval shall be by the local authority having jurisdiction. The security gates and the emergency operation shall be maintained operational at all times.

[CCR, Title 14 §1273.09]

403.2 Signing and building numbering.

403.2.1 Intent. To facilitate locating a fire and to avoid delays in response, all newly constructed or approved Roads and Buildings shall be designated by names or numbers posted on signs clearly visible and legible from the Road. This section shall not restrict the size of letters or numbers appearing on road signs for other purposes. [CCR, Title 14 §1274.00]

403.2.2 Road signs. (a) Newly constructed or approved Roads must be identified by a name or number through a consistent system that provides for sequenced or patterned numbering and/or nonduplicative naming within each Local Jurisdiction. This section does not require any entity to rename or renumber existing roads, nor shall a Road providing access only to a single commercial or industrial Occupancy require naming or numbering. (b) The size of letters, numbers and symbols for Road signs shall be a minimum four-inch letter height, half-inch stroke, reflector- ized, contrasting with the background color of the sign.

[CCR, Title 14 §1274.01]

403.2.3 Road sign installation, location, and visibility. (a) Road signs shall be visible and legible from both directions of vehicle travel for a distance of at least one hundred (100) feet. (b) Signs required by this article identifying intersecting Roads shall be placed at the intersection of those Roads. (c) A sign identifying traffic access or flow limitations, including but not limited to weight or vertical clearance limitations, dead- end roads, one-way roads, or single lane conditions, shall be placed: (1) at the intersection preceding the traffic access limitation, and (2) not more than one hundred (100) feet before such traffic access limitation. (d) Road signs required by this article shall be posted at the beginning of construction and shall be maintained thereafter.

[CCR, Title 14 §1274.02]

403.2.4 Addresses for Buildings. (a) All Buildings shall be issued an address by the Local Jurisdiction which conforms to that jurisdiction's overall address system. Utility and miscellaneous Group U Buildings are not required to have a separate address; however, each Residential Unit within a Building shall be separately identified. (b) The size of letters, numbers and symbols for addresses shall conform to the standards in the California Fire Code, California Code of Regulations Title 24, Part 9. (c) Addresses for residential Buildings shall be reflectorized.

[CCR, Title 14 §1274.03]

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403.2.5 Address installation, location and visibility. (a) All buildings shall have a permanently posted address which shall be plainly legible and visible from the Road fronting the property. (b) Where access is by means of a private Road and the address identification cannot be viewed from the public way, an unob- _structed sign or other means shall be used so that the address is visible from the public way.
CWUIC § 1273.05 High relevance — show source text
If a hammerhead/T is used instead, the top of the “T” shall be a minimum of sixty (60) feet in_ length. (c) Driveways exceeding 150 feet in length, but less than 800 feet in length, shall provide a turnout near the midpoint of the drive- way. Where the driveway exceeds 800 feet, turnouts shall be provided not more than 400 feet apart. (d) A turnaround shall be provided on driveways over 300 feet in length and shall be within fifty (50) feet of the building. (e) Each dead-end road shall have a turnaround constructed at its terminus. Where parcels are zoned five (5) acres or larger, turn- arounds shall be provided at a maximum of 1,320-foot intervals. (f) Figure A. Turnarounds on roads with two ten-foot traffic lanes. (g) Figure B. Turnarounds on driveways with one ten-foot traffic lane.

[CCR, Title 14 §1273.05]

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FIGURE A—TURNAROUND WITH TWO 10-FOOT TRAFFIC LANES

FIGURE B—TURNAROUND WITH ONE 10-FOOT TRAFFIC LANE

403.1.7 Turnouts. Turnouts shall be a minimum of twelve (12) feet wide and thirty (30) feet long with a minimum twenty-five-foot taper on each end. [CCR, Title 14 §1273.06]

403.1.8 Road and Driveway Structures. (a) Appropriate signing, including but not limited to weight or vertical clearance limitations, one-way road or single traffic lane conditions, shall reflect the capability of each bridge. (b) Where a bridge or an elevated surface is part of a Fire Apparatus access road, the bridge shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with the American Association of State and Highway Transportation Officials Standard Specifications for High- way Bridges, 17 [th] Edition, published 2002 (known as AASHTO HB-17), hereby incorporated by reference. Bridges and elevated surfaces shall be designed for a live load sufficient to carry the imposed loads of fire apparatus. Vehicle load limits shall be posted at both entrances to bridges when required by the local authority having jurisdiction. (c) Where elevated surfaces designed for emergency vehicle use are adjacent to surfaces which are not designed for such use, barriers or signs, or both, as approved by the local authority having jurisdiction, shall be installed and maintained.

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(d) A bridge with only one traffic lane may be authorized by the Local Jurisdiction; however, it shall provide for unobstructed visi- bility from one end to the other and turnouts at both ends.

[CCR, Title 14 §1273.07]

403.1.9 Dead-end Roads.
CWUIC § 4-3 High relevance — show source text
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403.1.2 Width.

(a) All Roads shall be constructed to provide a minimum of two ten-foot traffic lanes, not including shoulder and striping. These traffic lanes shall provide for two-way traffic flow to support emergency vehicle and civilian egress, unless other standards are provided in this article or additional requirements are mandated by local jurisdictions or local subdivision requirements. Verti- cal clearances shall conform to the requirements in California Vehicle Code Section 35250. (b) All one-way roads shall be constructed to provide a minimum of one twelve-foot traffic lane, not including Shoulders. The Local Jurisdiction may approve One-way Roads. (1) All one-way roads shall, at both ends, connect to a road with two traffic lanes providing for travel in different directions, and shall provide access to an area currently zoned for not more than ten (10) Residential Units. (2) In no case shall a One-way Road exceed 2,640 feet in length. A turnout shall be placed and constructed at approximately the midpoint of each One-way Road. (c) All Driveways shall be constructed to provide a minimum of one (1) ten-foot traffic lane, fourteen (14) feet unobstructed hori- zontal clearance, and unobstructed vertical clearance of thirteen feet, six inches (13' 6”).

[CCR, Title 14 §1273.01]

403.1.3 Road surfaces.

(a) Roads shall be designed and maintained to support the imposed load of fire apparatus weighing at least 75,000 pounds and provide an aggregate base. (b) Road and driveway structures shall be designed and maintained to support at least 40,000 pounds. (c) Project proponent shall provide engineering specifications to support design, if requested by the local jurisdiction.

[CCR, Title 14 §1273.02]

403.1.4 Grades.

(a) At no point shall the grade for all roads and driveways exceed 16 percent. (b) The grade may exceed 16 percent, not to exceed 20 percent, with approval from the local jurisdiction and with mitigations to provide for same practical effect.

[CCR, Title 14 §1273.03]

403.1.5 Radius.

(a) No road or road structure shall have a minimum horizontal inside radius of curvature of fifty (50) feet. An additional surface width of four (4) feet shall be added to curves of 50–100 feet radius; two (2) feet to those from 100–200 feet. (b) The length of vertical curves in roadways, exclusive of gutters, ditches and drainage structures designed to hold or divert water, shall be not less than one hundred (100) feet.

[CCR, Title 14 §1273.04]

403.1.6 Turnarounds.

(a) Turnarounds are required on driveways and dead-end roads. (b) The minimum turning radius for a turnaround shall be forty (40) feet, not including parking, in accordance with the figures in 14 _CCR §§ 1273.05(e) and 1273.05(f).
CWUIC § 1273.10 High relevance — show source text
1273.10 Road and driveway structures. (a) Appropriate signing, including but not limited to weight or vertical clearance limitations, one-way road or single traffic lane conditions, shall reflect the capability of each bridge. (b) Where a bridge or an elevated surface is part of a fire apparatus access road, the bridge shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with the American Association of State and Highway Transportation Officials Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 17th Edition, published 2002 (known as AASHTO HB-17), hereby incorporated by reference. Bridges and elevated surfaces shall be designed for a live load sufficient to carry the imposed loads of fire apparatus. Vehicle load limits shall be posted at both entrances to bridges when required by the local authority having jurisdiction. (c) Where elevated surfaces designed for emergency vehicle use are adjacent to surfaces which are not designed for such use, barriers, or signs, or both, as approved by the local authority having jurisdiction, shall be installed, and maintained. (d) A bridge with only one traffic lane may be authorized by the local jurisdiction; however, it shall provide for unobstructed visibil- ity from one end to the other and turnouts at both ends.

Note: Authority cited: Section 4290, Public Resources Code. Reference: Sections 4290 and 4291, Public Resources Code.

Article 3 Signing and Building Numbering

1274.00. Intent. To facilitate locating a fire and to avoid delays in response, all newly constructed or approved Roads and Buildings shall be designated by names or numbers posted on signs clearly visible and legible from the Road. This section shall not restrict the size of letters or numbers appearing on road signs for other purposes.

1274.01 Road signs. (a) Newly constructed or approved Roads must be identified by a name or number through a consistent system that provides for sequenced or patterned numbering and/or non-duplicative naming within each Local Jurisdiction. This section does not require any entity to rename or renumber existing roads, nor shall a Road providing access only to a single commercial or industrial Occupancy require naming or numbering. (b) The size of letters, numbers, and symbols for Road signs shall be a minimum four (4) inch letter height, half inch (.5) inch stroke, reflectorized, contrasting with the background color of the sign.

1274.02 Road sign installation, location, and visibility. (a) Road signs shall be visible and legible from both directions of vehicle travel for a distance of at least one hundred (100) feet. (b) Signs required by this article identifying intersecting Roads shall be placed at the intersection of those Roads. (c) A sign identifying traffic access or flow limitations, including but not limited to weight or vertical clearance limitations, dead- end roads, one-way roads, or single lane conditions, shall be placed: (1) at the intersection preceding the traffic access limitation, and (2) no more than one hundred (100) feet before such traffic access limitation. (d) Road signs required by this article shall be posted at the beginning of construction and shall be maintained thereafter.
CWUIC § 4-1 High relevance — show source text
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4 WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE AREA REQUIREMENTS

User notes:

About this chapter: Chapter 4 provides requirements that apply to all occupancies in the wildland-urban interface and pertain to all of the following:
1. Fire service access to the property that is to be protected, including fire apparatus access roads and off-road driveways.
2. Premises identification.
3. Key boxes to provide ready access to properties secured by gated roadways or other impediments to rapid fire service access.
4. Fire protection water supplies, including adequate water sources, pumper apparatus drafting sites, fire hydrant systems and system reliability.
5. Fire department access to equipment such as fire suppression equipment and fire hydrants.
SECTION 401—GENERAL

401.1 Scope. Wildland-urban interface areas shall be provided with emergency vehicle access and water supply in accordance with this chapter.

401.2 Objective. The objective of this chapter is to establish the minimum requirements for emergency vehicle access and water supply for buildings and structures located in the wildland-urban interface areas.

401.3 General safety precautions. General safety precautions shall be in accordance with this chapter. See also Appendix A.

SECTION 402—APPLICABILITY

402.1 Subdivisions. Subdivisions shall comply with Sections 402.1.1 and 402.1.2.

402.1.1 Access. New subdivisions, as determined by this jurisdiction, shall be provided with fire apparatus access roads in accordance with the California Fire Code; the California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 2, Article 2; and access requirements in accordance with Section 403.

402.1.2 Water supply. New subdivisions as determined by this jurisdiction shall be provided with water supply in accordance with Section 507 of the California Fire Code; California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 2, Article 4; and Section 404.

402.1.2.1 Parcel map approval. Water supply requirements shall apply in the tentative and parcel map process when new parcels are approved by the local jurisdiction.

402.2 Individual structures. Individual structures shall comply with Sections 402.2.1 and 402.2.2.

402.2.1 Access. Individual structures hereafter constructed or relocated into or within wildland-urban interface areas shall be provided with fire apparatus access in accordance with the California Fire Code; the California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 2, Subsection 1273; and Section 403 .

402.2.2 Water supply. Individual structures hereafter constructed or relocated into or within wildland-urban interface areas shall be provided with a conforming water supply in accordance with the California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 2, Article 4; California Fire Code Section 507; and Section 404.
CWUIC § 402.1.1 High relevance — show source text
402.1.1 Access. New subdivisions, as determined by this jurisdiction, shall be provided with fire apparatus access roads in accordance with the California Fire Code; the California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 2, Article 2; and access requirements in accordance with Section 403.

402.1.2 Water supply. New subdivisions as determined by this jurisdiction shall be provided with water supply in accordance with Section 507 of the California Fire Code; California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 2, Article 4; and Section 404.

402.1.2.1 Parcel map approval. Water supply requirements shall apply in the tentative and parcel map process when new parcels are approved by the local jurisdiction.

402.2 Individual structures. Individual structures shall comply with Sections 402.2.1 and 402.2.2.

402.2.1 Access. Individual structures hereafter constructed or relocated into or within wildland-urban interface areas shall be provided with fire apparatus access in accordance with the California Fire Code; the California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 2, Subsection 1273; and Section 403 .

402.2.2 Water supply. Individual structures hereafter constructed or relocated into or within wildland-urban interface areas shall be provided with a conforming water supply in accordance with the California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 2, Article 4; California Fire Code Section 507; and Section 404.

402.3 Existing conditions. Existing buildings shall be provided with address markers in accordance with Sections 403.2.4 and 403.2.5 . Existing roads and fire protection equipment shall be provided with markings in accordance with Sections 403.4 and 404.8, respectively.

SECTION 403—ACCESS

USER NOTE: The standards in Section 403 applicable to roads shall not apply to roads used solely for agriculture; mining; or the management of timberland or harvesting of forest products. [CCR, Title 14 §1270.03(d)]

403.1 General. Roads and driveways, whether public or private, unless exempted under 14 CCR § 1270.03(d), shall provide for safe access for emergency wildfire equipment and civilian evacuation concurrently, and shall provide unobstructed traffic circulation during a wildfire emergency consistent 403.1.1 to 403.1.9. [CCR, Title 14 §1273.00]

403.1.1 Section 403 definitions. When used in Section 403, the term listed below shall be defined as follows:

DEFENSIBLE SPACE. The area within the perimeter of a parcel, development, neighborhood or community where basic wildland fire protection practices and measures are implemented to defend against encroaching wildfire or to escape structure fires. The perimeter as used in this regulation [CCR Title 14] is the area encompassing the parcel or parcels proposed for construction and/or development, excluding the physical structure itself. The area is characterized by the establishment and maintenance of emer- gency vehicle access, emergency water reserves, road names and identification, and fuel modification measures. [CCR Title 14 §1270.01(f)]
CWUIC § 3.05 High relevance — show source text
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.05(a)] Fire Department Access and Egress. (Roads)

(a) Roads. Required access roads from every building to a public street shall be all-weather hard-surfaced (suitable for use by fire apparatus) right-of-way not less than 20 feet in width. Such right-of-way shall be unobstructed and maintained only as access to the public street.

Exception: The enforcing agency may waive or modify this requirement if in his opinion such all-weather hard-surfaced condition is not necessary in the interest of public safety and welfare.

503.2.1 Dimensions. Fire apparatus access roads shall have an unobstructed width of not less than 20 feet (6096 mm), exclusive of shoulders, except for approved security gates in accordance with Section 503.6, and an unobstructed vertical clearance of not less than 13 feet 6 inches (4115 mm).

503.2.2 Authority. The fire code official shall have the authority to require or permit modifications to the required access widths where they are inadequate for fire or rescue operations or where necessary to meet the public safety objectives of the jurisdiction.

503.2.3 Surface. Fire apparatus access roads shall be designed and maintained to support the imposed loads of fire apparatus and shall be surfaced so as to provide all-weather driving capabilities.

503.2.4 Turning radius. The required turning radius of a fire apparatus access road shall be determined by the fire code official.

503.2.5 Dead ends. Dead-end fire apparatus access roads in excess of 150 feet (45 720 mm) in length shall be provided with an approved area for turning around fire apparatus.

503.2.6 Bridges and elevated surfaces. Where a bridge or an elevated surface is part of a fire apparatus access road, the bridge shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with AASHTO HB-17. Bridges and elevated surfaces shall be designed for a live load sufficient to carry the imposed loads of fire apparatus. Vehicle load limits shall be posted at both entrances to bridges where required by the fire code official. Where elevated surfaces designed for emergency vehicle use are adjacent to surfaces that are not designed for such use, approved barriers, approved signs or both shall be installed and maintained where required by the fire code official.

503.2.7 Grade. The grade of the fire apparatus access road shall be within the limits established by the fire code official based on the fire department’s apparatus.

503.2.8 Angles of approach and departure. The angles of approach and departure for fire apparatus access roads shall be within the limits established by the fire code official based on the fire department’s apparatus.

503.3 Marking. Where required by the fire code official, approved signs or other approved notices or markings that include the words “NO PARKING—FIRE LANE” shall be provided for fire apparatus access roads to identify such roads or prohibit the obstruction thereof. The means by which fire lanes are designated shall be maintained in a clean and legible condition at all times and be replaced or repaired when necessary to provide adequate visibility.

503.4 Obstruction of fire apparatus access roads. Fire apparatus access roads shall not be obstructed in any manner, including the parking of vehicles. The minimum widths and clearances established in Sections 503.2.1 and 503.2.2 shall be maintained at all times.

503.4.1 Traffic calming devices. Traffic calming devices shall be prohibited unless approved by the fire code official.
CWUIC § 1274.02 High relevance — show source text
[CCR, Title 14 §1274.02]

403.2.4 Addresses for Buildings. (a) All Buildings shall be issued an address by the Local Jurisdiction which conforms to that jurisdiction's overall address system. Utility and miscellaneous Group U Buildings are not required to have a separate address; however, each Residential Unit within a Building shall be separately identified. (b) The size of letters, numbers and symbols for addresses shall conform to the standards in the California Fire Code, California Code of Regulations Title 24, Part 9. (c) Addresses for residential Buildings shall be reflectorized.

[CCR, Title 14 §1274.03]

4-6 2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE AREA REQUIREMENTS

403.2.5 Address installation, location and visibility. (a) All buildings shall have a permanently posted address which shall be plainly legible and visible from the Road fronting the property. (b) Where access is by means of a private Road and the address identification cannot be viewed from the public way, an unob- structed sign or other means shall be used so that the address is visible from the public way. (c) Address signs along one-way Roads shall be visible from both directions. (d) Where multiple addresses are required at a single driveway, they shall be mounted on a single sign or post. (e) Where a Road provides access solely to a single commercial or industrial business, the address sign shall be placed at the near- est Road intersection providing access to that site, or otherwise posted to provide for unobstructed visibility from that intersection.

(f) In all cases, the address shall be posted at the beginning of construction and shall be maintained thereafter.

[CCR, Title 14 §1274.04]

SECTION 404—WATER SUPPLY

404.1 General. An approved water source shall have an adequate water supply for the use of the fire protection service to protect buildings and structures from exterior fire sources or to suppress structure fires within the wildland-urban interface area of the jurisdiction in accordance with this section.

404.2 Required water supply. An approved water supply capable of supplying the required fire flow for structural fire protection and wildland fire exposure shall be provided to the premises on which facilities, buildings or portions of buildings are hereafter constructed or moved into or within the jurisdiction in accordance with Section 507 of the California Fire Code.

404.3 Draft sites. Approved draft sites shall be provided at natural water sources intended for use as fire protection for compliance with this code. The design, construction, location, access and access maintenance of draft sites shall be approved by the code official.

404.3.1 Access. The draft site shall have emergency vehicle access from an access road in accordance with Section 403.

404.3.2 Pumper access points. The pumper access point shall be either an emergency vehicle access area alongside a conforming access road or an approved driveway not longer than 150 feet (45 720 mm). Pumper access points and access driveways shall be designed and constructed in accordance with all codes and ordinances enforced by this jurisdiction. Pumper access points shall not require the pumper apparatus to obstruct a road or driveway.
CWUIC § 1-21 Medium relevance — show source text
107 Temporary Uses, Equipment and Systems . . . . . . 1-21

108 Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21

109 Inspection and Enforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22

110 Certificate of Completion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24

111 Service Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24

112 Means of Appeals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24

113 Stop Work Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-25

CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

201 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3

202 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3

CHAPTER 3 WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE AREAS . . . . 3-3

301 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3

302 Wildland-Urban Interface Area Designations . . . . . .3-3

CHAPTER 4 WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE AREA

REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

401 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3

402 Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3

403 Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3

404 Water Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-7

CHAPTER 5 SPECIAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

REGULATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

501 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3
CWUIC § 4.9 Medium relevance — show source text
5)|A2L|650|4.9|26.9| |R-456A|zeotrope|R-32/134a/1234ze(E) (6.0/45.0/49.0)|A1|900|20|––| |R-457A|zeotrope|R-32/1234yf/152a (18.0/70.0/12.0)|A2L|650|3.4|13.5| |R-457B|zeotrope|R-32/1234yf/152a (35.0/55.0/10.0)|A2L|730|3.7|14.9| |R-458A|zeotrope|R-32/125/134a/227ea/236fa
(20.5/4.0/61.4/13.5/0.6)|A1|1000|18|––| |R-459A|zeotrope|R-32/1234yf/1234ze(E)
(68.0/26.0/6.0)|A2L|870|4.3|17.4| |R-459B|zeotrope|R-32/1234yf/1234ze(E)
(21.0/69.0/10.0)|A2L|640|5.8|23.3| |R-460A|zeotrope|R-32/125/134a/1234ze(E)
(12.0/52.0/14.0/22.0)|A1|950|24|––| |R-460B|zeotrope|R-32/125/134a/1234ze(E)
(28.0/25.0/20.0/27.0)|A1|950|25|––| |R-460C|zeotrope|R-32/125/134a/1234ze(E)
(2.5/2.5/46.0/49.0)|A1|900|20|––| |R-461A|zeotrope|R-125/143a/134a/227ea/600a
(55.0/5.0/32.0/5.0/3.0)|A1|1000|17|––| |R-462A|zeotrope|R-32/125/143a/134a/600
(9.0/42.0/2.0/44.0/3.0)|A2|1000|3.9|16.69| |R-463A|zeotrope|R-744/32/125/1234yf/134a
(6.0/36.0/30.0/14.0/14.0)|A1|990|19|––| |R-464A|zeotrope|R-32/125/1234ze(E)/227ea
(27.0/27.0/40.0/6.0)|A1|930|27|––| |R-465A|zeotrope|R-32/290/1234yf
(21.0/7.9/71.1)|A2|660|2.5|10.0| |R-466A|zeotrope|R-32/125/13I1 (49.0/11.5/39.5)|A1|860|6.2|––| |R-467A|zeotrope|R-32/125/134a/600a (22.0/5.0/72.
CWUIC § 1274.04 High relevance — show source text
or otherwise posted to provide for unobstructed visibility from that_ intersection.

(f) In all cases, the address shall be posted at the beginning of construction and shall be maintained thereafter.

[CCR, Title 14 §1274.04]

SECTION 404—WATER SUPPLY

404.1 General. An approved water source shall have an adequate water supply for the use of the fire protection service to protect buildings and structures from exterior fire sources or to suppress structure fires within the wildland-urban interface area of the jurisdiction in accordance with this section.

404.2 Required water supply. An approved water supply capable of supplying the required fire flow for structural fire protection and wildland fire exposure shall be provided to the premises on which facilities, buildings or portions of buildings are hereafter constructed or moved into or within the jurisdiction in accordance with Section 507 of the California Fire Code.

404.3 Draft sites. Approved draft sites shall be provided at natural water sources intended for use as fire protection for compliance with this code. The design, construction, location, access and access maintenance of draft sites shall be approved by the code official.

404.3.1 Access. The draft site shall have emergency vehicle access from an access road in accordance with Section 403.

404.3.2 Pumper access points. The pumper access point shall be either an emergency vehicle access area alongside a conforming access road or an approved driveway not longer than 150 feet (45 720 mm). Pumper access points and access driveways shall be designed and constructed in accordance with all codes and ordinances enforced by this jurisdiction. Pumper access points shall not require the pumper apparatus to obstruct a road or driveway.

404.4 Hydrants. Hydrants shall be designed and constructed in accordance with nationally recognized standards. The location and access shall be approved by the code official. The number and spacing of fire hydrants shall be in accordance with Appendix C or CC of the California Fire Code, as applicable.

404.5 Adequate water supply. Fire-flow requirements shall be determined in accordance with Appendix B or BB of the California Fire Code, as applicable.

404.6 Reserved.

404.7 Obstructions. Access to water sources required by this code shall be unobstructed at all times. The fire department shall not be deterred or hindered from gaining immediate access to water source equipment, fire protection equipment or hydrants.

404.8 Identification. Water sources, draft sites, hydrants and fire protection equipment and hydrants shall be clearly identified in a manner approved by the code official to identify location and to prevent obstruction by parking and other obstructions. Each fire hydrant and access to a water supply shall be identified in accordance with one of the following: 1. Where located along a driveway, a reflectorized blue marker with a minimum dimension of 3 inches (73 mm) shall be located on the driveway address sign and mounted on a fire-retardant post. 2. Where located along an access road: 2.2. A reflectorized blue marker with a minimum dimension of 3 inches (73 mm) shall be mounted on a fire-retardant post. The signpost shall be within 3 feet (914 mm) of said fire hydrant with the sign not less than 3 feet (914 mm) nor greater than 5 feet (1524 mm) above ground, in a horizontal position and visible from the driveway. _2.3.

CWUIC § 3.1 Medium relevance — show source text

10|23/4| |F/C-6-RC-25|6″|6″ deep (4800 psi) concrete deck;1/4″ rein-
forcement bars at 71/2″ pitch with7/8″
cover;3/8″ main reinforcement bars at
31/2″ pitch perpendicular with7/8″ cover;
13′1″ span restrained.|195
psf|4 hrs|||7|1, 7|4| |F/C-6-RC-26|6″|6″ (4650 psi) concrete deck;1/4″ reinforce-
ment bars at 71/2″ pitch with7/8″ cover;3/8″
main reinforcement bars at 31/2″ pitch
perpendicular with1/2″ cover; 13′1″ span
restrained.|195
psf|2 hrs
23 min|||7|1, 2|21/4| |F/C-6-RC-27|6″|6″ deep (6050 psi) concrete deck;1/4″ rein-
forcement bars at 71/2″ pitch with7/8″
cover;3/8″ reinforcement bars at 31/2″
pitch perpendicular with1/2″ cover; 13′1″
span restrained.|195
psf|3 hrs
30 min|||7|1, 10|31/2| |F/C-6-RC-28|6″|6″ deep (5180 psi) concrete deck;1/4″ rein-
forcement bars at 8″ pitch with3/4″ cover;
1/4″ reinforcement bars at 51/2″ pitch
perpendicular with1/2″ cover; 13′1″ span
restrained.|150
psf|4 hrs|||7|1, 7|4|

2025 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE RESOURCE A-93

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

RESOURCE A—GUIDELINES ON FIRE RATINGS OF ARCHAIC MATERIALS AND ASSEMBLIES

TABLE 3.1—continued FLOOR/CEILING ASSEMBLIES—REINFORCED CONCRETE	Col2	Col3	Col4	Col5	Col6	Col7	Col8	Col9	Col10
ITEM CODE	ASSEMBLY THICKNESS	CONSTRUCTION DETAILS	PERFORMANCE	PERFORMANCE	REFERENCE NUMBER	REFERENCE NUMBER	REFERENCE NUMBER	NOTES	REC. HOURS
ITEM CODE	ASSEMBLY THICKNESS	CONSTRUCTION DETAILS	LOAD	TIME	PRE-BMS-92	BMS-92	POST-BMS-92	POST-BMS-92	POST-BMS-92
F/C-6-RC-29	6″	6″ thick (4180 psi) concrete deck; 4″ × 3″ × 10 lbs R.S.J.; 2′6″ C.R.S.

CWUIC § 302.1 Medium relevance — show source text

2|Purpose|Y|||||||51176|4201| |302|Wildland-Urban
Interface Area
Designations|Y||||||||| |302.1|Mapping|Y|||4904.2||||51178|4202
4203(a)
4204| |302.2|Review of wildland-
urban interface areas|Y|||||||51181|4204| |Chapter 4|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements| |401|General|Y||||||||| |401.1|Scope|Y||||||||| |401.2|Objective|Y||||1273.00||||| |401.3|General safety
precautions|Y||||||||| |402|Applicability|Y|||||||||

APPENDIX H-26 2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

APPENDIX H—REFERENCED CALIFORNIA DOCUMENTS

2025 CWUIC—continued	Col2	Adopted Yes/No	IWUIC Section	CBC Section	CFC Section	Title 14, Division 1.5 Section	Title 19, Division 1 Section	Gov Code Section	PRC Section	HSC Section
Section	Title	Title	Title	Title	Title	Title	Title	Title	Title	Title
Chapter 4	Wildland-urban interface area requirements	Wildland-urban interface area requirements	Wildland-urban interface area requirements	Wildland-urban interface area requirements	Wildland-urban interface area requirements	Wildland-urban interface area requirements	Wildland-urban interface area requirements	Wildland-urban interface area requirements	Wildland-urban interface area requirements	Wildland-urban interface area requirements
402.1	Subdivisions	Y
402.1.1	Access	Y			503
402.1.2	Water supply	Y			507
402.1.2.1	Parcel map approval	Y						1275.01
402.2	Individual structures	Y			503 507
402.2.1	Access	Y			503
402.2.2	Water supply	Y			507
402.3	Existing conditions	N			505.1
403	Access	Y				1273
403.1	General	Y				1273.00
403.1.1	Section 403 definitions	Y				1270.01(f)
403.1.2	Width	Y				1273.01(a) 1273.

CWUIC § 403.2 Medium relevance — show source text
APPENDIX I-4 2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

Access Applicability 402 Driveways 403.2 Fire apparatus access roads 403.3 Grade 403.7

Individual structures 402.2 Marking of roads 402.3, 403.4 Restricted 403.1

Subdivisions 402.1 Accessory Buildings and Miscellaneous Structures

Defined 202

Detached 504.11 Exempt from permit 105.3 Additions or Alterations 101.5

Address Markers 402.3 Agriculture 202 Alternative Materials or Methods 104.2.2

Appeals 112 Appendices 101.2.1 Applicable Building 202 Applicability 102 Approved 202 Approved Agency 104.2.2.6.1, 202 Authority of Code Official 104

Building 202 Building Official 202

Certificate of Completion 111 Certificate of occupancy 111.2 Revocation 111.4

Temporary occupancy 111.3

Code Official 202 Code Official, Authority 104 Community Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Hazard Evaluation Framework Appendix C Compliance Alternatives 105 Construction Documents 106

Amended 106.10

Examination of 106.9 Information on plans and specifications 106.2 Phased 106.12

Previous approval 106.11 Retention of 106.8 Site plan 106.3 Vegetation management plans 106.4 Control of Storage Appendix A, A105 Critical Fire Weather 202

Dead-end Road 202 Defensible Space 403, 601.3 Vegetation Plan 603 Definitions 202 Designation of Wildland-Urban Interface Area 302.1

Director 202 Driveway 202 Dumping Appendix A, A106 Dwelling 202

Exterior Covering 202

INDEX

Fees 109 Findings of Fact Appendix E Fire Chief 202 Fire Danger Rating System Appendix D Fire Flow Calculation Area Application 404.5 Defined 202 Fire Hazard Severity Zones 1.1.2, 202, 302.1, 302.2, Appendix D, Appendix H Fire Protection Plans 602

Fire Weather 202

Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction 501.3 Fire-Resistive Vegetation Appendix F Fire-Retardant-Treated Lumber or

Wood 503.2, 504.5, 504.7, 504.11 Flame Spread Index 202 Flashing 504.2.1, 504.5.1 Fuel Break 202, 609 Fuel Models Appendix D Fuel Modification 202

Fuel Modification Distance 603.2

Fuel Mosaic 202 Fuel-Loading 202

General Requirements Appendix A Green Belt 202

Greenways 202
CWUIC § 1273.09 High relevance — show source text
Note: Authority cited: Section 4290, Public Resources Code. Reference: Sections 4290 and 4291, Public Resources Code.

1273.09 Gate Entrances.

(a) Gate entrances shall be at least two (2) feet wider than the width of the traffic lane(s) serving that gate and a minimum width of fourteen (14) feet unobstructed horizontal clearance and unobstructed vertical clearance of thirteen feet, six inches (13' 6”). (b) All gates providing access from a road to a driveway shall be located at least thirty (30) feet from the roadway and shall open to allow a vehicle to stop without obstructing traffic on that Road. (c) Where a one-way road with a single traffic lane provides access to a gated entrance, a forty (40) foot turning radius shall be used.

(d) Security gates shall not be installed without approval. Where security gates are installed, they shall have an approved means of emergency operation. Approval shall be by the local authority having jurisdiction. The security gates and the emergency operation shall be maintained operational at all times.

Note: Authority cited: Section 4290, Public Resources Code. Reference: Sections 4290 and 4291, Public Resources Code.

2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE APPENDIX H-13

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

APPENDIX H—REFERENCED CALIFORNIA DOCUMENTS

1273.10 Road and driveway structures. (a) Appropriate signing, including but not limited to weight or vertical clearance limitations, one-way road or single traffic lane conditions, shall reflect the capability of each bridge. (b) Where a bridge or an elevated surface is part of a fire apparatus access road, the bridge shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with the American Association of State and Highway Transportation Officials Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 17th Edition, published 2002 (known as AASHTO HB-17), hereby incorporated by reference. Bridges and elevated surfaces shall be designed for a live load sufficient to carry the imposed loads of fire apparatus. Vehicle load limits shall be posted at both entrances to bridges when required by the local authority having jurisdiction. (c) Where elevated surfaces designed for emergency vehicle use are adjacent to surfaces which are not designed for such use, barriers, or signs, or both, as approved by the local authority having jurisdiction, shall be installed, and maintained. (d) A bridge with only one traffic lane may be authorized by the local jurisdiction; however, it shall provide for unobstructed visibil- ity from one end to the other and turnouts at both ends.

Note: Authority cited: Section 4290, Public Resources Code. Reference: Sections 4290 and 4291, Public Resources Code.

Article 3 Signing and Building Numbering

1274.00. Intent. To facilitate locating a fire and to avoid delays in response, all newly constructed or approved Roads and Buildings shall be designated by names or numbers posted on signs clearly visible and legible from the Road. This section shall not restrict the size of letters or numbers appearing on road signs for other purposes.
CWUIC § 3-15 Medium relevance — show source text
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15 319 Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing). . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16 320 Battery Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17 321 Artificial Combustible Vegetation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19 322 Powered Micromobility Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19

323 Road Tunnels, Bridges and Other Limited Access Highways [SFM]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-20

CHAPTER 4 EMERGENCY PLANNING AND

PREPAREDNESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3

401 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

402 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

403 Emergency Preparedness Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 404 Fire Safety, Evacuation and Lockdown Plans . . . . . . 4-10 405 Emergency Evacuation Drills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13 406 Employee Training and Response Procedures. . . . . 4-15

407 Hazard Communication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15

CHAPTER 5 FIRE SERVICE FEATURES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3

501 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

502 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

503 Fire Apparatus Access Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3 504 Access to Building Openings and Roofs . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5 505 Premises Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
CWUIC § 4-3 Medium relevance — show source text
402 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

403 Emergency Preparedness Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 404 Fire Safety, Evacuation and Lockdown Plans . . . . . . 4-10 405 Emergency Evacuation Drills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13 406 Employee Training and Response Procedures. . . . . 4-15

407 Hazard Communication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15

CHAPTER 5 FIRE SERVICE FEATURES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3

501 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

502 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

503 Fire Apparatus Access Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3 504 Access to Building Openings and Roofs . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5 505 Premises Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5

506 Key Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5 507 Fire Protection Water Supplies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6 508 Fire Command Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7

509 Fire Protection and Utility Equipment Identification and Access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

510 Emergency Responder Communications Enhancement Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

CHAPTER 6 BUILDING SERVICES AND SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . .6-3

601 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

602 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
CWUIC § 403.11.3.1 Medium relevance — show source text
403.11.3.1 Number of crowd managers. Not fewer than two trained crowd managers, and not fewer than one trained crowd manager for each 250 persons or portion thereof, shall be provided for the gathering.

Exceptions:
1. Outdoor events with fewer than 1,000 persons in attendance shall not require crowd managers.
2. Assembly occupancies used exclusively for religious worship with an occupant load not exceeding 1,000 shall not require crowd managers.
3. The number of crowd managers shall be reduced where, in the opinion of the fire code official, the fire protection provided by the facility and the nature of the event warrant a reduction.
403.11.3.2 Training. Training for crowd managers shall be approved.

403.11.3.3 Duties. The duties of crowd managers shall include, but not be limited to:
1. Conduct an inspection of the area of responsibility and identify and address any egress barriers.
2. Conduct an inspection of the area of responsibility to identify and mitigate any fire hazards.
3. Verify compliance with all permit conditions, including those governing pyrotechnics and other special effects.
4. Direct and assist the event attendees in evacuation during an emergency.
5. Assist emergency response personnel where requested.
6. Other duties required by the fire code official.
7. Other duties as specified in the fire safety plan.
403.12 Organized camps. Group C occupancies shall comply with the requirements of Sections 403.12.1 through 403.12.3.

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EMERGENCY PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS

403.12.1 Staff training and evacuation plan. Every organized camp shall institute fire training programs for all employees in the use of all fire extinguishing equipment and methods of evacuation, and shall establish procedures which shall, as far as possible, be followed in the event of fire or any other emergency. If located in a forest area a plan shall be prepared for the evacuation of the camp in case of an approaching forest fire or other emergency.

403.12.2 Resident training. Within 24 hours after arrival, every group of persons attending an organized camp shall be made famil- iar with the method by which the fire alarm may be activated and with the procedures to be followed upon notification of fire.

403.12.3 Fire drills. At least 1 fire drill shall be held within 24 hours of the commencement of each camping session. Additional drills shall be conducted at least once each week thereafter. When sessions exceed a 7-day period, at least 1 drill shall be held during night- time sleeping hours.

[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.13(c)(1)] Fire Drills. (Organized Camps)

(c) Organized Camps. (1) Every organized camp shall institute fire training programs for all employees in the use of all fire extinguishing equip- ment and methods of evacuation, and shall establish procedures which shall, as far as possible, be followed in the event of fire or any other emergency. If located in a forest area a plan shall be prepared for the evacuation of the camp in case of an approaching forest fire or other emergency.

SECTION 404—FIRE SAFETY, EVACUATION AND LOCKDOWN PLANS
CWUIC § 11A-46 Medium relevance — show source text
2. The slopes of the planned finished grade measured between the entrance and all vehicular or pedestrian arrival points within 50 feet (15 240 mm) of the planned entrance also exceed 15 percent.

If there are no vehicular or pedestrian arrival points within 50 feet (15 240 mm) of the planned entrance, the slope for the purposes of Test No. 1 will be measured to the closest vehicular or pedestrian arrival point.

For purposes of these requirements, vehicular or pedestrian arrival points include public or resident parking areas, public trans- portation stops, passenger loading zones and public streets or sidewalks. To determine site impracticality, the slope would be measured at ground level from the point of the planned entrance on a straight line to (1) each vehicular or pedestrian arrival point that is within 50 feet (15 240 mm) of the planned entrance, or (2) if there are no vehicular or pedestrian arrival points within the speci- fied area, the vehicular or pedestrian arrival point closest to the planned entrance. In the case of sidewalks, the closest point to the entrance will be where a public sidewalk entering the site intersects with the walk to the entrance. In the case of resident parking areas, the closest point to the planned entrance will be measured from the entry point to the parking area that is located closest to the planned entrance.

TEST NO. 2—SITE ANALYSIS TEST

For a site having multiple buildings, or a site with a single building with multiple entrances, it is not required to provide an accessible route to all ground floor units under the following conditions:

1. Calculate the percentage of the total buildable area of the undisturbed site with a natural grade less than 10-percent slope. The analysis of the existing slope (before grading) shall be done on a topographic survey with 2-foot (610 mm) contour intervals

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HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

with slope determination made between each successive interval. The accuracy of the slope analysis shall be certified by a licensed engineer, landscape architect, architect or surveyor. 2. Determine the requirement of providing an accessible route to planned multifamily dwellings based on the topography of the existing natural terrain. The minimum percentage of ground floor units required on an accessible route shall equal the percent- age of the total buildable area (not restricted-use areas) of the undisturbed site with an existing natural grade of less than 10- percent slope. In no case shall less than 20 percent of the ground floor dwelling units be on an accessible route and comply with the provisions of Division IV. 3. In addition to the percentage established in paragraph (2), all additional ground floor units in a building or ground floor units served by a particular entrance, that fall within an 8.33-percent slope between their planned entrances and an arrival point shall be on an accessible route and comply with the provisions of Division IV. 4. All additional ground floor units in a building, or ground floor units served by a particular entrance, not on an accessible route shall comply with the features listed in Section 1150A.2.

TEST NO. 3—UNUSUAL CHARACTERISTICS TEST

Frequently asked questions

Who issues the address for my new house?

The Local Jurisdiction issues the official address; the CWUIC requires buildings be issued an address that conforms to the jurisdiction’s addressing system (§ 403.2.4).

Must my house numbers be reflective?

Yes — addresses for residential Buildings shall be reflectorized under § 403.2.4(c); the lettering size must conform to Title 24 Part 9 standards.

How far must road signs be visible?

Road signs required by the CWUIC must be visible and legible from both directions of travel for at least 100 feet (see § 403.2.3(a)).

Can I park in the fire lane in front of my property?

No — the California Fire Code (cross‑referenced by the CWUIC) requires that fire apparatus access roads not be obstructed; where required, signs such as “NO PARKING—FIRE LANE” must be posted and maintained (CFC § 503.3–503.4).

My driveway is private and very steep — do I still need to comply with widths and clearances?

Generally yes; Section 403 applies to public or private roads unless exempted. The Local Jurisdiction may approve modifications for site constraints, but you must work with the jurisdiction and the fire code official to document any approved alternatives. § 403.1 and the local authority rules apply.

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California Wildland-Urban Interface Code