CWUIC · California Wildland-Urban Interface Code
Key boxes and providing rapid fire department access on gated properties
If a gated road or locked opening slows firefighter entry in a Wildland‑Urban Interface area, the CWUIC empowers the local fire code official to require an approved key box so crews have rapid access. Coordinate gate hardware, key‑box type and placement with your fire department, keep keys current when locks change, and ensure addresses and pumper access meet CWUIC access rules.
Last reviewed: July 6, 2026
What the code requires — 2–4 sentences
The California Wildland‑Urban Interface Code establishes that wildland‑urban interface areas must provide emergency vehicle access and a conforming water supply (see § 401.1 and § 401.2). The chapter expressly includes key boxes as a tool to “provide ready access to properties secured by gated roadways or other impediments to rapid fire service access” and gives the fire code official authority to require them where access is restricted (§ 401 overview; § 403.1).
If a gate, locked barrier, or other impediment prevents rapid firefighter entry, the authority having jurisdiction can require an approved key box so crews can enter immediately.
Requirements in detail
Scope and purpose (what the CWUIC covers)
- The CWUIC Chapter 4 scope makes key boxes a Chapter 4 topic because they directly address impediments to rapid fire service access in WUI areas; Chapter 4 also governs fire apparatus access roads, premises identification, and water supply.
- The basic objective is public and firefighter safety by ensuring unobstructed access and resources for firefighting in WUI areas (see § 401.2).
When a key box may be required
- The fire code official is authorized to require a key box where access to or within a structure or area is restricted because of secured openings or where immediate access is necessary for life‑saving or firefighting purposes. This authority is the core trigger for key‑box installation in the CWUIC and the California Fire Code. See § 403.1 (access intent) and the Fire Code key‑box provision § 506.1 for the substantive requirement.
Who decides location, type and contents
- The local fire code official (authority having jurisdiction) approves the location, the approved type (listed in accordance with applicable standards), and the contents (e.g., keys or devices necessary to gain access). See § 403.1 and the Fire Code § 506.1.
Installation, maintenance and change control
- The building or property operator must maintain key‑box contents and immediately advise the fire code official and replace keys when locks are changed or rekeyed (maintenance rule in Fire Code § 506.2). The CWUIC requires that access and identification features (addresses, gates, access roads) be maintained.
Decision‑relevant dimensions and values
| Decision factor | Typical value / requirement | Code reference |
|---|---|---|
| When key box may be required | Where access is restricted by gated roadways or secured openings or where immediate access is necessary | CWUIC Chapter 4 overview; § 403.1 |
| Authority to require type and location | Fire code official decides approved type and placement; key box must be an approved type | Fire Code § 506.1 |
| Key box content | Keys/devices needed for entry (as required by fire code official) | Fire Code § 506.1 |
| Requirement to notify on rekeying | Operator must immediately notify the fire code official and provide new key | Fire Code § 506.2 |
| Pumper access / driveway length (related access limit) | 150 feet maximum pumper access driveway for draft sites (pumper access point not longer than 150 ft) | CWUIC § 404.3.2 |
| Gates protecting apparatus access roads — minimum single gate width | 20 feet (single gate) — see fire apparatus access gate criteria | California Fire Code Appendix D103.5 |
Notes:
- The CWUIC itself sets the access objective and authorizes the use of key boxes in Chapter 4; many implementation details (approved key‑box types, mounting, labeling, electric‑gate emergency opening devices) are covered in the California Fire Code and referenced standards — treat those as companion provisions.
How key boxes interact with gates and fire apparatus access
- The CWUIC requires unobstructed access for emergency wildfire equipment and civilian evacuation and makes gates subject to those access requirements (see § 403.1). Where gates secure a fire apparatus access road, the installation must be approved by the fire code official and provide an approved means of emergency operation (see related Fire Code Appendix D103.5).
Exceptions & special cases
- Roads used solely for agriculture, mining, or timberland management/harvesting are exempt from the standards in Section 403 (CWUIC note referencing Title 14 §1270.03(d)). That means key‑box and access rules in Section 403 typically do not apply to those roads.
- The CWUIC allows the fire code official latitude: the official can approve alternatives (for example, different gate opening methods or a different key‑box system) where justified. This administrative discretion is a common avenue for site‑specific solutions; see the authority language in § 403.1 and the CWUIC chapter intent.
- For elevator‑specific key boxes and other specialized key‑box uses, the California Fire Code sets separate mounting and labeling rules (e.g., elevator key box mounting height and labeling in § 506.1.2). Those are specialty exceptions and implementation details handled in the Fire Code.
Common mistakes
- Relying only on a homeowner’s gate code or remote‑opening system without installing an approved key box or providing firefighter access instructions to the AHJ. The CWUIC/Fire Code gives the fire code official authority to require a key box where access is restricted; don’t assume permissive access is sufficient.
- Failing to notify the fire department and update the key‑box contents immediately after a lock or key change (the operator is required to provide the new key). This is explicitly required in Fire Code § 506.2.
- Installing a security gate across a required fire apparatus access road without approval or without an approved emergency opening method; Appendix D103.5 (Fire Code) sets gate criteria that typically apply whenever gates secure fire apparatus access roads.
- Missing or obscured addresses and signage at gate locations or private roads. CWUIC addresses and visibility rules (e.g., § 403.2.4 and § 403.2.5) are aimed at ensuring responders can find the property quickly.
Worked example — gated driveway with a long private approach
Scenario: A homeowner builds a new residence in a WUI area at the end of a private driveway that is 1,200 feet long, secured by an electric gate at the property entrance. The driveway is the sole access and the house cannot be seen from the public road.
How the rules apply:
- The CWUIC requires emergency vehicle access in WUI areas (see § 401.1 and § 401.2). The long private driveway triggers the need to demonstrate approved fire apparatus access consistent with Section 403.
- Because the driveway is gated and is an impediment to rapid fire service access, the fire code official may require an approved key box to be installed at an approved location with keys or devices to open the gate and access the structure (Fire Code § 506.1). The owner must comply with the AHJ’s location and type selection.
- If a pumper is to draft or access a water source for the site, the pumper access point or driveway used for that purpose must be no longer than 150 feet as required for draft site pumper access (CWUIC § 404.3.2) — if the long driveway prevents meeting that, the AHJ will require alternative arrangements (on‑site water, nearer draft site, or approved turnout).
- The gate itself (electric) must have an approved emergency opening device or other fire department emergency operation method consistent with gate criteria the AHJ enforces (see Fire Code Appendix D103.5). The owner should coordinate with the AHJ to determine whether an approved key box, a Knox‑type rapid‑entry system, or an approved emergency operator is required.
Bottom line for the homeowner: expect to install an approved key box at the gate (or another AHJ‑approved rapid‑entry system), keep it current when locks change, and coordinate gate hardware and emergency opening methods with the local fire code official.
Related provisions
- CWUIC § 401.1, § 401.2 — Scope and objective of Chapter 4 (emergency access and water supply)
- CWUIC § 403.1 — General access requirements and definitions used in Section 403 (access for emergency wildfire equipment)
- CWUIC § 403.2.4 and § 403.2.5 — Address identification, installation and visibility (important for gated properties)
- CWUIC § 404.3.2 — Pumper access point dimensional limit (150 feet) for draft sites (related to where pumpers can operate)
- California Fire Code § 506.1 and § 506.2 — Key box authority, approved type, contents and maintenance/notification requirements (companion rules used in practice)
- California Fire Code Appendix D103.5 — Gate construction, width (20 feet single gate) and emergency opening device criteria for fire apparatus access roads (implementation guidance)
Code references
Grounded in the retrieved California Wildland-Urban Interface Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:
CWUIC § 4-1 High relevance — show source text
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User notes:
About this chapter: Chapter 4 provides requirements that apply to all occupancies in the wildland-urban interface and pertain to all of the following:
Fire service access to the property that is to be protected, including fire apparatus access roads and off-road driveways.
Premises identification.
Key boxes to provide ready access to properties secured by gated roadways or other impediments to rapid fire service access.
Fire protection water supplies, including adequate water sources, pumper apparatus drafting sites, fire hydrant systems and system reliability.
Fire department access to equipment such as fire suppression equipment and fire hydrants.
SECTION 401—GENERAL
401.1 Scope. Wildland-urban interface areas shall be provided with emergency vehicle access and water supply in accordance with this chapter.
401.2 Objective. The objective of this chapter is to establish the minimum requirements for emergency vehicle access and water supply for buildings and structures located in the wildland-urban interface areas.
401.3 General safety precautions. General safety precautions shall be in accordance with this chapter. See also Appendix A.
SECTION 402—APPLICABILITY
402.1 Subdivisions. Subdivisions shall comply with Sections 402.1.1 and 402.1.2.
402.1.1 Access. New subdivisions, as determined by this jurisdiction, shall be provided with fire apparatus access roads in accordance with the California Fire Code; the California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 2, Article 2; and access requirements in accordance with Section 403.
402.1.2 Water supply. New subdivisions as determined by this jurisdiction shall be provided with water supply in accordance with Section 507 of the California Fire Code; California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 2, Article 4; and Section 404.
402.1.2.1 Parcel map approval. Water supply requirements shall apply in the tentative and parcel map process when new parcels are approved by the local jurisdiction.
402.2 Individual structures. Individual structures shall comply with Sections 402.2.1 and 402.2.2.
402.2.1 Access. Individual structures hereafter constructed or relocated into or within wildland-urban interface areas shall be provided with fire apparatus access in accordance with the California Fire Code; the California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 2, Subsection 1273; and Section 403 .
402.2.2 Water supply. Individual structures hereafter constructed or relocated into or within wildland-urban interface areas shall be provided with a conforming water supply in accordance with the California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 2, Article 4; California Fire Code Section 507; and Section 404.
CWUIC § 402.1.1 High relevance — show source text
Title 19, Division 1]|||||||||||||||||||||||| |Chapter / Section|||||||||||||||||||||||| |402|||†||||||||||||||||||||| |402.1.1|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |402.1.2|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |402.1.2.1|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |402.2.1|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |402.2.2|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |402.3|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |404.1|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |404.2|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |404.4|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |404.5|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |404.6_Reserved_|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |404.7|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |404.8|||X|||||||||||||||||||||- The California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 19, Division 1 provisions that are found in the California Wildland-Urban Interface Code are a reprint from the current CCR, Title 19, Division 1 text for the code user’s convenience only. The scope, applicability and appeals procedures of CCR, Title 19, Division I remain the same. The state agency does not adopt sections identified by the following symbol: The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to Section 1.11.
The California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 14, Division 1.5 provisions that are found in the California Wildland-Urban Interface Code are not listed in the Matrix Adoption Tables as they are not within the State Fire Marshal’s authority to adopt. These provisions are a reprint from the current CCR, Title 14, Division 1.5 text for the code user’s convenience only and are identified in the body of the code by square brackets containing references to applicable Title 14 sections.
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User notes:
About this chapter: Chapter 4 provides requirements that apply to all occupancies in the wildland-urban interface and pertain to all of the following:
Fire service access to the property that is to be protected, including fire apparatus access roads and off-road driveways.
Premises identification.
Key boxes to provide ready access to properties secured by gated roadways or other impediments to rapid fire service access.
Fire protection water supplies, including adequate water sources, pumper apparatus drafting sites, fire hydrant systems and system reliability.
Fire department access to equipment such as fire suppression equipment and fire hydrants.
SECTION 401—GENERAL
401.1 Scope. Wildland-urban interface areas shall be provided with emergency vehicle access and water supply in accordance with this chapter.
401.2 Objective. The objective of this chapter is to establish the minimum requirements for emergency vehicle access and water supply for buildings and structures located in the wildland-urban interface areas.
CWUIC § 1-2 High relevance — show source text
CHAPTER TOPICS Col2 CHAPTER SUBJECT 1-2 Administration and Definitions 3-4 Wildland-Urban Interface Area Designation and Requirements 5 Building Construction Regulations 6 Fire Protection Requirements 7 Referenced Standards Appendices A-I Adoptable and Informational Appendices Chapter 1 Scope and Administration.
Chapter 1 establishes the limits of applicability of the code and describes how the code is to be applied and enforced. The provisions of Chapter 1 establish the authority and duties of the code official appointed by the authority having jurisdiction and also establish the rights and privileges of the design professional, contractor and property owner.
Chapter 2 Definitions.
Chapter 2 is the repository of the definitions of terms used in the body of the code. The user of the code should be familiar with and consult this chapter because the definitions are essential to the correct interpretation of the code and because the user may not be aware that a term is defined.
Chapter 3 Wildland-Urban Interface Areas.
Chapter 3 provides for the fundamental aspect of applying the code—the legal declaration and establishment of wildland-urban interface areas within the adopting jurisdiction, mapping of the area, periodic review and updates.
Chapter 4 Wildland-Urban Interface Area Requirements.
The requirements of Chapter 4 apply to all occupancies in the wildland-urban interface and pertain to all of the following:
Fire service access to the property that is to be protected, including fire apparatus access roads and off-road driveways.
Premises identification.
Key boxes to provide ready access to properties secured by gated roadways or other impediments to rapid fire service access.
Fire protection water supplies, including adequate water sources, pumper apparatus drafting sites, fire hydrant systems and system reliability.
Fire department access to equipment such as fire suppression equipment and fire hydrants.
Chapter 5 Special Building Construction Regulations.
The regulations in Chapter 5 establish minimum standards for the location, design and construction of buildings and structures based on construction within a Fire Hazard Severity Zone or a Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Area.
The construction provisions of Chapter 5 are intended to supplement the requirements of the California Building Code and Califor- nia Residential Code and address mitigation of the unique hazards posed to buildings by wildfire and to reduce the hazards of building fires spreading to wildland fuels. This is accomplished by requiring ignition-resistant construction materials.
Chapter 6 Fire Protection Requirements.
Chapter 6 contains additional requirements for development and construction in Local Responsibility Areas (LRA) designated as Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones and areas designated by the State Fire Marshal as State Responsibility Areas (SRA). While many of these provisions are found in Title 14 and Title 19 of the California Code of Regulations, they are replicated here for the code user. The local jurisdiction has the authority to apply the same regulations to LRA when the regulations are adopted by local ordinance.
The requirements in this chapter reference the process for adoption of Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones in the LRA; criteria for evaluating existing subdivisions that are at significant fire risk and are without an adequate secondary egress; and criteria for fire safety provisions required in the Safety Element of a city or county General Plan.
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CWUIC § 3206.7.2 Medium relevance — show source text
3206.7.2 Where located. Where exterior walls surrounding high-piled storage areas face fire apparatus access roads, such walls shall be provided with fire department access doors.
3206.7.3 Access to doors. Fire department access doors shall be able to be accessed without the use of a ladder.
3206.7.4 Marking on fire department access doors. Fire department access doors shall be labeled on the exterior side with the following sign or other approved sign:
FIRE DEPARTMENT ACCESS DOOR
DO NOT BLOCK
The lettering shall be in a contrasting color to the background. Letters shall have a minimum height of 2 inches (51 mm) with a minimum stroke of [3] / 8 inch (10 mm).
3206.7.5 Number of doors required. The required fire department access doors shall be distributed such that the lineal distance between adjacent fire department access doors does not exceed 125 feet (38 100 mm) measured center to center.
Exception: The linear distance between adjacent access doors shall not exceed 200 feet (60 960 mm) in existing buildings where change in occupancy is not proposed.
3206.7.6 Door size and type. Fire department access doors shall be not less than 3 feet (914 mm) in width and 6 feet 8 inches (2032 mm) in height. Roll-up doors shall not be considered fire department access doors unless approved.
3206.7.7 Locking devices. Locking devices on fire department access doors shall be approved.
3206.7.8 Key box. Where fire department access doors are required, a key box shall be installed in accordance with Section 506.1. The key box shall contain keys or devices to allow for entry through the fire department access doors.
3206.8 Smoke and heat removal. Where smoke and heat removal is required by Table 3206.2 it shall be provided in accordance with Section 910.
3206.9 Fire department hose connections. Where exit passageways are required by the California Building Code for egress, a Class I standpipe system shall be provided in accordance with Section 905.
3206.10 Aisles. Aisles providing access to exits and fire department access doors shall be provided in high-piled storage areas exceeding 500 square feet (46 m [2] ), in accordance with Sections 3206.10.1 through 3206.10.3. Aisles separating storage piles or racks shall comply with NFPA 13. Aisles shall comply with Chapter 10.
Exception: Where aisles are precluded by rack storage systems, alternate methods of access and protection are allowed where approved.
3206.10.1 Width. Aisle width shall be in accordance with Sections 3206.10.1.1 and 3206.10.1.2.
Exceptions:
- Aisles crossing rack structures or storage piles, that are used only for employee access, shall be not less than 24 inches (610 mm) wide.
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HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE
- Aisles separating shelves classified as shelf storage shall be not less than 30 inches (762 mm) wide.
CWUIC § 3306.1 Medium relevance — show source text
SECTION 3306—FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS AND DEVICES
3306.1 Fire protection devices. The site safety director shall ensure that all fire protection equipment is maintained and serviced in accordance with this code. Fire protection equipment shall be inspected in accordance with the fire protection program.
3306.2 Impairment of fire protection systems. The site safety director shall ensure impairments to any fire protection system are in accordance with Section 901.
3306.3 Smoke detectors and smoke alarms. Smoke detectors and smoke alarms located in an area where airborne construction dust is expected shall be covered to prevent exposure to dust or shall be temporarily removed. Smoke detectors and alarms that were removed shall be replaced upon conclusion of dust-producing work. Smoke detectors and smoke alarms that were covered shall be inspected and cleaned, as necessary, upon conclusion of dust-producing work.
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FIRE SAFETY DURING CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION
3306.4 Temporary covering of fire protection devices. Coverings placed on or over fire protection devices to protect them from damage during construction processes shall be immediately removed upon the completion of the construction processes in the room or area in which the devices are installed.
3306.5 Automatic sprinkler system. In buildings where an automatic sprinkler system is required by this code or the California Building Code, it shall be unlawful to occupy any portion of a building or structure until the automatic sprinkler system installation has been tested and approved, except as provided in Section 105.3.4.
3306.5.1 Operation of valves. Operation of sprinkler control valves shall be allowed only by properly authorized personnel and shall be accompanied by notification of duly designated parties. Where the sprinkler protection is being regularly turned off and on to facilitate connection of newly completed segments, the sprinkler control valves shall be checked at the end of each work period to ascertain that protection is in service.
3306.6 Portable fire extinguishers. Structures under construction, alteration or demolition shall be provided with not less than one approved portable fire extinguisher in accordance with Section 906 and sized for not less than ordinary hazard as follows:
- At each stairway on all floor levels where combustible materials have accumulated.
- In every storage and construction shed.
- Additional portable fire extinguishers shall be provided where special hazards exist including, but not limited to, the storage and use of flammable and combustible liquids.
SECTION 3307—FIRE DEPARTMENT SITE ACCESS AND WATER SUPPLY
3307.1 Required access. Approved vehicle access for firefighting shall be provided to all construction or demolition sites. Vehicle access shall be provided to within 100 feet (30 480 mm) of temporary or permanent fire department connections. Vehicle access shall be provided by either temporary or permanent roads, capable of supporting vehicle loading under all weather conditions. Vehicle access shall be maintained until permanent fire apparatus access roads are available.
3307.1.1 Key boxes. Key boxes shall be provided as required by Chapter 5.
[BE] 3307.1.2 Stairways required. Where building construction exceeds 40 feet (12 192 mm) in height above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access, a temporary or permanent stairway shall be provided. As construction progresses, such stairway shall be extended to within one floor of the highest point of construction having secured decking or flooring.
CWUIC § 2-19 Medium relevance — show source text
[BF] FIRE AREA. The aggregate floor area enclosed and bounded by fire walls, fire barriers, exterior walls or horizontal assemblies of a building. Areas of the building not provided with surrounding walls shall be included in the fire area if such areas are included within the horizontal projection of the roof or floor next above.
[BF] FIRE BARRIER. A fire-resistance-rated wall assembly of materials designed to restrict the spread of fire in which continuity is maintained.
FIRE CHIEF. The chief officer of the fire department serving the jurisdiction, or a duly authorized representative.
FIRE CODE OFFICIAL. The fire chief or other designated authority charged with the administration and enforcement of the code, or a duly authorized representative.
FIRE COMMAND CENTER. The principal attended or unattended location where the status of detection, alarm communications and control systems is displayed, and from which the system(s) can be manually controlled.
[BF] FIRE DAMPER. A listed device installed in ducts and air transfer openings designed to close automatically upon detection of heat and resist the passage of flame. Fire dampers are classified for use in either static systems that will automatically shut down in the event of a fire, or in dynamic systems that continue to operate during a fire. A dynamic fire damper is tested and rated for closure under elevated temperature airflow.
FIRE DEPARTMENT MASTER KEY. A limited issue key of special or controlled design to be carried by fire department officials in command which will open key boxes on specified properties.
FIRE DETECTOR, AUTOMATIC. A device designed to detect the presence of a fire signature and to initiate action.
[BF] FIRE DOOR. The door component of a fire door assembly.
[BF] FIRE DOOR ASSEMBLY. Any combination of a fire door, frame, hardware and other accessories that together provide a specific degree of fire protection to the opening.
[BF] FIRE EXIT HARDWARE. Panic hardware that is listed for use on fire door assemblies.
FIRE LANE. A road or other passageway developed to allow the passage of fire apparatus. A fire lane is not necessarily intended for vehicular traffic other than fire apparatus.
[BF] FIRE PARTITION. A vertical assembly of materials designed to restrict the spread of fire in which openings are protected.
FIRE POINT. The lowest temperature at which a liquid will ignite and achieve sustained burning when exposed to a test flame in accordance with ASTM D92.
[BF] FIRE PROTECTION RATING. The period of time that an opening protective assembly will maintain the ability to confine a fire as determined by tests prescribed in Section 716 of the California Building Code . Ratings are stated in hours or minutes.
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DEFINITIONS
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM. Approved devices, equipment and systems or combinations of systems used to detect a fire, activate an alarm, extinguish or control a fire, control or manage smoke and products of a fire or any combination thereof.
[BF] FIRE RESISTANCE. That property of materials or their assemblies that prevents or retards the passage of excessive heat, hot gases or flames under conditions of use.
FIRE SAFETY FUNCTIONS. Building and fire control functions that are intended to increase the level of life safety for occupants or to control the spread of the harmful effects of fire.
CWUIC § 504.4 Medium relevance — show source text
504.4 Roof access. No person shall install or maintain any security barrier such as barbed wire fencing, razor wire fencing, chain link fencing or any other fencing material, cable, aerial, antenna or other obstruction on the roof of any commercial establishment in such a manner as to obstruct or render egress or access hazardous in the event of fire or other emergency.
Exception: Guy wire, rods and aerial antenna masts may be attached to a roof structure having a slope of less than 30 degrees provided there is full clearance of 7 feet or more between the roof and said obstruction. Guy wire or rods required to support aerial or antenna masts may be attached to a roof structure a lateral distance from the mast not in excess of one-sixth the height of the mast.
SECTION 505—PREMISES IDENTIFICATION
505.1 Address identification. New and existing buildings shall be provided with approved address identification. The address identification shall be legible and placed in a position that is visible from the street or road fronting the property. Address identification characters shall contrast with their background. Address numbers shall be Arabic numbers or alphabetical letters. Numbers shall not be spelled out. Each character shall be not less than 4 inches (102 mm) high with a minimum stroke width of [1] / 2 inch (12.7 mm). Where required by the fire code official, address identification shall be provided in additional approved locations to facilitate emergency response. Where access is by means of a private road and the building cannot be viewed from the public way, a monument, pole or other sign or means shall be used to identify the structure. Address identification shall be maintained.
505.2 Street or road signs. Streets and roads shall be identified with approved signs. Temporary signs shall be installed at each street intersection when construction of new roadways allows passage by vehicles. Signs shall be of an approved size, weather resistant and be maintained until replaced by permanent signs.
SECTION 506—KEY BOXES
506.1 Where required. Where access to or within a structure or an area is restricted because of secured openings or where immediate access is necessary for life-saving or firefighting purposes, the fire code official is authorized to require a key box to be installed in an approved location. The key box shall be of an approved type listed in accordance with UL 1037, and shall contain keys to gain necessary access as required by the fire code official.
506.1.1 Locks. An approved lock shall be installed on gates or similar barriers where required by the fire code official.
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FIRE SERVICE FEATURES
506.1.2 Key boxes for nonstandardized fire service elevator keys. Key boxes provided for nonstandardized fire service elevator keys shall comply with Section 506.1 and all of the following:
The key box shall be compatible with an existing rapid entry key box system in use in the jurisdiction and approved by the fire code official.
The front cover shall be permanently labeled with the words “FIRE DEPARTMENT USE ONLY—ELEVATOR KEYS.”
The key box shall be mounted at each elevator bank at the lobby nearest to the lowest level of fire department access.
The key box shall be mounted 5 feet 6 inches (1676 mm) above the finished floor to the right side of the elevator bank.
Contents of the key box are limited to fire service elevator keys.
CWUIC § 3306.6 Medium relevance — show source text
3306.6 Portable fire extinguishers. Structures under construction, alteration or demolition shall be provided with not less than one approved portable fire extinguisher in accordance with Section 906 and sized for not less than ordinary hazard as follows:
- At each stairway on all floor levels where combustible materials have accumulated.
- In every storage and construction shed.
- Additional portable fire extinguishers shall be provided where special hazards exist including, but not limited to, the storage and use of flammable and combustible liquids.
SECTION 3307—FIRE DEPARTMENT SITE ACCESS AND WATER SUPPLY
3307.1 Required access. Approved vehicle access for firefighting shall be provided to all construction or demolition sites. Vehicle access shall be provided to within 100 feet (30 480 mm) of temporary or permanent fire department connections. Vehicle access shall be provided by either temporary or permanent roads, capable of supporting vehicle loading under all weather conditions. Vehicle access shall be maintained until permanent fire apparatus access roads are available.
3307.1.1 Key boxes. Key boxes shall be provided as required by Chapter 5.
[BE] 3307.1.2 Stairways required. Where building construction exceeds 40 feet (12 192 mm) in height above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access, a temporary or permanent stairway shall be provided. As construction progresses, such stairway shall be extended to within one floor of the highest point of construction having secured decking or flooring.
3307.1.3 Maintenance. Required means of egress and required accessible means of egress shall be maintained during construction and demolition, remodeling or alterations and additions to any building.
Exception: Approved temporary means of egress and accessible means of egress systems and facilities.
3307.2 Water supply for fire protection. An approved water supply for fire protection, either temporary or permanent, shall be made available as soon as combustible building materials arrive on the site, on commencement of vertical combustible construction and on installation of a standpipe system in buildings under construction, in accordance with Sections 3307.2.1 through 3307.4.
Exception: The fire code official is authorized to reduce the fire-flow requirements for isolated buildings or a group of buildings in rural areas or small communities where the development of full fire-flow requirements is impractical.
3307.2.1 Combustible building materials. When combustible building materials of the building under construction are delivered to a site, a minimum fire flow of 500 gallons per minute (1893 L/m) shall be provided. The fire hydrant used to provide this fire-flow supply shall be within 500 feet (152 m) of the combustible building materials, as measured along an approved fire apparatus access lane. Where the site configuration is such that one fire hydrant cannot be located within 500 feet (152 m) of all combustible building materials, additional fire hydrants shall be required to provide coverage in accordance with this section.
3307.2.2 Vertical construction of Types III, IV and V construction. Prior to commencement of vertical construction of Type III, IV or V buildings that utilize any combustible building materials, the fire flow required by Sections 3307.2.2.1 through 3307.2.2.3 shall be provided, accompanied by fire hydrants in sufficient quantity to deliver the required fire flow and proper coverage.
CWUIC § 3.05 Medium relevance — show source text
Title 19, Division 1]||||X|||||||||||||||||||| |Chapter / Section|||||||||||||||||||||||| |503|||†||||||||||||||||||||| |[T-19 §3.05 (a)]||||X|||||||||||||||||||| |503.5.2|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |[T-19 §3.05 (b)]||||X|||||||||||||||||||| |504.4|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |507.2.1|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |507.3|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |507.5|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |507.5.1|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |507.5.3|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |508.1|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |508.1.2|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |508.1.5|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |508.1.6|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |508.1.8|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |510.2|||†|||||||||||||||||||||- The California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 19, Division 1 provisions that are found in the California Fire Code are a reprint from the current CCR, Title 19, Division 1 text for the code user’s convenience only. The scope, applicability and appeals procedures of CCR, Title 19, Division I remain the same. The state agency does not adopt sections identified by the following symbol: The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to Section 1.11.
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PART III— BUILDING AND EQUIPMENT DESIGN FEATURES
5 FIRE SERVICE FEATURES
User notes:
About this chapter: Chapter 5 provides requirements that apply to all buildings and occupancies and pertain to access roads, access to building openings and roofs, premises identification, key boxes, fire protection water supplies, fire command centers, fire department access to equipment and emergency responder communications enhancement coverage in buildings. Although many safety features are part of the building design, features such as proper fire department access roads and communication coverage are necessary in case of emergency and are important tools for emergency responders for public safety and their own safety.
SECTION 501—GENERAL
501.1 Scope. Fire service features for buildings, structures and premises shall comply with this chapter.
501.2 Permits. A permit shall be required as set forth in Sections 105.5 and 105.6.
501.3 Construction documents. Construction documents for proposed fire apparatus access, location of fire lanes, security gates across fire apparatus access roads and construction documents and hydraulic calculations for fire hydrant systems shall be submitted to the fire department for review and approval prior to construction.
501.3.1 Site safety plan. The owner or owner’s authorized agent shall be responsible for the development, implementation and maintenance of an approved written site safety plan in accordance with Section 3303.
CWUIC § 0.25 Medium relevance — show source text
FINES. Small pieces or splinters of wood byproducts that will pass through a 0.25-inch (6.4 mm) screen.
FIRE ALARM. The giving, signaling or transmission to any public fire station, or company or to any officer or employee thereof, whether by telephone, spoken word or otherwise, of information to the effect that there is a fire at or near the place indicated by the person giving, signaling or transmitting such information.
FIRE ALARM BOX, MANUAL. See “Manual fire alarm box.”
FIRE ALARM CONTROL UNIT. A system component that receives inputs from automatic and manual fire alarm devices and may be capable of supplying power to detection devices and transponder(s) or off-premises transmitter(s). The control unit may be capable of providing a transfer of power to the notification appliances and transfer of condition to relays or devices.
FIRE ALARM SIGNAL. A signal initiated by a fire alarm-initiating device such as a manual fire alarm box, automatic fire detector, waterflow switch or other device whose activation is indicative of the presence of a fire or fire signature.
FIRE ALARM SYSTEM. A system or portion of a combination system consisting of components and circuits arranged to monitor and annunciate the status of fire alarm or supervisory signal-initiating devices and to initiate the appropriate response to those signals.
FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROAD. A road that provides fire apparatus access from a fire station to a facility, building or portion thereof. This is a general term inclusive of all other terms such as fire lane, public street, private street, parking lot lane and access roadway.
FIRE APPLIANCE. See Section 902.1.
[BF] FIRE AREA. The aggregate floor area enclosed and bounded by fire walls, fire barriers, exterior walls or horizontal assemblies of a building. Areas of the building not provided with surrounding walls shall be included in the fire area if such areas are included within the horizontal projection of the roof or floor next above.
[BF] FIRE BARRIER. A fire-resistance-rated wall assembly of materials designed to restrict the spread of fire in which continuity is maintained.
FIRE CHIEF. The chief officer of the fire department serving the jurisdiction, or a duly authorized representative.
FIRE CODE OFFICIAL. The fire chief or other designated authority charged with the administration and enforcement of the code, or a duly authorized representative.
FIRE COMMAND CENTER. The principal attended or unattended location where the status of detection, alarm communications and control systems is displayed, and from which the system(s) can be manually controlled.
[BF] FIRE DAMPER. A listed device installed in ducts and air transfer openings designed to close automatically upon detection of heat and resist the passage of flame. Fire dampers are classified for use in either static systems that will automatically shut down in the event of a fire, or in dynamic systems that continue to operate during a fire. A dynamic fire damper is tested and rated for closure under elevated temperature airflow.
FIRE DEPARTMENT MASTER KEY. A limited issue key of special or controlled design to be carried by fire department officials in command which will open key boxes on specified properties.
FIRE DETECTOR, AUTOMATIC. A device designed to detect the presence of a fire signature and to initiate action.
[BF] FIRE DOOR. The door component of a fire door assembly.
CWUIC § 402.1.1 Medium relevance — show source text
402.1.1 Access. New subdivisions, as determined by this jurisdiction, shall be provided with fire apparatus access roads in accordance with the California Fire Code; the California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 2, Article 2; and access requirements in accordance with Section 403.
402.1.2 Water supply. New subdivisions as determined by this jurisdiction shall be provided with water supply in accordance with Section 507 of the California Fire Code; California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 2, Article 4; and Section 404.
402.1.2.1 Parcel map approval. Water supply requirements shall apply in the tentative and parcel map process when new parcels are approved by the local jurisdiction.
402.2 Individual structures. Individual structures shall comply with Sections 402.2.1 and 402.2.2.
402.2.1 Access. Individual structures hereafter constructed or relocated into or within wildland-urban interface areas shall be provided with fire apparatus access in accordance with the California Fire Code; the California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 2, Subsection 1273; and Section 403 .
402.2.2 Water supply. Individual structures hereafter constructed or relocated into or within wildland-urban interface areas shall be provided with a conforming water supply in accordance with the California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 2, Article 4; California Fire Code Section 507; and Section 404.
402.3 Existing conditions. Existing buildings shall be provided with address markers in accordance with Sections 403.2.4 and 403.2.5 . Existing roads and fire protection equipment shall be provided with markings in accordance with Sections 403.4 and 404.8, respectively.
SECTION 403—ACCESS
USER NOTE: The standards in Section 403 applicable to roads shall not apply to roads used solely for agriculture; mining; or the management of timberland or harvesting of forest products. [CCR, Title 14 §1270.03(d)]
403.1 General. Roads and driveways, whether public or private, unless exempted under 14 CCR § 1270.03(d), shall provide for safe access for emergency wildfire equipment and civilian evacuation concurrently, and shall provide unobstructed traffic circulation during a wildfire emergency consistent 403.1.1 to 403.1.9. [CCR, Title 14 §1273.00]
403.1.1 Section 403 definitions. When used in Section 403, the term listed below shall be defined as follows:
DEFENSIBLE SPACE. The area within the perimeter of a parcel, development, neighborhood or community where basic wildland fire protection practices and measures are implemented to defend against encroaching wildfire or to escape structure fires. The perimeter as used in this regulation [CCR Title 14] is the area encompassing the parcel or parcels proposed for construction and/or development, excluding the physical structure itself. The area is characterized by the establishment and maintenance of emer- gency vehicle access, emergency water reserves, road names and identification, and fuel modification measures. [CCR Title 14 §1270.01(f)]
CWUIC § 506.1 Medium relevance — show source text
SECTION 506—KEY BOXES
506.1 Where required. Where access to or within a structure or an area is restricted because of secured openings or where immediate access is necessary for life-saving or firefighting purposes, the fire code official is authorized to require a key box to be installed in an approved location. The key box shall be of an approved type listed in accordance with UL 1037, and shall contain keys to gain necessary access as required by the fire code official.
506.1.1 Locks. An approved lock shall be installed on gates or similar barriers where required by the fire code official.
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FIRE SERVICE FEATURES
506.1.2 Key boxes for nonstandardized fire service elevator keys. Key boxes provided for nonstandardized fire service elevator keys shall comply with Section 506.1 and all of the following:
The key box shall be compatible with an existing rapid entry key box system in use in the jurisdiction and approved by the fire code official.
The front cover shall be permanently labeled with the words “FIRE DEPARTMENT USE ONLY—ELEVATOR KEYS.”
The key box shall be mounted at each elevator bank at the lobby nearest to the lowest level of fire department access.
The key box shall be mounted 5 feet 6 inches (1676 mm) above the finished floor to the right side of the elevator bank.
Contents of the key box are limited to fire service elevator keys. Additional elevator access tools, keys and information pertinent to emergency planning or elevator access shall be permitted where authorized by the fire code official.
In buildings with two or more elevator banks, a single key box shall be permitted to be used where such elevator banks are separated by not more than 30 feet (9144 mm). Additional key boxes shall be provided for each individual elevator or elevator bank separated by more than 30 feet (9144 mm).
Exception: A single key box shall be permitted to be located adjacent to a fire command center or the nonstandard fire service elevator key shall be permitted to be secured in a key box used for other purposes and located in accordance with Section 506.1.
506.2 Key box maintenance. The operator of the building shall immediately notify the fire code official and provide the new key where a lock is changed or rekeyed. The key to such lock shall be secured in the key box.
SECTION 507—FIRE PROTECTION WATER SUPPLIES
507.1 Required water supply. An approved water supply capable of supplying the required fire flow for fire protection shall be provided to premises on which facilities, buildings or portions of buildings are hereafter constructed or moved into or within the jurisdiction.
507.2 Type of water supply. A water supply shall consist of reservoirs, pressure tanks, elevated tanks, water mains or other fixed systems capable of providing the required fire flow.
507.2.1 Private fire service mains. Private fire service mains and appurtenances shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 24 as amended in Chapter 80.
507.2.2 Water tanks. Water tanks for private fire protection shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 22.
507.3 Fire flow. Fire-flow requirements for buildings or portions of buildings and facilities shall be determined by an approved method or Appendix B.
Frequently asked questions
Who decides whether a key box is required for my gated driveway?
The local fire code official (authority having jurisdiction) has the authority to require a key box where access is restricted or immediate access is necessary; CWUIC Chapter 4 frames the need and the Fire Code sets implementation requirements (see § 403.1 and § 506.1).
If I install a key box, what must go inside it?
The key box should contain the keys or devices necessary to gain access as required by the fire code official. Contents and any limits (e.g., elevator keys only) are defined or approved by the AHJ under Fire Code rules.
Do CWUIC rules apply to private agricultural roads?
No — the CWUIC states that the standards in Section 403 applicable to roads do not apply to roads used solely for agriculture, mining, or timberland operations per the referenced Title 14 exemption. Consult the AHJ if your road has mixed or changing use.
If I change locks, what am I required to do?
You must immediately notify the fire code official and provide the new key so the key box remains current (Fire Code § 506.2).
My gate is electric — is that allowed?
Yes, but gates across required fire apparatus access roads must be approved and equipped with an approved emergency opening method; electric gate operators must be listed to standards and the AHJ must approve locking/opening methods (Appendix D103.5).
More in California Wildland-Urban Interface Code
- Administration and Definitions
- Board of Appeals, Administration & Enforcement (permits, code official duties, appeals process)
- Wildland‑Urban Interface Area Designation & Mapping
- Fire Service Access & Water Supply (fire apparatus roads, driveways, hydrants, draft sites, standby power)
- Wildland‑Urban Interface Area Requirements (access, water, premises identification, key boxes)
- Referenced Standards & Test Methods
- Special Building Construction Regulations (ignition‑resistant construction, roof/vent/assembly requirements)
- Appendices and Model Ordinances (vegetation plans, severity‑zone adoption, home‑hardening guidance)
- Fire Protection Requirements (fire protection plans, systems, safety element provisions)
- Referenced California Documents & Matrix (CCR/Title 14 & 19 cross‑references, statutory references)
- Vegetation Management & Defensible Space (vegetation plans, maintenance, fire‑smart characteristics)
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