CWUIC · California Wildland-Urban Interface Code
How are ridgelines, fuel breaks and greenbelts regulated for new development?
If you’re building in a wildfire‑exposed area, the local jurisdiction will assess ridgelines for protection and — when your project meets triggers like creating three or more new parcels or increasing zoning/use intensity — require fuel breaks (including in greenbelts). Those fuel breaks must be located and designed with the fire authority to reduce radiant/convective heat and ember exposure, completed before construction, and kept maintained through binding mechanisms (legal agreements, fees, or HOA assessments) per **§ 609**, **§ 609.1**, **§ 609.2**, and **§ 609.2.6** .
Last reviewed: July 6, 2026
What the code requires
In plain English: the local jurisdiction must identify and preserve Strategic Ridgelines and generally prohibit new buildings on Undeveloped Ridgelines found to be important for wildfire protection (§ 609.1) — and when certain development triggers occur the jurisdiction, in consultation with the fire authority, must determine the need, location, construction method and long‑term maintenance for Fuel Breaks or fuel‑breaks within Greenbelts or other open spaces (§ 609.2, § 609.2.6) .
The single most important rule: if a project meets the code triggers for fuel‑break review (for example, creating three or more new parcels), the local jurisdiction and the fire authority must decide where and how fuel breaks (including in greenbelts) will be located, built, and kept maintained before construction proceeds. § 609.2 and § 609.2.6 govern these requirements .
Requirements in detail
Ridgelines (strategic identification and limits on new buildings)
- The Local Jurisdiction must assess and identify Strategic Ridgelines using factors such as topography, vegetation, proximity to development, ability to support fire suppression, and whether mass grading would change ridgeline risk (§ 609.1) .
- Preservation of Undeveloped Ridgelines identified as strategically important is required; new Buildings on those Undeveloped Ridgelines are generally prohibited (with narrow exceptions for utilities and where mass grading removes the ridgeline risk) (§ 609.1) .
- Defined terms: Strategic Ridgeline and Undeveloped Ridgeline are used to describe ridgelines that support suppression tactics or whose preservation reduces fire risk (§ 609.1) .
Fuel breaks — when they are required and what they must do
- Triggers (Local Jurisdiction must determine need/location in consultation with the fire authority) include:
- Permitting/approval of three or more new parcels (lot line adjustments excluded); or
- A change of zoning that increases intensity/density; or
- A change in use that increases intensity/density (§ 609.2) .
- Design objectives: fuel breaks must be located, designed and maintained to reduce damaging radiant and convective heat and ember exposure to access routes, buildings, and infrastructure (§ 609.2.1, part of the § 609.2 fuel‑break requirements) .
- Minimum access: fuel breaks must provide at least one point of entry for firefighters and fire apparatus; the exact number and entry requirements are set by the local jurisdiction with the fire authority (§ 609.2.2) .
- Typical locations where fuel breaks may be required include adjacent to defensible space, adjacent to roads, adjacent to hazardous land uses, or strategically along ridgelines or in greenbelts to reduce heat and ember impacts (§ 609.2.3) .
- Timing: fuel breaks must be completed prior to the commencement of any permitted construction on the development they serve (this timing is specified within the fuel‑break provisions of § 609.2) .
- Construction methods: fuel breaks must be constructed using the most ecological and site‑appropriate treatment(s), e.g., prescribed burning, manual treatment, mechanical treatment, prescribed herbivory, or targeted herbicide application (§ 609.2.5) .
Maintenance (binding, long‑term mechanisms)
- Where fuel breaks are required, the Local Jurisdiction must establish maintenance mechanisms that are binding on the property to ensure the fuel‑break's fire‑behavior objectives and thresholds are preserved over time. These mechanisms may include legal agreements, permanent fees/taxes/assessments, HOA assessments, or other funding mechanisms (§ 609.2.6) .
Greenbelts and open spaces used as fuel breaks
- Any Greenbelt, Greenway, open space, park, landscaped or natural area intended to serve as a fuel break must conform to the fuel‑break requirements in § 609.2 (location, design, construction, maintenance) (§ 609.2.7, treated as part of the fuel‑break framework) .
Decision‑relevant quick reference table
| Decision factor | Value / requirement | Who decides | Code Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Development trigger for fuel‑break review | Three or more new parcels OR zoning/use increases | Local Jurisdiction with Fire Authority | § 609.2 |
| Location & design objective | Reduce radiant/convective heat and ember exposure to routes/buildings | Local Jurisdiction with Fire Authority | § 609.2 / § 609.2.1 |
| Minimum fire access through a fuel break | At least one point of entry for firefighters/apparatus | Local Jurisdiction with Fire Authority | § 609.2.2 |
| Timing for completion | Before permitted construction begins | Local Jurisdiction | § 609.2 (timing provisions) |
| Construction methods | Site‑appropriate ecological methods (e.g., prescribed burning, mechanical) | Local Jurisdiction / Fire Authority | § 609.2.5 within § 609.2 |
| Long‑term maintenance | Binding mechanism (legal agreement, fees, HOA assessments, etc.) | Local Jurisdiction (may require deed restriction/HOA) | § 609.2.6 |
| Ridgeline controls | Identification and preservation; new buildings generally prohibited on Undeveloped Ridgelines unless exceptions apply | Local Jurisdiction | § 609.1 |
Exceptions & special cases
- Utilities and some infrastructure: the code explicitly notes that nothing in the ridgeline prohibition is meant to alter how utility infrastructure (e.g., wireless telecommunications facilities or certain Storage/Utility Group U structures) may be constructed on Undeveloped Ridgelines; these may be permitted under other laws or codes (§ 609.1(c)(2)) .
- Mass grading: a Local Jurisdiction may approve buildings on Strategic Ridgelines when development activities (for example mass grading) will significantly alter topography such that the ridgeline fire risks are eliminated (§ 609.1(c)(3)) .
- Local augmentation: the Local Jurisdiction may adopt further specific requirements to preserve Undeveloped Ridgelines or to specify fuel‑break dimensions, methods, or funding; state rules set minimums but local rules may be stricter (§ 609.1(d) and the general scope of Subchapter 2) file.
- Scope limitations: Subchapter 2 (which includes § 609) applies to development in the State Responsibility Area (SRA) and, after July 1, 2021, to the Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone (VHFHSZ) as applicable; there are some historical/approval date exceptions in the scope language of the subchapter .
Common mistakes
- Assuming the state sets a uniform fuel‑break width or prescription. The CWUIC requires the Local Jurisdiction (with the fire authority) to determine location and design; the state does not prescribe a single mandatory width in § 609.2 — the jurisdiction‑specific/authority‑led design is the controlling process (§ 609.2) .
- Waiting to plan fuel breaks until after construction approvals. Fuel breaks are required to be completed before construction begins on the development they serve; plan and secure maintenance funding early (§ 609.2 timing and § 609.2.6 maintenance) .
- Treating greenbelts as landscaping only. If a greenbelt is intended to serve as a fuel break it must meet the fuel‑break requirements (location, construction, maintenance) — it is not automatically compliant simply by being open space (§ 609.2.7) .
- Overlooking binding maintenance: failing to require a deed restriction, HOA mechanism, or other binding funding/maintenance instrument will leave the fuel break noncompliant with § 609.2.6 .
Worked example — a concrete scenario
Scenario: A developer proposes a new subdivision creating 5 new parcels on a ridge in the SRA.
- Trigger: Creating five parcels meets the “three or more new parcels” trigger under § 609.2, so the Local Jurisdiction must consult the fire authority to determine the need and location for fuel breaks (§ 609.2) .
- Ridgeline review: Because the site lies on a ridgeline, the jurisdiction must evaluate whether that ridge is a Strategic Ridgeline per § 609.1 factors (topography, vegetation, proximity, ability to support suppression). If identified strategic, preservation measures or building prohibitions will apply unless mass grading eliminates the ridgeline risk (§ 609.1) .
- Fuel break design & location: The fire authority may require a fuel break directly adjacent to roads and defensible space to protect evacuation routes and the new homes; the break’s design must reduce radiant/convective heat and ember exposure to buildings and access routes (§ 609.2.1, § 609.2.3) .
- Timing: The fuel break must be completed before any permitted construction on the five parcels begins (fuel‑break completion requirement in the fuel‑break provisions of § 609.2) .
- Construction method: The jurisdiction may specify ecological/mechanical treatments (e.g., mechanical clearing plus targeted herbicide or prescribed grazing) appropriate to the site (§ 609.2.5) .
- Maintenance funding: The jurisdiction requires a deed restriction and HOA assessment to fund ongoing maintenance; that mechanism is recorded against the property and is binding — satisfying § 609.2.6 .
If the developer instead proposed mass grading that would alter topography so the chimney effect is removed, the jurisdiction could consider approving buildings on that ridgeline after findings consistent with § 609.1(c)(3) and related local review .
Related provisions
- § 608 — Building siting and setbacks (minimum 30‑foot setbacks; reductions subject to alternatives such as noncombustible walls) .
- § 603 — (Fuel modification / Vegetation plan references appear in the code index as § 603) — fuel‑modification planning informs fuel‑break and defensible‑space coordination .
- § 604 — Maintenance of defensible space (responsibility and required clearances) — defensible space interfaces directly with fuel‑break placement and function .
- § 1299.02 / § 1299.03 — Definitions and required defensible space zones (e.g., 30 ft Zone 1 and 100 ft total clearance guidance) — relevant when fuel breaks are placed next to defensible space areas .
- § 610 — Fire Safe Development Regulations and subdivision findings required for SRA and VHFHSZ developments — subdivision approvals must address these perimeter protections and fuel‑break planning .
Code references
Grounded in the retrieved California Wildland-Urban Interface Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:
CWUIC § 65850.6 High relevance — show source text
_ (2) Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to alter the extent to which utility infrastructure, including but not limited to wire- less telecommunications facilities, as defined in Government Code Section 65850.6, subdivision (d)(2), or Storage Group S or Utility and Miscellaneous Group U Structures, may be constructed on Undeveloped Ridgelines. (3) Local Jurisdictions may approve Buildings on Strategic Ridgelines where Development activities such as mass grading will significantly alter the topography that results in the elimination of Ridgeline fire risks. (d) The Local Jurisdiction may implement further specific requirements to preserve Undeveloped Ridgelines.
[CCR T14 §1276.02]
609.2 Fuel breaks. When applications meet any of the following criteria, the local jurisdiction shall determine the need and location for fuel breaks in consultation with the fire authority: (1) The permitting or approval of three or more new parcels, excluding lot line adjustments as specified in Government Code Section 66412(d); or (2) An application for a change of zoning increasing zoning intensity or density; or (3) An application for a change in use permit increasing use intensity or density.
[CCR T14 §1276.03(a)]
609.2.1 Exposures. Fuel breaks required by the local jurisdiction, in consultation with the fire authority, shall be located, designed and maintained in a condition that reduces the potential of damaging radiant and convective heat or ember exposure to access routes, buildings or infrastructure within the development. [CCR T14 §1276.03(b)]
609.2.2 Fire department access. Fuel breaks shall have, at a minimum, one point of entry for firefighters and any fire apparatus. The specific number of entry points and entry requirements shall be determined by the local jurisdiction, in consultation with the fire authority. [CCR T14 §1276.03(c)]
609.2.3 Location of fuel breaks. Fuel breaks may be required at locations such as, but not limited to: (1) Directly adjacent to defensible space as defined by Title 14 CCR Section 1299.02 to reduce radiant and convective heat expo- sure and ember impacts, or support firefighting tactics. (2) Directly adjacent to roads to manage radiant and convective heat exposure and ember impacts, increase evacuation safety, or support firefighting tactics. (3) Directly adjacent to a hazardous land use to limit the spread of fire from such uses, reduce radiant and convective heat exposure, or support firefighting tactics. (4) Strategically located along ridgelines, in greenbelts, or in other locations to reduce radiant and convective heat exposure and ember impacts, or support community level firefighting tactics.
[CCR T14 §1276.03(d)]
609.2.4 Timing. Fuel breaks shall be completed prior to the commencement of any permitted construction. [CCR T14 §1276.03(e)]
609.2.5 Construction. Fuel breaks shall be constructed using the most ecologically and site appropriate treatment option, such as, but not limited to, prescribed burning, manual treatment, mechanical treatment, prescribed herbivory, and targeted ground applica- tion of herbicides. [CCR T14 §1276.03(f)]
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CWUIC § 6-5 High relevance — show source text
2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE 6-5
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FIRE PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS
(2) Noncombustible material extending 5 feet (1524 mm) horizontally from the furthest extent of the building; or (3) Hardscape landscaping; or (4) A reduction of exposed windows on the side of the structure with setback less than 30 feet (9144 mm); or (5) The most protective requirements in Chapter 5.
[CCR T14 §1276.01(b)]
SECTION 609—RIDGELINES, FUEL BREAKS AND GREENBELTS
609.1 Ridgelines.
(a)The Local Jurisdiction shall identify Strategic Ridgelines, if any, to reduce fire risk and improve fire protection through an assessment of the following factors: (1) Topography. (2) Vegetation. (3) Proximity to any existing or proposed residential, commercial or industrial land uses. (4) Construction where mass grading may significantly alter the topography resulting in the elimination of Ridgeline fire risks. (5) Ability to support effective fire suppression. (6) Other factors, if any, deemed relevant by the local jurisdiction. (b) Preservation of Undeveloped Ridgelines identified as strategically important shall be required pursuant to this section. (c) New Buildings on Undeveloped Ridgelines identified as strategically important are prohibited, as described in subsections (c)(1), (c)(2), and (c)(3). (1) New Residential Units are prohibited within or at the top of drainages or other topographic features common to Ridgelines that act as chimneys to funnel convective heat from Wildfires. (2) Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to alter the extent to which utility infrastructure, including but not limited to wire- less telecommunications facilities, as defined in Government Code Section 65850.6, subdivision (d)(2), or Storage Group S or Utility and Miscellaneous Group U Structures, may be constructed on Undeveloped Ridgelines. (3) Local Jurisdictions may approve Buildings on Strategic Ridgelines where Development activities such as mass grading will significantly alter the topography that results in the elimination of Ridgeline fire risks. (d) The Local Jurisdiction may implement further specific requirements to preserve Undeveloped Ridgelines.
[CCR T14 §1276.02]
609.2 Fuel breaks. When applications meet any of the following criteria, the local jurisdiction shall determine the need and location for fuel breaks in consultation with the fire authority: (1) The permitting or approval of three or more new parcels, excluding lot line adjustments as specified in Government Code Section 66412(d); or (2) An application for a change of zoning increasing zoning intensity or density; or (3) An application for a change in use permit increasing use intensity or density.
[CCR T14 §1276.03(a)]
609.2.1 Exposures. Fuel breaks required by the local jurisdiction, in consultation with the fire authority, shall be located, designed and maintained in a condition that reduces the potential of damaging radiant and convective heat or ember exposure to access routes, buildings or infrastructure within the development. [CCR T14 §1276.03(b)]
CWUIC § 65850.6 High relevance — show source text
APPENDIX H—REFERENCED CALIFORNIA DOCUMENTS
(b) Preservation of Undeveloped Ridgelines identified as strategically important shall be required pursuant to this section. (c) New Buildings on Undeveloped Ridgelines identified as strategically important are prohibited, as described in subsections (c)(1), (c)(2), and (c)(3). (1) New Residential Units are prohibited within or at the top of drainages or other topographic features common to Ridge- lines that act as chimneys to funnel convective heat from Wildfires. (2) Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to alter the extent to which utility infrastructure, including but not limited to wireless telecommunications facilities, as defined in Government Code section 65850.6, subdivision (d)(2), or Storage Group S or Utility and Miscellaneous Group U Structures, may be constructed on Undeveloped Ridgelines. (3) Local Jurisdictions may approve Buildings on Strategic Ridgelines where Development activities such as mass grading will significantly alter the topography that results in the elimination of Ridgeline fire risks. (d) The Local Jurisdiction may implement further specific requirements to preserve Undeveloped Ridgelines.
1276.03 Fuel breaks.
(a) When Building construction meets the following criteria, the Local Jurisdiction shall determine the need and location for Fuel Breaks in consultation with the Fire Authority: (1) the permitting or approval of three (3) or more new parcels, excluding lot line adjustments as specified in Government Code (GC) section 66412(d); or (2) an application for a change of zoning increasing zoning intensity or density; or (3) an application for a change in use permit increasing use intensity or density. (b) Fuel Breaks required by the Local Jurisdiction, in consultation with the Fire Authority, shall be located, designed, and main- tained in a condition that reduces the potential of damaging radiant and convective heat or ember exposure to Access routes, Buildings, or infrastructure within the Development. (c) Fuel Breaks shall have, at a minimum, one point of entry for fire fighters and any Fire Apparatus. The specific number of entry points and entry requirements shall be determined by the Local Jurisdiction, in consultation with the Fire Authority. (d) Fuel Breaks may be required at locations such as, but not limited to: (1) Directly adjacent to defensible space as defined by 14 CCR § 1299.02 to reduce radiant and convective heat exposure, ember impacts, or support fire suppression tactics; (2) Directly adjacent to Roads to manage radiant and convective heat exposure or ember impacts, increase evacuation safety, or support fire suppression tactics; (3) Directly adjacent to a Hazardous Land Use to limit the spread of fire from such uses, reduce radiant and convective heat exposure, or support fire suppression tactics; (4) Strategically located along Ridgelines, in Greenbelts, or other locations to reduce radiant and convective heat exposure, ember impacts, or support community level fire suppression tactics. (e) Fuel Breaks shall be completed prior to the commencement of any permitted construction. (f) Fuel Breaks shall be constructed using the most ecologically and site appropriate treatment option, such as, but not limited to, prescribed burning, manual treatment, mechanical treatment, prescribed herbivory, and targeted ground application of herbicides.
CWUIC § 1299.02 High relevance — show source text
_ (b) Fuel Breaks required by the Local Jurisdiction, in consultation with the Fire Authority, shall be located, designed, and main- tained in a condition that reduces the potential of damaging radiant and convective heat or ember exposure to Access routes, Buildings, or infrastructure within the Development. (c) Fuel Breaks shall have, at a minimum, one point of entry for fire fighters and any Fire Apparatus. The specific number of entry points and entry requirements shall be determined by the Local Jurisdiction, in consultation with the Fire Authority. (d) Fuel Breaks may be required at locations such as, but not limited to: (1) Directly adjacent to defensible space as defined by 14 CCR § 1299.02 to reduce radiant and convective heat exposure, ember impacts, or support fire suppression tactics; (2) Directly adjacent to Roads to manage radiant and convective heat exposure or ember impacts, increase evacuation safety, or support fire suppression tactics; (3) Directly adjacent to a Hazardous Land Use to limit the spread of fire from such uses, reduce radiant and convective heat exposure, or support fire suppression tactics; (4) Strategically located along Ridgelines, in Greenbelts, or other locations to reduce radiant and convective heat exposure, ember impacts, or support community level fire suppression tactics. (e) Fuel Breaks shall be completed prior to the commencement of any permitted construction. (f) Fuel Breaks shall be constructed using the most ecologically and site appropriate treatment option, such as, but not limited to, prescribed burning, manual treatment, mechanical treatment, prescribed herbivory, and targeted ground application of herbicides.
(g) Where a Local Jurisdiction requires Fuel Breaks, maintenance mechanisms shall be established to ensure the fire behavior objectives and thresholds are maintained over time. (h) The mechanisms required shall be binding upon the property for which the Fuel Break is established, shall ensure adequate maintenance levels, and may include written legal agreements; permanent fees, taxes, or assessments; assessments through a homeowners' association; or other funding mechanisms.
1276.04 Greenbelts, greenways, open spaces and parks. (a) Where a Greenbelt, Greenway, open space, park, landscaped or natural area, or portions thereof, is intended to serve as a Fuel Break, the space or relevant portion thereof shall conform with the requirements in § 1276.03 (Fuel Breaks).
1276.05 Disposal of flammable vegetation and fuels.
The disposal, including burning or removal to a site approved by the Local Jurisdiction, in consultation with the Fire Authority, of flam- mable vegetation and fuels caused by site construction, Road, and Driveway construction shall be in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations.
H104.2 Subchapter 3 Fire Hazard.
Article 3. Fire Hazard Reduction Around Buildings and Structures
1299.01 Purpose. The intent of this regulation is to provide guidance for implementation of Public Resources Code Section 4291 to improve safety for fire fighters defending a home as well as increase the survivability of a “Building or Structure” as defined, that exists in grass, brush, and forest covered lands within the designated State Responsibility Area (SRA) of California.
CWUIC § 1276.02 High relevance — show source text
which may include but are not limited to, parcel_ dimensions or size, topographic limitations, Development density requirements or other Development patterns that promote low-carbon emission outcomes; sensitive habitat; or other site constraints, and shall provide for an alternative method to reduce Structure-to-Structure ignition by incorporating features such as, but not limited to: (1) non-combustible block walls or fences; or (2) non-combustible material extending five (5) feet horizontally from the furthest extent of the Building; or (3) hardscape landscaping; or (4) a reduction of exposed windows on the side of the Structure with a less than thirty (30) foot setback; or (5) the most protective requirements in the California Building Code, California Code of Regulations Title 24, Part 2, Chapter 7A, as required by the Local Jurisdiction.
1276.02 Ridgelines. (a) The Local Jurisdiction shall identify Strategic Ridgelines, if any, to reduce fire risk and improve fire protection through an assessment of the following factors: (1) Topography; (2) Vegetation; (3) Proximity to any existing or proposed residential, commercial, or industrial land uses; (4) Construction where mass grading may significantly alter the topography resulting in the elimination of Ridgeline fire risks;
(5) Ability to support effective fire suppression; and (6) Other factors, if any, deemed relevant by the Local Jurisdiction.
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APPENDIX H—REFERENCED CALIFORNIA DOCUMENTS
(b) Preservation of Undeveloped Ridgelines identified as strategically important shall be required pursuant to this section. (c) New Buildings on Undeveloped Ridgelines identified as strategically important are prohibited, as described in subsections (c)(1), (c)(2), and (c)(3). (1) New Residential Units are prohibited within or at the top of drainages or other topographic features common to Ridge- lines that act as chimneys to funnel convective heat from Wildfires. (2) Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to alter the extent to which utility infrastructure, including but not limited to wireless telecommunications facilities, as defined in Government Code section 65850.6, subdivision (d)(2), or Storage Group S or Utility and Miscellaneous Group U Structures, may be constructed on Undeveloped Ridgelines. (3) Local Jurisdictions may approve Buildings on Strategic Ridgelines where Development activities such as mass grading will significantly alter the topography that results in the elimination of Ridgeline fire risks. (d) The Local Jurisdiction may implement further specific requirements to preserve Undeveloped Ridgelines.
1276.03 Fuel breaks.
(a) When Building construction meets the following criteria, the Local Jurisdiction shall determine the need and location for Fuel Breaks in consultation with the Fire Authority: (1) the permitting or approval of three (3) or more new parcels, excluding lot line adjustments as specified in Government Code (GC) section 66412(d); or (2) an application for a change of zoning increasing zoning intensity or density; or (3) _an application for a change in use permit increasing use intensity or density.
CWUIC § 609.2.3 High relevance — show source text
609.2.3 Location of fuel breaks. Fuel breaks may be required at locations such as, but not limited to: (1) Directly adjacent to defensible space as defined by Title 14 CCR Section 1299.02 to reduce radiant and convective heat expo- sure and ember impacts, or support firefighting tactics. (2) Directly adjacent to roads to manage radiant and convective heat exposure and ember impacts, increase evacuation safety, or support firefighting tactics. (3) Directly adjacent to a hazardous land use to limit the spread of fire from such uses, reduce radiant and convective heat exposure, or support firefighting tactics. (4) Strategically located along ridgelines, in greenbelts, or in other locations to reduce radiant and convective heat exposure and ember impacts, or support community level firefighting tactics.
[CCR T14 §1276.03(d)]
609.2.4 Timing. Fuel breaks shall be completed prior to the commencement of any permitted construction. [CCR T14 §1276.03(e)]
609.2.5 Construction. Fuel breaks shall be constructed using the most ecologically and site appropriate treatment option, such as, but not limited to, prescribed burning, manual treatment, mechanical treatment, prescribed herbivory, and targeted ground applica- tion of herbicides. [CCR T14 §1276.03(f)]
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609.2.6 Maintenance of fuel breaks. Where a local jurisdiction requires fuel breaks, maintenance mechanisms shall be established to ensure the fire behavior objectives and thresholds are maintained over time.
The mechanisms required shall be binding upon the property for which the fuel break is established, shall ensure adequate main- tenance levels, and may include: written legal agreements; permanent fees, taxes, or assessments; assessments through a homeowners’ association; or other funding mechanisms. [CCR T14 §1276.03(g) and (h)]
609.2.7 Greenbelts, greenways, open spaces and parks. Where a greenbelt, greenway, open space, park, landscaped or natural area or portion thereof is intended to serve as a fuel break, the space or relevant portion thereof shall conform with the requirements in California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Section 1276.03. [CCR T14 §1276.04]
SECTION 610—FIRE SAFE DEVELOPMENT REGULATIONS
610.1 General. Pursuant to Public Resources Code, Section 4290, all residential, commercial and industrial building construction within state responsibility areas approved after January 1, 1991, and within lands classified and designated as an LRA Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone, as defined in subdivision (i) of Section 51177 of the Government Code after July 1, 2021, shall comply with the SRA Fire Safe Development Regulations as specified in Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 2.
CWUIC § 609.2.6 High relevance — show source text
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FIRE PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS
609.2.6 Maintenance of fuel breaks. Where a local jurisdiction requires fuel breaks, maintenance mechanisms shall be established to ensure the fire behavior objectives and thresholds are maintained over time.
The mechanisms required shall be binding upon the property for which the fuel break is established, shall ensure adequate main- tenance levels, and may include: written legal agreements; permanent fees, taxes, or assessments; assessments through a homeowners’ association; or other funding mechanisms. [CCR T14 §1276.03(g) and (h)]
609.2.7 Greenbelts, greenways, open spaces and parks. Where a greenbelt, greenway, open space, park, landscaped or natural area or portion thereof is intended to serve as a fuel break, the space or relevant portion thereof shall conform with the requirements in California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Section 1276.03. [CCR T14 §1276.04]
SECTION 610—FIRE SAFE DEVELOPMENT REGULATIONS
610.1 General. Pursuant to Public Resources Code, Section 4290, all residential, commercial and industrial building construction within state responsibility areas approved after January 1, 1991, and within lands classified and designated as an LRA Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone, as defined in subdivision (i) of Section 51177 of the Government Code after July 1, 2021, shall comply with the SRA Fire Safe Development Regulations as specified in Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 2.
610.2 Subdivision map findings. Pursuant to Government Code (GC), Section 66474.02, before approving a tentative map, or a parcel map for which a tentative map was not required, for an area located in an SRA or an LRA Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone, as both are defined in GC Section 51177, a legislative body of a county, except as provided in GC Section 66474.02(c), shall make findings regarding compliance with the SRA Fire Safe Regulations and the availability of structural fire protection and suppression services. These findings and accompanying map shall be transmitted to the Board of Forestry and Fire Protection and comply with the requirements in Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 1, Article 1.
SECTION 611—SUBDIVISION REVIEW SURVEY
611.1 Subdivision identification. Pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 4290.5 and Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 1, Article 2, the Board, in consultation with the Office of the State Fire Marshal, shall survey local governments to identify existing subdivi- sions, as defined in Article 2, located in an SRA area or an LRA Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone without a secondary egress route that is at significant fire risk.
611.2 Fire safety recommendations. The Board, in consultation with the Office of the State Fire Marshal and the local government that identified the subdivision, shall develop recommendations to improve the subdivision’s fire safety. The Board shall provide the final recommendations to the local government that identified the subdivision and to the residents of the subdivision.
CWUIC § 1276.04 High relevance — show source text
_ prescribed burning, manual treatment, mechanical treatment, prescribed herbivory, and targeted ground application of herbicides.
(g) Where a Local Jurisdiction requires Fuel Breaks, maintenance mechanisms shall be established to ensure the fire behavior objectives and thresholds are maintained over time. (h) The mechanisms required shall be binding upon the property for which the Fuel Break is established, shall ensure adequate maintenance levels, and may include written legal agreements; permanent fees, taxes, or assessments; assessments through a homeowners' association; or other funding mechanisms.
1276.04 Greenbelts, greenways, open spaces and parks. (a) Where a Greenbelt, Greenway, open space, park, landscaped or natural area, or portions thereof, is intended to serve as a Fuel Break, the space or relevant portion thereof shall conform with the requirements in § 1276.03 (Fuel Breaks).
1276.05 Disposal of flammable vegetation and fuels.
The disposal, including burning or removal to a site approved by the Local Jurisdiction, in consultation with the Fire Authority, of flam- mable vegetation and fuels caused by site construction, Road, and Driveway construction shall be in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations.
H104.2 Subchapter 3 Fire Hazard.
Article 3. Fire Hazard Reduction Around Buildings and Structures
1299.01 Purpose. The intent of this regulation is to provide guidance for implementation of Public Resources Code Section 4291 to improve safety for fire fighters defending a home as well as increase the survivability of a “Building or Structure” as defined, that exists in grass, brush, and forest covered lands within the designated State Responsibility Area (SRA) of California.
1299.02 Definitions. The following definitions apply to this article: (a) Defensible space. The buffer that landowners are required to create on their property between a “Building or Structure” and the plants, brush and trees or other items surrounding the “Building or Structure” that could ignite in the event of a fire.
APPENDIX H-16 2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE
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APPENDIX H—REFERENCED CALIFORNIA DOCUMENTS
(b) Building or Structure. Anything constructed that is designed or intended for support, enclosure, shelter, or protection of persons, animals, or property, having a permanent roof that is supported by walls or posts that connect to, or rest on the ground. (c) Outbuilding. Buildings or structures that are less than one hundred-twenty (120) square feet in size and not used for human habitation. For purposes of this Section, an “Outbuilding” is not a “Building or Structure” as defined in subsection (b) above.
1299.03 Requirements. Defensible space is required to be maintained at all times, whenever flammable vegetative conditions exist. One hundred feet (100 ft.) of defensible space clearance shall be maintained in two distinct “Zones” as follows: “Zone 1” extends thirty feet (30 ft.) out from each “Building or Structure,” or to the property line, whichever comes first; “Zone 2” extends from thirty feet (30 ft.) _to one hundred feet (100 ft.) from each “Building or Structure,” but not beyond the property line.
CWUIC § 13108.5 High relevance — show source text
As an integral part of fire safety stan-_ dards, the State Fire Marshal has the authority to adopt regulations for roof coverings and openings into the attic areas of buildings specified in Section 13108.5 of the Health and Safety Code. The regulations apply to the placement of mobile homes as defined by National Fire Protection Association standards. These regulations do not apply where an application for a build- ing permit was filed prior to January 1, 1991, or to parcel or tentative maps or other developments approved prior to January 1, 1991, if the final map for the tentative map is approved within the time prescribed by the local ordinance. The regulations shall include all of the following: (1) Road standards for fire equipment access. (2) Standards for signs identifying streets, roads, and buildings. (3) Minimum private water supply reserves for emergency fire use. (4) Fuel breaks and greenbelts. (b) The board shall, on and after July 1, 2021, periodically update regulations for fuel breaks and greenbelts near communities to provide greater fire safety for the perimeters to all residential, commercial, and industrial building construction within state responsibility areas and lands classified and designated as very high fire hazard severity zones, as defined in subdivision (i) of Section 51177 of the Government Code, after July 1, 2021. These regulations shall include measures to preserve undeveloped
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APPENDIX H—REFERENCED CALIFORNIA DOCUMENTS
ridgelines to reduce fire risk and improve fire protection. The board shall, by regulation, define “ridgeline” for purposes of this subdivision.
(c) These regulations do not supersede local regulations which equal or exceed minimum regulations adopted by the state. (d) The board may enter into contracts with technical experts to meet the requirements of this section.
4290.1.
(a) On or before July 1, 2022, the board shall develop criteria for and maintain a “Fire Risk Reduction Community” list of local agen- cies located in a state responsibility area or a very high fire hazard severity zone, identified pursuant to Section 51178 of the Government Code, that meet best practices for local fire planning. (b) The board shall consider all of the following when developing the criteria for the list required under subdivision (a): (1) Compliance with the board’s regulations, including minimum fire safety standards. (2) Participation in the National Fire Protection Association’s “Firewise USA” or the National Wildfire Coordinating Group’s “Fire Adapted Communities” programs. (3) Adoption of the board’s recommendations to improve the safety element pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 65302.5 of the Government Code.
(4) Recently developed or updated community wildfire protection plans. (c) The board shall post the “Fire Risk Reduction Community” list on its internet website.
4290.5.
CWUIC § 1270.02 High relevance — show source text
1270.02 Purpose. (a) Subchapter 2 has been prepared and adopted for the purpose of establishing state minimum Wildfire protection standards in conjunction with Building, construction, and Development in the State Responsibility Area (SRA) and, after July 1, 2021, the Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones, as defined in Government Code § 51177(i) (VHFHSZ). (b) The future design and construction of Structures, subdivisions and Developments in the SRA and, after July 1, 2021, the VHFHSZ shall provide for basic emergency access and perimeter Wildfire protection measures as specified in the following articles. (c) These standards shall provide for emergency access; signing and Building numbering; private water supply reserves for emer- gency fire use; vegetation modification, Fuel Breaks, Greenbelts, and measures to preserve Undeveloped Ridgelines. Subchapter 2 specifies the minimums for such measures.
1270.03 Scope. (a) Subchapter 2 shall apply to: (1) the perimeters and access to all residential, commercial, and industrial Building construction within the SRA approved after January 1, 1991, and those approved after July 1, 2021 within the VHFHSZ, except as set forth below in subsection (b). (2) the siting of newly installed commercial modulars, manufactured homes, mobilehomes, and factory-built housing, as defined in Health and Safety Code sections 18001.8, 18007, 18008, and 19971; (3) all tentative and parcel maps or other Developments approved after January 1, 1991; and (4) applications for Building permits on a parcel approved in a pre-1991 parcel or tentative map to the extent that conditions relating to the perimeters and access to the Buildings were not imposed as part of the approval of the parcel or tentative
map. (b) Subchapter 2 does not apply where an application for a Building permit is filed after January 1, 1991 for Building construction on a parcel that was formed from a parcel map or tentative map (if the final map for the tentative map is approved within the time prescribed by the local ordinance) approved prior to January 1, 1991, to the extent that conditions relating to the perime- ters and access to the Buildings were imposed by the parcel map or final tentative map approved prior to January 1, 1991.
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APPENDIX H—REFERENCED CALIFORNIA DOCUMENTS
(c) Affected activities include, but are not limited to: (1) permitting or approval of new parcels, excluding lot line adjustments as specified in Government Code (GC) section 66412(d); (2) application for a Building permit for new construction not relating to an existing Structure; (3) application for a use permit; (4) Road construction including construction of a Road that does not currently exist, or extension of an existing Road. (d) The standards in Subchapter 2 applicable to Roads shall not apply to Roads used solely for Agriculture; mining; or the manage- ment of timberland or harvesting of forest products.
_**1270.04 Provisions for application of these regulations.
CWUIC § 1.5 High relevance — show source text
_ (nn) Wildfire: Has the same meaning as “forest fire” in Public Resources Code Section 4103.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Division 1.5, §1270.02] Purpose. (a) Subchapter 2 has been prepared and adopted for the purpose of establishing state minimum Wildfire protection standards in conjunction with Building, construction and Development in the State Responsibility Area (SRA) and, after July 1, 2021, the Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones, as defined in Government Code § 51177(i) (VHFHSZ). (b) The future design and construction of Structures, subdivisions and Developments in the SRA and, after July 1, 2021, the VHFHSZ shall provide for basic emergency access and perimeter Wildfire protection measures as specified in the following articles. (c) These standards shall provide for emergency access; signing and Building numbering; private water supply reserves for emer- gency fire use; and vegetation modification, Fuel Breaks, Greenbelts, and measures to preserve Undeveloped Ridgelines. Subchapter 2 specifies the minimums for such measures.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Division 1.5, §1270.03] Scope. (a) Subchapter 2 shall apply to: (1) the perimeters and access to all residential, commercial and industrial Building construction within the SRA approved after January 1, 1991, and those approved after July 1, 2021, within the VHFHSZ, except as set forth below in subsection (b). (2) the siting of newly installed commercial modular, manufactured homes, mobile homes and factory-built housing, as defined in Health and Safety Code Sections 18001.8, 18007, 18008, and 19971; (3) all tentative and parcel maps or other Developments approved after January 1, 1991; and (4) applications for Building permits on a parcel approved in a pre-1991 parcel or tentative map to the extent that conditions relating to the perimeters and access to the buildings were not imposed as part of the approval of the parcel or tentative
map. (b) Subchapter 2 does not apply where an application for a Building permit is filed after January 1, 1991, for Building construction on a parcel that was formed from a parcel map or tentative map (if the final map for the tentative map is approved within the time prescribed by the local ordinance) approved prior to January 1, 1991, to the extent that conditions relating to the perime- ters and access to the Buildings were imposed by the parcel map or final tentative map approved prior to January 1, 1991. (c) Affected activities include, but are not limited to: (1) permitting or approval of new parcels, excluding lot line adjustments as specified in Government Code (GC) Section 66412(d); (2) application for a Building permit for new construction not relating to an existing Structure; (3) application for a use permit; (4) Road construction including the construction of a Road that does not currently exist, or extension of an existing Road. (d) The standards in Subchapter 2 applicable to Roads shall not apply to Roads used solely for Agriculture; mining; or the manage- ment of timberland or harvesting of forest products.
CWUIC § 607.1 High relevance — show source text
SECTION 607—STORAGE OF FIREWOOD AND COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS
607.1 General. Firewood and combustible material shall not be stored in unenclosed spaces beneath buildings or structures, or on decks or under eaves, canopies or other projections or overhangs. Firewood piles shall be located 30 feet (9144 mm) or more from structures unless completely covered by a fire-resistant material. Exposed wood piles located within the defensible space shall have a minimum clearance of 10 feet (3048 mm) down to bare mineral soil in all directions.
607.2 Storage for off-site use. Firewood and combustible materials not for consumption on the premises shall be stored so as to not pose a hazard. See Appendix A.
SECTION 608—BUILDING SITING AND SETBACKS
608.1 Intent. This section is intended to reduce the intensity of a Wildfire by reducing the volume and density of flammable vegetation around Development through strategic fuel modification, parcel siting, Building setbacks and the protection of Undeveloped Ridgelines, thus providing increased safety for emergency fire equipment and evacuating civilians, and a point of attack or defense from a Wildfire.
[CCR T14 §1276.00]
608.2 General. All parcels shall provide a minimum 30-foot (9144 mm) setback for all buildings from property lines and the center of a road, except as provided for in Section 608.2.1. [CCR T14 §1276.01(a)]
608.2.1 Setback reduction. A reduction in the minimum setback shall be based upon practical reasons, which may include but are not limited to, parcel dimensions or size; topographic limitations; Development density requirements or other Development patterns that promote low-carbon emission outcomes; sensitive habitat; or other site constraints, and shall provide for an alternative method to reduce structure-to-structure ignition by incorporating features such as, but not limited to: (1) Noncombustible block walls or fences; or
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FIRE PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS
(2) Noncombustible material extending 5 feet (1524 mm) horizontally from the furthest extent of the building; or (3) Hardscape landscaping; or (4) A reduction of exposed windows on the side of the structure with setback less than 30 feet (9144 mm); or (5) The most protective requirements in Chapter 5.
[CCR T14 §1276.01(b)]
SECTION 609—RIDGELINES, FUEL BREAKS AND GREENBELTS
609.1 Ridgelines.
(a)The Local Jurisdiction shall identify Strategic Ridgelines, if any, to reduce fire risk and improve fire protection through an assessment of the following factors: (1) Topography. (2) Vegetation. (3) Proximity to any existing or proposed residential, commercial or industrial land uses. (4) Construction where mass grading may significantly alter the topography resulting in the elimination of Ridgeline fire risks. (5) Ability to support effective fire suppression. (6) _Other factors, if any, deemed relevant by the local jurisdiction.
Frequently asked questions
When does a project trigger a fuel‑break review?
If the project involves permitting three or more new parcels, a zoning change that increases intensity/density, or a use permit that increases intensity/density — the Local Jurisdiction must consult the fire authority to determine fuel‑break need and location (§ 609.2) .
Who decides how wide or what method is used for a fuel break?
The Local Jurisdiction, in consultation with the fire authority, determines the location, design and treatment method; the code lists acceptable methods (prescribed burning, mechanical, manual, etc.) but does not mandate a single width (§ 609.2, § 609.2.5) .
Can a developer build on any ridgeline?
New buildings are generally prohibited on Undeveloped Ridgelines identified as strategically important; exceptions exist for certain utility infrastructure and when mass grading eliminates the ridgeline fire risk — see § 609.1 .
Does a greenbelt automatically count as a fuel break?
No. If a greenbelt (or park/open space) is intended to serve as a fuel break, it must conform to the fuel‑break requirements in § 609.2 (location, construction, and maintenance) — it is not automatically compliant (§ 609.2.7) .
How is long‑term maintenance enforced?
The Local Jurisdiction must require binding maintenance mechanisms (legal agreements, fees, HOA assessments, etc.) that remain with the property to maintain fuel‑break objectives over time (§ 609.2.6) .
More in California Wildland-Urban Interface Code
- Administration and Definitions
- Board of Appeals, Administration & Enforcement (permits, code official duties, appeals process)
- Wildland‑Urban Interface Area Designation & Mapping
- Fire Service Access & Water Supply (fire apparatus roads, driveways, hydrants, draft sites, standby power)
- Wildland‑Urban Interface Area Requirements (access, water, premises identification, key boxes)
- Referenced Standards & Test Methods
- Special Building Construction Regulations (ignition‑resistant construction, roof/vent/assembly requirements)
- Appendices and Model Ordinances (vegetation plans, severity‑zone adoption, home‑hardening guidance)
- Fire Protection Requirements (fire protection plans, systems, safety element provisions)
- Referenced California Documents & Matrix (CCR/Title 14 & 19 cross‑references, statutory references)
- Vegetation Management & Defensible Space (vegetation plans, maintenance, fire‑smart characteristics)
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