CRSC · California Referenced Standards Code

Which Part 12 standard covers materials and construction methods for exterior wildfire exposure?

Chapter 12-7A of the California Referenced Standards Code is the place to find wildfire-exposure test methods and performance requirements for exterior elements. Pick the element-specific SFM standard (for walls, windows, eaves/soffits, or decks), confirm the required burner output and exposure time in that §, and obtain a test report showing the assembly met the Conditions of Acceptance for that standard.

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Last reviewed: July 6, 2026

What the code requires — 2–4 sentences

The California Referenced Standards Code places the wildfire exterior materials and construction-method standards in Chapter 12-7A. The Chapter is organized into separate SFM standards that set test methods, performance criteria and acceptance conditions for specific exterior elements (exterior wall siding and sheathing; exterior windows; horizontal projection undersides such as eaves/soffits; decks) — see § 12-7A . The applicable individual standards are for siding/sheathing (§ 12-7A-1.1) , windows (§ 12-7A-2.1) , horizontal projections/soffits (§ 12-7A-3.1) and decking (§ 12-7A-4.1) .

The single most important rule: if a product or assembly is intended for exterior wildfire-exposure use in California, use the specific SFM standard in Chapter 12-7A that matches the element (siding, window, eave/soffit, deck) and meet that standard’s test method and Conditions of Acceptance (see the § listed for that element) .

Requirements in detail

How the Chapter is organized (what standard covers which element)

  • Exterior wall siding and sheathing — SFM Standard 12-7A-1: scope and direct-flame test for wall assemblies; see § 12-7A-1.1 and § 12-7A-1.2 .
    • Defined terms: Siding (cladding) and Sheathing are defined in § 12-7A-1.4 .
  • Exterior windows — SFM Standard 12-7A-2: window assembly wall-module test with a 150 kW burner and specific duration; see § 12-7A-2.1–2.8 .
    • Defined terms: Frame (Jambs), Glazing, Sash in § 12-7A-2.4 .
  • Horizontal projection underside (eaves/soffits) — SFM Standard 12-7A-3: tests for underside exposure using a 12×12 in burner and defined Conditions of Acceptance; see § 12-7A-3.1–3.10 .
    • Defined terms: Eaves and Soffit in § 12-7A-3.4 .
  • Decking — SFM Standard 12-7A-4 (and alternate 12-7A-4A): under-deck flame and burning-brand tests; see § 12-7A-4.1–4.8.5 and § 12-7A-4A .
    • Defined term: Deck boards in § 12-7A-4.4 .

Decision-relevant dimensions / values (quick reference table)

Element / test Key test parameter(s) (decision-relevant) Typical test duration / observation Code Reference
Exterior wall (direct flame) Gas burner producing 150 kW (8535 Btu/min) 10 min flame exposure; observation period/conditions up to 70 min for glow/penetration checks § 12-7A-1.5, § 12-7A-1.11
Exterior window assembly 150 kW diffusion burner; burner centered under window (fixture limits) 8 min direct flame exposure required to pass; monitored until flame-through if earlier § 12-7A-2.5–2.8
Horizontal projection underside (eaves/soffit) 12×12 in (300×300 mm) diffusion burner applied to underside Test and observation up to 40 min; Conditions require no flame penetration, no structural failure, no sustained combustion at end § 12-7A-3.5, § 12-7A-3.10
Decking (under-deck flame / burning brand) Under-deck burner & burning-brand exposures per ASTM E108 reprint; heat release or visual degradation metrics 40 min exposure/observation; Conditions: no sustained flaming/glow at conclusion and no burning particles that reach burner/floor § 12-7A-4.2, § 12-7A-4.8.5
Decking (Alternate method A) 24×24 in test deck specimen; specified joist spacing, board length, fastening per manufacturer 40 min (same performance outcomes) § 12-7A-4A

Notes: Each SFM standard lists required specimen sizes, burner locations, test apparatus and reporting elements; consult the specific § for construction or installation details (e.g., mounting, sealing, and fixture limits) .

Exceptions & special cases

  • The CRSC SFM standards often reference other documents as part of the test method (for example, ASTM E108 and relevant ASTM moisture-content methods) — follow the referenced document where the standard points to it § 12-7A-1.3, § 12-7A-4.3 .
  • Some standards include alternate test methods (e.g., SFM 12-7A-4A for decking alternate method A) — acceptability can be shown by meeting the alternate standard’s Conditions of Acceptance § 12-7A-4A.1–4A.5 .
  • Where three replicates are required, failing one of three may trigger three additional tests and all additional tests must pass to establish acceptance — see the repeated Conditions/replicate rule in multiple SFM standards (example: § 12-7A-1.11, § 12-7A-4.8.5) .
  • The California Building Code notes that Part 7 (CBC Chapter 7A) contains WUI provisions and is cross-referenced; users must confirm whether Part 7 or a local adoption changes applicable requirements for a particular project location (CBC 7A cross-reference in the CRSC) .

If any specific test detail or an acceptance criterion you need is not present in the extracted snippets above, consult the referenced § text itself — do not assume omitted sub-clauses.

Common mistakes

  • Assuming a single Chapter 12-7A standard covers all exterior elements. In fact, you must pick the element-specific standard: walls (12-7A-1), windows (12-7A-2), eaves/soffits (12-7A-3), decks (12-7A-4 / 4A) — see § 12-7A and individual §§ above .
  • Overlooking required burner output or duration: e.g., windows and walls use a 150 kW burner and specific exposure durations (walls: 10 min flame exposure; windows: 8 min to pass) — those numeric thresholds determine acceptance § 12-7A-1.5, § 12-7A-2.5–2.8 .
  • Failing to report required test data: CRSC standards require detailed reporting (specimen construction details, moisture content of wood elements, number of specimens, times and locations of penetration, etc.) — see reporting requirements for each SFM standard § 12-7A-1.10, § 12-7A-2.6, § 12-7A-4.8.4 .
  • Using manufacturer installation practices that differ from the tested assembly without verifying equivalence — the test reports must include installation details and limitations § 12-7A-1.10 .

Worked example — concrete scenario

Scenario: You are specifying a replacement window for a house in a Wildland-Urban Interface area. The project code official requires the window assembly to meet the CRSC wildfire exterior window standard.

  1. Identify the controlling standard: SFM Standard 12-7A-2 — see § 12-7A-2.1 .
  2. Note the required test apparatus and acceptance thresholds: the window test uses a 150 kW diffusion burner and to pass the standard the assembly must withstand 8 minutes of direct flame exposure with no flame penetration or structural failure for the duration (see § 12-7A-2.5–2.8) .
  3. Practical steps:
    • Obtain the test report for the specific window product showing it was tested per § 12-7A-2 and that the report documents the test configuration, frame materials, glazing type and the 8-minute no-penetration result (see reporting requirement § 12-7A-2.6) .
    • If the tested window width exceeds the test fixture limit (the test fixture restricts window width), confirm the manufacturer’s data or additional testing (test module limit noted in § 12-7A-2.6.1) .
    • If the test report shows flame-through at 6 minutes, the product does not meet § 12-7A-2.8 and cannot be used to claim compliance under this standard .

Outcome: Only a window assembly with a compliant test report showing no flame penetration or structural failure for the full 8 minutes per § 12-7A-2.8 meets the CRSC window standard for wildfire exposure .

Related provisions

  • § 12-7A-1.1 — Application for exterior wall siding and sheathing standards (SFM 12-7A-1)
  • § 12-7A-1.5 — Summary of the wall direct-flame test method (heat output and duration)
  • § 12-7A-1.11 — Conditions of Acceptance and replicate test rules for walls
  • § 12-7A-2.1 — Application and scope for exterior window assemblies (SFM 12-7A-2)
  • § 12-7A-2.8 — Window Conditions of Acceptance (8-minute no-penetration requirement)
  • § 12-7A-3.1 — Application and scope for horizontal projection underside (eaves/soffits) (SFM 12-7A-3)
  • § 12-7A-3.10 — Eaves Conditions of Acceptance (40-minute criteria)
  • § 12-7A-4.1 — Application for decking standards (SFM 12-7A-4) and § 12-7A-4.8.5 — decking Conditions of Acceptance (40 min)
  • CBC Chapter 7A (Part 7) — cross-referenced for WUI provisions (see CRSC references to CBC 7A in the SFM standards)

Code references

Grounded in the retrieved California Referenced Standards Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

  • CRSC § 5.3. High relevance — show source text

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    MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS FOR EXTERIOR WILDFIRE EXPOSURE

    5.3. Continued combustion. If penetration does not occur, continue observation for an additional 30 minutes or until all combustion has ceased.

    Note: An infrared thermometer has been found to be useful to detect the increase of temperature on the back side of the eaves and as an aid to identify the areas of potential combustion. 6. Observations. Note the time, location and nature of flame penetration.

    12-7A-3.9 Report. The report shall include a description of the eaves material, details of the construction of the eaves, moisture content of the framing and wood-based soffit elements as applicable, and point of flame penetration. Provide details on the time and reasons for early termination of the test.

    12-7A-3.10 Conditions of Acceptance. Should one of the three replicates fail to meet the Conditions of Acceptance, three additional tests may be run. All of the additional tests must meet the Conditions of Acceptance.

    1. Absence of flame penetration of the eaves or horizontal projection assembly at any time.
    2. Absence of structural failure of the eaves or horizontal projection subassembly at any time.
    3. Absence of sustained combustion of any kind at the conclusion of the 40-minute test.

    FIGURE 1 — EAVES TEST ASSEMBLY

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    MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS FOR EXTERIOR WILDFIRE EXPOSURE

    DECKING

    SFM STANDARD 12-7A-4

    12-7A-4.1 Application. The minimum design, construction and performance standards set forth herein for unloaded decks are those deemed necessary to establish conformance to the provisions of these regulations. Materials and assemblies that meet the performance criteria of this standard are acceptable for use as defined in California Building Standards Code.

    12-7A-4.2 Scope. This standard evaluates the performance of decks (or other horizontal ancillary structures in close proximity to primary structures) when exposed to direct flames and brands. The under-deck flame exposure test is intended to determine the heat release rate (HRR) and degradation modes of deck or other horizontal boards when exposed to a burner flame simulating combustibles beneath a deck. The burning brand exposure test is intended to determine the degradation modes of deck or other horizontal boards when exposed to a burning brand on the upper surface.

    12-7A-4.3 Referenced document.

    1. ASTM D4444, Test Methods for Use and Calibration of Hand-Held Moisture Meters.

    2. ASTM E108, Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings.

    3. California Building Code, Chapter 7A.

    4. UL 790, Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings.

    12-7A-4.4 Definitions.

    1. Deck boards. Horizontal members that constitute the exposed surface of the ancillary structure.
    2. Deck surface area. The test specimen area defined by the overall specimen length and width after assembly.
    3. Heat release rate. The net rate of energy release as measured by oxygen depletion calorimetry.

    **12-7A-4.5 Test assembly.

  • CRSC § 12-7 High relevance — show source text
    1. When tested as follows, flames shall not reach the top edge of the specimen. The test shall be conducted in a draft free area, on a specimen of the material 12 inches by 12 inches (305 mm by 305 mm) suspended at a 45-degree angle from the horizontal with the upper and lower edges in a horizontal plane. The test flame shall be 3 inches (76 mm) long from a Bunsen burner of approximately [1] / 2 -inch (13 mm) inside diameter with the air supply completely shut off. The burner shall be positioned so that its top is 1 inch (25 mm) vertically below a point on the lower surface of the test specimen, 1 inch (25 mm) up from its lower horizontal edge and midway between the inclined edges. The exposure to the test flame and the duration of test shall be for a period of 2 minutes.

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    12-7A MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS

    FOR EXTERIOR WILDFIRE EXPOSURE

    EXTERIOR WALL SIDING AND SHEATHING

    SFM STANDARD 12-7A-1

    12-7A-1.1 Application. The minimum design, construction and performance standards set forth herein for exterior wall siding and sheathing are those deemed necessary to establish conformance to the provisions of these regulations. Materials and assemblies that meet the performance criteria of this standard are acceptable for use as defined in California Building Standards Code.

    12-7A-1.2 Scope. This standard evaluates the performance of exterior walls of structures when exposed to direct flames.

    12-7A-1.3 Referenced documents.

    1. ASTM E2257, Test Method for Room Fire Test of Wall and Ceiling Materials and Assemblies.

    2. ASTM D4442, Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-Base Materials.

    3. ASTM D4444, Test Methods for Use and Calibration of Hand-Held Moisture Meters.

    4. California Building Code, Chapter 7A.

    12-7A-1.4 Definitions.

    1. Siding (cladding). Any material that constitutes the exposed exterior covering of an exterior wall and is applied over sheathing or is directly attached to the wall structural system.
    2. Sheathing. The material placed on an exterior wall beneath cladding or siding and is directly attached to the wall structural system.

    12-7A-1.5 Summary of test method.

    1. Direct flame exposure. This test method provides for the direct flame exposure of a wall specimen to a flame source centered at the base of a 4-foot by 8-foot (1220 mm by 2440 mm) test assembly.
    2. Gas burner. The method employs a gas burner to produce a diffusion flame in contact with the test wall assembly.
    3. Heat output. The gas burner produces a prescribed net rate of heat output of 8535 Btu/min (150 kW) for a period of 10 minutes, after which the flame exposure is terminated.
    4. Resistance to fire penetration. The test method measures the ability of the wall system to resist fire penetration from the exterior to the unexposed side of the test assembly under the conditions of exposure.
  • CRSC § 12-7 High relevance — show source text

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    MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS FOR EXTERIOR WILDFIRE EXPOSURE

    12-7A-1.10 Report. The report shall include the following:

    1. Name and address of the testing laboratory.

    2. Name and address of test sponsor.

    3. Description of the test specimen including construction details of the wall system, including details of individual components (such as type, thickness and installation method of any sheathing) and the manufacturer’s installation details and limitations as applicable.

    4. Number of specimens tested.

    5. Description of weathering, as applicable.

    6. Moisture content of hygroscopic elements of wall system construction at the time of testing.

    7. Details of the burner verification, including heat supply rate.

    8. Date of test, test identification number and date of report.

    9. The test results shall include:

    9.1. A notation of the time and location of sustained flaming on the unexposed side of the test specimen during the test, along with the sequence number of the test specimen. 9.2. A determination of the presence of glow on the unexposed side of the test specimen at the end of the 60-minute observation period. 9.3. Observations of the burning characteristics of the exposed surface of the test wall during and after the flame

    exposure.

    12-7A-1.11 Conditions of Acceptance. Should one of the three replicates fail to meet the Conditions of Acceptance, three additional tests may be run. All of the additional tests must meet the Conditions of Acceptance.

    1. Absence of flame penetration through the wall assembly at any time.
    2. Absence of evidence of glowing combustion on the interior surface of the assembly at the end of the 70-minute test.

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    EXTERIOR WINDOWS

    SFM STANDARD 12-7A-2

    12-7A-2.1 Application. Exterior window assemblies that meet the performance criteria of this standard are acceptable for use as defined in the California Building Standards Code.

    12-7A-2.2 Scope. This standard evaluates the performance of exterior windows used in structures when exposed to direct flames.

    12-7A-2.3 Referenced documents.

    1. AAMA (for definitions) Training Manual, Residential & Light Commercial Window and Door Installation Training and Registration Program.
    2. CAWM 400-95, Standard Practice for Installation of Windows with Integral Mounting Flange in Wood Frame Construction.

    12-7A-2.4 Definitions.

    1. Frame (Jambs). This usually consists of two vertical members (side jambs) and two horizontal members (head and sill) that hold the sash. Frames and sash are typically made of steel, aluminum, vinyl, fiberglass, wood or a combination of these materials.

    2. Glazing. The glass in a window. It may include layers of plastic as well as glass.

    3. Sash. The fixed or movable parts of the window in which the panes of glass are set.

    12-7A-2.5 Test apparatus.

    1. Wall assembly test module. The module is designed to permit rapid installation and removal of window/wall assemblies, and is designed to prevent edge penetration of fire at the margins.
  • CRSC § 12-3 High relevance — show source text

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    PART 12 CROSS REFERENCE TABLE

    (Cross reference table is nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user.)

    PART 12
    STANDARD    		 SUBJECT ADOPTING
    AGENCY    		 ASSOCIATED TITLE 24
    BUILDING STANDARD
    Chapter 12-3 Releasing systems for security bars in
    dwellings    		 SFM Part 2, Sections 1031.2.1, 1031.6, 1032.7
    Part 2.5, Sections R319.1.1 and R319.4.4
    Part 9, Sections 1031.2.1, 1031.6, 1032.7
    Appendix 4 Section 452.1.5 and Title 19 provisions 4.1, 4.2, 4.3,
    4.4, 4.5, 4.6 reprinted in Part 9
    Part 10, Section 505.4
    Chapter 12-4A Laboratory animal quarters standards DPH Part 2, Section 1236
    Chapter 12-4-1 Stage and Platforms SFM Part 2, Sections 410.2.7, 410.2.7.1, 410.2.7.2
    Part 9, Sections 105.6.51, 4809
    Chapter 12-7-1 Fire-resistive standards. Fire tests of building
    construction and materials.    		 SFM Part 2, Section 703
    Chapter 12-7-2 Reserved
    Chapter 12-7-3 Fire-resistive standards.
    Fire testing furnaces.    		 SFM Part 9, Section 3001
    Chapter 12-7-4 Fire-resistive standards.
    Fire door assembly tests.    		 SFM Part 2, Section 716
    Chapter 12-7-5 Fire-resistive standards. Interior
    finish of decorative material.    		 SFM Part 2, Chapter 8
    Part 9, Chapter 8
    Chapter 12-7A Materials and construction methods for
    exterior wildfire exposure    		 SFM Part 7, Chapter 5
    Chapter 12-8-1 Fire-resistive standards for fire protection SFM Part 2, Sections 408.14 and 435.6.2
    Appendix 12-8-1A Calculation of the total rate of heat and carbon
    monoxide or carbon dioxide production    		 SFM
    Appendix 12-8-1B Guide to mounting techniques for wall and
    ceiling interior finish material    		 SFM
    Chapter 12-10-1 Exits. Power-operated exit doors. SFM Part 2, Sections 408.4.2, 1010.1.4.2, 1010.1.9.1
    Chapter 12-10-2 Exits. Single-point latching or locking devices. SFM Part 2, Section 1010.2.2
    Part 9, Section 1010.2.2
    Chapter 12-10-3 Exits. Emergency exit and panic hardware.
  • CRSC § 12-7 High relevance — show source text

    Fire tests of building
    construction and materials.|SFM|Part 2, Section 703| |Chapter 12-7-2|Reserved||| |Chapter 12-7-3|Fire-resistive standards.
    Fire testing furnaces.|SFM|Part 9, Section 3001| |Chapter 12-7-4|Fire-resistive standards.
    Fire door assembly tests.|SFM|Part 2, Section 716| |Chapter 12-7-5|Fire-resistive standards. Interior
    finish of decorative material.|SFM|Part 2, Chapter 8
    Part 9, Chapter 8| |Chapter 12-7A|Materials and construction methods for
    exterior wildfire exposure|SFM|Part 7, Chapter 5| |Chapter 12-8-1|Fire-resistive standards for fire protection|SFM|Part 2, Sections 408.14 and 435.6.2| |Appendix 12-8-1A|Calculation of the total rate of heat and carbon
    monoxide or carbon dioxide production|SFM|| |Appendix 12-8-1B|Guide to mounting techniques for wall and
    ceiling interior finish material|SFM|| |Chapter 12-10-1|Exits. Power-operated exit doors.|SFM|Part 2, Sections 408.4.2, 1010.1.4.2, 1010.1.9.1| |Chapter 12-10-2|Exits. Single-point latching or locking devices.|SFM|Part 2, Section 1010.2.2
    Part 9, Section 1010.2.2| |Chapter 12-10-3|Exits. Emergency exit and panic hardware.
    |SFM|Part 9, Section 1009.12| |Chapter 12-11A,
    12-11B|Detectable warning products and directional
    surfaces|DSA|Part 2, Sections 1112A.9, 1116A.5, 11B-247,
    11B-406.5.12, 11B-705, 11B-810.5.2| |Chapter 12-12|Reserved||| |Chapter 12-13|Standards for insulating material|CA/SFM|Part 2.5, Section R302.10.1
    Part 6, Section 110.8
    Part 9, Section 720, Table 721.1(1)
    Part 11, Section A5.504.4.8| |Chapter 12-16-1|California standard for earthquake-actuated
    automatic gas shutoff systems|DSA|Part 2, Chapters 16 and 16A
    Part 5, Section 1211.8| |Chapter 12-16-2|California standard for residential excess flow
    actuated automatic gas shutoff valves|DSA|Part 5, Section 1209.1| |Chapter 12-31C|Radiation shielding|DPH|Part 2, Section 3102C| |Chapter 12-71|Air filters|SFM|Part 4, Sections 401.2, 509.2.3, 509.2.3.4
    Part 6, Section 120.1| |Chapter 12-72-1|Protective signaling systems.
    Standard test procedures.|SFM|| |Chapter 12-72-2|Protective signaling systems.

  • CRSC § 12-7 High relevance — show source text

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    MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS FOR EXTERIOR WILDFIRE EXPOSURE

    EXTERIOR WINDOWS

    SFM STANDARD 12-7A-2

    12-7A-2.1 Application. Exterior window assemblies that meet the performance criteria of this standard are acceptable for use as defined in the California Building Standards Code.

    12-7A-2.2 Scope. This standard evaluates the performance of exterior windows used in structures when exposed to direct flames.

    12-7A-2.3 Referenced documents.

    1. AAMA (for definitions) Training Manual, Residential & Light Commercial Window and Door Installation Training and Registration Program.
    2. CAWM 400-95, Standard Practice for Installation of Windows with Integral Mounting Flange in Wood Frame Construction.

    12-7A-2.4 Definitions.

    1. Frame (Jambs). This usually consists of two vertical members (side jambs) and two horizontal members (head and sill) that hold the sash. Frames and sash are typically made of steel, aluminum, vinyl, fiberglass, wood or a combination of these materials.

    2. Glazing. The glass in a window. It may include layers of plastic as well as glass.

    3. Sash. The fixed or movable parts of the window in which the panes of glass are set.

    12-7A-2.5 Test apparatus.

    1. Wall assembly test module. The module is designed to permit rapid installation and removal of window/wall assemblies, and is designed to prevent edge penetration of fire at the margins. It includes two noncombustible side walls attached to a wall frame assembly, and a simulated soffit that is also noncombustible. The assembly permits a prefabricated 4 × 8 ft (1.2 × 2.4 m) wall section containing the test window to be inserted from the rear and sealed in such a way that the edges are protected from fire (see Figure 1).
    2. Burner. A 4 × 39 inch (100 × 1000 mm) diffusion burner shall be used. Natural gas, methane or propane shall be supplied to the burner through a metered control system. The gas supply to the burner shall produce a net heat output of 150 ± 4 kW throughout the flame exposure. Burner output can be determined from HRR or calculated from the gas flow rate, temperature and pressure.
    3. Burner location. The burner shall be positioned so that it is centered relative to the width of the wall assembly and against the wall. The distance from the floor to the top of the burner shall be 12 inches (300 mm).

    12-7A-2.6 Test assembly.

    1. Window. The window width cannot exceed 3 feet (900 mm) due to the limitations of the test fixture. The burner’s flame shall cover the full width of the window sill. The distance from top of the burner to bottom of window will be 8 inches (200 mm).
  • CRSC § 12-7 High relevance — show source text

    Note the time elapsed and location of penetration if it occurs. 4. Report. Report a description of the window unit, including the types of frames, cladding and panes being tested and details of the installation. Record when and how the glass breaks or flame-through occurs in the framing materials or sash, and/or

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    if the framing material deforms or otherwise suffers a loss of integrity such that the glass cannot be held in place, and a record of the time at which any of these events occur.

    12-7A-2.8 Conditions of Acceptance.

    1. Duration of direct flame exposure. To pass this test standard, the window and window assembly shall withstand 8 minutes of direct flame exposure with the absence of flame penetration through the window frame or pane, or structural failure of the window frame or pane.
    2. Flame penetration or structural failure. Flame penetration or structural failure of the flame or pane anytime during the test constitutes failure of this test standard.

    FIGURE 1 — SCHEMATIC OF THE WALL ASSEMBLY Test Module used for evaluating the fire performance of a window.

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    MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS FOR EXTERIOR WILDFIRE EXPOSURE

    HORIZONTAL PROJECTION UNDERSIDE

    SFM STANDARD 12-7A-3

    12-7A-3.1 Application. The minimum design, construction and performance standards set forth herein for the exposed underside of horizontal projections such as the horizontal soffits of roof eaves, floor projections and exposed underfloor areas are those deemed necessary to establish conformance to the provisions of these regulations. Materials and assemblies that meet the performance criteria of this standard are acceptable for use as defined in the California Building Standards Code.

    12-7A-3.2 Scope. This standard evaluates the fire-resistive performance of horizontal projection assemblies including the horizontal soffits of roof eaves, floor projections and exposed underfloor areas when subjected to direct flame exposure to the underside of a horizontal projection.

    12-7A-3.3 Referenced documents.

    1. ASTM D4442, Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-Base Materials.

    2. ASTM D4444, Test Methods for Use and Calibration of Hand-Held Moisture Meters.

    3. California Building Code, Chapter 7A.

    12-7A-3.4 Definitions.

    1. Eaves. A projecting edge of a roof that extends beyond the supporting wall as in CBC 702A “Roof Eave” or similar horizontal projection assembly.
    2. Soffit. The enclosed underside of any exterior overhanging section of a roof eave or similar horizontal projection assembly (see CBC 702A “Roof Eave Soffit”).

    12-7A-3.5 Equipment.

    1. Burner. A 12 by 12-inch (300 by 300 mm) diffusion burner shall be used. Natural gas, methane or propane shall be supplied to the burner through a metered control system.
  • CRSC § 12-7 High relevance — show source text

    12-7A-4.8.4 Report. The report shall include description of the deck board material, and the time of any degradation (accelerated combustion, board collapse, flaming drops or particles falling from the deck).

    12-7A-4.8.5 Conditions of Acceptance. Should one of the three replicates fail to meet the Conditions of Acceptance, three additional tests may be run. All of the additional tests must meet the Conditions of Acceptance:

    1. Absence of sustained flaming or glowing combustion of any kind at the conclusion of the 40-minute observation period.
    2. Absence of falling particles that are still burning when reaching the burner or floor.

    FIGURE 1 — DECK TEST ASSEMBLY (UNDER DECK-FLAME)

    FIGURE 2 — DECK TEST ASSEMBLY (BURNING-BRAND)

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    MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS FOR EXTERIOR WILDFIRE EXPOSURE

    DECKING ALTERNATE METHOD A

    SFM STANDARD 12-7A-4A

    12-7A-4A.1 Application. The minimum design, construction and performance standards set forth herein for unloaded decks are those deemed necessary to establish conformance to the provisions of these regulations. Materials and assemblies that meet the performance criteria of this standard are acceptable for use as defined in the California Building Standards Code.

    12-7A-4A.2 Scope. This standard evaluates the performance of decks (or other horizontal ancillary structures in close proximity to primary structures) when exposed to direct flames and brands. The under-deck flame exposure test is intended to determine the heat release rate (HRR) and degradation modes of deck or other horizontal boards when exposed to a burner flame simulating combustibles beneath a deck. The burning brand exposure test is intended to determine the degradation modes of deck or other horizontal boards when exposed to a burning brand on the upper surface.

    12-7A-4A.3 Referenced document.

    1. ASTM E108. Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings.
    2. California Building Code, Chapter 7A.

    12-7A-4A.4 Definitions.

    1. Deck boards. Horizontal members that constitute the exposed surface of the ancillary structure.
    2. Heat release rate. The net rate of energy release as measured by oxygen depletion calorimetry.

    12-7A-4A.5 Test assembly.

    1. Size. The overall size of the test deck shall be nominally 24 x 24 inches (610 x 610 mm) unless width variation of deck boards requires an increase in overall deck width (i.e., the direction of joists) in order to meet the overall dimensions. The length of individual deck boards shall be 24 inches (610 mm).
    2. Joists. The deck is supported by two nominal 2 x 6 Douglas-fir joists running perpendicular to the deck boards, and constructed with a 16-inch (406 mm) center-to-center spacing. A comparable species that may be more commonly used for structural framing of decks in a given region can be substituted for Douglas-fir.
    3. Deck board spacing and fastening. Edge-to-edge spacing and method of attachment shall conform to the manufacturer’s installation recommendations.
  • CRSC § 2.2. High relevance — show source text

    2.2. Gypsum board for mounting around the window once it is installed; 2.3. Pieces of gypsum cut into narrow strips for use as trim around the window; 2.4. Caulk to be used as per the window manufacturer's instructions. 3. Wall assembly. A noncombustible wall shall be used with a manufacturer or code-specified opening for the particular window. Install window in framed rough opening following manufacturer guidelines. Apply manufacturer-recommended caulk to nailing flange prior to installation. Use narrow strips of gypsum board as trim around window, covering the nail flange of the window. Any type of framing material may be tested. 3.1. Fit the window test assembly into the rear wall of the Wall Assembly Test Module, sealing all edges, including the soffit-to-wall joint. Ceramic wool or comparable material shall be used for sealing.

    12-7A-2.7 Conduct of tests.

    1. Burner output verification. Without the window in place, set the burner for 150 kW output. Conduct a verification run of 3 minutes to assure the heat release rate, and then turn off the burner.

    2. Test. Place the burner against the wall assembly at the center. Ignite the burner at the 150 kW output and control during the test for constant and uniform output. Optional radiometers can be placed behind the Wall Assembly Test Module to measure heat flux through the window glass.

    3. Duration and observations. The test shall be continued until flame-through occurs at the window. Flame-through can occur at the glass (glazing) and/or in the frame. At this point, the burner shall be extinguished and the assembly monitored for sustained combustion. Note the time elapsed and location of penetration if it occurs.

    4. Report. Report a description of the window unit, including the types of frames, cladding and panes being tested and details of the installation. Record when and how the glass breaks or flame-through occurs in the framing materials or sash, and/or

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    MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS FOR EXTERIOR WILDFIRE EXPOSURE

    if the framing material deforms or otherwise suffers a loss of integrity such that the glass cannot be held in place, and a record of the time at which any of these events occur.

    12-7A-2.8 Conditions of Acceptance.

    1. Duration of direct flame exposure. To pass this test standard, the window and window assembly shall withstand 8 minutes of direct flame exposure with the absence of flame penetration through the window frame or pane, or structural failure of the window frame or pane.
    2. Flame penetration or structural failure. Flame penetration or structural failure of the flame or pane anytime during the test constitutes failure of this test standard.

    FIGURE 1 — SCHEMATIC OF THE WALL ASSEMBLY Test Module used for evaluating the fire performance of a window.

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    MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS FOR EXTERIOR WILDFIRE EXPOSURE

    HORIZONTAL PROJECTION UNDERSIDE

    SFM STANDARD 12-7A-3

  • CRSC § 12-7 High relevance — show source text

    CHAPTER 12-7-1 FIRE-RESISTIVE STANDARDS. . . . . . . . . . 13

    CHAPTER 12-7-2 FIRE-RESISTIVE STANDARDS

    RESERVED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

    CHAPTER 12-7-3 FIRE-RESISTIVE STANDARDS. . . . . . . . . . 25

    CHAPTER 12-7-4 FIRE-RESISTIVE STANDARDS. . . . . . . . . . 31

    CHAPTER 12-7-5 FIRE-RESISTIVE STANDARDS. . . . . . . . . . 35

    CHAPTER 12-7A MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION

    METHODS FOR EXTERIOR WILDFIRE

    EXPOSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

    CHAPTER 12-8-1 FIRE-RESISTIVE STANDARDS FOR

    FIRE PROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

    APPENDIX 12-8-1A CALCULATION OF THE TOTAL RATE

    OF HEAT AND CARBON MONOXIDE OR

    CARBON DIOXIDE PRODUCTION . . . . . . . 63

    APPENDIX 12-8-1B GUIDE TO MOUNTING TECHNIQUES FOR

    WALL AND CEILING INTERIOR FINISH

    MATERIAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

    CHAPTER 12-10-1 EXITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

    CHAPTER 12-10-2 EXITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

    CHAPTER 12-10-3 EXITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

    CHAPTERS 12-11A AND 12-11B

    BUILDING AND FACILITY ACCESS

    SPECIFICATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

    CHAPTER 12-12 RESERVED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

    CHAPTER 12-13 STANDARDS FOR INSULATING

    MATERIAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

    CHAPTER 12-16-1 ENGINEERING REGULATIONS—QUALITY

    AND DESIGN OF THE MATERIALS OF

    CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

    CHAPTER 12-16-2 ENGINEERING REGULATIONS—QUALITY

    AND DESIGN OF THE MATERIALS OF

    CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

  • CRSC § 7-100 High relevance — show source text

    7-100 2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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    7A MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS FOR EXTERIOR WILDFIRE

    EXPOSURE

    User notes:

    Provisions for Materials and Construction Methods for Exterior Wildfire Exposure are now located in Part 7, California Wildland-Urban Interface Code. See Section 101.4.8 Wildland-Urban Interface.

    The provisions of Part 7, the California Wildland-Urban Interface Code, shall apply to buildings and structures located in the wildland-urban interface (WUI) or Fire Hazard Severity Zone.

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    7A-2 2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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    CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE

    CHAPTER 8 – INTERIOR FINISHES

    (Matrix Adoption Tables are nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user. See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

    Adopting agency BSC BSC-
    CG    		 SFM HCD Col6 Col7 DSA Col9 Col10 OSHPD Col12 Col13 Col14 Col15 Col16 Col17 BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC
    Adopting agency BSC BSC-
    CG    		 SFM 1 2 1/AC AC SS SS/CC 1 1R 2 3 4 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
    Adopt entire chapter X X X X X X X X X X X X
    Adopt entire chapter as
    amended (amended sections
    listed below)    		 X
    Adopt only those sections
    that are listed below    		 X
    Chapter / Section
    801.1 X
    Table 803.13 X
    804.1 X
    804.4 X
    804.4.1 X
    804.4.2 X
    804.4.3 X
    806.4 X
    806.
  • CRSC § 602.4.2.2 High relevance — show source text

    Where multiple layers are required, each layer shall repeat this process. 7. All panels installed at a wall-to-wall intersection shall be installed such that the panels covering an exterior wall or a wall with a greater fire-resistance rating shall be installed first and the panels covering the other wall shall be fitted tight to the panel covering the first wall. Where multiple layers are required, each layer shall repeat this process. 8. Panel edges of the face layer shall be taped and finished with joint compound. Fastener heads shall be covered with joint compound. 9. Panel edges protecting mass timber elements adjacent to unprotected mass timber elements in accordance with Section 602.4.2.2 shall be covered with 1 [1] / 4 -inch (32 mm) metal corner bead and finished with joint compound.

    722.7.2.2 Exterior surfaces. Layers of Type X gypsum board serving as noncombustible protection for the outside of the exterior mass timber walls determined in accordance with Table 722.7.1(1) shall be fastened 12 inches (305 mm) on center each way and 6 inches (152 mm) on center at all joints or ends. All panel edges shall be attached with fasteners located at least 1 inch (25 mm) but not more than 2 inches (51 mm) from the panel edge. Fasteners shall comply with one of the following:

    1. Galvanized nails of minimum 12 gage with a [7] / 16 -inch (11 mm) head of sufficient length to penetrate the mass timber a minimum of 1 inch (25 mm).
    2. Screws that comply with ASTM C1002 (Type S, W or G) of sufficient length to penetrate the mass timber a minimum of 1 inch (25 mm).

    7-100 2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    7A MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS FOR EXTERIOR WILDFIRE

    EXPOSURE

    User notes:

    Provisions for Materials and Construction Methods for Exterior Wildfire Exposure are now located in Part 7, California Wildland-Urban Interface Code. See Section 101.4.8 Wildland-Urban Interface.

    The provisions of Part 7, the California Wildland-Urban Interface Code, shall apply to buildings and structures located in the wildland-urban interface (WUI) or Fire Hazard Severity Zone.

    2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE 7A-1

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    7A-2 2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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    CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE

    CHAPTER 8 – INTERIOR FINISHES

    (Matrix Adoption Tables are nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user. See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

Frequently asked questions

What single section in the CRSC tells me which standard to use for exterior wildfire exposure?

Use Chapter 12-7A; pick the element-specific SFM standard within that Chapter (e.g., 12-7A-1 for siding, 12-7A-2 for windows) .

Do the standards require multiple replicate tests?

Yes. Most SFM standards call for three replicates; if one of the three fails, three additional tests may be required and all additional tests must pass (see replicate rules in § 12-7A-1.11 and related places) .

Where do the standards get the numeric test values (burner output, durations)?

Each SFM standard defines its burner output and durations in the Summary of Test Method or Test Apparatus sections (for example, § 12-7A-1.5 for wall tests; § 12-7A-2.5 for windows) .

If a manufacturer’s product is listed as “fire-resistant,” is that enough?

You must have a test report or listing showing the assembly was tested to the applicable 12-7A SFM standard and met the Conditions of Acceptance for that standard (see reporting requirements § 12-7A-1.10, § 12-7A-2.6) .

Are ASTM standards referenced?

Yes — several SFM standards reference ASTM test methods (e.g., ASTM E108, ASTM E2257) and ASTM moisture-content methods; follow the referenced documents where the SFM standard requires them § 12-7A-1.3, § 12-7A-4.3 .

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