CRSC · California Referenced Standards Code

Are auxiliary doors or warning signals required for very‑high‑energy units?

If a therapy room can only be entered through large motorized doors, the CRSC requires at least one door to have an auxiliary way to open if power or mechanics fail (see § 3104C.4). If the therapy equipment can operate above 500 kVp, the CRSC also requires a flashing red warning light at the entrance(s) that is energized only when the useful beam is on (see § 3104C.5) .

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Last reviewed: July 6, 2026

What the code requires — 2–4 sentences

Where a room’s only access is by large power‑driven doors, the CRSC requires at least one door to have an auxiliary means to be opened in the event of power failure or mechanical breakdown (see § 3104C.4). For therapy equipment capable of operating above 500 kVp, the CRSC requires a flashing red warning signal light located adjacent to the entrance(s) that is energized only when the useful beam is on (see § 3104C.5) .

If a therapy room can only be entered through large motorized doors, provide at least one door that can be opened without normal power; if the equipment can run above 500 kVp, provide a flashing red light at the entrance that only lights when the useful beam is on. § 3104C.4 and § 3104C.5 are the controlling rules.

Requirements in detail

1) Auxiliary‑door requirement (when it applies)

Trigger: large power‑driven doors are the only access to the room.
Requirement: Provide a minimum of one door with an auxiliary means to open it in case of power failure or mechanical breakdown.
Controlling text: § 3104C.4 .

Notes:

The provision applies only where such doors "offer the only access to the room" — if there is an alternate non‑powered access, § 3104C.4 does not, on its face, require an auxiliary means. The CRSC text does not further define “large” or prescribe specific methods for the auxiliary means in this section; sizing or method may be governed by referenced standards or the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) .

2) Warning‑signal requirement (when it applies)

Trigger: Equipment capable of operating above 500 kVp.
Requirement: Install a flashing red warning signal light adjacent to the entrance(s) to the therapy room. The light must be energized only when the useful beam is on.
Controlling text: § 3104C.5 .

Notes:

The lamp’s operation is conditional on the state of the useful beam; it must not be continuously energized — only when the beam is energized per the section. The section gives location (“adjacent to the entrance(s)”) and the kVp threshold but does not specify lamp intensity, flash rate, or mounting height — those details would come from referenced standards, manufacturer instructions, or AHJ direction .

Quick decision table

Decision dimension	Values / threshold	Action required?	Code reference
Access type	Large power‑driven doors are the only access	Provide at least one door with an auxiliary means to open during power/mechanical failure	§ 3104C.4
Equipment energy	Capable of operating > 500 kVp	Install a flashing red warning signal light adjacent to entrance(s), energized only when the useful beam is on	§ 3104C.5
Equipment energy	≤ 500 kVp	§ 3104C.5 does not require the flashing signal (no requirement in this section)	§ 3104C.5
Alternate access exists	Non-powered access available	§ 3104C.4 requirement does not apply (text is limited to where power‑driven doors are the only access)	§ 3104C.4

Exceptions & special cases

The auxiliary‑door rule in § 3104C.4 applies only when large power‑driven doors offer the only access. If the room has another means of entry (a separate manually operated door or corridor), the text does not mandate the auxiliary mechanism for that door. The CRSC text does not list additional exceptions for § 3104C.4 beyond that applicability statement .
§ 3104C.5 contains no listed exceptions in the retrieved text — if the equipment can operate above 500 kVp, the flashing red light at the entrance(s) is required and must be energized only when the useful beam is energized .
The CRSC excerpts do not define “large,” “auxiliary means,” the required flash characteristics, or exact mounting/visibility criteria — those are not supplied in the retrieved text. Use the AHJ or applicable referenced standards to resolve design details where the CRSC is silent .

Common mistakes

Assuming an auxiliary opening device is required for every motorized door in a facility — the CRSC requires it only when such doors are the only access to the therapy room (§ 3104C.4) .
Installing a steady red light or a light that is always energized: § 3104C.5 requires a flashing red warning signal light that is energized only when the useful beam is on; continuous or incorrectly interlocked lamps do not meet the plain reading of the section .
Confusing the 500 kVp threshold with other interlock/energy thresholds in Chapter 31 (for example, § 3104C.3 contains interlock requirements for equipment above 150 kVp). Be careful to apply the correct section to the correct threshold .
Expecting the CRSC text to prescribe the detailed means (e.g., manual crank vs. battery backup vs. mechanical release). The section requires an auxiliary means but does not prescribe the exact mechanism — coordinate with AHJ/listed equipment standards for acceptance .

Worked example — concrete scenario

Scenario: A hospital therapy room contains a linear accelerator that can operate at 600 kVp. The only door providing access to the room is a motorized, roll‑up power door (no separate man‑door).

Apply the rules:

Energy threshold: 600 kVp is > 500 kVp, so the therapy room must have a flashing red warning signal light located adjacent to the entrance(s) and the light must be energized only when the useful beam is on — per § 3104C.5. Design must interlock the lamp to the beam‑on state so it cannot be lit except when the useful beam is energized .
Door access: Because the motorized roll‑up is the only access, § 3104C.4 requires that at least one door be provided with an auxiliary means to be opened in case of power failure or mechanical breakdown. Practically, this means the motorized door must have an accepted secondary opening method (manual release, battery backup, or other AHJ‑approved auxiliary means) so personnel can enter or exit during power loss — the section requires the auxiliary opening but does not prescribe the exact device or method .

Takeaway: In this scenario you must provide both the auxiliary door opening method and the entrance‑adjacent flashing red light controlled by beam state to comply with § 3104C.4 and § 3104C.5 .

Related provisions (CRSC)

§ 3104C.1 — Primary protective barriers and beam coverage requirements for therapeutic installations.
§ 3104C.2 — Requirements for equipment operating above 50 kVp, including control‑station shielding and viewing.
§ 3104C.3 — Requirements for equipment operating above 150 kVp, including interlocks and control‑station location (relevant for distinguishing interlock thresholds from the 500 kVp warning‑light threshold).

(These sections provide complementary safety measures for therapeutic X‑ray installations and are cited in the same CRSC chapter as § 3104C.4 and § 3104C.5.)

Code references

Grounded in the retrieved California Referenced Standards Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

CRSC § 3104C.4 High relevance — show source text

3104C.4 A minimum of one door shall be provided with an auxiliary means for being opened in case of power failure or mechanical breakdown, where large power-driven doors offer the only access to the room.

3104C.5 A flashing red warning signal light energized only when the useful beam is on shall be located adjacent to the entrance(s) to a therapy room with equipment capable of operating above 500 kVp.

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CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE

CHAPTER 31D – FOOD ESTABLISHMENTS

(Matrix Adoption Tables are nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user. See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

Adopting agency	BSC	BSC- CG	SFM	HCD	Col6	Col7	DSA	Col9	Col10	OSHPD	Col12	Col13	Col14	Col15	Col16	Col17	BSCC	DPH	AGR	DWR	CEC	CA	SL	SLC
Adopting agency	BSC	BSC- CG	SFM	1	2	1/AC	AC	SS	SS/CC	1	1R	2	3	4	5	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	6
Adopt entire chapter								X	X									X
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below)
Adopt only those sections that are listed below
Chapter / Section

The state agency does not adopt sections identified with the following symbol: The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to Section 1.11.

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31D [DPH] FOOD ESTABLISHMENTS

SECTION 3101D—SCOPE

The provisions of this chapter shall apply to the construction of commissaries serving mobile food preparation units.

SECTION 3102D—DEFINITION

For the purpose of this chapter, the following term shall have the meaning indicated:

CRSC § 3103C.1 High relevance — show source text
SECTION 3103C—MEDICAL RADIOGRAPHIC AND PHOTOFLUOROGRAPHIC INSTALLATIONS

3103C.1 Operator station. The operator’s station at the control shall be behind a protective barrier either in a separate room, in a protected booth or behind a shield which will intercept the useful beam and any radiation which has been scattered only once.

3103C.2 Patient observation and communication. Provision shall be made for the operator to observe and communicate with the patient without leaving the shielded position at the control panel. When an observation window is used, it must provide radiation atten- uation equal to that required in the surrounding barrier.

SECTION 3104C—MEDICAL THERAPEUTIC X-RAY INSTALLATIONS

3104C.1 General. All wall, floor and ceiling areas that can be struck by the useful beam, plus a border of 1 foot (305 mm), shall be provided with primary protective barriers.

3104C.2 Equipment operating above 50 kVp. Equipment operating above 50 kVp shall conform with the following: 1. The control station shielding shall either be an integral part of the building or anchored to the building. 2. The control station shall be provided with a window having radiation attenuation equal to that required by the adjacent barrier, or a mirror system, or a closed-circuit television viewing screen. The patient area must be visible to the operator with- out having to leave the protected area during exposure.

3104C.3 Equipment operating above 150 kVp. Equipment operating above 150 kVp shall conform to the following: 1. The treatment room shall be provided with interlocks so that when any door of the treatment room is opened, either the machine will shut off automatically or the radiation level within the room will be reduced to an average of not more than 2 milliroentgens per hour and a maximum of 10 milliroentgens per hour at a distance of one meter in any direction from the target. After such shutoff or reduction in output, it shall be possible to restore the machine to full operation only from the control panel. 2. The control station shall be within a protective booth or in an adjacent room.

3104C.4 A minimum of one door shall be provided with an auxiliary means for being opened in case of power failure or mechanical breakdown, where large power-driven doors offer the only access to the room.

3104C.5 A flashing red warning signal light energized only when the useful beam is on shall be located adjacent to the entrance(s) to a therapy room with equipment capable of operating above 500 kVp.

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CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE

CHAPTER 31D – FOOD ESTABLISHMENTS

(Matrix Adoption Tables are nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user. See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)
CRSC § 2702.2.6 Medium relevance — show source text
[F] 2702.2.6 Exit signs. Emergency power shall be provided for exit signs as required in Section 1013.6.3. The system shall be capable of powering the required load for a duration of not less than 90 minutes.

[F] 2702.2.7 Gas detection system. Emergency or standby power shall be provided for gas detection systems in accordance with the California Fire Code .

[F] 2702.2.8 Group I-2 occupancies. Essential electrical systems for Group I-2 occupancies shall be in accordance with Section 407.11.

[F] 2702.2.9 Group I-3 occupancies. Emergency power shall be provided for power-operated doors and locks in Group I-3 occupancies as required in Section 408.4.2.

[F] 2702.2.10 Hazardous materials. Emergency or standby power shall be provided in occupancies with hazardous materials where required by the California Fire Code .

[F] 2702.2.11 High-rise buildings and Group I-2 Occupancies having occupied floors located more than 75 feet above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access . Emergency and standby power shall be provided in high-rise buildings and Group I-2 occupancies having occupied floors located more than 75 feet above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access as required in Section 403.4.8.

[F] 2702.2.12 Hydrogen fuel gas rooms. Standby power shall be provided for hydrogen fuel gas rooms as required by the Califor- nia Fire Code .

2702.2.13 Group L Occupancy. Secondary power shall be provided in Group L occupancies in accordance with this chapter and Section 453.4.6 and 453.4.6.1.

[F] 2702.2.14 Means of egress illumination. Emergency power shall be provided for means of egress illumination as required in Section 1008.3. The system shall be capable of powering the required load for a duration of not less than 90 minutes.

[F] 2702.2.15 Membrane structures. Standby power shall be provided for auxiliary inflation systems in permanent membrane structures as required in Section 3102.8.2. Standby power shall be provided for a duration of not less than 4 hours. Auxiliary inflation systems in temporary air-supported and air-inflated membrane structures shall be provided in accordance with Section 3103.9.4 of the California Fire Code .

[F] 2702.2.16 Semiconductor fabrication facilities. Emergency power shall be provided for semiconductor fabrication facilities as required in Section 415.11.11.

[F] 2702.2.17 Smoke control systems. Standby power shall be provided for smoke control systems as required in Sections 404.7, 909.11, 909.20.7.2 and 909.21.5.

[F] 2702.2.18 Special purpose horizontal sliding, accordion or folding doors. Standby power shall be provided for special purpose horizontal sliding, accordion or folding doors as required in Section 1010.3.3. The standby power supply shall have a capacity to operate not fewer than 50 closing cycles of the door.

[F] 2702.2.19 Underground buildings. Emergency and standby power shall be provided in underground buildings as required in Section 405.
CRSC § 12-72 Medium relevance — show source text
(f) Trouble signals. Trouble signals shall be distinctive from alarm signals, or other communication or warning signals. They shall be indicated by the continuous sound of an audible trouble signaling device or appliance. The audible signal sounding device or appliance may be common to more than one supervised circuit. Trouble signal sounding circuits may be provided with time limit cutoff devices to provide for intermittent operation of the trouble signal device or appliance. The time limit device or appliance shall provide for the continuous sounding of the trouble signal sounding device or appliance for a period of not less than 10 minutes followed by a period of silence not to exceed 5 minutes.

(g) Trouble signal silencing switch. A trouble signal silencing switch shall be provided. Upon operation of the trouble signal silencing switch, the trouble indication shall be transferred to a trouble lamp or other approved visual indicator located adjacent to the silencing switch. Operation of the trouble signal silencing switch shall also remove the time limit cutout from the circuit. The visual indicator shall remain in operation until the silencing switch is restored to its normal position unless the audible trouble signal will be obtained when a fault occurs without restoring the switch to normal position. The silencing switch and its related control circuit may be of the automatically restoring type.

(h) Control unit input and output current and voltage.
1. The input or output current of each circuit of a control unit shall not exceed the marked rating of the control unit by more than 10 percent when the unit is operated under conditions of normal use.
2. A limited-energy detector circuit shall conform to the following: A. The open-circuit voltage between any two wiring terminals and between any terminal and a grounded circuit part or noncurrent carrying metal part shall not exceed 50 volts when the control unit is connected to a power supply source of rated voltage and frequency. B. Overcurrent protection not in excess of 2 amperes shall be provided in such manner that each limited-energy circuit is protected. Current-limiting transformers may be substituted, provided that under condition of short circuit, current flow at the terminals will not exceed 2 amperes.
(i) Jarring. The control unit or control equipment installed or supported in the position of its normal use connected to a power supply and in supervisory condition shall withstand jarring from impact or vibration such as may be experienced in service by striking the enclosure. Striking the enclosure shall not cause signaling operation of any part nor adversely affect any subsequent normal operation.

(j) Temperature.
1. Materials employed in the construction of a control unit or combination signaling system which have not been investigated and reported on by a nationally recognized testing laboratory as an assembly in the form intended for use shall be investigated and tested to determine temperature rises that may adversely affect the materials of construction, normal signaling operation of the equipment and fire hazard to building materials.
2. A control unit shall be mounted on a wood panel representative of its manner of installation in service. It shall be connected to a power supply as indicated in Section 12-72-103 (a), Item 4, and operated under representative normal conditions liable to produce the highest temperatures.
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PROTECTIVE SIGNALING SYSTEMS
CRSC § 1203.2.7 Medium relevance — show source text
1203.2.7 Gas detection systems. Emergency power shall be provided for gas detection systems where required by Sections 1203.2.10 and 1203.2.17. Standby power shall be provided for gas detection systems where required by Sections 916.5 and 1207.6.1.2.4.

1203.2.8 Group I-2 occupancies. Essential electrical systems for Group I-2 occupancies shall be in accordance with Section 407.11 of the California Building Code .

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ENERGY SYSTEMS

1203.2.9 Group I-3 occupancies. Power-operated sliding doors or power-operated locks for swinging doors in Group I-3 occupancies shall be operable by a manual release mechanism at the door. Emergency power shall be provided for the doors and locks.

Exceptions:
1. Emergency power is not required in facilities where provisions for remote locking and unlocking of occupied rooms in Occupancy Condition 4 are not required as set forth in the California Building Code .
2. Emergency power is not required where remote mechanical operating releases are provided.
1203.2.10 Hazardous materials. Emergency and standby power shall be provided in occupancies with hazardous materials as required in the following sections:
1. Sections 5004.7 and 5005.1.5 for hazardous materials.
2. Sections 6004.2.2.8 and 6004.3.4.2 for highly toxic and toxic gases.
3. Section 6204.1.11 for organic peroxides.
1203.2.11 High-rise buildings and Group I-2 occupancies having occupied floors more than 75 feet above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access . Standby power and emergency power shall be provided for high-rise buildings and Group I-2 occupancies having occupied floors located more than 75 feet above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access as required in Section 403 of the California Building Code, and shall be in accordance with Section 1203.

1203.2.12 Special purpose horizontal sliding doors. Standby power shall be provided for horizontal sliding doors as required in Section 1010.3.3. The standby power supply shall have a capacity to operate not fewer than 50 closing cycles of the door.

1203.2.13 Hydrogen fuel gas rooms. Standby power shall be provided for hydrogen fuel gas rooms as required by Section 5808.7.

1203.2.14 Laboratory suites. Standby or emergency power shall be provided in accordance with Section 5004.7 where laboratory suites are located above the sixth story above grade plane or located in a story below grade plane.

1203.2.15 Means of egress illumination. Emergency power shall be provided for means of egress illumination in accordance with Sections 1008.2.4 and 1104.5.1.

1203.2.16 Membrane structures. Standby power shall be provided for auxiliary inflation systems in permanent membrane structures in accordance with Section 2702 of the California Building Code . Auxiliary inflation systems shall be provided in temporary air-supported and air-inflated membrane structures in accordance with Section 3103.9.4.

1203.2.17 Semiconductor fabrication facilities. Emergency power shall be provided for semiconductor fabrication facilities as required in Section 2703.15.
CRSC § 12-10 Medium relevance — show source text
Note: Mechanisms involving dead-locking bolts may require modification in the test procedure in order to simulate the intended in-service condition. Modifications in the test procedure shall be filed for evaluation and approval before proceeding with the test.

(d) Releasing pressure. The motor-driven mechanism shall be arranged to apply not to exceed 15 pounds pressure against the cross-bar to release the door latch(es) or dead-locking bolts before the door is pushed open.

(e) Cycle test. The release mechanism and latches or dead-locking bolts shall function as intended for 100,000 cycles of operation without failure or excessive wear of the parts.

EMERGENCY OPERATION TEST

Sec. 12-10-305.

(a) Releasing pressure. The release mechanism shall be so designed that a horizontal force of 50 pounds or less will actuate the release bar and latches or dead-locking bolt when the latched or locked door is subjected to outward pressure as described in Sections 12-10-305 (c) and (d). The horizontal force shall be applied at any point along the cross-bar perpendicular to the door in the direction of swing.

(b) Test specimen. The test specimen for the emergency operation test shall be the sample which has been previously subjected to the cycle test specified in Section 12-10-304.

(c) Testing instrument. The horizontal force applied to the cross-bar shall be measured with a calibrated spring scale or other approved means.

(d) Outward pressure, single door. A hydraulic loading device or load dynamometer shall be used to apply a horizontal force of 250 pounds against the latching edge in the direction in which the door opens. The thrust load shall be applied to the stile immediately above the latching mechanism.

(e) Outward pressure, double doors. A hydraulic loading device or load dynamometer shall be used to apply a horizontal force of 250 pounds against the lock stile of each door of doors in pairs 2 inches (51 mm) in from the edge at midpoint between top and bottom of each door leaf in the direction of door swing.

(f) Release bar deformation. The cross-bar on a 36-inch (914 mm) wide door shall not be permanently set or deformed in excess of [1] / 4 inch (6 mm), by the test; a spacing of at least 1 inch (25 mm) is to be provided and maintained between the cross-bar and the face of the door when the horizontal force is applied against the cross-bar.

MARKING

Sec. 12-10-306. The listee’s name (or approved symbol), type or model designation shall be plainly marked on the releasing assembly. Devices and assemblies which are not listed by an approved listing agency for the intended purpose shall bear a label or other identifying markings as approved by the State Fire Marshal.

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CHAPTERS

12-11A and 11B BUILDING AND FACILITY ACCESS SPECIFICATIONS

Detectable warning products and directional surfaces installed after January 1, 2001, shall be evaluated by an independent entity, selected by the Department of General Services, Division of the State Architect-Access Compliance, for all occupancies, including transportation and other outdoor environments, except that when products and surfaces are for use in residential housing evaluation shall be in consultation with the Department of Housing and Community Development. See Government Code Section 4460.

PRODUCT APPROVAL FOR DETECTABLE WARNING PRODUCTS AND DIRECTIONAL SURFACES
CRSC § 907.6.4.1 Medium relevance — show source text
907.6.4.1 Annunciation. Alarm, supervisory and trouble signals shall be annunciated in the main control unit by means of an audible signal and a visual display in accordance with NFPA 72. Identification of the type of alarm and supervisory initiating devices, such as manual, automatic, sprinkler waterflow, sprinkler valve supervisory, fire-pump supervisory, etc., shall be sepa- rately indicated.

Exception: Group R-3 occupancies.

907.6.4.1.1 Annunciator panel. An annunciator panel complying with 907.6.4.1 and the associated controls shall be provided in an approved remote location where deemed necessary by the Enforcing Agency . The visual zone indication shall lock in until the system is reset and shall not be canceled by the operation of an audible alarm-silencing switch.

907.6.4.2 High-rise buildings. In high-rise buildings and Group I-2 occupancies having occupied floors located more than 75 feet above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access, a separate zone by floor shall be provided for each of the following types of alarm-initiating devices where provided:
1. Smoke detectors.
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FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS
1. Sprinkler waterflow devices.
2. Manual fire alarm boxes.
3. Other approved types of automatic fire protection systems.
907.6.4.3 High-rise buildings zoning annunciator panel. In high-rise buildings, a zoning annunciator panel shall be provided in the Fire Command Center. This panel shall not be combined with the Firefighter Smoke Control Panel unless approved. Panel shall be in matrix format or an approved equivalent configuration. All indicators shall be based upon positive confirmation. The panel shall include the following features at a minimum: 1. Fire alarm initiating devices with individual annunciation per floor for manual fire alarm boxes, area smoke detectors, elevator lobby smoke detectors, duct smoke detectors, heat detectors, auxiliary alarms and sprinkler waterflow. (Red LED) 2. Sprinkler and standpipe system control valves per floor–supervisory. (Yellow LED) 3. Common fire alarm system trouble. (Yellow LED) 4. Annunciation Panel Power On. (Green LED) 5. Lamp test. (Push Button)

907.6.4.4 Notification zoning. Upon activation of initiating devices where occupant notification is required for evacuation, all notification zones shall operate simultaneously throughout the building.

Exceptions:

1. High-rise buildings as permitted in Section 907.2.13. 2. Hospitals and convalescent facilities with staff alerting notification appliances or emergency voice/alarm communi- cation, zoning shall be in accordance with the approved fire plan.

3. Detention facilities.

4. Upon approval by the fire code official in buildings which are sprinklered throughout, specific notification zoning shall be permitted where the notification zones are separated by a minimum of a 2-hour fire barrier and 2-hour fire-resis- tive floor assembly. The system shall have the capability to activate all other notification zones by automatic and manual means.
CRSC § 0.56 Medium relevance — show source text
Model number or equivalent. 3. Temperature rating of the fire alarm device. 4. Reference to the State Fire Marshal Regulations for Household Fire Warning Equipment. 5. The statement: “Do Not Paint” or equivalent to prevent painting of the temperature sensitive element and the markings. The letters shall be a minimum of [1] / 8 inch (3 mm) in height. 6. The following information is required on gas operated units. The letters shall be a minimum of [1] / 8 inch (3 mm) in height. CAUTION—Pressurized Container—Do Not Puncture or Incinerate—Explosion Hazard May Result 7. The following or equivalent wording: Operation—Responds To A Heat Producing Fire Only. Unit Will Actuate When The Temperature Of The Surrounding Air Reaches The Marked Temperature Rating (Plus Or Minus A Few Degrees) Provided The Air Temperature Increase Is 1°F (0.56°C) Per Minute Or Less. At Faster Rates Of Temperature Rise, The Surrounding Air Temperature At Which The Unit Will Actuate Will Be Above The Marked Rating, The Temperature Differential Depending On The Rate Of Rise Of Temperature Produced By A Fire. This Temperature Differential Results From the Time Lag Before The Temperature Element Absorbs The Necessary Heat From the Surrounding Air to Actuate. 8. Instructions for setting or rewinding of a spring wound fire alarm device to be included on the device. 9. For gas-operated fire alarm devices information to return the unit to the factory for servicing shall be provided. 10. State Fire Marshal listing file number if required by Article 1.5.

(b) If a manufacturer has more than one temperature rating for an alarm device, where the thermally sensitive element is renewable and must be replaced after operation, the renewable element shall bear the manufacturer’s name or equivalent identification and the temperature rating.

(c) If a manufacturer produces units at more than one factory, each unit shall have a distinctive marking to identify it as the product of a particular factory.

TESTING OVEN

Sec. 12-72-206.

(a) General. The testing oven shall be constructed and operated in accordance with this section and the following:
1. A typical test oven consists of an oval shaped stainless steel box approximately 31 by 10 by 16 inches (787 mm by 254 mm by 406 mm) high, made of No. 11 M.S.G. material. One of the curved end sections is hinged. See Figure 12-72-2-3.
2. A section 6 by 6 inches (152 mm by 152 mm) at the top is fitted with a removable wooden cover.
3. Two glass windows, 4 by 6 inches (101 mm by 152 mm) in size, are provided in the sides of the oven for observation of the samples under test.
4. The interior of the oven is divided horizontally by a baffle over the heater chamber located in the central lower section. One end of the horizontal baffle is joined to a guide vane extending upward at an angle of 72 degrees into the oven chamber. The vane directs the air currents to ensure greater uniformity of temperature in the oven.
5. Eight 1,000-watt heating elements, threaded into screw shell lampholders, furnish the heat. They are so connected that six of the heating elements are controlled by means of two manually adjusted autotransformers. An auxiliary switch controls the other two heating elements for supplying additional heat when necessary.
CRSC § 903.3.1.1 Medium relevance — show source text
Exceptions:
1. Where interior exit stairways or ramps are interconnected by a 1-hour fire-resistance-rated corridor conforming to the requirements of Section 1020, the required exit separation shall be measured along the shortest direct line of travel within the corridor.
2. Where a building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, the separation distance shall be not less than one-third of the length of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of the area served.
1007.1.1.1 Measurement point. The separation distance required in Section 1007.1.1 shall be measured in accordance with the following:
1. The separation distance to exit or exit access doorways shall be measured to any point along the width of the doorway.
2. The separation distance to exit access stairways shall be measured to the closest riser.
3. The separation distance to exit access ramps shall be measured to the start of the ramp run.
1007.1.2 Three or more exits or exit access doorways. Where access to three or more exits is required, not less than two exit or exit access doorways shall be arranged in accordance with the provisions of Section 1007.1.1. Additional required exit or exit access doorways shall be arranged a reasonable distance apart so that if one becomes blocked, the others will be available.

1007.1.3 Remoteness of exit access stairways or ramps. Where two exit access stairways or ramps provide the required means of egress to exits at another story, the required separation distance shall be maintained for all portions of such exit access stair ways or ramps.

1007.1.3.1 Three or more exit access stairways or ramps. Where more than two exit access stairways or ramps provide the required means of egress, not less than two shall be arranged in accordance with Section 1007.1.3.

SECTION 1008 —MEANS OF EGRESS ILLUMINATION

1008.1 Means of egress illumination. Illumination shall be provided in the means of egress in accordance with Section 1008.2. In the event of power supply failure, means of egress illumination shall comply with Section 1008.2.4.

1008.2 Illumination required. The means of egress serving a room or space shall be illuminated at all times that the room or space is occupied.

Exceptions:
1. Occupancies in Group U.
2. Self-service storage units 400 square feet (37.2 m [2] ) or less in area and accessed directly from the exterior of the building.
3. Aisle accessways in Group A.
4. Dwelling units and sleeping units in Groups R-1, R-2 and R-3.
5. Sleeping units of Group I, R-2.1 and R-4 occupancies.
1008.2.1 Illumination level under normal power. The means of egress illumination level shall be not less than 1 footcandle (11 lux) at the walking surface. Along exit access stairways, exit stairways and at their required landings, the illumination level shall not be less than 10 footcandles (108 lux) at the walking surface when the stairway is in use.
CRSC § 914.1.2 Medium relevance — show source text
[F] 914.1.2 Interior access to shaftways. Door or window openings to a hoistway or shaftway from the interior of the building shall be plainly marked with the word “SHAFTWAY” in red letters not less than 6 inches (152 mm) high on a white background. Such warning signs shall be placed so as to be readily discernible.

Exception: Markings shall not be required on shaftway openings that are readily discernible as openings onto a shaftway by the construction or arrangement.

[F] 914.2 Equipment room identification. Fire protection equipment shall be identified in an approved manner. Rooms containing controls for air-conditioning systems, sprinkler risers and valves or other fire detection, suppression or control elements shall be identified for the use of the fire department. Approved signs required to identify fire protection equipment and equipment location shall be constructed of durable materials, permanently installed and readily visible.

SECTION 915—CARBON MONOXIDE (CO) DETECTION

[F] 915.1 General. Carbon monoxide (CO) detection shall be installed in new buildings in accordance with Section s 915.1.1 through 915.7. [Not adopted by HCD] Carbon monoxide detection shall be installed in existing buildings in accordance with Chapter 11 of the California Fire Code .

Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 17926, carbon monoxide detection shall be installed in all existing Group R buildings as required in Section 915.

Exception: Carbon monoxide detection is not required in Group S, Group F and Group U occupancies that are not normally occupied.

[F] 915.1.1 Where required. Carbon monoxide detection shall be installed in the locations specified in Section 915.2 where any of the following conditions exist.
1. In buildings that contain a CO source.
2. In buildings that contain or are supplied by a CO-producing forced-air furnace.
3. In buildings with attached private garages.
4. In buildings that have a CO-producing vehicle that is used within the building.
[F] 915.2 Locations. Carbon monoxide detection shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s published instructions in the locations specified in Sections 915.2.1 through 915.2.3.

[F] 915.2.1 Dwelling units. Carbon monoxide detection shall be installed in dwelling units in the following locations: 1. Outside of each separate sleeping area in the immediate vicinity of the bedrooms. 2. On every occupiable level of a dwelling unit, including basements. 3. Where a CO source is located within a bedroom or its attached bathroom, carbon monoxide detection shall be installed within the bedroom.

[F] 915.2.2 Sleeping units. Carbon monoxide detection shall be installed in sleeping units.

Exception: Carbon monoxide detection shall be allowed to be installed outside of each separate sleeping area in the immediate vicinity of the sleeping unit where the sleeping unit or its attached bathroom does not contain a CO source and is not served by a CO-producing forced-air furnace.

[F] 915.2.3 Group E occupancies. A carbon monoxide system that uses carbon monoxide detectors shall be installed in Group E occupancies where classrooms include any of the conditions identified in Sections 915.1.2 through 915.1.6 . Alarm signals from carbon monoxide detectors shall be automatically transmitted to an on-site location as approved by the authority having jurisdiction.
CRSC § 12-72 Medium relevance — show source text
2025 CALIFORNIA REFERENCED STANDARDS CODE 107

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

108 2025 CALIFORNIA REFERENCED STANDARDS CODE

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

12-72-1 PROTECTIVE SIGNALING SYSTEMS

STANDARD TEST PROCEDURES

STANDARD 12-72-1

STATE FIRE MARSHAL

SCOPE

Sec. 12-72-100.

(a) Basic. This standard represents the minimum basic requirements for the construction and performance of the protective signaling systems to be listed under this classification. The minimum design, construction and performance standards set forth herein are those deemed as minimum necessary to establish conformance to the regulations of the State Fire Marshal as set forth in the California Electrical Code, and when applicable shall be reported on in their entirety by the approved testing laboratory.

(b) Systems. This standard covers electrically operated devices and control units designed to transmit and sound alarms, supervisory and trouble signals to be employed in ordinary indoor locations in accordance with the Standards of the National Fire Protection Association for the Installation, Maintenance and Use of Proprietary, Auxiliary and Local Protective Signaling Systems, Remote Station, Nos. 72A, 72B, 72C and 72D, and the California Electrical Code. This includes combination protective signaling systems employing nonsupervised sounding circuits; combination fire alarm-communication, -program and -clock systems (hereinafter referred to as combination signaling systems); and audible devices used for both alarm and program or communication

purposes.

(c) Control unit. A control unit covered by this standard consists of a unit assembly of electrical parts having provisions for the connection of power-supply circuits routed through the control unit equipment by a prescribed scheme of circuitry; signal initiating circuits extended to separate devices by which the operating parts of the control unit are actuated for signals, and to incorporated or separate devices by which the signals are transmitted or indicated to form a coordinated combination system for definite signaling service.

TEST REPORTS

Sec. 12-72-101.

(a) Test report contents. The report shall include engineering data, and an analysis comparing the design against Section 12-72102 (a) through (u); it shall include wiring, diagrams, operating manuals and photographs as set forth in Section 12-72-102 (a), Items 5 and 6; it shall set forth the tests performed in accordance with Sections 12-72-103 (a) through (g) and the results thereof; and shall verify the correctness of the electrical rating required by Section 12-72-107.

(b) Listed devices. Electrical wiring, material, devices, combination of devices, fittings, appliances and equipment which have been tested and listed by an approved listing agency for the intended purpose and use need not be individually retested.

The report shall include the catalog number or other readily identifiable marking, the name of the approved listing agency, the laboratory test report number and date. Such individually tested and listed component parts and devices when installed in combination with other devices in a control unit or in a circuit extended from such control unit shall be subjected to the performance standard tests to determine its suitability for use in combination with other component parts, devices, circuits or equipment.

CRSC § 3103.9.1 Medium relevance — show source text

3103.9.1 Door operation. During high winds exceeding 50 miles per hour (22 m/s) or in snow conditions, the use of doors in airsupported structures shall be controlled to avoid excessive air loss. Doors shall not be left open.

3103.9.2 Fabric envelope design and construction. Air-supported and air-inflated structures shall have the design and construction of the fabric envelope and the method of anchoring in accordance with ASI-77.

3103.9.3 Blowers. An air-supported structure used as a place of assembly shall be furnished with not less than two blowers, each of which has adequate capacity to maintain full inflation pressure with normal leakage. The design of the blower shall be so as to provide integral limiting pressure at the design pressure specified by the manufacturer.

3103.9.4 Auxiliary inflation systems. Places of public assembly for more than 200 persons shall be furnished with an auxiliary inflation system capable of powering a blower with the capacity to maintain full inflation pressure with normal leakage in accordance with Section 3103.9.3 for a minimum duration of 4 hours. The auxiliary inflation system shall be either a fully automatic auxiliary enginegenerator set or a supplementary blower powered by an internal combustion engine that shall be automatic in operation. The system shall be capable of automatically operating the required blowers at full power within 60 seconds of a commercial power failure.

3103.10 Seating arrangements. Seating in tents or membrane structures shall be in accordance with Chapter 10.

3103.11 Means of egress. Means of egress for temporary tents and membrane structures shall be in accordance with Sections 3103.11.1 through 3103.11.8.

3103.11.1 Distribution. Exits shall be spaced at approximately equal intervals around the perimeter of the tent or membrane structure, and shall be located such that all points are 100 feet (30 480 mm) or less from an exit.

3103.11.2 Number. Tents or membrane structures or a usable portion thereof shall have not less than one exit and not less than the number of exits required by Table 3103.11.2. The total width of means of egress in inches (mm) shall be not less than the total occupant load served by a means of egress multiplied by 0.2 inches (5 mm) per person.

TABLE 3103.11.2—MINIMUM NUMBER OF MEANS OF EGRESS AND MEANS OF EGRESS WIDTHS FROM TEMPORARY MEMBRANE STRUCTURES AND TENTS	Col2	Col3	Col4
OCCUPANT LOAD	MINIMUM NUMBER OF MEANS OF EGRESS	MINIMUM WIDTH OF EACH MEANS OF EGRESS (inches)	MINIMUM WIDTH OF EACH MEANS OF EGRESS (inches)
OCCUPANT LOAD	MINIMUM NUMBER OF MEANS OF EGRESS	Tent	Membrane Structure
10 to 199	2	72	36
200 to 499	3	72	72
500 to 999	4	96	72
1,000 to 1,999	5	120	96
2,000 to 2,999	6	120	96
Over 3,000a	7	120	96
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm. a.

Frequently asked questions

When exactly does § 3104C.4 apply?

It applies where large power‑driven doors offer the only access to the room; in that situation, at least one door must have an auxiliary means to open during power or mechanical failure. The CRSC text does not add other conditions or exceptions in the retrieved excerpt.

Is a warning light required for units operating at 500 kVp exactly?

No. § 3104C.5 is written for equipment capable of operating above 500 kVp — the requirement applies when the unit’s capability exceeds 500 kVp per the CRSC text.

Does the CRSC specify the type of auxiliary mechanism to use?

No. § 3104C.4 requires an auxiliary means but does not specify the exact type (manual crank, battery backup, mechanical release, etc.) in the retrieved text. The AHJ or referenced standards/listed devices will determine acceptable methods.

Where should the flashing red light be located?

The light must be located adjacent to the entrance(s) to the therapy room, per § 3104C.5. The section does not give exact setback or height requirements in the retrieved text.

Must the warning light be energized at other times (e.g., during warm‑up)?

No — § 3104C.5 specifies the light is to be energized only when the useful beam is on. If warm‑up does not constitute the useful beam being on, the light should not be energized for warm‑up unless the useful beam is actually energized.

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