CRSC · California Referenced Standards Code
What installations and areas does Chapter 12‑31C cover?
If a room will contain an X‑ray or particle‑accelerator machine, California’s CRSC requires that every shielding barrier be designed using the specific NCRP reports named in **§ 12‑31C‑101**; the CRSC does not list shielding numbers itself — those are in the referenced NCRP reports.
Last reviewed: July 6, 2026
What the code requires — 2–4 sentences
Chapter 12‑31C requires that all radiation shielding barriers in rooms and enclosures that house radiation machines comply with the mandatory standards and appendices in the named NCRP reports. The controlling provision is § 12‑31C‑101, which references NCRP Report No. 35 (dental X‑ray), Report No. 49 (structural shielding for medical X‑rays and gamma rays up to 10 MeV) and Report No. 51 (shielding for particle accelerators 0.1–100 MeV) as the required design documents. § 12‑31C‑101 is the CRSC authority for radiation‑shielding design in healing‑arts X‑ray installations.
The single most important rule: design and construct every shielding barrier for any room or enclosure that contains a radiation machine to meet the mandatory NCRP reports cited in § 12‑31C‑101.
Requirements in detail
Scope in plain English
- Applies to radiation shielding barriers for rooms and enclosures that house any radiation machine used in healing‑arts and related medical/accelerator uses. The CRSC text calls these requirements out as the standard for “ALL HEALING ARTS X‑RAY INSTALLATIONS.” § 12‑31C‑101 names the required reference reports.
Which reference applies to which kind of installation
Use the table below to match common installation types to the NCRP report that § 12‑31C‑101 makes mandatory.
| Installation / area (decision dimension) | Applicable NCRP report (mandatory) | Code Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Dental X‑ray operator rooms / booths | NCRP Report No. 35 — “Dental X‑RAY Protection” | § 12‑31C‑101 |
| Medical radiographic / fluoroscopic / diagnostic rooms (general radiology) | NCRP Report No. 49 — “Structural Shielding Design and Evaluation for Medical use of X‑rays and Gamma Rays of Energies up to 10 MeV” | § 12‑31C‑101 |
| Particle accelerators and higher‑energy therapy/ research enclosures | NCRP Report No. 51 — “Radiation Protection Design Guidelines for 0.1–100 MeV Particle Accelerator Facilities” | § 12‑31C‑101 |
Notes:
- § 12‑31C‑101 makes the above NCRP reports and their mandatory appendices the required basis for shielding design; the CRSC itself does not reproduce the shielding tables or thicknesses — those are in the NCRP documents.
What designers and permit reviewers must do
- Identify which NCRP report applies based on the equipment type and beam energy (the report titles — and the energy ranges 10 MeV and 0.1–100 MeV — are given in § 12‑31C‑101).
- Use the mandatory reports (and their appendices) to compute wall, floor and ceiling barrier materials and thicknesses, maze/door design, control‑booth shielding, and any patient/circulation path considerations the reports require. § 12‑31C‑101 is the CRSC link that makes those reports mandatory.
Exceptions & special cases
- § 12‑31C‑101 itself does not list exceptions or alternate methods; it simply requires compliance with the named NCRP reports. If you need an exception or variance, the building code cross‑references indicate the Department of Health Services (or the appropriate state health agency) is the authority to grant variances under the building code chapter that adopts the CRSC standards (see building code cross‑reference to Section 3102C). That variance process is not described in § 12‑31C‑101 itself.
- If an installation uses equipment or beam energies not explicitly covered by the titles of the three reports, the project must still follow the mandatory reports that most closely apply and document the technical basis; when in doubt, rely on the NCRP documents cited by § 12‑31C‑101 or seek DHS guidance.
Common mistakes
- Treating § 12‑31C‑101 as optional or as a catalog of numeric barrier thicknesses. The section makes specific external NCRP documents mandatory — the CRSC does not restate the numeric tables.
- Applying the wrong NCRP report (e.g., using Report 35 for a linear accelerator). Match equipment type and beam energy to the report titles and ranges in § 12‑31C‑101.
- Assuming a local building official can approve an alternate shielding standard without a formal variance — the building code that adopts § 12‑31C‑101 points to state health authority for variances (see building code cross‑reference).
- Forgetting to include the mandatory appendices from the NCRP reports in the design calculations and submittal; § 12‑31C‑101 requires the “mandatory standards and appendices” of those reports.
Worked example — how to apply § 12‑31C‑101 (conceptual, using the numbers that appear in the CRSC)
Scenario: A clinic plans to install a treatment/diagnostic machine that produces x‑rays with effective energy in the range of 6 MeV.
- Determine which NCRP report applies:
- Report No. 49 covers medical X‑rays and gamma rays “up to 10 MeV,” so Report 49 is directly applicable per § 12‑31C‑101.
- Use the mandatory report:
- The design team obtains NCRP Report No. 49 and uses the report’s mandatory appendices and methods to calculate barrier types and thicknesses for walls, floor and ceiling, occupancy factors and required control‑booth shielding. § 12‑31C‑101 makes that report and its appendices the required design basis.
- Documentation for permitting:
- Permit documents should cite § 12‑31C‑101 and include the NCRP report pages/appendices used, shielding calculations, and any physicist’s report or verification required by the local authority having jurisdiction. If a variance is needed, follow the DHS/agency variance route referenced elsewhere in the adopting building code.
(Important: § 12‑31C‑101 requires using the NCRP reports; it does not reproduce numerical barrier values here. The precise thickness and material numbers must be taken from the cited NCRP reports themselves.)
Related provisions
- § 12‑31C‑101 — Mandatory reference to NCRP Reports 35, 49 and 51 (this is the controlling CRSC text).
- Standard heading: STANDARD 12‑31C‑1 (CRSC heading referencing radiation shielding standards and Sec. 12‑31C‑101).
- Cross‑reference (adopting code): California Building Code, Section 3102C — requires that radiation shielding barriers meet § 12‑31C‑101 and identifies the health department as the variance authority (see CBC adoption text).
Code references
Grounded in the retrieved California Referenced Standards Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:
CRSC § 1224.34.3.2 High relevance — show source text
but otherwise having the_ same functional characteristics as the above mega-voltage units and conforming to the requirements of Chap- ter 31C and the California Radiation Control Regulations, California Code of Regulations, Title 17, Division 1, Chapter 5, Subchapter 4. 5.3. Direct access to space provided for brachytherapy equipment which shall meet the requirements of Chapter 31C and the California Radiation Control Regulations, California Code of Regulations, Title 17, Division 1, Chap- ter 5, Subchapter 4. 5.4. Shielding of the rooms shall meet the requirements of Chapter 31C and the California Radiation Control Regula- tions. California Code of Regulations, Title 17, Division 1, Chapter 5, Subchapter 4.
1224.34.3.2 Radiation protection. Cobalt, linear accelerators, hot lab and high dose rate brachytherapy rooms and simulation rooms require radiation protection. All rooms that provide radiation treatment shall be appropriately shielded. A certified physi- cist shall specify the type, location and amount of protection to be installed in accordance with final approved department layout and equipment selection. Radiation protection requirements shall be incorporated into the construction documents and comply with Chapter 31C and the requirements of California Radiation Control Regulations, California Code of Regulations, Title 17, Divi- sion 1, Chapter 5 and Subchapter 4.
1224.34.3.3 Room sizes. Rooms shall be sized as follows:
1. Cobalt rooms and linear accelerators shall be sized in accordance with equipment requirements and shall accommo- date a gurney for litter borne patients. Layouts shall provide for preventing the escape of radioactive particles. Openings into the room, including doors, ductwork, vents and electrical raceways and conduits, shall be baffled to prevent direct exposure to other areas of the facility. 2. Simulator, accelerator and cobalt rooms shall be sized to accommodate the equipment with patient access on a gurney, medical staff access to the equipment and patient, and service access. 3. Where a table is used, the room shall be sized to provide a minimum clearance of 4 feet (1218 mm) on three sides of the table to facilitate bed transfer and provide access to the patient. The door swing shall not encroach on the equipment space, patient circulation space or transfer space. 4. Minimum room size shall be 260 square feet (24.15 m [2] ) for the simulator room; 680 square feet (63.17 m [2] ), including the maze, for accelerator rooms; 200 square feet (18.58 m [2] ) for brachytherapy rooms; and 450 square feet (41.81 m [2] ) for cobalt rooms.
1224.34.3.4 General support area. The following areas shall be provided: 1. A gurney hold area adjacent to the treatment rooms, screened for privacy and combined with a seating area for outpatients. 2. Exam or treatment room shall be provided with a minimum of 100 square feet (9.29 m [2] ) with a minimum dimension of 8 feet (2438 mm). Each exam room shall be equipped with a handwashing station.
CRSC § 1224.34.2.14 High relevance — show source text
1224.34.2.14 Hot lab for scintigraphy (gamma camera), PET and SPECT facilities. A securable area or room shall be provided in which radiopharmaceuticals can be safely stored and doses can be calculated and prepared. 1. A single hot lab shall be permitted to serve multiple scanners and nuclear medicine modalities. 2. The hot lab shall be shielded in compliance with Section 1224.34.1.1. 3. A source storage area, a dose area and a storage area for syringe shields shall be provided.
1224.34.3 Radiotherapy service space.
1224.34.3.1 Radiation therapy space. If radiation therapy is provided, the following shall be accommodated: 1. Patient reception and waiting areas. 2. Space for medical and physics staff functions. 3. Space for equipment and supplies. 4. Housekeeping room. 5. Direct access to space provided for radiation measurement and calibration equipment, including a calibration constancy instrument and access to a secondary standard dose meter.
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5.1. A megavoltage treatment unit capable of delivering x-rays or gamma rays of effective energy 500 KeV or more and conforming to the requirements of Chapter 31C and the California Radiation Control Regulations, Califor- nia Code of Regulations, Title 17, Division 1, Chapter 5, Subchapter 4. 5.2. Access to a medium voltage or superficial treatment unit delivering 500 KeV or less, but otherwise having the same functional characteristics as the above mega-voltage units and conforming to the requirements of Chap- ter 31C and the California Radiation Control Regulations, California Code of Regulations, Title 17, Division 1, Chapter 5, Subchapter 4. 5.3. Direct access to space provided for brachytherapy equipment which shall meet the requirements of Chapter 31C and the California Radiation Control Regulations, California Code of Regulations, Title 17, Division 1, Chap- ter 5, Subchapter 4. 5.4. Shielding of the rooms shall meet the requirements of Chapter 31C and the California Radiation Control Regula- tions. California Code of Regulations, Title 17, Division 1, Chapter 5, Subchapter 4.
1224.34.3.2 Radiation protection. Cobalt, linear accelerators, hot lab and high dose rate brachytherapy rooms and simulation rooms require radiation protection. All rooms that provide radiation treatment shall be appropriately shielded. A certified physi- cist shall specify the type, location and amount of protection to be installed in accordance with final approved department layout and equipment selection. Radiation protection requirements shall be incorporated into the construction documents and comply with Chapter 31C and the requirements of California Radiation Control Regulations, California Code of Regulations, Title 17, Divi- sion 1, Chapter 5 and Subchapter 4.
1224.34.3.3 Room sizes. Rooms shall be sized as follows:
1. Cobalt rooms and linear accelerators shall be sized in accordance with equipment requirements and shall accommo- _date a gurney for litter borne patients. Layouts shall provide for preventing the escape of radioactive particles.
CRSC § 1224.34 High relevance — show source text
1224.34 NUCLEAR MEDICINE.
1224.34.1 General. If nuclear medicine is provided, the following shall be provided:
1224.34.1.1 Radiation protection. A certified physicist shall specify the type, location and amount of radiation protection to be installed in accordance with final approved department layout and equipment selection. A physicist report shall also address dosing areas and circulation paths of dosed patients, including within multi-bay scanner rooms. Radiation protection require- ments shall be incorporated into the construction documents and comply with Chapter 31C and the requirements of California Radiation Control Regulations, California Code of Regulations, Title 17, Division 1, Chapter 5, and Subchapter 4.
1224.34.1.2 Nuclear medicine room. Shall be sized to accommodate the equipment and a gurney.
When provided, the following facilities shall meet the requirements below:
1224.34.1.2.1 Scintigraphy (Gamma Camera) Facilities. Shall include the following: 1. Scanner room. The scanner room shall provide a minimum clearance of 4 feet (1218 mm) at each side and the foot of the table.
2. Handwashing stations shall be provided throughout the gamma camera suite at locations of patient contact and at locations where radiopharmaceutical materials are handled, prepared or disposed of.
1224.34.1.2.2 Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Shall include the following: 1. Scanner room shall provide a minimum clearance of 4 feet (1218 mm) at each side and the foot of the table. Additional space shall be provided when PET is combined with CT and include compliance with Section 1224.18.3 and shielding requirements in Section 1224.34.1.1. 2. Cyclotron room. Where radiopharmaceuticals are prepared on-site, a cyclotron shall be provided. Cyclotron facilities shall be located in access-restricted areas. Shielding requirements for cyclotron facilities shall comply with Section 1224.34.1.1.
3. Control room. If a control room is required based on the physicist’s report, it shall be provided with a full direct view of the patient in the PET scanner. 4. Patient uptake/cool-down room. A shielded room with access to a dedicated patient toilet, to accommodate radioac- tive waste, and lavatory shall be provided. 5. Handwashing stations shall be provided throughout the PET suite at locations of patient contact and at locations where radiopharmaceutical materials are handled, prepared or disposed of. 6. Pre-procedure patient care and recovery area shall be provided to accommodate at least two stretchers. This area shall comply with Section 1224.34.2.6. 7. Imaging equipment room shall be provided in support of the equipment provided.
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8. Contaminated (hot) soiled holding shall be provided and operationally integrated to minimize incidental exposure to ionizing radiation.
CRSC § 1224.34.2.4 High relevance — show source text
1224.34.2.4 Waiting. Waiting areas shall be provided out of traffic, under staff control. If the department is routinely used for outpatients and inpatients at the same time, separate waiting areas shall be provided with screening or visual privacy between the waiting areas.
1224.34.2.5 Dose administration area. Provide a dose administration area that is immediately accessible to the preparation area. Since as much as several hours may elapse for the dose to take effect, the area shall provide for visual privacy from other
areas.
1224.34.2.6 Pre-procedure/holding area. A pre-procedure/holding area for patients on gurneys or beds shall be provided out of traffic and under control of staff and may be combined with the dose administration area with visual privacy between the areas.
1224.34.2.7 Patient dressing rooms. Patient dressing rooms shall be immediately accessible to the waiting area and procedure rooms. Each dressing room shall include a seat or bench, a mirror, and provisions for hanging patients’ clothing and for securing valuables.
1224.34.2.8 Patient toilet room(s). Patient toilet rooms shall be reserved for nuclear medicine patients and shall be immediately accessible to waiting and procedure rooms.
1224.34.2.9 Staff toilet rooms. Staff toilet rooms shall be readily accessible to the nuclear medicine laboratory.
1224.34.2.10 Handwashing stations. Handwashing stations shall be located within each procedure room.
1224.34.2.11 Control desk and reception.
1224.34.2.12 Storage area for clean linen.
1224.34.2.13 Soiled and contaminated material. Provisions with handwashing stations shall be made for holding soiled mate- rial. Separate provisions shall be made for holding contaminated material.
1224.34.2.14 Hot lab for scintigraphy (gamma camera), PET and SPECT facilities. A securable area or room shall be provided in which radiopharmaceuticals can be safely stored and doses can be calculated and prepared. 1. A single hot lab shall be permitted to serve multiple scanners and nuclear medicine modalities. 2. The hot lab shall be shielded in compliance with Section 1224.34.1.1. 3. A source storage area, a dose area and a storage area for syringe shields shall be provided.
1224.34.3 Radiotherapy service space.
1224.34.3.1 Radiation therapy space. If radiation therapy is provided, the following shall be accommodated: 1. Patient reception and waiting areas. 2. Space for medical and physics staff functions. 3. Space for equipment and supplies. 4. Housekeeping room. 5. Direct access to space provided for radiation measurement and calibration equipment, including a calibration constancy instrument and access to a secondary standard dose meter.
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5.1. A megavoltage treatment unit capable of delivering x-rays or gamma rays of effective energy 500 KeV or more and conforming to the requirements of Chapter 31C and the California Radiation Control Regulations, Califor- _nia Code of Regulations,
CRSC § 3103C.1 High relevance — show source text
SECTION 3103C—MEDICAL RADIOGRAPHIC AND PHOTOFLUOROGRAPHIC INSTALLATIONS
3103C.1 Operator station. The operator’s station at the control shall be behind a protective barrier either in a separate room, in a protected booth or behind a shield which will intercept the useful beam and any radiation which has been scattered only once.
3103C.2 Patient observation and communication. Provision shall be made for the operator to observe and communicate with the patient without leaving the shielded position at the control panel. When an observation window is used, it must provide radiation atten- uation equal to that required in the surrounding barrier.
SECTION 3104C—MEDICAL THERAPEUTIC X-RAY INSTALLATIONS
3104C.1 General. All wall, floor and ceiling areas that can be struck by the useful beam, plus a border of 1 foot (305 mm), shall be provided with primary protective barriers.
3104C.2 Equipment operating above 50 kVp. Equipment operating above 50 kVp shall conform with the following: 1. The control station shielding shall either be an integral part of the building or anchored to the building. 2. The control station shall be provided with a window having radiation attenuation equal to that required by the adjacent barrier, or a mirror system, or a closed-circuit television viewing screen. The patient area must be visible to the operator with- out having to leave the protected area during exposure.
3104C.3 Equipment operating above 150 kVp. Equipment operating above 150 kVp shall conform to the following: 1. The treatment room shall be provided with interlocks so that when any door of the treatment room is opened, either the machine will shut off automatically or the radiation level within the room will be reduced to an average of not more than 2 milliroentgens per hour and a maximum of 10 milliroentgens per hour at a distance of one meter in any direction from the target. After such shutoff or reduction in output, it shall be possible to restore the machine to full operation only from the control panel. 2. The control station shall be within a protective booth or in an adjacent room.
3104C.4 A minimum of one door shall be provided with an auxiliary means for being opened in case of power failure or mechanical breakdown, where large power-driven doors offer the only access to the room.
3104C.5 A flashing red warning signal light energized only when the useful beam is on shall be located adjacent to the entrance(s) to a therapy room with equipment capable of operating above 500 kVp.
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31C-4 2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE
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CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 31D – FOOD ESTABLISHMENTS
(Matrix Adoption Tables are nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user. See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)
CRSC § 31B-22 High relevance — show source text
3162B Anti-Entrapment Devices and Systems . . . . . . . . . . 31B-22
CHAPTER 31C RADIATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31C-1
3101C Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31C-3
3102C Radiation Shielding Barriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31C-3
3103C Medical Radiographic and Photofluorographic Installations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31C-3
3104C Medical Therapeutic X-Ray Installations. . . . . . . . . . 31C-3
CHAPTER 31D FOOD ESTABLISHMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31D-1
3101D Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31D-3
3102D Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31D-3
3103D Buildings and Structures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31D-3
CHAPTER 31E RESERVED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31E-1
CHAPTER 31F MARINE OIL TERMINALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31F-1
3101F Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31F-3
3102F Audit and Inspection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31F-6
3103F Structural Loading Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31F-19
3104F Seismic Analysis and Structural Performance. . . . 31F-34
3105F Mooring and Berthing Analysis and Design . . . . . . 31F-48
3106F Geotechnical Hazards and Foundations . . . . . . . . . 31F-55
California Referenced Standards Code High relevance — show source text
; 2′ C.R.S. with 1″ cover on
both top and bottom flanges; 13′1″ span
restrained.|60 psf|2 hrs|||7|1, 3|2| |F/C-6-RC-34|61/4″|61/4″ thick; 43/4″ (5120 psi) concrete core;
1″ T&G board flooring;1/2″ plaster under-
coat; 4″ × 3″ × 10 lbs R.S.J.; 3′ C.R.S. flush
with top surface concrete; 12′ span simply
supported; 2″ × 1′3″ clinker concrete
insert.|100 psf|4 hrs|||7|1, 7|4| |F/C-6-RC-35|61/4″|43/4″ (3600 psi) concrete core; 1″ T&G
board flooring;1/2″ plaster undercoat; 4″ ×
3″ × 10 lbs R.S.J.; 3′ C.R.S. flush with top
surface concrete; 12′ span simply
supported; 2″ × 1′3″ clinker concrete
insert.|100 psf|2 hrs
30 min|||7|1, 5|21/2| |F/C-6-RC-36|61/4″|43/4″ (2800 psi) concrete core; 1″ T&G
board flooring;1/2″ plaster undercoat; 4″ ×
3″ × 10 lbs R.S.J.; 3′ C.R.S. flush with top
surface concrete; 12″ span simply
supported; 2″ × 1′3″ clinker concrete
insert.|80 psf|4 hrs|||7|1, 7|4| |F/C-7-RC-37|7″|(3640 psi) concrete deck;1/4″ reinforce-
ment bars at 6″ pitch with 11/2″ cover;1/4″
reinforcement bars at 5″ pitch perpendic-
ular with 11/2″ cover; 13′1″ span
restrained.|169 psf|6 hrs|||7|1, 14|6| |F/C-7-RC-38|7″|(4060 psi) concrete deck; 4″ × 3″ × 10 lbs
R.S.J.; 2′6″ C.R.S. with 11/2″ cover on both
top and bottom flanges; 4″ × 6″ × 13 SWG
mesh reinforcement 11/2″ from bottom of
slab; 13′1″ span restrained.|175 psf|6 hrs|||7|1, 14|6| |F/C-7-RC-39|71/4″|53/4″ (4010 psi) concrete core; 1″ T&G
board flooring;1/2″ plaster undercoat;
4″ × 3″ × 10 lbs R.S.J.; 2′6″ C.R.S.CRSC § 1224.39.5.7.2 High relevance — show source text
1224.39.5.7.2 Patient changing areas. Changing area(s) for outpatients shall be provided for patient clothing and for securing valuables.
1224.39.5.7.3 Patient toilet room. A patient toilet room with a handwashing station shall be directly accessible to the hyper- baric suite.
1224.39.6 OUTPATIENT OBSERVATION UNITS.
1224.39.6.1 General. If provided, outpatient observation unit(s) shall comply with the following:
1224.39.6.2 Location. The unit shall be located outside of any inpatient unit and not part of the Emergency Department. Location shall be in compliance with Section 1224.4.3. Corridor systems shall connect the unit to all Basic and applicable Supplemental Services.
1224.39.6.3 Signage. The unit shall be marked with a sign identifying the unit as an outpatient unit. The signage shall use the term “outpatient” in the title of the designated area.
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1224.39.6.4 Patient care stations. Each patient station shall provide minimum clear floor area that includes space at each bedside for visitors. Provisions for visual privacy from casual observation by other patients and visitors shall be provided. Patient care stations shall meet the following:
1224.39.6.4.1 Space requirements: 1. Single-station rooms: 110 square feet (10.2 m [2] ). A minimum distance of 3 feet (914 mm) shall be provided between the sides and foot of bed and any wall or other fixed obstructions. 2. Multi-station rooms or areas: 80 square feet (7.4 m [2] ) per patient station. A minimum distance of 3 feet (914 mm) shall be provided between beds and 4 feet (1219 mm) between the foot of beds, walls or other fixed obstructions for access/circulation.
1224.39.6.4.2 Negative-pressure isolation room with anteroom. Negative pressure isolation is optional. If provided, signage shall be labeled with the words “Negative-Pressure Room” on or adjacent to the anteroom side of the door between the isolation room and the anteroom. A separate anteroom shall be provided between the negative-pressure isolation room and the corridor, which shall constitute the primary entrance to the negative-pressure isolation room. This anteroom shall have a handwashing station, a work counter at least 3 feet (914 mm) long, cabinets and space to gown and to store clean and soiled materials. There shall be a view window from the anteroom to the isolation room and means to allow for airflow from the anteroom into the nega- tive pressure isolation room. Doors shall be aligned to allow large equipment to be wheeled into the negative-pressure isolation room unless a second entry is provided. An adjoining patient toilet room shall be provided which has an emergency nurse call system, a lavatory and a toilet equipped with a bedpan flushing attachment with a vacuum breaker.
CRSC § 31B-20 High relevance — show source text
3154B Reserved. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31B-20
3155B Reserved. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31B-20
3156B Reserved. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31B-20
3157B Reserved. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31B-21
3158B Reserved. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31B-21
3159B Reserved. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31B-21
DIVISION II – PUBLIC SWIMMING POOLS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31B-21
3160B Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31B-21
3161B Wading Pools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31B-21
3162B Anti-Entrapment Devices and Systems . . . . . . . . . . 31B-22
CHAPTER 31C RADIATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31C-1
3101C Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31C-3
3102C Radiation Shielding Barriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31C-3
3103C Medical Radiographic and Photofluorographic Installations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31C-3
3104C Medical Therapeutic X-Ray Installations. . . . . . . . . . 31C-3
CHAPTER 31D FOOD ESTABLISHMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31D-1
3101D Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31D-3
CRSC § 1009.12 High relevance — show source text
Emergency exit and panic hardware.
|SFM|Part 9, Section 1009.12| |Chapter 12-11A,
12-11B|Detectable warning products and directional
surfaces|DSA|Part 2, Sections 1112A.9, 1116A.5, 11B-247,
11B-406.5.12, 11B-705, 11B-810.5.2| |Chapter 12-12|Reserved||| |Chapter 12-13|Standards for insulating material|CA/SFM|Part 2.5, Section R302.10.1
Part 6, Section 110.8
Part 9, Section 720, Table 721.1(1)
Part 11, Section A5.504.4.8| |Chapter 12-16-1|California standard for earthquake-actuated
automatic gas shutoff systems|DSA|Part 2, Chapters 16 and 16A
Part 5, Section 1211.8| |Chapter 12-16-2|California standard for residential excess flow
actuated automatic gas shutoff valves|DSA|Part 5, Section 1209.1| |Chapter 12-31C|Radiation shielding|DPH|Part 2, Section 3102C| |Chapter 12-71|Air filters|SFM|Part 4, Sections 401.2, 509.2.3, 509.2.3.4
Part 6, Section 120.1| |Chapter 12-72-1|Protective signaling systems.
Standard test procedures.|SFM|| |Chapter 12-72-2|Protective signaling systems. Single-and
multiple-station fire alarm devices
mechanically operated type.|SFM|| |Chapter 12-72-3|Protective signaling systems. Smoke detectors,
combustion products type.|SFM||2025 CALIFORNIA REFERENCED STANDARDS CODE ix
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
x 2025 CALIFORNIA REFERENCED STANDARDS CODE
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
12-1 ADMINISTRATION
RESERVED
2025 CALIFORNIA REFERENCED STANDARDS CODE 1
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
2 2025 CALIFORNIA REFERENCED STANDARDS CODE
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
12-3 RELEASING SYSTEMS FOR SECURITY BARS IN DWELLINGS
(This standard includes provisions of Underwriters Laboratories Subject 2326, Appendix B, dated December 17, 1999, reprinted with their permission.)
INTRODUCTION
SECTION 12-3-1—SCOPE
12-3-1.1 These requirements cover releasing systems for bars, grilles, mesh, glazing or other items intended to provide security at doors and windows required for emergency escape from dwelling units. When actuated by the occupant, the system allows the obstructions over the door or window to be moved so occupants can escape in the event of an emergency.
CRSC § 403.6 High relevance — show source text
E 403.6 Protection Coatings for Metal Gas Piping. All buried or submerged metallic gas piping shall be protected from corrosion by approved coatings or wrapping materials. All gas pipe protective coatings shall be approved types, shall be machine applied, and shall conform to recognized standards. Field wrapping shall provide equivalent protection and is restricted to those short sections and fittings that are necessarily stripped for threading or welding. Risers shall be coated or wrapped to a point at least 6 inches (152 mm) above ground. [NFPA 501A:4.3.6.2.1 – 4.3.6.2.4]
E 403.7 Plastic Piping. Plastic piping shall only be used underground and shall meet the requirements of ASTM D2513 or ASTM D2517, as well as the design pressure and design limitations of 49 CFR 192.123, and shall otherwise conform to the installation requirements thereof. {NFPA 501A:4.3.6.3} E 403.8 Gas Piping Installation. All gas piping installed below ground level shall have a minimum earth cover of 18 inches (457 mm) and shall be installed with at least 12 inches (305 mm) of clearance in any direction from any other underground utility system. [NFPA 501A:4.3.7.1] E 403.8.1 Metallic Gas Piping. All metallic gas piping systems shall be installed in accordance with approved plans and specifications, including provisions for cathodic protection. Each cathodic protection system shall be designed and installed to conform to the provisions of 49 CFR 192. [NFPA 501A:4.3.7.2.1, 4.3.7.2.2]
E 403.8.2 Cathodic Protection. Where the cathodic protection system is designed to protect only the gas piping system, the gas piping system shall be electrically isolated from all other underground metallic systems or installations. Where only the gas piping system is cathodically protected against corrosion, a dielectric fitting shall be used in the manufactured home gas connection to insulate the manufactured home from the underground gas piping system. [NFPA 501A:4.3.7.2.3, 4.3.7.2.4] E 403.8.3 Underground Metallic Systems. Where a cathodic protection system is designed to provide all underground metallic systems and installations with pro
TABLE E 403.2
DEMAND FACTORS FOR USE IN CALCULATING GAS PIPING
SYSTEMS IN MANUFACTURED HOME COMMUNITIES
[NFPA 501A: TABLE 4.3.4.1]
For SI units: 1000 British thermal units per hour = 0.293 kW
410 2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE
), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.
APPENDIX E
tection against corrosion, all such systems and installations shall be electrically bonded together and protected as a whole. [NFPA 501A:4.3.7.2.5] E 403.8.4 Plastic Gas Piping. Plastic gas piping shall be used only underground and shall be installed with an electrically conductive wire for locating the pipe. The wire used to locate the plastic pipe shall be copper, not smaller in size than 18 AWG, with insulation approved for direct burial.
CRSC § 0.02 High relevance — show source text
May be used for any illuminated hardscape area on the site.**|WATTAGE ALLOWANCE PER HARDSCAPE AREA (W/ft2). May be used for any illuminated hardscape area on the site.| ||**Hardscape ornamental lighting.**Allowance for the total site illuminated hardscape area. Lumi-
naires qualifying for this allowance shall be rated for 100 watts or less as determined in
accordance with Section 130(d) and shall be post-top luminaires, lanterns, pendant luminaires or
chandeliers.|No
allowance|0.02
w/ft2|0.04
w/ft2|0.06
w/ft2| |WATTAGE ALLOWANCE PER SPECIFIC AREA (W/ft2). Use as appropriate provided that none of the following specific applications shall be
used for the same area.|WATTAGE ALLOWANCE PER SPECIFIC AREA (W/ft2). Use as appropriate provided that none of the following specific applications shall be
used for the same area.|WATTAGE ALLOWANCE PER SPECIFIC AREA (W/ft2). Use as appropriate provided that none of the following specific applications shall be
used for the same area.|WATTAGE ALLOWANCE PER SPECIFIC AREA (W/ft2). Use as appropriate provided that none of the following specific applications shall be
used for the same area.|WATTAGE ALLOWANCE PER SPECIFIC AREA (W/ft2). Use as appropriate provided that none of the following specific applications shall be
used for the same area.|WATTAGE ALLOWANCE PER SPECIFIC AREA (W/ft2). Use as appropriate provided that none of the following specific applications shall be
used for the same area.| ||**Building facades.**Only areas of building façade that are illuminated shall qualify for this allow-
ance. Luminaires qualifying for this allowance shall be aimed at the façade and shall be capable
of illuminating it without obstruction or interference by permanent building features or other
objects.|No
allowance|0.18
w/ft2|0.35
w/ft2|0.50
w/ft2| ||**Outdoor sales lots.**Allowance for uncovered sales lots used exclusively for the display of vehicles
or other merchandise for sale. Driveways, parking lots or other nonsales areas shall be considered
hardscape areas even if these areas are completely surrounded by sales lot on all sides. Luminaires
qualifying for this allowance shall be within five mounting heights of the sales lot area.|0.164
w/ft2|0.555
w/ft2|0.758
w/ft2|1.285
w/ft2| ||**Vehicle service station hardscape.**Allowance for the total illuminated hardscape area less area of
buildings, under canopies, off property or obstructed by signs or structures. Luminaires qualifying
for this allowance shall be illuminating the hardscape area and shall not be within a building, below
a canopy, beyond property lines or obstructed by a sign or other structure.|0.014
w/ft2|0.155
w/ft2|0.308
w/ft2|0.485
w/ft2| ||**Vehicle service station canopies.
Frequently asked questions
Who must follow § 12‑31C‑101?
Any project that installs radiation machines (dental X‑ray, medical radiography/therapy, particle accelerators) must use the NCRP reports named in § 12‑31C‑101 as the mandatory design basis.
Does § 12‑31C‑101 give barrier thicknesses?
No — § 12‑31C‑101 does not list numeric thicknesses. It requires compliance with the mandatory NCRP reports (which contain the calculations and tables).
Which report for a 50 MeV accelerator?
NCRP Report No. 51 covers particle accelerators in the range 0.1–100 MeV, and is therefore the mandatory reference under § 12‑31C‑101.
If I need an exception, who grants it?
§ 12‑31C‑101 itself does not describe exceptions; the building code that adopts these CRSC standards points to the state health authority (Department of Health Services or successor) for variance requests. Check the adopting code provisions for the variance procedure.
Can a local code official accept an alternate standard?
Not without proper authority. § 12‑31C‑101 makes the specified NCRP reports mandatory; any formal alternate method or variance should be pursued through the designated state health authority or through the formal variance channels in the adopting code.
More in California Referenced Standards Code
- Administration and scope — CRSC Chapter 12 overview
- Air filter standards (Chapter 12‑71)
- Building and facility access / accessibility standards (Chapters 12‑11A, 12‑11B)
- Engineering regulations — quality and design of construction materials (12‑16 series)
- Exits and means of egress (Chapters 12‑10 series)
- Protective signaling systems and detectors (Chapters 12‑72‑1, ‑2, ‑3)
- Radiation shielding standards (Chapter 12‑31C)
- Referenced standards index / cross‑reference table (Part 12 listing of referenced standards)
- Releasing systems for security bars (egress-release standards)
- Standards for insulating materials (Chapter 12‑13)
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