CRSC · California Referenced Standards Code
Design and performance limits — releasing force, dead bolts and crossbar design
Panic bars must let people exit with no more than 15 pounds of push anywhere on the bar, span at least half the door, have curved/guarded ends, not rely on springs, and must be tested for durability and emergency operation per the CRSC **§ 12-10-302** and related test requirements.
Last reviewed: July 6, 2026
What the code requires — plain English
Exit (panic) hardware that uses a cross‑bar must release the latch(s) when 15 pounds or less of horizontal pressure is applied anywhere along the bar, and the bar must span at least one‑half the door width. Any locking device or dead locking bolt must not prevent that release under the same force. The controlling rule is § 12-10-302.
The single most important rule: a person pushing the cross‑bar to exit must be able to open the door with no more than 15 lb of pressure; locks and deadbolts must not stop that release. § 12-10-302.
Requirements in detail
Releasing pressure (primary requirement)
- The releasing mechanism must allow the latch(es) to retract when pressure not to exceed 15 pounds is applied at any point along the cross‑bar, perpendicular to the door, in the direction of exit travel. § 12-10-302(a).
Cross‑bar geometry and ends
- The cross‑bar must extend across not less than one-half the width of the door. § 12-10-302(a).
- The ends of the cross‑bar must be curved, guarded, or otherwise designed to prevent catching on clothing during egress. § 12-10-302(d).
Locks and dead‑locking bolts
- A locking device used as part of the mechanism may not prevent release of the latch(es) when ≤15 lb is applied to the cross‑bar. § 12-10-302(b).
- A dead locking bolt may only be part of the mechanism if it is released and retracted and does not prevent release of the latch(es) or the door swinging outward under ≤15 lb on the cross‑bar. § 12-10-302(c).
Springs and dogging
- The release must not depend on springs to release or retract the latch(es), locking mechanism, dead bolt or vertical rods. § 12-10-302(e).
- Exit panic hardware must not be equipped with any dogging device, set screw, or other arrangement that can prevent release of the latch(es), locking device, or dead locking bolt when pressure is applied to the cross‑bar. § 12-10-302(f).
Material, durability and performance tests (key companion rules)
- Materials used in releasing mechanisms are required to have mechanical strength equivalent to brass/bronze; springs and corrosion resistance requirements are in § 12-10-303.
- The mechanism must survive endurance/performance testing — e.g., 100,000 cycles of operation per § 12-10-304(e).
- Emergency operation: after cycling, the mechanism must be so designed that a horizontal force of 50 pounds or less will actuate the release bar and latches or dead‑locking bolt when the latched/locked door is subjected to specified outward pressure. § 12-10-305(a).
- Under the emergency outward pressure test, a 250‑pound horizontal force is applied to the latching edge; cross‑bar deformation on a 36‑inch (914 mm) door must not exceed 1/4 inch (6 mm) and at least 1 inch (25 mm) spacing must be maintained between the bar and door face while the force is applied. § 12-10-304(f).
Quick reference table of decision‑relevant dimensions / values
| Item | Required value / limit | Code Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Releasing pressure for normal operation | ≤ 15 lb applied at any point along cross‑bar | § 12-10-302(a) |
| Minimum cross‑bar span | ≥ 1/2 door width | § 12-10-302(a) |
| Locking device effect | Must not prevent release at ≤ 15 lb on cross‑bar | § 12-10-302(b) |
| Dead locking bolt | Must be released/retracted and not prevent release at ≤ 15 lb | § 12-10-302(c) |
| Cross‑bar end treatment | Ends curved/guarded to prevent catching | § 12-10-302(d) |
| Dependence on springs | Prohibited for release/retract function | § 12-10-302(e) |
| Dogging devices | Prohibited if they can prevent release | § 12-10-302(f) |
| Endurance cycles | 100,000 cycles without failure | § 12-10-304(e) |
| Emergency release test force | ≤ 50 lb will actuate release after endurance | § 12-10-305(a) |
| Outward pressure during emergency test | 250 lb applied to latching edge | § 12-10-304(d) |
| Cross‑bar deformation limit (36" door) | ≤ 1/4 in (6 mm); maintain ≥ 1 in (25 mm) spacing | § 12-10-304(f) |
Exceptions & special cases
- Devices involving dead‑locking bolts may require modification of the test procedure to simulate intended in‑service conditions; such modifications must be filed for evaluation and approval before testing. (Note in § 12-10-304(c) and related text.)
- Listing by an approved listing agency does not automatically mean full compliance with these standards; the listing report may be submitted for review and acceptance but is not a substitute for meeting the Standard. § 12-10-300(c).
If a specific design detail or a variation (for example, an alternate cross‑bar geometry, special deadbolt linkage, or power‑assisted operator) is not described in these sections, the code requires submission of documentation and testing per the endurance/performance sections before acceptance (see § 12-10-304).
Common mistakes
- Assuming a listed panic bar can be dogged/locked in a way that prevents release — dogging or tamperable set screws that prevent release are prohibited (§ 12-10-302(f)).
- Relying on springs to retract or release latches or dead bolts — retraction/release must not depend on springs (§ 12-10-302(e)).
- Installing a cross‑bar that does not span at least half the door or leaving sharp/uncurved ends that can catch clothing (§ 12-10-302(a), (d)).
- Failing to document or submit modifications when dead‑locking bolts alter normal test conditions — such changes must be filed for approval per § 12-10-304.
- Confusing the normal release force (15 lb) with the emergency test threshold (50 lb) — both are required but apply in different tests/contexts (§ 12-10-302(a) and § 12-10-305(a)).
Worked example — concrete scenario
Scenario: A manufacturer designs panic hardware for a 36‑inch (914 mm) outward‑swinging exit door.
- Cross‑bar length: must extend at least 18 inches (1/2 of 36") across the door — per § 12-10-302(a).
- Release force: the mechanism must release the latch(s) when ≤ 15 lb is applied at any point along the bar (design target: 12–15 lb to add margin) — § 12-10-302(a).
- Dead bolt behavior: if a dead locking bolt is included, the linkage must ensure the deadbolt retracts so that a 15‑lb push still releases the door — § 12-10-302(c).
- Durability/verification: the assembly must pass 100,000 cycles with factory lubrication and then the emergency operation test where ≤ 50 lb will actuate the release and the door is subjected to a 250‑lb thrust at the latching edge; the cross‑bar on the 36" unit must not be permanently deformed more than 1/4 inch and must maintain ≥ 1 inch clearance to the face during that test — § 12-10-304(e),(f) and § 12-10-305(a),(d).
If the prototype meets the 15 lb release in shop tests but deforms beyond 1/4" under the 250‑lb test, the design fails the standard — the manufacturer must redesign the bar geometry or reinforcement and retest as required by § 12-10-304.
Related provisions (CRSC)
- Scope and listing note: § 12-10-300 (scope; listing does not guarantee compliance).
- Manufacturer installation instructions: § 12-10-301 (approved instructions required).
- Construction materials, springs and corrosion requirements: § 12-10-303.
- Endurance and performance test procedures (100,000 cycles, test equipment, special procedures for dead bolts): § 12-10-304.
- Emergency operation test (50 lb actuating force; 250 lb outward pressure): § 12-10-305.
- Marking requirements for listed devices and name/model marking: § 12-10-306.
- Single‑point latch/deadbolt design and releasing torque/operation rules (useful when panic hardware includes deadbolts): § 12-10-202 and § 12-10-204 (tests for latches/locks).
Code references
Grounded in the retrieved California Referenced Standards Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:
CRSC § 12-10 High relevance — show source text
(c) Listing by approved listing agency. Listing by an approved listing agency shall not be construed as necessarily indicating compliance in all respects with the requirements of these Construction Standards and Performance Tests for Emergency Exit and Panic Hardware. The test report of the listing agency may be filed for review and after evaluation, if it is found to provide evidence of conformance, the releasing device assembly may be recognized for approval and listing.
INSTRUCTIONS
Sec. 12-10-301. Approved installation instructions shall be provided by the manufacturer. Instructions shall be illustrated and shall include directions and information adequate for obtaining proper and safe installation of the equipment.
DESIGN
Sec. 12-10-302.
(a) Releasing pressure. Exit panic hardware mechanisms shall be designed to release the door latch or latches when pressure not to exceed 15 pounds is applied at any point along the cross-bar perpendicular to the door in the direction of exit travel. The cross-bar shall extend across not less than one-half the width of the door.
(b) Locking device. A locking device employed as part of the mechanism shall not prevent release of the door latch or latches when pressure of not to exceed 15 pounds is applied to the cross-bar in the direction of exit travel.
(c) Dead locking bolt. A dead locking bolt shall not be provided as a part of the mechanism unless it is released and retracted, and does not prevent release of the door latch or latches, or release of the door to swing outward when pressure not to exceed 15 pounds is applied to the cross-bar in the direction of exit travel.
(d) Cross bar. The ends of the cross-bar shall be curved, guarded or otherwise designed to prevent catching on the clothing of persons during egress.
(e) Springs. The release mechanism shall not depend on springs to release or retract the door latch or latches, locking mechanism, dead bolt or vertical rods.
(f) Dogging devices. Exit panic hardware mechanisms shall not be equipped with any locking or dogging device, set screw or other arrangement which can be used to prevent release of the door latch or latches, locking device or dead locking bolt when pressure is applied to the cross-bar.
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Sec. 12-10-303.
(a) Strength. The materials used in the assembly of a releasing mechanism shall have mechanical strength equivalent to brass or bronze to perform their intended function.
(b) Springs. Component springs used in the assembly of a releasing mechanism shall be of material having spring properties equivalent to stainless steel conforming to ASTM A313-67.
(c) Corrosion resistance of moving parts. Moving parts in the releasing mechanism assembly shall have corrosion resistance equivalent to 300 series stainless steel, or shall show no visual signs of corrosion after being subjected to a salt fog atmosphere per ASTM B117 for a period of 120 hours.
(d) Nonmoving parts. Nonmoving parts, cases and similar parts shall be of materials, or shall be coated to provide corrosion protection equivalent to 0.0005-inch-thick (0.01 mm) cadmium coated steel as determined by comparison in salt fog atmosphere per ASTM B117 for a period of not less than 16 hours.
(e) Galvanic action. Coated or uncoated metals used in the assembly of releasing mechanisms shall not be used in combination such as to cause detrimental galvanic action which may adversely affect the function of any part of the assembly.
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CRSC § 12-10 High relevance — show source text
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number or letter designation identifying the listed product shall be legibly marked on the latch or case. Such identification may be an approved marking or label on the case.
FIGURE 12-10-2.1 — STATIC LOADING FIXTURE
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FIGURE 12-10-2-2—ENDURANCE LIFE TESTING APPARATUS
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EMERGENCY EXIT AND PANIC HARDWARE
STANDARD 12-10-3
STATE FIRE MARSHAL
SCOPE
Sec. 12-10-300.
(a) Exit door hardware. These requirements and methods of test apply to releasing devices actuated by a crossbar for outwardopening doors intended for use on exit doors.
(b) Fire-exit hardware. Releasing devices intended for use on doors bearing a fire-retardant classification shall also conform to the construction standards and performance tests specified in Fire Door Assembly Tests, SFM 12-7-4, Section 12-7-400.
(c) Listing by approved listing agency. Listing by an approved listing agency shall not be construed as necessarily indicating compliance in all respects with the requirements of these Construction Standards and Performance Tests for Emergency Exit and Panic Hardware. The test report of the listing agency may be filed for review and after evaluation, if it is found to provide evidence of conformance, the releasing device assembly may be recognized for approval and listing.
INSTRUCTIONS
Sec. 12-10-301. Approved installation instructions shall be provided by the manufacturer. Instructions shall be illustrated and shall include directions and information adequate for obtaining proper and safe installation of the equipment.
DESIGN
Sec. 12-10-302.
(a) Releasing pressure. Exit panic hardware mechanisms shall be designed to release the door latch or latches when pressure not to exceed 15 pounds is applied at any point along the cross-bar perpendicular to the door in the direction of exit travel. The cross-bar shall extend across not less than one-half the width of the door.
(b) Locking device. A locking device employed as part of the mechanism shall not prevent release of the door latch or latches when pressure of not to exceed 15 pounds is applied to the cross-bar in the direction of exit travel.
(c) Dead locking bolt. A dead locking bolt shall not be provided as a part of the mechanism unless it is released and retracted, and does not prevent release of the door latch or latches, or release of the door to swing outward when pressure not to exceed 15 pounds is applied to the cross-bar in the direction of exit travel.
(d) Cross bar. The ends of the cross-bar shall be curved, guarded or otherwise designed to prevent catching on the clothing of persons during egress.
CRSC § 12-10 High relevance — show source text
EXITS
(f) Nonmetallic materials. Nonmetallic materials may be used as coatings for wearing surfaces, rollers, finishes or for similar purposes if the materials otherwise conform to these requirements.
ENDURANCE AND PERFORMANCE TESTS
Sec. 12-10-304.
(a) Testing laboratory. Tests shall be conducted at a testing laboratory approved by the State Fire Marshal, or tests shall be conducted by a qualified independent fire protection engineer, acceptable to the State Fire Marshal in test facilities acceptable to the State Fire Marshal.
(b) Report. The test report shall include a detailed description of the releasing mechanism and its intended function; engineering data, shop drawings and photographs; identification of materials as to source, composition, strength and corrosion resistance; the physical or chemical tests including dimension of parts before and after the endurance tests establishing conformance of materials. The report shall include copies of the manufacturer’s installation instructions. The report shall be verified by the laboratory or fire protection engineer responsible for the conduct of the test. The test report and evidence of listing by an approved listing agency may be provided for the applicable portions of these endurance and performance tests.
(c) Test equipment. The releasing mechanism shall be applied on a suitable door hung on heavy duty ball bearing butts or pivots installed in a suitable metal frame in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. A motor-driven mechanism shall be used to actuate the cross-bar so as to release the latches or dead-locking bolts, push the door open and jerk the door shut so that the latches or dead-locking bolts operate as in service. The rate of operation or number of cycles shall be approximately ten per minute. For the test the assembly is to have only the lubrication which is provided at the factory or as recommended by the manufacturer in his installation instructions.
Note: Mechanisms involving dead-locking bolts may require modification in the test procedure in order to simulate the intended in-service condition. Modifications in the test procedure shall be filed for evaluation and approval before proceeding with the test.
(d) Releasing pressure. The motor-driven mechanism shall be arranged to apply not to exceed 15 pounds pressure against the cross-bar to release the door latch(es) or dead-locking bolts before the door is pushed open.
(e) Cycle test. The release mechanism and latches or dead-locking bolts shall function as intended for 100,000 cycles of operation without failure or excessive wear of the parts.
EMERGENCY OPERATION TEST
Sec. 12-10-305.
(a) Releasing pressure. The release mechanism shall be so designed that a horizontal force of 50 pounds or less will actuate the release bar and latches or dead-locking bolt when the latched or locked door is subjected to outward pressure as described in Sections 12-10-305 (c) and (d). The horizontal force shall be applied at any point along the cross-bar perpendicular to the door in the direction of swing.
(b) Test specimen. The test specimen for the emergency operation test shall be the sample which has been previously subjected to the cycle test specified in Section 12-10-304.
(c) Testing instrument. The horizontal force applied to the cross-bar shall be measured with a calibrated spring scale or other approved means.
(d) Outward pressure, single door. A hydraulic loading device or load dynamometer shall be used to apply a horizontal force of 250 pounds against the latching edge in the direction in which the door opens. The thrust load shall be applied to the stile immediately above the latching mechanism.
CRSC § 12-10 High relevance — show source text
(f) Dogging devices. Exit panic hardware mechanisms shall not be equipped with any locking or dogging device, set screw or other arrangement which can be used to prevent release of the door latch or latches, locking device or dead locking bolt when pressure is applied to the cross-bar.
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Sec. 12-10-303.
(a) Strength. The materials used in the assembly of a releasing mechanism shall have mechanical strength equivalent to brass or bronze to perform their intended function.
(b) Springs. Component springs used in the assembly of a releasing mechanism shall be of material having spring properties equivalent to stainless steel conforming to ASTM A313-67.
(c) Corrosion resistance of moving parts. Moving parts in the releasing mechanism assembly shall have corrosion resistance equivalent to 300 series stainless steel, or shall show no visual signs of corrosion after being subjected to a salt fog atmosphere per ASTM B117 for a period of 120 hours.
(d) Nonmoving parts. Nonmoving parts, cases and similar parts shall be of materials, or shall be coated to provide corrosion protection equivalent to 0.0005-inch-thick (0.01 mm) cadmium coated steel as determined by comparison in salt fog atmosphere per ASTM B117 for a period of not less than 16 hours.
(e) Galvanic action. Coated or uncoated metals used in the assembly of releasing mechanisms shall not be used in combination such as to cause detrimental galvanic action which may adversely affect the function of any part of the assembly.
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(f) Nonmetallic materials. Nonmetallic materials may be used as coatings for wearing surfaces, rollers, finishes or for similar purposes if the materials otherwise conform to these requirements.
ENDURANCE AND PERFORMANCE TESTS
Sec. 12-10-304.
(a) Testing laboratory. Tests shall be conducted at a testing laboratory approved by the State Fire Marshal, or tests shall be conducted by a qualified independent fire protection engineer, acceptable to the State Fire Marshal in test facilities acceptable to the State Fire Marshal.
(b) Report. The test report shall include a detailed description of the releasing mechanism and its intended function; engineering data, shop drawings and photographs; identification of materials as to source, composition, strength and corrosion resistance; the physical or chemical tests including dimension of parts before and after the endurance tests establishing conformance of materials. The report shall include copies of the manufacturer’s installation instructions. The report shall be verified by the laboratory or fire protection engineer responsible for the conduct of the test. The test report and evidence of listing by an approved listing agency may be provided for the applicable portions of these endurance and performance tests.
(c) Test equipment. The releasing mechanism shall be applied on a suitable door hung on heavy duty ball bearing butts or pivots installed in a suitable metal frame in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. A motor-driven mechanism shall be used to actuate the cross-bar so as to release the latches or dead-locking bolts, push the door open and jerk the door shut so that the latches or dead-locking bolts operate as in service. The rate of operation or number of cycles shall be approximately ten per minute. For the test the assembly is to have only the lubrication which is provided at the factory or as recommended by the manufacturer in his installation instructions.
CRSC § 12-10 Medium relevance — show source text
(g) Vertical load test. Each latch or lock shall be installed as described in Section 12-10-204 (e). Each latch or lock shall be subjected to a vertical downward force applied perpendicular to the spindle axis through a sling which shall conform to the knob shape. A vertical downward force of 350 pounds shall be applied first to the outside knob and then to the inside knob or lever. Neither knob nor lever shall break off under the downward force. Three latches or locks shall be tested and there shall be no failures.
(h) Releasing torque test. A latch or lock set shall be installed as described in Section 12-10-204 (e). A hydraulic or pneumatic loading device shall be used to apply a horizontal force of 50 pounds against the latching edge of the test block 3 inches (76 mm) above and in the vertical center of the latch or lock spindle in such a direction that the flat of the latch bolt is forced against the edge of the latch hole in the strike. After not less than 25 unlatchings under the above-prescribed load not more than 30 inch-pounds of torque on the inside knob in either direction or 15 pounds of downward pressure on an inside lever shall be required to retract the latch bolt. After 100,000 cycles of the endurance test as described in Section 12-10-204 (i), the torque or downward pressure necessary to retract the latch bolt shall not exceed the above-prescribed limits.
(i) Endurance test. Five latches or locks shall be subjected to an accelerated endurance test as provided in this subsection. The locks shall be installed in the door of the endurance testing apparatus in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions. The latch or lock shall be operated to retract the latch, open the door, and close the door at a rate of approximately 10 cycles per minute. A cycle shall consist of the following:
Turn the inside knob to retract the latch bolt.
Open the door after the latch bolt is restricted to clear the strike.
Release the knob allowing the latch bolt to return to its extended position by action of its own spring.
After insertion of the latches or locks in the test door the torque in inch-pounds necessary to fully retract the latch bolts shall be recorded. The torque shall be the average recorded for the five latches or locks. Each sample shall be subjected to 800,000 operating cycles as described above. Each latch shall continue to extend itself per cycle 3 above throughout the test. At the end of the endurance test the torque to retract the latch bolts of any four latch bolts shall not exceed two times the initial average torque. If two latches fail to operate successfully at the end of the test or the torque of any four latches exceeds two times the initial average torque, an additional five latches or locks shall be subjected to the endurance test and the torque of any seven latches shall not exceed two times the initial average torque.
(j) Roller latches.
- Fire test. Roller latches shall be installed in a composite test fire door in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions and subjected to the fire test as described in SFM 12-7-4, for a period of 30 minutes. The latch shall be adjusted to an opening pressure of 20 pounds applied to the closing edge immediately above the latch. Throughout the test the latch shall require an applied pressure of 20 pounds to open the door.
- Endurance test. Five samples of the roller latch shall be subjected to the endurance test as described in Section 12-10-204 (i).
CRSC § 12-10 Medium relevance — show source text
Note: Mechanisms involving dead-locking bolts may require modification in the test procedure in order to simulate the intended in-service condition. Modifications in the test procedure shall be filed for evaluation and approval before proceeding with the test.
(d) Releasing pressure. The motor-driven mechanism shall be arranged to apply not to exceed 15 pounds pressure against the cross-bar to release the door latch(es) or dead-locking bolts before the door is pushed open.
(e) Cycle test. The release mechanism and latches or dead-locking bolts shall function as intended for 100,000 cycles of operation without failure or excessive wear of the parts.
EMERGENCY OPERATION TEST
Sec. 12-10-305.
(a) Releasing pressure. The release mechanism shall be so designed that a horizontal force of 50 pounds or less will actuate the release bar and latches or dead-locking bolt when the latched or locked door is subjected to outward pressure as described in Sections 12-10-305 (c) and (d). The horizontal force shall be applied at any point along the cross-bar perpendicular to the door in the direction of swing.
(b) Test specimen. The test specimen for the emergency operation test shall be the sample which has been previously subjected to the cycle test specified in Section 12-10-304.
(c) Testing instrument. The horizontal force applied to the cross-bar shall be measured with a calibrated spring scale or other approved means.
(d) Outward pressure, single door. A hydraulic loading device or load dynamometer shall be used to apply a horizontal force of 250 pounds against the latching edge in the direction in which the door opens. The thrust load shall be applied to the stile immediately above the latching mechanism.
(e) Outward pressure, double doors. A hydraulic loading device or load dynamometer shall be used to apply a horizontal force of 250 pounds against the lock stile of each door of doors in pairs 2 inches (51 mm) in from the edge at midpoint between top and bottom of each door leaf in the direction of door swing.
(f) Release bar deformation. The cross-bar on a 36-inch (914 mm) wide door shall not be permanently set or deformed in excess of [1] / 4 inch (6 mm), by the test; a spacing of at least 1 inch (25 mm) is to be provided and maintained between the cross-bar and the face of the door when the horizontal force is applied against the cross-bar.
MARKING
Sec. 12-10-306. The listee’s name (or approved symbol), type or model designation shall be plainly marked on the releasing assembly. Devices and assemblies which are not listed by an approved listing agency for the intended purpose shall bear a label or other identifying markings as approved by the State Fire Marshal.
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CHAPTERS
12-11A and 11B BUILDING AND FACILITY ACCESS SPECIFICATIONS
Detectable warning products and directional surfaces installed after January 1, 2001, shall be evaluated by an independent entity, selected by the Department of General Services, Division of the State Architect-Access Compliance, for all occupancies, including transportation and other outdoor environments, except that when products and surfaces are for use in residential housing evaluation shall be in consultation with the Department of Housing and Community Development. See Government Code Section 4460.
PRODUCT APPROVAL FOR DETECTABLE WARNING PRODUCTS AND DIRECTIONAL SURFACES
CRSC § 12-10 Medium relevance — show source text
The report shall include the manufacturer’s installation instructions. The report shall be verified by the laboratory or fire protection engineer responsible for the conduct of the test. The test report and evidence of listing by an approved listing agency may be provided for the applicable portions of these endurance and performance test procedures. Test reports prepared for other governmental agencies may be utilized to the extent that the test procedures contained herein have been duplicated.
(c) Test latches or locks.
- Samples. Samples of the test latch or lock shall be selected by the testing agency or fire protection engineer at random from the manufacturer’s current production runs. The types tested shall be considered to represent, for purposes of approval and listing, all lock types of a series, except that when there are variations of basic mechanical design and/or materials for mechanical parts, each variation shall be tested for compliance with the minimum performance test procedures.
- Modifications in design or test procedure. Devices involving dead-locking bolts, lever handles, shear pins in the outside know or other variations in design may require modifications in the test procedure in order to simulate the intended inservice conditions. Requests for modifications in the design and test procedures shall be filed for evaluation and approval by the State Fire Marshal before proceeding with the test.
(d) Test equipment.
- Static loading. The static loading apparatus used for the torque loading, axial load, vertical load and releasing torque tests shall consist of frame, test door and test block as detailed in Figure 12-10-2-1. Except as shown, materials shall be of steel, welded or bolted. The test apparatus may be of alternate design and construction having equivalent or greater rigidity.
- Endurance test. Apparatus for the endurance test shall consist of frame and test door as shown in Figure 12-10-2-2. An alternate design having equivalent or greater rigidity may be utilized. Alternate designs utilizing components of greater dimensions or greater rigidity may affect details of the approval and listing.
- Test equipment. Torque wrenches, spring scales, hydraulic or pneumatic pressure scales, or other instruments shall be calibrated in an approved manner. (e) Torque loading test. Each latch or lock shall be installed in a 1 [3] / 4 -inch (44 mm) thick test block in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions. The test block shall be installed in the static loading test fixture. The torque load shall be applied to the inside door knob or lever. The knob or lever shall be turned or depressed to fully retract the latch bolt or dead bolt before application of the torque load. The applied torque load shall be 300 inch-pounds. After removal of the torque load the latch shall automatically return to its latch position, the dead bolt shall be extended to its locked position.
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Subsequent hand turning of the knob or depressing the lever shall retract the latch or dead bolt. Three representative latches and/or locks shall be tested and there shall be no failures.
CRSC § 12-10 Medium relevance — show source text
Except as shown, materials shall be of steel, welded or bolted. The test apparatus may be of alternate design and construction having equivalent or greater rigidity. 2. Endurance test. Apparatus for the endurance test shall consist of frame and test door as shown in Figure 12-10-2-2. An alternate design having equivalent or greater rigidity may be utilized. Alternate designs utilizing components of greater dimensions or greater rigidity may affect details of the approval and listing. 3. Test equipment. Torque wrenches, spring scales, hydraulic or pneumatic pressure scales, or other instruments shall be calibrated in an approved manner. (e) Torque loading test. Each latch or lock shall be installed in a 1 [3] / 4 -inch (44 mm) thick test block in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions. The test block shall be installed in the static loading test fixture. The torque load shall be applied to the inside door knob or lever. The knob or lever shall be turned or depressed to fully retract the latch bolt or dead bolt before application of the torque load. The applied torque load shall be 300 inch-pounds. After removal of the torque load the latch shall automatically return to its latch position, the dead bolt shall be extended to its locked position.
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Subsequent hand turning of the knob or depressing the lever shall retract the latch or dead bolt. Three representative latches and/or locks shall be tested and there shall be no failures.
(f) Axial load. Each latch or lock shall be installed as described in Section 12-10-204 (e). A hydraulic loading device or load dynamometer shall be applied first to the outside knob and then to the inside knob or lever so that the force applied to the knob or lever is in line with the axis of the spindle. The axial load applied alternately to the outside knob and inside knob or lever shall be 500 pounds. Neither knob nor lever shall pull off under the axial load. Three representative latches and/or locks shall be tested and there shall be no failures.
(g) Vertical load test. Each latch or lock shall be installed as described in Section 12-10-204 (e). Each latch or lock shall be subjected to a vertical downward force applied perpendicular to the spindle axis through a sling which shall conform to the knob shape. A vertical downward force of 350 pounds shall be applied first to the outside knob and then to the inside knob or lever. Neither knob nor lever shall break off under the downward force. Three latches or locks shall be tested and there shall be no failures.
(h) Releasing torque test. A latch or lock set shall be installed as described in Section 12-10-204 (e). A hydraulic or pneumatic loading device shall be used to apply a horizontal force of 50 pounds against the latching edge of the test block 3 inches (76 mm) above and in the vertical center of the latch or lock spindle in such a direction that the flat of the latch bolt is forced against the edge of the latch hole in the strike. After not less than 25 unlatchings under the above-prescribed load not more than 30 inch-pounds of torque on the inside knob in either direction or 15 pounds of downward pressure on an inside lever shall be required to retract the latch bolt.
CRSC § 12-7 Medium relevance — show source text
(g) Self-releasing knob. The inside knob shall be free at all times. Any locking, stopworks or shut-out mechanism shall not prevent retracting the latch bolt or dead bolt to release the door by turning of the inside knob, or “T” handle, or depressing the inside lever, bar or paddle.
(h) Dead bolt operation. Operation of the inside knob shall retract both latch bolt and dead bolt simultaneously. The opening in the strike shall be of such dimensions that when the flat of the latch bolt is forced against the edge of the latch hole there shall be no pressure against the side of the dead bolt.
(i) Springs. Retraction of the latch bolt and/or dead bolt shall not depend on springs. (j) Backset. Backset shall be not less than 2 [3] / 4 inches (70 mm) or more than 5 inches (127 mm).
2025 CALIFORNIA REFERENCED STANDARDS CODE 77
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
EXITS
(k) Throw. Latches shall have a minimum latch throw of [1] / 2 inch (13 mm). Latches intended for use on fire endurance rated doors shall also conform to the requirements of SFM 12-7-4, Section 12-7-400, Fire Door Assembly Tests. (l) Roller latches. Roller latches intended for use on room to corridor doors shall have a minimum projection of [3] / 8 inch (9.5 mm) excluding any coating or sound deadening material. Stops or staking shall be provided to provide a minimum projection of 1 / 8 inch (3 mm). Spring design shall be such as will require an opening force of 20 pounds when the roller projects 3 1 / 6 inch (72 mm) in a door and frame with [1] / 8 -inch (3 mm) jamb clearance. Adjustment of the roller projection shall not be possible from the front of face plate.
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Sec. 12-10-203.
(a) Cases, interior working parts. Cases, latch or lock enclosures, and interior working parts shall be of brass, bronze, steel, monel, stainless steel or of materials equivalent in mechanical strength to brass or bronze. Cases of mortise locks may be of cast iron.
(b) Latch bolts, strikes. Latch bolts and strikes shall be of brass, bronze, monel, stainless steel or materials equivalent in mechanical strength having corrosion resistance equivalent to brass or bronze.
(c) Corrosion resistance. Cases, enclosures and internal working parts shall have corrosion resistance equivalent to cadmium plating not less than 0.00015 inch (0.004 mm) thick or zinc plating not less than 0.0004 inch (0.01 mm) thick, or processed to give equal corrosion resistance as determined by comparison in salt fog atmosphere per ASTM Method B-117.
(d) Nonmetallic materials. Nonmetallic materials may be used as coatings or for wearing surfaces, rollers and finishes, and antifriction inserts, or for similar purpose if the material otherwise conforms to these requirements.
(e) Springs. Component springs used in the assembly of a latch or lock shall be of material having spring properties equivalent to stainless steel conforming to ASTM A313.67.
ENDURANCE AND PERFORMANCE TEST PROCEDURES
Sec. 12-10-204.
CRSC § 12-10 Medium relevance — show source text
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Sec. 12-10-203.
(a) Cases, interior working parts. Cases, latch or lock enclosures, and interior working parts shall be of brass, bronze, steel, monel, stainless steel or of materials equivalent in mechanical strength to brass or bronze. Cases of mortise locks may be of cast iron.
(b) Latch bolts, strikes. Latch bolts and strikes shall be of brass, bronze, monel, stainless steel or materials equivalent in mechanical strength having corrosion resistance equivalent to brass or bronze.
(c) Corrosion resistance. Cases, enclosures and internal working parts shall have corrosion resistance equivalent to cadmium plating not less than 0.00015 inch (0.004 mm) thick or zinc plating not less than 0.0004 inch (0.01 mm) thick, or processed to give equal corrosion resistance as determined by comparison in salt fog atmosphere per ASTM Method B-117.
(d) Nonmetallic materials. Nonmetallic materials may be used as coatings or for wearing surfaces, rollers and finishes, and antifriction inserts, or for similar purpose if the material otherwise conforms to these requirements.
(e) Springs. Component springs used in the assembly of a latch or lock shall be of material having spring properties equivalent to stainless steel conforming to ASTM A313.67.
ENDURANCE AND PERFORMANCE TEST PROCEDURES
Sec. 12-10-204.
(a) Testing laboratory. Tests shall be conducted at a testing laboratory approved by the State Fire Marshal, or tests shall be conducted by a qualified independent fire protection engineer, acceptable to the State Fire Marshal, in testing facilities acceptable to the State Fire Marshal.
(b) Report. The test report shall include a detailed description of the latch or lock and its intended function; engineering data, shop drawings and photographs; identification of materials as to source, composition, strength and corrosion resistance; the physical or chemical tests including dimensions of parts before and after the endurance tests establishing conformance of materials. The report shall include the manufacturer’s installation instructions. The report shall be verified by the laboratory or fire protection engineer responsible for the conduct of the test. The test report and evidence of listing by an approved listing agency may be provided for the applicable portions of these endurance and performance test procedures. Test reports prepared for other governmental agencies may be utilized to the extent that the test procedures contained herein have been duplicated.
(c) Test latches or locks.
- Samples. Samples of the test latch or lock shall be selected by the testing agency or fire protection engineer at random from the manufacturer’s current production runs. The types tested shall be considered to represent, for purposes of approval and listing, all lock types of a series, except that when there are variations of basic mechanical design and/or materials for mechanical parts, each variation shall be tested for compliance with the minimum performance test procedures.
- Modifications in design or test procedure. Devices involving dead-locking bolts, lever handles, shear pins in the outside know or other variations in design may require modifications in the test procedure in order to simulate the intended inservice conditions. Requests for modifications in the design and test procedures shall be filed for evaluation and approval by the State Fire Marshal before proceeding with the test.
(d) Test equipment.
- Static loading. The static loading apparatus used for the torque loading, axial load, vertical load and releasing torque tests shall consist of frame, test door and test block as detailed in Figure 12-10-2-1. Except as shown, materials shall be of steel, welded or bolted.
CRSC § 12-3 Medium relevance — show source text
SECTION 12-3-9—ENDURANCE TEST
12-3-9.1 A sample of the security bar releasing system shall function as intended during 250 cycles of operation without failure or excessive wear of the parts, including serving or fraying of individual cable wires. Following the cycling, the system shall be subjected to the Operation Test.
12-3-9.2 The system shall be operated and reset as described in the manufacturer's operating instructions. As part of the cycling, it is only necessary to unlatch, disengage and reset the system, and not open the security bars to the full open position. The cycling rate shall not exceed 30 cycles per minute.
SECTION 12-3-10—ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TEST
12-3-10.1 After each of the following exposures, test assemblies shall be subjected to the Manual Actuation Test. The test shall be performed while the test assemblies are in the test chambers, or immediately after their removal from the test chamber. Opening forces after these conditionings shall not exceed the values shown in Section 12-3-8.2 or 12-3-8.3. A single sample shall be subjected to each exposure. The same sample, or different sample, shall be allowed to be used for each exposure condition.
12-3-10.2 Elevated ambient. Samples shall be conditioned in a 120°F (49°C) environment for 24 hours.
12-3-10.3 Low ambient. Samples shall be conditioned in a 32°F (0°C) environment for 24 hours.
12-3-10.4 Humidity test. Samples shall be conditioned for 24 hours in moist air having a relative humidity of 85 +/– 5 percent at a temperature of 90°F +/– 5°F (32 +/– 2°C).
SECTION 12-3-11—ABUSE TEST
12-3-11.1 A sample shall comply with the Manual Actuation Test requirements in Sections 12-3-8.2 and 12-3-8.3 after being subjected to the simulated abuse provided in Section 12-3-11.2.
12-3-11.2 The sample shall be subject to six impacts of 5 feet-pounds (6.8 N · m) each applied with a 2-inch diameter (51 mm) steel ball on portions of the release system that are most likely to adversely affect the operation of the system.
MARKINGS AND INSTRUCTIONS
SECTION 12-3-12—MARKINGS
12-3-12.1 Security bars and the latching mechanism shall be permanently marked with the company name, model number and date of manufacture. When a manufacturer produces assemblies at more than one factory, each such assembly shall have a distinctive marking to identify it as the product of a particular factory.
12-3-12.2 Symbols or diagrams shall be marked on the manual actuator to identify how to manually release the security bars. The diagram or symbols shall be readily visible to occupants when the assembly is mounted as intended.
12-3-12.3 Security bars and the latching mechanism shall be marked with the name or logo of the testing agency certifying to compliance of the products with this standard, and identification of the standard as SFM SB-2000.
12-3-12.4 Adhesive-backed labels used to provide required markings shall be suitable for the application and shall comply with UL Standard 969, 1995 Edition.
Frequently asked questions
Are dead bolts banned on panic hardware?
No. Dead‑locking bolts are permitted only if they are released and retracted so they do not prevent opening when ≤ 15 lb is applied to the cross‑bar — see § 12-10-302(c).
Can the panic bar rely on a spring to retract the latch?
No. Retraction or release must not depend on springs for the latch, dead bolt, locking mechanism or vertical rods. § 12-10-302(e).
Is it acceptable to add a dogging screw so staff can keep a door unlocked during business hours?
No. Any dogging device, set screw, or arrangement that can be used to prevent release when pressure is applied to the cross‑bar is prohibited. § 12-10-302(f).
What’s the difference between the 15 lb and 50 lb figures in the standards?
The 15 lb figure is the design/release requirement for normal operation of the cross‑bar (§ 12-10-302(a)). The 50 lb figure appears in the emergency operation test and is a post‑endurance verification that a horizontal force of 50 lb or less will actuate the bar and latches when the door is subjected to specified outward pressure (§ 12-10-305(a)).
What if my design uses a different deadbolt linkage — do I need special testing?
Yes. Designs involving dead‑locking bolts or other atypical features may require modification of the test procedure to simulate in‑service conditions; such modifications must be filed for evaluation and approval before testing. § 12-10-304(c).
More in California Referenced Standards Code
- Administration and scope — CRSC Chapter 12 overview
- Air filter standards (Chapter 12‑71)
- Building and facility access / accessibility standards (Chapters 12‑11A, 12‑11B)
- Engineering regulations — quality and design of construction materials (12‑16 series)
- Exits and means of egress (Chapters 12‑10 series)
- Protective signaling systems and detectors (Chapters 12‑72‑1, ‑2, ‑3)
- Radiation shielding standards (Chapter 12‑31C)
- Referenced standards index / cross‑reference table (Part 12 listing of referenced standards)
- Releasing systems for security bars (egress-release standards)
- Standards for insulating materials (Chapter 12‑13)
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