CFC · California Fire Code

Which referenced standards apply to fire apparatus access, hydrants and fire-flow?

Q: What standard do I use to calculate the required fire‑flow (gpm)?

Use an approved method or Appendix B as required by §507.3 . Appendix B contains the table/methodology correlating ISO methods with CBC construction types; you must attach that calculation or table result to plans.

Q: How far can a building be from the nearest hydrant?

Generally no more than 400 ft measured along an approved route (see §507.5.1 ). Exception: Group R‑3 and U occupancies equipped throughout with approved automatic sprinklers may use up to 600 ft .

Plain‑English summary: The CFC requires you to determine fire‑flow using an approved method or Appendix B (§507.3), provide hydrants sized and located according to §507.5 (and Appendix C), and give fire apparatus access roads the widths, clearances and turnarounds described in Chapter 5 and Appendix D. The files supplied include §507.3, §507.5, Appendix B/C and Appendix D text; the specific text for §503.2.6 was not in the provided files so consult your official CFC or the local fire code official for that subsection.

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Last reviewed: July 6, 2026

What the code requires — 2-4 sentences

In the California Fire Code the basic rule is that fire‑flow is set by an approved method or Appendix B (see §507.3) and that fire hydrant systems must comply with §507.5 (and Appendix C) for location, spacing and maintenance. Fire apparatus access roads must meet the specifications in Chapter 5 (Sections §503.1 and §503.2) and the more detailed guidance in Appendix D; the CFC also incorporates certain California regulations (Title 19) by reference. The text for §503.2.6 was not available in the files you provided; where I rely on fire‑access requirements I cite the nearby subsections and appendices that are present in the supplied CFC files.

The single most important point: determine required fire‑flow by §507.3 (approved method or Appendix B), then provide hydrants sized, spaced and located so they can deliver that flow and so fire apparatus can reach the building per the access rules in Chapter 5 and Appendix D.

Requirements in detail

Which CFC provisions govern referenced standards

§507.3 — Fire‑flow: Required fire‑flow is to be determined by an approved method or Appendix B. Use Appendix B (or another approved method) to establish gpm requirements.
§507.5 — Fire hydrant systems: Hydrant systems must comply with §507.5.1–§507.5.6 and Appendix C (or an approved method) for where hydrants are required, inspection/testing, clearances and physical protection.
§503 (503.1 / 503.2) and Appendix D: Fire‑apparatus access road location and minimum specifications (width, clearance, dead‑end length, turning requirements) are in Chapter 5, Section 503 and Appendix D. The specific text for §503.2.6 was not found in the provided files; related specs are at §503.2.1–§503.2.5 and Appendix D.

Decision‑relevant dimensions, thresholds and standards

Item	Required/Value	Where to read (CFC)	Code Reference
Minimum fire‑apparatus access road width (no hydrant on road)	20 ft unobstructed	§503.2.1; Appendix D (general)	§503.2.1
Minimum vertical clearance for access roads	13 ft 6 in	§503.2.1	§503.2.1
Dead‑end maximum (before turnaround required)	150 ft	§503.2.5	§503.2.5
Minimum road width when a hydrant is on the access road	26 ft (exclusive of shoulders)	Appendix D D103.1	D103.1 (Appendix D)
Required maximum distance from building to nearest hydrant (general)	400 ft (measured by approved route)	§507.5.1	§507.5.1
Exception for Group R‑3 and U with sprinklers	600 ft permitted instead of 400 ft when equipped throughout with approved automatic sprinklers	§507.5.1 (Exception)	§507.5.1
Hydrant for standpipe FDC proximity	Within 100 ft of the fire department connection (unless approved otherwise)	§507.5.1.1	§507.5.1.1
Clear space around hydrant	3 ft clear space around hydrant circumference	§507.5.5	§507.5.5
Fire‑flow methodology	Appendix B or approved method — Appendix B gives a table correlating ISO method and CBC construction types	§507.3 and Appendix B	§507.3
Hydrant location/spacing guidance	Appendix C (or CC) provides spacing/distribution methodology tied to required fire‑flow	§507.5 and Appendix C	§507.5

Notes:

Appendix B, C and D are explicitly called out in the body text as the CFC tools to implement §507.3 and §507.5 and §503—see Chapter 80 summary of appendices.

Referenced standards (how they are used)

Appendix B and Appendix C include tables and referenced standards and list the specific standards used for the calculations and layouts; the CFC makes these referenced standards enforceable per Chapter 80. Use Appendix B to determine gpm requirements (fire‑flow) and Appendix C to translate required fire‑flow into hydrant spacing/distribution; Appendix D gives the detailed access road geometry and turning/width rules.

Exceptions & special cases

Group R‑3 and Group U occupancies that are equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system may use a 600 ft hydrant separation instead of 400 ft (see §507.5.1 Exception).
Fire hydrants located on access roads trigger the wider roadway requirement (26 ft) in Appendix D D103.1.
Where public/private water mains are not available (not within 1,000 ft) Appendix CC provides alternate measures (sprinkler protection, etc.); Appendix C/CC also allows existing hydrants on public streets to be counted if access easements exist.
The fire code official is authorized to modify distances, spacing and required access where site conditions, sprinklers, topography or approved alternative protection are present — the code repeatedly gives the fire code official discretion (see §503.1.1 exceptions and §507.5.1 exception language).

Common mistakes

Assuming a single municipal hydrant automatically meets code without verifying the measured route distance to all points of the building — the 400 ft / 600 ft thresholds are measured along an approved route around the exterior (not “as the crow flies”). Always document the measured route. §507.5.1.
Placing a hydrant on a narrow access way less than 26 ft wide and expecting full pump/connection operations — Appendix D requires 26 ft where a hydrant is located on the access road (D103.1).
Trying to set required fire‑flow (gpm) without using Appendix B or an approved method: §507.3 mandates an approved method or Appendix B. Don’t substitute an ad‑hoc number.
Forgetting hydrant clearances and protection — maintain 3 ft clear around hydrants and provide physical protection where vehicle impact is likely (see §507.5.5 and §507.5.6).

Worked example — applying the rules with numbers

Scenario: A new commercial building is being sited. It is not a Group R‑3/U and is not fully sprinklered.

Access roads: Ensure an approved fire apparatus access road extends to within 150 ft of all exterior walls by an approved route, per §503.1.1. Measure and document the route. If any dead‑end exceeds 150 ft, provide the turning area required in Table D103.4 (e.g., for 151–500 ft provide a 120‑ft hammerhead or 60‑ft “Y”).
Hydrant distance: Place (or confirm) a hydrant so that no point of the building is more than 400 ft from a hydrant measured along the approved exterior route (per §507.5.1). For example, from the main building entry the measured route to the nearest proposed hydrant is 375 ft — that meets §507.5.1. If instead the building had been a sprinklered R‑3, you could allow up to 600 ft.
Hydrant placement on access road: If you seat the hydrant directly on the fire‑apparatus access road, make the road 26 ft wide (exclusive of shoulders) as required by D103.1 to allow pump and apparatus operations. Confirm 3 ft clear around hydrant (§507.5.5).
Fire‑flow: Determine required gpm using Appendix B or an approved method as required by §507.3. (Appendix B contains a table that correlates ISO methodology and CBC construction types; that table must be used or an approved alternative method must be documented with the permit submittal.) If Appendix B says the building requires X gpm, size supply mains/hydrants to deliver that flow and verify hydrant spacing/distribution per Appendix C.

Note: The actual gpm number is taken from Appendix B (or an approved hydraulic calculation) — that table/calculation was not included in the files excerpted here, so you must consult Appendix B or the local fire‑code official for the gpm result.

Common inspection / plan submit checklist (quick)

Access roads extend to within 150 ft of all exterior walls (measure route) — §503.1.1.
Access roads meet 20 ft minimum width (or 26 ft if hydrant on-road) and 13 ft 6 in vertical clearance — §503.2.1 and D103.1.
Hydrant(s) located so every point is within 400 ft (or 600 ft per exception) — §507.5.1.
Hydrant clear space 3 ft and physical protection where vehicles may hit hydrants — §507.5.5, §507.5.6.
Fire‑flow calculation attached (Appendix B or approved method) — §507.3.

Related provisions

§503.1.1 — Where fire apparatus access roads must extend (150 ft rule).
§503.2.1 — Minimum width and vertical clearance for fire‑apparatus access roads.
§503.2.5 — Dead‑end length and requirement for turnarounds.
Appendix D (D101–D103) — Detailed minimum specifications for fire apparatus access roads (26‑ft width with hydrant, turning templates, hammerhead/Y/circle).
Appendix B — Fire‑flow requirements for buildings (method/table to determine required gpm per building type).
Appendix C / CC — Fire hydrant locations and distribution (spacing/number methodology tied to required fire‑flow).
§507.5.2–.6 — Hydrant system inspection/testing/maintenance, hydrant protection and obstruction rules.
§3307.2 / §3307.2.1 — Temporary water supply and minimum temporary fire‑flow for construction activities (special construction rules).

Note on §503.2.6: I could not locate the specific text of §503.2.6 in the files you provided. Where the code text for that subsection is required to resolve a detailed question, consult your official CFC copy or the local fire code official; in the meantime I relied on the surrounding §503.2 subsections and Appendix D (which are present in the supplied material) to describe access requirements.

Code references

Grounded in the retrieved California Fire Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

CFC § 507.3 High relevance — show source text
507.3 Fire flow. Fire-flow requirements for buildings or portions of buildings and facilities shall be determined by an approved method or Appendix B.

507.4 Water supply test. The fire code official shall be notified prior to the water supply test. Water supply tests shall be witnessed by the fire code official or approved documentation of the test shall be provided to the fire code official prior to final approval of the water supply system.

507.5 Fire hydrant systems. Fire hydrant systems shall comply with Sections 507.5.1 through 507.5.6 and Appendix C or by an approved method.

507.5.1 Where required. Where a portion of the facility or building hereafter constructed or moved into or within the jurisdiction is more than 400 feet (122 m) from a hydrant on a fire apparatus access road, as measured by an approved route around the exterior of the facility or building, on-site fire hydrants and mains shall be provided where required by the fire code official.

Exception: For Group R-3 and Group U occupancies, equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, 903.3.1.2 or 903.3.1.3, the distance requirement shall be not more than 600 feet (183 m).

507.5.1.1 Hydrant for standpipe systems. Buildings equipped with a standpipe system installed in accordance with Section 905 shall have a fire hydrant within 100 feet (30 480 mm) of the fire department connections.

Exception: The distance shall be permitted to exceed 100 feet (30 480 mm) where approved by the fire code official.

507.5.2 Inspection, testing and maintenance. Fire hydrant systems shall be subject to periodic tests as required by the fire code official. Fire hydrant systems shall be maintained in an operative condition at all times and shall be repaired where defective. Additions, repairs, alterations and servicing shall comply with approved standards. Records of tests and required maintenance shall be maintained.

507.5.3 Private fire service mains and water tanks. Private fire service mains and water tanks shall be periodically inspected, tested and maintained in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 5.
1. Private fire hydrants of all types: Inspection annually and after each operation; flow test and maintenance annually.
2. Fire service main piping: Inspection of exposed, annually; flow test every 5 years.
3. Fire service main piping strainers: Inspection and maintenance after each use.
Records of inspections, testing and maintenance shall be maintained.

507.5.4 Obstruction. Unobstructed access to fire hydrants shall be maintained at all times. The fire department shall not be deterred or hindered from gaining immediate access to fire protection equipment or fire hydrants.

507.5.5 Clear space around hydrants. A 3-foot (914 mm) clear space shall be maintained around the circumference of fire hydrants, except as otherwise required or approved.

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FIRE SERVICE FEATURES

507.5.6 Physical protection. Where fire hydrants are subject to impact by a motor vehicle, guard posts or other approved means shall comply with Section 312.

SECTION 508—FIRE COMMAND CENTER
CFC § 102.7 High relevance — show source text
Chapters 68 through 79 Reserved for future use.

PART VI—REFERENCED STANDARDS

Chapter 80 Referenced Standards

Chapter 80 lists all of the product and installation standards and codes that are referenced throughout Chapters 1 through 67 and includes identification of the promulgators and the section numbers in which the standards and codes are referenced. As stated in Section 102.7, these standards and codes become an enforceable part of the code (to the prescribed extent of the reference) as if printed in the body of the code.

PART VII—APPENDICES

Appendix Chapter 4 Special Detailed Requirements Based on Use and Occupancy

Appendix Chapter 4 provides detailed criteria for special uses and occupancies. The unique characteristics of a live/work unit as opposed to a 30-story high-rise building call for specific standards for each. Twenty-seven sections address covered and open mall buildings, atri- ums, hospitals, stages, buildings where hazardous materials are used and stored, jails and prisons, ambulatory care facilities and storm shelters, among other special occupancy issues.

Appendix A Board of Appeals

Appendix A contains the provisions for appeal and the establishment of a board of appeals. The provisions include the application for an appeal, the makeup of the board of appeals and the conduct of the appeal process.

Appendix B Fire-Flow Requirements for Buildings

Appendix B provides a tool for the use of jurisdictions in establishing a policy for determining fire-flow requirements in accordance with Section 507.3. The primary tool used in this appendix is a table that presents fire flow based on construction type and building area based on the correlation of the Insurance Services Office (ISO) method and the construction types used in the CBC.

Appendix BB Fire-flow Requirements for Buildings

The procedures determining fire-flow requirements for any school buildings or portions of buildings hereafter constructed for which review and approval is required under Subdivision(a) of Section 17280 of the Government Code shall be in accordance with this appendix as amended by the state fire marshal.

Appendix C Fire Hydrant Locations and Distribution

Appendix C focuses on the location and spacing of fire hydrants, which is important to the success of firefighting operations. This particular appendix gives one methodology based on the required fire flow that fire departments can work with to set a policy for hydrant distribution around new buildings and facilities in conjunction with Section 507.5.

Appendix CC Fire Hydrant Locations and Distribution

Fire hydrants shall be provided in accordance with this appendix for the protection of any school buildings, or portions thereof, hereafter constructed for which review and approval are required under Subdivision(a) of Section 17280 of the Government Code.

Appendix D Fire Apparatus Access Roads

Appendix D contains more detailed elements for use with the basic access requirements found in Section 503. This appendix, like Appendices B and C, is a tool for jurisdictions looking for guidance in establishing access requirements and includes criteria for multiple-family residential developments, large one- and two-family subdivisions, specific examples for various types of turnarounds for fire department apparatus and parking regulatory signage.

Appendix E Hazard Categories

Appendix E contains guidance in the classifying of hazardous materials so that proposed designs can be evaluated intelligently and accurately. The descriptive materials and explanations of hazardous materials and how to report and evaluate them on a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) are intended to be instructional as well as informative.

Appendix F Hazard Ranking
California Fire Code High relevance — show source text
BB103 Modifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX BB-3

BB104 Fire Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX BB-3

BB105 Fire-Flow Requirements for Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX BB-3

APPENDIX C FIRE HYDRANT LOCATIONS AND

DISTRIBUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX C-3

C101 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX C-3

C102 Number of Fire Hydrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX C-3 C103 Fire Hydrant Spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX C-4 C104 Consideration of Existing Fire Hydrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX C-4 C105 Referenced Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX C-4

APPENDIX CC FIRE HYDRANT LOCATIONS AND

DISTRIBUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX CC-3

CC101 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX CC-3

CC102 Location. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX CC-3

CC103 Number of Fire Hydrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX CC-3 CC104 Consideration of Existing Fire Hydrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX CC-3 CC105 Distribution of Fire Hydrants. . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX CC-3

APPENDIX D FIRE APPARATUS

ACCESS ROADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX D-3

D101 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .APPENDIX D-3
CFC § 1.1. High relevance — show source text
Exceptions:
1. The fire code official is authorized to increase the dimension of 150 feet (45 720 mm) where any of the following conditions occur:
1.1. The building is equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, 903.3.1.2 or 903.3.1.3. 1.2. Fire apparatus access roads cannot be installed because of location on property, topography, waterways, nonnegotiable grades or other similar conditions, and an approved alternative means of fire protection is provided. 1.3. There are not more than two Group R-3 or Group U occupancies. 2. Where approved by the fire code official, fire apparatus access roads shall be permitted to be exempted or modified for solar photovoltaic power generation facilities.

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FIRE SERVICE FEATURES

503.1.2 Additional access. The fire code official is authorized to require more than one fire apparatus access road based on the potential for impairment of a single road by vehicle congestion, condition of terrain, climatic conditions or other factors that could limit access.

503.1.3 High-piled storage. Fire department vehicle access to buildings used for high-piled combustible storage shall comply with the applicable provisions of Chapter 32.

503.2 Specifications. Fire apparatus access roads shall be installed and arranged in accordance with Sections 503.2.1 through 503.2.8.

[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.05(a)] Fire Department Access and Egress. (Roads)

(a) Roads. Required access roads from every building to a public street shall be all-weather hard-surfaced (suitable for use by fire apparatus) right-of-way not less than 20 feet in width. Such right-of-way shall be unobstructed and maintained only as access to the public street.

Exception: The enforcing agency may waive or modify this requirement if in his opinion such all-weather hard-surfaced condition is not necessary in the interest of public safety and welfare.

503.2.1 Dimensions. Fire apparatus access roads shall have an unobstructed width of not less than 20 feet (6096 mm), exclusive of shoulders, except for approved security gates in accordance with Section 503.6, and an unobstructed vertical clearance of not less than 13 feet 6 inches (4115 mm).

503.2.2 Authority. The fire code official shall have the authority to require or permit modifications to the required access widths where they are inadequate for fire or rescue operations or where necessary to meet the public safety objectives of the jurisdiction.

503.2.3 Surface. Fire apparatus access roads shall be designed and maintained to support the imposed loads of fire apparatus and shall be surfaced so as to provide all-weather driving capabilities.

503.2.4 Turning radius. The required turning radius of a fire apparatus access road shall be determined by the fire code official.

503.2.5 Dead ends. Dead-end fire apparatus access roads in excess of 150 feet (45 720 mm) in length shall be provided with an approved area for turning around fire apparatus.
CFC § 507.5. High relevance — show source text
Appendix BB Fire-flow Requirements for Buildings

The procedures determining fire-flow requirements for any school buildings or portions of buildings hereafter constructed for which review and approval is required under Subdivision(a) of Section 17280 of the Government Code shall be in accordance with this appendix as amended by the state fire marshal.

Appendix C Fire Hydrant Locations and Distribution

Appendix C focuses on the location and spacing of fire hydrants, which is important to the success of firefighting operations. This particular appendix gives one methodology based on the required fire flow that fire departments can work with to set a policy for hydrant distribution around new buildings and facilities in conjunction with Section 507.5.

Appendix CC Fire Hydrant Locations and Distribution

Fire hydrants shall be provided in accordance with this appendix for the protection of any school buildings, or portions thereof, hereafter constructed for which review and approval are required under Subdivision(a) of Section 17280 of the Government Code.

Appendix D Fire Apparatus Access Roads

Appendix D contains more detailed elements for use with the basic access requirements found in Section 503. This appendix, like Appendices B and C, is a tool for jurisdictions looking for guidance in establishing access requirements and includes criteria for multiple-family residential developments, large one- and two-family subdivisions, specific examples for various types of turnarounds for fire department apparatus and parking regulatory signage.

Appendix E Hazard Categories

Appendix E contains guidance in the classifying of hazardous materials so that proposed designs can be evaluated intelligently and accurately. The descriptive materials and explanations of hazardous materials and how to report and evaluate them on a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) are intended to be instructional as well as informative.

Appendix F Hazard Ranking

The information in Appendix F is intended to be a companion to the specific requirements of Chapters 51 through 67, which regulate the storage, handling and use of all hazardous materials classified as either physical or health hazards. This appendix lists the various hazardous materials categories that are defined in this code, along with the NFPA 704 hazard ranking for each.

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Appendix G Cryogenic Fluids—Weight and Volume Equivalents

Appendix G gives the fire code official and design professional a ready reference tool for the conversion of the liquid weight and volume of cryogenic fluid to their corresponding volume of gas and vice versa and is a companion to the provisions of Chapter 55 of this code. Note that this appendix is for information purposes and is not intended for adoption.

Appendix H Hazardous Materials Management Plan (HMMP) and Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement (HMIS) Instructions

Appendix H is intended to assist businesses in establishing a Hazardous Materials Management Plan (HMMP) and Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement (HMIS) based on the classification and quantities of materials that would be found on-site, in storage or in use. The sample forms and available Safety Data Sheets (SDS) provide the basis for the evaluations. It is also a companion to CFC Sections 407.5 and 407.6, which provide the requirement that the HMIS and HMMP be submitted when required by the fire code official.

Appendix I Fire Protection Systems—Noncompliant Conditions
CFC § 1274.04 High relevance — show source text
or otherwise posted to provide for unobstructed visibility from that_ intersection.

(f) In all cases, the address shall be posted at the beginning of construction and shall be maintained thereafter.

[CCR, Title 14 §1274.04]

SECTION 404—WATER SUPPLY

404.1 General. An approved water source shall have an adequate water supply for the use of the fire protection service to protect buildings and structures from exterior fire sources or to suppress structure fires within the wildland-urban interface area of the jurisdiction in accordance with this section.

404.2 Required water supply. An approved water supply capable of supplying the required fire flow for structural fire protection and wildland fire exposure shall be provided to the premises on which facilities, buildings or portions of buildings are hereafter constructed or moved into or within the jurisdiction in accordance with Section 507 of the California Fire Code.

404.3 Draft sites. Approved draft sites shall be provided at natural water sources intended for use as fire protection for compliance with this code. The design, construction, location, access and access maintenance of draft sites shall be approved by the code official.

404.3.1 Access. The draft site shall have emergency vehicle access from an access road in accordance with Section 403.

404.3.2 Pumper access points. The pumper access point shall be either an emergency vehicle access area alongside a conforming access road or an approved driveway not longer than 150 feet (45 720 mm). Pumper access points and access driveways shall be designed and constructed in accordance with all codes and ordinances enforced by this jurisdiction. Pumper access points shall not require the pumper apparatus to obstruct a road or driveway.

404.4 Hydrants. Hydrants shall be designed and constructed in accordance with nationally recognized standards. The location and access shall be approved by the code official. The number and spacing of fire hydrants shall be in accordance with Appendix C or CC of the California Fire Code, as applicable.

404.5 Adequate water supply. Fire-flow requirements shall be determined in accordance with Appendix B or BB of the California Fire Code, as applicable.

404.6 Reserved.

404.7 Obstructions. Access to water sources required by this code shall be unobstructed at all times. The fire department shall not be deterred or hindered from gaining immediate access to water source equipment, fire protection equipment or hydrants.

404.8 Identification. Water sources, draft sites, hydrants and fire protection equipment and hydrants shall be clearly identified in a manner approved by the code official to identify location and to prevent obstruction by parking and other obstructions. Each fire hydrant and access to a water supply shall be identified in accordance with one of the following: 1. Where located along a driveway, a reflectorized blue marker with a minimum dimension of 3 inches (73 mm) shall be located on the driveway address sign and mounted on a fire-retardant post. 2. Where located along an access road: 2.2. A reflectorized blue marker with a minimum dimension of 3 inches (73 mm) shall be mounted on a fire-retardant post. The signpost shall be within 3 feet (914 mm) of said fire hydrant with the sign not less than 3 feet (914 mm) nor greater than 5 feet (1524 mm) above ground, in a horizontal position and visible from the driveway. _2.3.
California Fire Code High relevance — show source text
APPENDIX CC FIRE HYDRANT LOCATIONS AND

DISTRIBUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX CC-3

CC101 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX CC-3

CC102 Location. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX CC-3

CC103 Number of Fire Hydrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX CC-3 CC104 Consideration of Existing Fire Hydrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX CC-3 CC105 Distribution of Fire Hydrants. . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX CC-3

APPENDIX D FIRE APPARATUS

ACCESS ROADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX D-3

D101 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .APPENDIX D-3

D102 Required Access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .APPENDIX D-3 D103 Minimum Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . .APPENDIX D-3 D104 Commercial and Industrial Developments . . . . . . . . . . . . .APPENDIX D-4 D105 Aerial Fire Apparatus Access Roads . . . .APPENDIX D-4 D106 Multiple-Family Residential Developments. . . . . . . . . . . .APPENDIX D-5 D107 One- or Two-Family Residential Developments. . . . . . . . . . . .APPENDIX D-5 D108 Referenced Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .APPENDIX D-5

APPENDIX E HAZARD CATEGORIES . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX E-3

E101 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX E-3

E102 Hazard Categories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX E-3 E103 Evaluation of Hazards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX E-7

E104 GHS Hazardous Materials Definitions . . . APPENDIX E-8

E105 Referenced Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX E-20

APPENDIX F HAZARD RANKING . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX F-3

F101 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX F-3
CFC § 903.3.1.1 High relevance — show source text
A 50-percent spacing increase shall be permitted where the building is equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1 of the_California Fire Code_.
g. A 25-percent spacing increase shall be permitted where the building is equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section
903.3.1.2 or 903.3.1.3 of the_California Fire Code_ or Section P2904 of the_California Residential Code_.
h. The fire code official is authorized to modify the location, number and distribution of fire hydrants based on site-specific constraints and hazards.|

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APPENDIX C—FIRE HYDRANT LOCATIONS AND DISTRIBUTION

SECTION C103—FIRE HYDRANT SPACING

C103.1 Hydrant spacing. Fire apparatus access roads and public streets providing required access to buildings in accordance with Section 503 shall be provided with one or more fire hydrants, as determined by Section C102.1. Where more than one fire hydrant is required, the distance between required fire hydrants shall be in accordance with Sections C103.2 and C103.3.

C103.2 Average spacing. The average spacing between fire hydrants shall be in accordance with Table C102.1.

Exception: The average spacing shall be permitted to be increased by 10 percent where existing fire hydrants provide all or a portion of the required number of fire hydrants.

C103.3 Maximum spacing. The maximum spacing between fire hydrants shall be in accordance with Table C102.1.

SECTION C104—CONSIDERATION OF EXISTING FIRE HYDRANTS

C104.1 Existing fire hydrants. Existing fire hydrants on public streets are allowed to be considered as available to meet the requirements of Sections C102 and C103. Existing fire hydrants on adjacent properties are allowed to be considered as available to meet the requirements of Sections C102 and C103 provided that a fire apparatus access road extends between properties and that an easement is established to prevent obstruction of such roads.

SECTION C105—REFERENCED STANDARD

C105.1 General. See Table C105.1 for standards that are referenced in various sections of this appendix. Standards are listed by the standard identification with the effective date, standard title, and the section or sections of this appendix that reference the standard.

TABLE C105.1—REFERENCED STANDARDS Col2 Col3

STANDARD ACRONYM STANDARD NAME SECTIONS HEREIN REFERENCED

CRC—25 California Residential Code Table C102.1

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CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE

APPENDIX CC – FIRE HYDRANT LOCATIONS AND DISTRIBUTION

(Matrix Adoption Tables are nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user. See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)
CFC § 304.8 High relevance — show source text
- The California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 19, Division 1 provisions that are found in the California Fire Code are a reprint from the current CCR, Title 19, Division 1 text for the code user’s convenience only. The scope, applicability and appeals procedures of CCR, Title 19, Division I remain the same.
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APPENDIX D-2 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

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D FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROADS

The provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance or legislation of the jurisdiction.

User notes:

About this appendix: Appendix D contains more detailed elements for use with the basic access requirements found in Section 503, which gives some minimum criteria, such as a maximum length of 150 feet and a minimum width of 20 feet, but in many cases does not state specific criteria. This appendix, like Appendices B and C, is a tool for jurisdictions looking for guidance in establishing access requirements and includes criteria for multiple-family residential developments, large one- and two-family subdivisions, specific examples for various types of turnarounds for fire department apparatus and parking regulatory signage.

ICC code development note: Code change proposals to this appendix will be considered by the IFC Code Development Committee during the 2024 (Group A) Code Development Cycle.

SECTION D101—GENERAL

D101.1 Scope. Fire apparatus access roads shall be in accordance with this appendix and all other applicable requirements of the California Fire Code .

SECTION D102—REQUIRED ACCESS

D102.1 Access and loading. Facilities, buildings or portions of buildings hereafter constructed shall be accessible to fire department apparatus by way of an approved fire apparatus access road with an asphalt, concrete or other approved driving surface capable of supporting the imposed load of fire apparatus weighing up to 75,000 pounds (34 050 kg).

SECTION D103—MINIMUM SPECIFICATIONS

D103.1 Access road width with a hydrant. Where a fire hydrant is located on a fire apparatus access road, the minimum road width shall be 26 feet (7925 mm), exclusive of shoulders (see Figure D103.1).

FIGURE D103.1—DEAD-END FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROAD TURNAROUND

60-FOOT “Y”

MINIMUM CLEARANCE AROUND A FIRE HYDRANT

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

D103.2 Grade. Fire apparatus access roads shall not exceed 10 percent in grade.

Exception: Grades steeper than 10 percent as approved by the fire code official.

D103.3 Turning radius. The minimum turning radius shall be determined by the fire code official.

D103.4 Dead ends. Dead-end fire apparatus access roads in excess of 150 feet (45 720 mm) shall be provided with width and turnaround provisions in accordance with Table D103.4.

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APPENDIX D—FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROADS
CFC § 3306.6 Medium relevance — show source text
3306.6 Portable fire extinguishers. Structures under construction, alteration or demolition shall be provided with not less than one approved portable fire extinguisher in accordance with Section 906 and sized for not less than ordinary hazard as follows:
1. At each stairway on all floor levels where combustible materials have accumulated.
2. In every storage and construction shed.
3. Additional portable fire extinguishers shall be provided where special hazards exist including, but not limited to, the storage and use of flammable and combustible liquids.
SECTION 3307—FIRE DEPARTMENT SITE ACCESS AND WATER SUPPLY

3307.1 Required access. Approved vehicle access for firefighting shall be provided to all construction or demolition sites. Vehicle access shall be provided to within 100 feet (30 480 mm) of temporary or permanent fire department connections. Vehicle access shall be provided by either temporary or permanent roads, capable of supporting vehicle loading under all weather conditions. Vehicle access shall be maintained until permanent fire apparatus access roads are available.

3307.1.1 Key boxes. Key boxes shall be provided as required by Chapter 5.

[BE] 3307.1.2 Stairways required. Where building construction exceeds 40 feet (12 192 mm) in height above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access, a temporary or permanent stairway shall be provided. As construction progresses, such stairway shall be extended to within one floor of the highest point of construction having secured decking or flooring.

3307.1.3 Maintenance. Required means of egress and required accessible means of egress shall be maintained during construction and demolition, remodeling or alterations and additions to any building.

Exception: Approved temporary means of egress and accessible means of egress systems and facilities.

3307.2 Water supply for fire protection. An approved water supply for fire protection, either temporary or permanent, shall be made available as soon as combustible building materials arrive on the site, on commencement of vertical combustible construction and on installation of a standpipe system in buildings under construction, in accordance with Sections 3307.2.1 through 3307.4.

Exception: The fire code official is authorized to reduce the fire-flow requirements for isolated buildings or a group of buildings in rural areas or small communities where the development of full fire-flow requirements is impractical.

3307.2.1 Combustible building materials. When combustible building materials of the building under construction are delivered to a site, a minimum fire flow of 500 gallons per minute (1893 L/m) shall be provided. The fire hydrant used to provide this fire-flow supply shall be within 500 feet (152 m) of the combustible building materials, as measured along an approved fire apparatus access lane. Where the site configuration is such that one fire hydrant cannot be located within 500 feet (152 m) of all combustible building materials, additional fire hydrants shall be required to provide coverage in accordance with this section.

3307.2.2 Vertical construction of Types III, IV and V construction. Prior to commencement of vertical construction of Type III, IV or V buildings that utilize any combustible building materials, the fire flow required by Sections 3307.2.2.1 through 3307.2.2.3 shall be provided, accompanied by fire hydrants in sufficient quantity to deliver the required fire flow and proper coverage.
CFC § 1.1.6 Medium relevance — show source text
1.1.6 Nonbuilding standards, orders and regulations. Requirements contained in the California Fire Code, or in any other referenced stan- dard, code or document, which are not building standards as defined in Health and Safety Code, Section 18909 shall not be construed as part of the provisions of this code. For nonbuilding standards, orders and regulations, see other titles of the California Code of Regulations.

1.1.7 Order of precedence and use.

1.1.7.1 Differences. In the event of any differences between these building standards and the standard reference documents, the text of these building standards shall govern.

1.1.7.2 Specific provisions. Where a specific provision varies from a general provision, the specific provision shall apply.

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DIVISION I—CALIFORNIA ADMINISTRATION

1.1.7.3 Conflicts. When the requirements of this code conflict with the requirements of any other part of the California Building Stan- dards Code, Title 24, the most restrictive requirements shall prevail.

1.1.7.3.1. Detached one- and two-family dwellings, efficiency dwelling units, lodging houses, live/work units, townhouses not more than three stories above grade plane with a separate means of egress, and their accessory structures, may be designed and constructed in accordance with the California Building Code or the California Residential Code, but not both, unless the proposed structure(s) or element(s) exceed the design limitations established in the California Residential Code, and the code user is specially directed by the California Residential Code to use the California Building Code.

1.1.8 City, county or city and county amendments, additions or deletions. The provisions of this code do not limit the authority of city, county or city and county governments to establish more restrictive and reasonably necessary differences to the provisions contained in this code pursuant to complying with Section 1.1.8.1. The effective date of amendments, additions or deletions to this code of a city, county or a city and county filed pursuant to Section 1.1.8.1 shall be the date filed. However, in no case shall the amend- ments, additions or deletions to this code be effective any sooner than the effective date of this code.

Local modifications shall comply with Health and Safety Code, Section 18941.5 for Building Standards Law, Health and Safety Code, Section 17958 for State Housing Law or Health and Safety Code, Section 13869.7 for Fire Protection Districts.

1.1.8.1 Findings and filings. 1. The city, county or city and county shall make express findings for each amendment, addition or deletion based upon climatic, topographical or geological conditions. Exception: Hazardous building ordinances and programs mitigating unreinforced masonry buildings. 2. The city, county or city and county shall file the amendments, additions or deletions expressly marked and identified as to the applicable findings. Cities, counties, cities and counties and fire departments shall file the amendments, additions or deletions, and the findings with the California Building Standards Commission at 2525 Natomas Park Drive, Suite 130, Sacramento, CA 95833.

CFC § C104 High relevance — show source text

C103.3 Maximum spacing. The maximum spacing between fire hydrants shall be in accordance with Table C102.1.

SECTION C104—CONSIDERATION OF EXISTING FIRE HYDRANTS

C104.1 Existing fire hydrants. Existing fire hydrants on public streets are allowed to be considered as available to meet the requirements of Sections C102 and C103. Existing fire hydrants on adjacent properties are allowed to be considered as available to meet the requirements of Sections C102 and C103 provided that a fire apparatus access road extends between properties and that an easement is established to prevent obstruction of such roads.

SECTION C105—REFERENCED STANDARD

C105.1 General. See Table C105.1 for standards that are referenced in various sections of this appendix. Standards are listed by the standard identification with the effective date, standard title, and the section or sections of this appendix that reference the standard.

TABLE C105.1—REFERENCED STANDARDS	Col2	Col3
STANDARD ACRONYM	STANDARD NAME	SECTIONS HEREIN REFERENCED
CRC—25	California Residential Code	Table C102.1

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CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE

APPENDIX CC – FIRE HYDRANT LOCATIONS AND DISTRIBUTION

(Matrix Adoption Tables are nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user. See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

Adopting Agency	BSC	BSC- CG	SFM	Col5	HCD	Col7	Col8	DSA	Col10	OSHPD	Col12	Col13	Col14	Col15	Col16	BSCC	DPH	AGR	DWR	CEC	CA	SL	SLC
Adopting Agency	BSC	BSC- CG	T-24	T-19*	1	2	1/AC	AC	SS	1	1R	2	3	4	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
Adopt Entire Chapter			X
Adopt Entire Chapter as amended (amended sections listed below)
Adopt only those sections that are listed below
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1]
Chapter / Section

The California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 19, Division 1 provisions that are found in the California Fire Code are a reprint from the current CCR, Title 19, Division 1 text for the code user’s convenience only. The scope, applicability and appeals procedures of CCR, Title 19, Division I remain the same.

CFC § 304.8 Medium relevance — show source text

SECTION D102—REQUIRED ACCESS

D102.1 Access and loading. Facilities, buildings or portions of buildings hereafter constructed shall be accessible to fire department apparatus by way of an approved fire apparatus access road with an asphalt, concrete or other approved driving surface capable of supporting the imposed load of fire apparatus weighing up to 75,000 pounds (34 050 kg).

SECTION D103—MINIMUM SPECIFICATIONS

D103.1 Access road width with a hydrant. Where a fire hydrant is located on a fire apparatus access road, the minimum road width shall be 26 feet (7925 mm), exclusive of shoulders (see Figure D103.1).

FIGURE D103.1—DEAD-END FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROAD TURNAROUND

60-FOOT “Y”

MINIMUM CLEARANCE AROUND A FIRE HYDRANT

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

D103.2 Grade. Fire apparatus access roads shall not exceed 10 percent in grade.

Exception: Grades steeper than 10 percent as approved by the fire code official.

D103.3 Turning radius. The minimum turning radius shall be determined by the fire code official.

D103.4 Dead ends. Dead-end fire apparatus access roads in excess of 150 feet (45 720 mm) shall be provided with width and turnaround provisions in accordance with Table D103.4.

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APPENDIX D—FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROADS

TABLE D103.4—REQUIREMENTS FOR DEAD-END FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROADS	Col2	Col3
LENGTH (feet)	WIDTH (feet)	TURNAROUNDS REQUIRED
0–150	20	None required
151–500	20	120-foot Hammerhead, 60-foot “Y” or 96-foot diameter cul-de-sac in accordance with Figure D103.1
501–750	26	120-foot Hammerhead, 60-foot “Y” or 96-foot diameter cul-de-sac in accordance with Figure D103.1
Over 750	Special approval required	Special approval required
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.	For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.	For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

D103.5 Fire apparatus access road gates. Gates securing the fire apparatus access roads shall comply with all of the following criteria:

Where a single gate is provided, the gate width shall be not less than 20 feet (6096 mm). Where a fire apparatus road consists of a divided roadway, the gate width shall be not less than 12 feet (3658 mm).
Gates shall be of the horizontal swing, horizontal slide, vertical lift or vertical pivot type.
Construction of gates shall be of materials that allow manual operation by one person.
Gate components shall be maintained in an operative condition at all times and replaced or repaired when defective.
Electric gates shall be equipped with a means of opening the gate by fire department personnel for emergency access. Emergency opening devices shall be approved by the fire code official.
Methods of locking shall be submitted for approval by the fire code official.
Electric gate operators, where provided, shall be listed in accordance with UL 325.

CFC § 105.6.7 High relevance — show source text
Permit 105.6.7 Power supply 907.6.2 Presignal feature Telephone dialing devices 907.6.6.1 Testing 907.8 Where required, existing buildings 1103.7 Where required, new buildings 907.2 Zones 907.6.4

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INDEX

Commercial cooking 904.14 Fire alarm system interconnection 904.3.5, 907.6 Flammable and combustible liquids 5704.3.7.5.1, 5704.3.8.4 Flammable finishing 2404.6, 2405.4.1, 2406.4, 2407.4 Hazardous materials 5005.1.8

Monitoring 904.3.5 Permit 105.6.1

Required 904.2 Firefighters Air replenishment systems Appendix l Emergency responder enhancement communications systems (ERCES) 510, 1103.2 Hazards to 316

Pitfalls 316.3 Safety 101.3 Fire-Flow Requirements 507.3 Fireplaces, Portable Outdoor (see Portable Outdoor Fireplaces) Fire-Resistance Rating Defined 202

Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction 701.2 Fire-Resistant Joint System Defined 202 Fire-Retardant Coatings 803.4 Treatments for natural cut trees

806.1.4

Fireworks (see Explosives and Fireworks) Defined 202

Prohibited 5601.1.3 Retail display and sale 5609.1 Fireworks Display Damage from 5601.2.4.2 Defined 202 Fixed Base Operator (FBO) Defined 202 Fixed Seating 202, 1004.6 Means of egress 1030 Occupant load factor 1004.5 Flame Arrestors 5704.2.7.3.2

Flame Retardant (see Fire-Retardant Coatings) Tents, air-supported, air-inflated and tensioned membrane structures

3104.2

Flame Spread Defined 202

Flame Spread Index Defined 202 Flaming Foods and Beverages 308.1.10 Flammable Cryogenic Fluid Defined 202 Flammable Finishes Chapter 24 Defined 202

Dipping operations 2405 Electrostatic apparatus 2407 Floor surfacing 2410 Powder coating 2406 Protection of operations 2403 Spray finishing 2404 Ventilation 2404.9, 2405.7, 2406.7, 2407.7, 2409.6, 2410.5 Flammable Gas Chapter 58

Fire and Smoke Protection Features

Chapter 7 Fire Apparatus Access Road 202, 503, Appendix D Aerial fire apparatus D105 Fire lane D103.6, 202, 503.3 Gates and barricades D103.5, 503.5,

503.6

Obstructions 503.4 Specifications D103, 503.2 Fire Area 901.4.4

Defined 202

Fire Barrier

Defined 202
CFC § 3-15 Medium relevance — show source text
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15 319 Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing). . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16 320 Battery Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17 321 Artificial Combustible Vegetation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19 322 Powered Micromobility Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19

323 Road Tunnels, Bridges and Other Limited Access Highways [SFM]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-20

CHAPTER 4 EMERGENCY PLANNING AND

PREPAREDNESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3

401 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

402 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

403 Emergency Preparedness Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 404 Fire Safety, Evacuation and Lockdown Plans . . . . . . 4-10 405 Emergency Evacuation Drills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13 406 Employee Training and Response Procedures. . . . . 4-15

407 Hazard Communication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15

CHAPTER 5 FIRE SERVICE FEATURES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3

501 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

502 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

503 Fire Apparatus Access Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3 504 Access to Building Openings and Roofs . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5 505 Premises Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
CFC § 2808.10 Medium relevance — show source text
2808.10 Emergency plan. The owner or operator shall develop a plan for monitoring, controlling and extinguishing spot fires and submit the plan to the fire code official for review and approval.

SECTION 2809—EXTERIOR STORAGE OF FINISHED LUMBER AND SOLID BIOFUEL PRODUCTS

2809.1 General. Exterior storage of finished lumber and solid biofuel products shall comply with Sections 2809.2 through 2809.5.

2809.2 Size of piles. Exterior storage shall be arranged to form stable piles with a maximum height of 20 feet (6096 mm). Piles shall not exceed 150,000 cubic feet (4248 m [3] ) in volume.

2809.3 Fire apparatus access roads. Fire apparatus access roads in accordance with Section 503 shall be located so that a maximum grid system unit of 50 feet by 150 feet (15 240 mm by 45 720 mm) is established.

2809.4 Security. Permanent storage areas shall be surrounded with an approved fence. Fences shall be not less than 6 feet (1829 mm) in height.

Exceptions:
1. Lumber piles inside of buildings and production mills for lumber, plywood and veneer.
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LUMBER YARDS AND AGRO-INDUSTRIAL, SOLID BIOMASS AND WOODWORKING FACILITIES
1. Solid biofuel piles inside of buildings and agro-industrial processing facilities for solid biomass feedstock.
2809.5 Fire protection. An approved hydrant and hose system or portable fire-extinguishing equipment suitable for the fire hazard involved shall be provided for open storage yards. Hydrant and hose systems shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 24. Portable fire extinguishers complying with Section 906 shall be located so that the distance of travel from the nearest unit does not exceed 75 feet (22 860 mm).

SECTION 2810 —OUTDOOR STORAGE OF PALLETS AT PALLET MANUFACTURING AND RECYCLING FACILITIES

2810.1 General. The outside storage of wood pallets and wood composite pallets on the same site as a pallet manufacturing or pallet recycling facility shall comply with Sections 2810.2 through 2810.11.

2810.2 Site plan. Each site shall maintain a current site plan. The site plan shall be submitted to the fire code official for approval and contain all of the following:
1. Lot lines.
2. Utilities.
3. Size, location and type of construction of the buildings on the property.
4. Presence of the fire protection systems.
5. Water supply sources for firefighting purposes.
6. Location of hazardous material storage areas.
7. Location of pallet storage.
8. Equipment protected with a dust collection system.
9. Fire apparatus access roads.
10. Designated smoking areas.
11. Location of fire alarm control panels.
2810.3 Fire prevention plan. The owner or owner’s authorized representative shall submit a fire prevention plan for review and approval by the fire code official that includes all of the following:
1. Frequency of walk-through inspections to verify compliance with the plan.
2. Hot work permit program in accordance with Chapter 35.
3. Preventative maintenance program for equipment associated with pallet activities.
4. Inspection, testing and maintenance of fire protection systems in accordance with Chapter 9.
CFC § 501.3.1 Medium relevance — show source text
501.3.1 Site safety plan. The owner or owner’s authorized agent shall be responsible for the development, implementation and maintenance of an approved written site safety plan in accordance with Section 3303.

501.4 Timing of installation. Where fire apparatus access roads or a water supply for fire protection are required to be installed, such protection shall be installed and made serviceable prior to and during the time of construction except where approved alternative methods of protection are provided. Temporary street signs shall be installed at each street intersection where construction of new roadways allows passage by vehicles in accordance with Section 505.2.

SECTION 502—DEFINITIONS

502.1 Definitions. The following terms are defined in Chapter 2:

AGENCY.

FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROAD.

FIRE COMMAND CENTER.

FIRE DEPARTMENT MASTER KEY.

FIRE LANE.

KEY BOX.

TRAFFIC CALMING DEVICES.

SECTION 503—FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROADS

503.1 Where required. Fire apparatus access roads shall be provided and maintained in accordance with Sections 503.1.1 through 503.1.3.

503.1.1 Buildings and facilities. Approved fire apparatus access roads shall be provided for every facility, building or portion of a building hereafter constructed or moved into or within the jurisdiction. The fire apparatus access road shall comply with the requirements of this section and shall extend to within 150 feet (45 720 mm) of all portions of the facility and all portions of the exterior walls of the first story of the building as measured by an approved route around the exterior of the building or facility.

Exceptions:
1. The fire code official is authorized to increase the dimension of 150 feet (45 720 mm) where any of the following conditions occur:
1.1. The building is equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, 903.3.1.2 or 903.3.1.3. 1.2. Fire apparatus access roads cannot be installed because of location on property, topography, waterways, nonnegotiable grades or other similar conditions, and an approved alternative means of fire protection is provided. 1.3. There are not more than two Group R-3 or Group U occupancies. 2. Where approved by the fire code official, fire apparatus access roads shall be permitted to be exempted or modified for solar photovoltaic power generation facilities.

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FIRE SERVICE FEATURES

503.1.2 Additional access. The fire code official is authorized to require more than one fire apparatus access road based on the potential for impairment of a single road by vehicle congestion, condition of terrain, climatic conditions or other factors that could limit access.

503.1.3 High-piled storage. Fire department vehicle access to buildings used for high-piled combustible storage shall comply with the applicable provisions of Chapter 32.

503.2 Specifications. Fire apparatus access roads shall be installed and arranged in accordance with Sections 503.2.1 through 503.2.8.

[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.05(a)] Fire Department Access and Egress. (Roads)
CFC § 5-3 Medium relevance — show source text
503 Fire Apparatus Access Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3 504 Access to Building Openings and Roofs . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5 505 Premises Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5

506 Key Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5 507 Fire Protection Water Supplies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6 508 Fire Command Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7

509 Fire Protection and Utility Equipment Identification and Access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

510 Emergency Responder Communications Enhancement Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

CHAPTER 6 BUILDING SERVICES AND SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . .6-3

601 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

602 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

603 Electrical Equipment, Wiring and Hazards . . . . . . . . . 6-3 604 Elevator Operation, Maintenance and Fire Service Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5 605 Fuel-Fired Appliances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6 606 Commercial Cooking Equipment and Systems . . . . . 6-9 607 Commercial Cooking Oil Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10 608 Mechanical Refrigeration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10 609 Hyperbaric Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13 610 Clothes Dryer Exhaust Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13

CHAPTER 7 FIRE AND SMOKE PROTECTION

FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-3

701 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3
CFC § 3204.2. Medium relevance — show source text
Exception: Multiple class high-piled storage areas do not need to be separated where in accordance with Section 3204.2.

3206.4 Automatic sprinklers. Automatic sprinkler systems shall be provided in accordance with Sections 3207, 3208 and 3209.

3206.4.1 Pallets. Automatic sprinkler system requirements based on the presence of pallets shall be in accordance with NFPA 13.

3206.4.1.1 Plastic pallets. Plastic pallets listed and labeled in accordance with FM 4996 or UL 2335 shall be treated as wood pallets for determining required sprinkler protection.

3206.5 Fire detection. Where fire detection is required by Table 3206.2, an approved automatic fire detection system shall be installed throughout the high-piled storage area. The system shall be monitored and be in accordance with Section 907.

3206.6 Building access. Fire apparatus access roads in accordance with Section 503 shall be provided within 150 feet (45 720 mm) of all portions of the exterior walls of buildings used for high-piled storage.

Exception: Where fire apparatus access roads cannot be installed because of topography, railways, waterways, nonnegotiable grades or other similar conditions, the fire code official is authorized to require additional fire protection.

3206.7 Fire department access doors. Where fire department access doors are required by Table 3206.2, fire department access doors shall be provided in accordance Sections 3206.7.1 through 3206.7.8.

3206.7.1 Exterior walls without fire department access doors. Fire department access doors are not required in an exterior wall that does not face a fire apparatus access road provided that all of the following conditions occur:
1. The opposite exterior wall faces a fire apparatus access road.
2. The opposite exterior wall is provided with fire department access doors.
3. The entire interior surface of the exterior wall is less than 150 feet (45 720 mm) away from a fire department access door.
4. The building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
3206.7.2 Where located. Where exterior walls surrounding high-piled storage areas face fire apparatus access roads, such walls shall be provided with fire department access doors.

3206.7.3 Access to doors. Fire department access doors shall be able to be accessed without the use of a ladder.

3206.7.4 Marking on fire department access doors. Fire department access doors shall be labeled on the exterior side with the following sign or other approved sign:

FIRE DEPARTMENT ACCESS DOOR

DO NOT BLOCK

The lettering shall be in a contrasting color to the background. Letters shall have a minimum height of 2 inches (51 mm) with a minimum stroke of [3] / 8 inch (10 mm).

3206.7.5 Number of doors required. The required fire department access doors shall be distributed such that the lineal distance between adjacent fire department access doors does not exceed 125 feet (38 100 mm) measured center to center.

Exception: The linear distance between adjacent access doors shall not exceed 200 feet (60 960 mm) in existing buildings where change in occupancy is not proposed.

3206.7.6 Door size and type. Fire department access doors shall be not less than 3 feet (914 mm) in width and 6 feet 8 inches (2032 mm) in height. Roll-up doors shall not be considered fire department access doors unless approved.
CFC § 1207.8.1. Medium relevance — show source text
See Section 1207.8.1.
b. See Section 1207.8.2.
c. Where approved by the fire code official, fire suppression systems are permitted to be omitted.
d. In outdoor walk-in units, spacing is not required between ESS units and the walls of the enclosure.|a. See Section 1207.8.1.
b. See Section 1207.8.2.
c. Where approved by the fire code official, fire suppression systems are permitted to be omitted.
d. In outdoor walk-in units, spacing is not required between ESS units and the walls of the enclosure.|a. See Section 1207.8.1.
b. See Section 1207.8.2.
c. Where approved by the fire code official, fire suppression systems are permitted to be omitted.
d. In outdoor walk-in units, spacing is not required between ESS units and the walls of the enclosure.|a. See Section 1207.8.1.
b. See Section 1207.8.2.
c. Where approved by the fire code official, fire suppression systems are permitted to be omitted.
d. In outdoor walk-in units, spacing is not required between ESS units and the walls of the enclosure.|

1207.8.1 Remote outdoor installations. For the purpose of Table 1207.8, remote outdoor installations include ESS located more than 100 feet (30 480 mm) from buildings, lot lines, public ways, stored combustible materials, hazardous materials, high-piled stock and other exposure hazards. (Material based on NFPA 855 2023 Ed.)

1207.8.2 Installations near exposures. For the purpose of Table 1207.8, installations near exposures include all outdoor ESS installations that do not comply with Section 1207.8.1 remote outdoor location requirements. (Material based on NFPA 855 2023 Ed.)

1207.8.3 Clearance to exposures. ESS located outdoors shall be separated by a minimum of 10 feet (3048 mm) from the following exposures:
1. Lot lines.
2. Public ways.
3. Buildings.
4. Stored combustible materials.
5. Hazardous materials.
6. High-piled stock.
7. Other exposure hazards.
Exceptions: (Material based on NFPA 855 2023 Ed.)
1. Clearances are permitted to be reduced to 3 feet (914 mm) where a 1-hour free-standing fire barrier suitable for exterior use and extending 5 feet (1524 mm) above and 5 feet (1524 mm) beyond the physical boundary of the ESS installation is provided to protect the exposure.
2. Clearances to buildings are permitted to be reduced to 3 feet (914 mm) where noncombustible exterior walls with no openings or combustible overhangs are provided on the wall adjacent to the ESS and the fire-resistance rating of the exterior wall is a minimum of 2 hours.
3. Clearances to buildings are permitted to be reduced to 3 feet (914 mm) where a weatherproof enclosure constructed of noncombustible materials is provided over the ESS, and it has been demonstrated that a fire within the enclosure will not ignite combustible materials outside the enclosure based on large-scale fire testing complying with Section 1207.1.7.

CFC § 302.1 Medium relevance — show source text

2|Purpose|Y|||||||51176|4201| |302|Wildland-Urban
Interface Area
Designations|Y||||||||| |302.1|Mapping|Y|||4904.2||||51178|4202
4203(a)
4204| |302.2|Review of wildland-
urban interface areas|Y|||||||51181|4204| |Chapter 4|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements| |401|General|Y||||||||| |401.1|Scope|Y||||||||| |401.2|Objective|Y||||1273.00||||| |401.3|General safety
precautions|Y||||||||| |402|Applicability|Y|||||||||

APPENDIX H-26 2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

APPENDIX H—REFERENCED CALIFORNIA DOCUMENTS

2025 CWUIC—continued	Col2	Adopted Yes/No	IWUIC Section	CBC Section	CFC Section	Title 14, Division 1.5 Section	Title 19, Division 1 Section	Gov Code Section	PRC Section	HSC Section
Section	Title	Title	Title	Title	Title	Title	Title	Title	Title	Title
Chapter 4	Wildland-urban interface area requirements	Wildland-urban interface area requirements	Wildland-urban interface area requirements	Wildland-urban interface area requirements	Wildland-urban interface area requirements	Wildland-urban interface area requirements	Wildland-urban interface area requirements	Wildland-urban interface area requirements	Wildland-urban interface area requirements	Wildland-urban interface area requirements
402.1	Subdivisions	Y
402.1.1	Access	Y			503
402.1.2	Water supply	Y			507
402.1.2.1	Parcel map approval	Y						1275.01
402.2	Individual structures	Y			503 507
402.2.1	Access	Y			503
402.2.2	Water supply	Y			507
402.3	Existing conditions	N			505.1
403	Access	Y				1273
403.1	General	Y				1273.00
403.1.1	Section 403 definitions	Y				1270.01(f)
403.1.2	Width	Y				1273.01(a) 1273.

CFC § 905.7 Medium relevance — show source text
[F] 905.7 Cabinets. Cabinets containing firefighting equipment such as standpipes, fire hoses, fire extinguishers or fire department valves shall not be blocked from use or obscured from view.

[F] 905.7.1 Cabinet equipment identification. Cabinets shall be identified in an approved manner by a permanently attached sign with letters not less than 2 inches (51 mm) high in a color that contrasts with the background color, indicating the equipment contained therein.

Exceptions:
1. Doors not large enough to accommodate a written sign shall be marked with a permanently attached pictogram of the equipment contained therein.
2. Doors that have either an approved visual identification clear glass panel or a complete glass door panel are not required to be marked.
[F] 905.7.2 Locking cabinet doors. Cabinets shall be unlocked.

Exceptions:
1. Visual identification panels of glass or other approved transparent frangible material that is easily broken and allows
access.
1. Approved locking arrangements.
2. Group I-3 occupancies and in mental health areas of Group I-2 occupancies.
[F] 905.8 Dry standpipes. Dry standpipes shall not be installed.

Exception: Where subject to freezing and in accordance with NFPA 14.

[F] 905.9 Valve supervision. Valves controlling water supplies shall be supervised in the open position so that a change in the normal position of the valve will generate a supervisory signal at the supervising station required by Section 903.4.1. Where a fire alarm system is provided, a signal shall be transmitted to the control unit.

Exceptions:
1. Valves to underground key or hub valves in roadway boxes do not require supervision.
2. Valves locked in the normal position and inspected as provided in this code in buildings not equipped with a fire alarm system.
[F] 905.10 During construction. Standpipe systems required during construction and demolition operations shall be provided in accordance with Section 3311.

[F] 905.11 Locking standpipe outlet caps. The fire code official is authorized to require locking caps on the outlets on standpipes where the responding fire department carries key wrenches for the removal that are compatible with locking FDC connection caps.

SECTION 906—PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

[F] 906.1 Where required. Portable fire extinguishers shall be installed in all of the following locations:
1. In Group A, B, E, F, H, I, L, M, R-1, R-2, R-2.1, R-2.2, R.3.1, R-4 and S occupancies. Exception: In Group R-2 occupancies, portable fire extinguishers shall be required only in locations specified in Items 2 through 6 where each dwelling unit is provided with a portable fire extinguisher having a minimum rating of 1-A:10-B:C.
9-22 2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS
1. Within 30 feet (9144 mm) distance of travel from commercial cooking equipment and from domestic cooking equipment in Group R-2 college dormitory occupancies.
2. In areas where flammable or combustible liquids are stored, used or dispensed.
3. On each floor of structures under construction, except Group R-3 occupancies, in accordance with Section 3315.1 of the California Fire Code .
CFC § 4-3 Medium relevance — show source text
402 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

403 Emergency Preparedness Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 404 Fire Safety, Evacuation and Lockdown Plans . . . . . . 4-10 405 Emergency Evacuation Drills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13 406 Employee Training and Response Procedures. . . . . 4-15

407 Hazard Communication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15

CHAPTER 5 FIRE SERVICE FEATURES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3

501 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

502 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

503 Fire Apparatus Access Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3 504 Access to Building Openings and Roofs . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5 505 Premises Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5

506 Key Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5 507 Fire Protection Water Supplies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6 508 Fire Command Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7

509 Fire Protection and Utility Equipment Identification and Access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

510 Emergency Responder Communications Enhancement Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

CHAPTER 6 BUILDING SERVICES AND SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . .6-3

601 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

602 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

Frequently asked questions

What standard do I use to calculate the required fire‑flow (gpm)?

Use an approved method or Appendix B as required by §507.3. Appendix B contains the table/methodology correlating ISO methods with CBC construction types; you must attach that calculation or table result to plans.

How far can a building be from the nearest hydrant?

Generally no more than 400 ft measured along an approved route (see §507.5.1). Exception: Group R‑3 and U occupancies equipped throughout with approved automatic sprinklers may use up to 600 ft.

If a hydrant is on the access road, does the road need to be wider?

Yes — where a fire hydrant is located on a fire‑apparatus access road the minimum unobstructed road width is 26 ft, per Appendix D D103.1.

Do I need to test/maintain private hydrants and mains?

Yes — private hydrant systems and private fire mains must be inspected, tested and maintained per §507.5.2 and §507.5.3 (references to Title 19 for specifics on frequency and records).

Can existing public hydrants be used to meet spacing requirements?

Yes — existing public‑street hydrants may be counted per Appendix C/C C if access is available; Appendix C also allows a 10% spacing increase when existing hydrants provide some of the required service.

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