CFC · California Fire Code

When are luminous egress path markings and nonexit identification required?

Q: When exactly does "high‑rise" trigger § 1025 requirements?

The luminous marking requirement in § 1025.1 applies to high‑rise buildings listed by occupancy (Groups A, B, E, I‑1, M, R‑1). The CFC text references high‑rise as the trigger; for the code definition of "high‑rise" (height threshold) consult the applicable building code provision for “high‑rise” in Chapter 4/30 (this document cites the application but the exact definition text is found elsewhere in the code).

Q: Can I use electrically illuminated strips instead of photoluminescent material?

No — the luminous egress path markings specified in § 1025 are permitted to be self‑luminous or photoluminescent and must not require an electrical charge to maintain the required luminance. Electrically powered exit signs are governed separately.

Q: What qualifies as an "approved sign" under § 1032.5 for nonexit doors?

The code requires an approved sign identifying the room name or use where a door can be confused with an egress door. Exact lettering, size and mounting are subject to approval by the fire code official and any local sign requirements — the CFC text itself sets the obligation, not the graphic spec.

Q: Are there exceptions when the minimum stripe **1‑inch** width does not apply?

Yes — several subsections state that the 1‑inch minimum does not apply where outlining stripes or markings are listed in accordance with UL 1994 . See the specific exception language in the subsections for steps, handrails, demarcation lines and obstacles.

In short: the CFC requires approved self‑luminous or photoluminescent markings along the exit path in specified **high‑rise** occupancies (details and sizes in **§ 1025**) and requires an approved sign identifying any door that could be mistaken for an exit (**§ 1032.5**).

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Last reviewed: July 6, 2026

What the code requires — plain English

Luminous egress path markings are required in high‑rise buildings of certain occupancies to delineate the exit path; the rule is set out in § 1025 of the California Fire Code.
Nonexit identification (signs for doors that can be confused with exit doors) is required where a door is adjacent to, built like, and could be mistaken for a means‑of‑egress door; the requirement is in § 1032.5.

The single most important rule: in required locations the exit path must be visibly and uniformly delineated with approved luminous materials (not electrically charged), and any door that could be mistaken for an exit must be labeled to identify the room or use.

Requirements in detail

Scope — where luminous markings are required

Luminous egress path markings are required in high‑rise buildings of the listed occupancies (CFC): Group A, B, E, I‑1, M, or R‑1, per § 1025.1. An express exception: markings are not required on the level of exit discharge in lobbies that serve as part of the exit path (see the exception to § 1025.1).

Where within the exit path markings must be provided

Markings are required in interior exit stairways, interior exit ramps, and exit passageways (see § 1025.2 and subsections).

What the markings must look like / minimum dimensions and placement

Use the table below for the decision‑relevant dimensions and values:

Element / decision factor	Required value or threshold (bolded where first used)	Code Reference
Occupancies requiring luminous markings	High‑rise buildings of Group A, B, E, I‑1, M, R‑1	§ 1025.1
Exception for lobby at exit discharge level	Lobby level of exit discharge serving as part of exit path is exempt	§ 1025.1 (Exception)
Steps — outlining stripe width	Minimum 1 inch, maximum 2 inches (minimum 1" does not apply to stripes listed to UL 1994)	§ 1025.2.1
Steps — horizontal placement	Stripe placed not more than 1/2 inch from the leading edge; may overlap vertical face not more than 1/2 inch	§ 1025.2.1
Landings	Leading edge of landings marked consistent with step requirements	§ 1025.2.2
Handrails	Solid continuous stripe, minimum 1 inch wide, top surface for entire length; gaps at bends ≤ 4 inches	§ 1025.2.3
Perimeter demarcation lines	1–2 inches wide; interruptions ≤ 4 inches; wall or floor placement per subsections	§ 1025.2.4–1025.2.4.2
Obstacles (when to mark)	If obstacle is at or below 6 ft 6 in (1981 mm) in height and projects > 4 inches (102 mm) into egress path	§ 1025.2.5
Obstacles — marking style	Outline with pattern of alternating equal bands (luminous + black), bands ≤ 2 inches thick, angled 45°; stripe width ≥ 1 inch (UL 1994 exception)	§ 1025.2.5
Doors in the exit path — low‑location exit symbol	Minimum 4 inches high; mounted centered horizontally on the door; top of symbol ≤ 18 inches above finished floor	§ 1025.2.6.1
Doors — door hardware marking	Not less than 16 square inches of luminous material on or adjacent to the handle/escutcheon; panic bar — luminous ≥ 1 inch wide full length	§ 1025.2.6.2
Doors — door frame marking	Solid continuous 1–2 inch stripe on top and sides of frame (may be on surrounding wall if moldings insufficient)	§ 1025.2.6.3
Uniformity	Placement and dimensions must be consistent and uniform throughout the same enclosure	§ 1025.3
Materials allowed	Self‑luminous or photoluminescent materials permitted; no electrical charge to maintain luminance; comply with UL 1994 or ASTM E2072 (with modified charging and luminance criteria)	§ 1025.4
Photoluminescent charging/illumination	Photoluminescent markings require ≥ 1 footcandle (11 lux) of illumination for 60 minutes prior to occupancy and continuously during occupancy; ASTM E2072 variant requires 30 mcd/m² at 10 minutes and 5 mcd/m² at 90 minutes after specified charging	§ 1025.4; § 1025.5
Nonexit identification	Any door adjacent to, constructed similar to, and that can be confused with an egress door must have an approved sign identifying room name/use	§ 1032.5

(Each table row cites the precise CFC subsection that contains the requirement.)

Material/standards notes

The code permits self‑luminous or photoluminescent materials provided they do not require an electrical charge to maintain luminance; acceptable standards are UL 1994 or ASTM E2072 (with the charging/luminance adjustments noted in § 1025.4).
When photoluminescent materials are used, the code explicitly requires pre‑occupancy charging illumination and continuous illumination during occupancy (see § 1025.5).

Exceptions & special cases

Lobby exception: luminous markings are not required on the level of exit discharge in lobbies that serve as part of the exit path (Exception to § 1025.1).
UL‑listed product exceptions: several minimum dimension rules (for example, the 1‑inch minimum stripe width) do not apply where the outlining stripe is listed to UL 1994 — see the specific exceptions in § 1025.2.1, 1025.2.3, 1025.2.4, 1025.2.5.
Demarcation lines shall not extend in front of exit discharge doors that lead out of an exit and through which occupants must travel to complete the exit path (see exceptions to § 1025.2.4.1 and 1025.2.4.2).

If a specific condition (e.g., historic building, alternate listed product) seems to conflict with the prescriptive rule, consult the fire code official for approval per the exceptions and UL listed allowances noted in the cited subsections.

Common mistakes

Assuming luminous markings apply to all buildings — they apply to high‑rise buildings of specified occupancies per § 1025.1, not every building type.
Using photoluminescent material without providing the required 1 footcandle charging illumination for 60 minutes and continuous occupancy illumination (error vs § 1025.5).
Confusing electrically illuminated exit signs (building electrical signage) with luminous egress path markings (these must not require electrical charge to maintain the luminance feature when used as egress path markings) — see § 1025.4.
Failing to label nonexit doors that look like exit doors — § 1032.5 requires an approved sign identifying room name/use where confusion is possible.
Incorrect placement/size of the low‑location exit symbol (must be ≥ 4 in high and top ≤ 18 in above finished floor) or insufficient luminous area on hardware (must be ≥ 16 sq in), per § 1025.2.6 subsections.

Worked example — applying the rule with numbers

Scenario: You are designing egress markings for an interior exit stair in a high‑rise Group R‑1 hotel.

Steps: apply an outlining stripe 1 inch wide across the horizontal leading edge of each tread; place it ≤ 1/2 inch from the leading edge; permit up to 1/2 inch overlap onto the riser. (This follows § 1025.2.1.)
Handrails: add a 1‑inch wide luminous stripe on the top surface along the full length (including extensions). If the handrail turns a corner, ensure any gap in the stripe is ≤ 4 inches. (Per § 1025.2.3.)
Door through exit path: mount a low‑location luminous exit symbol at least 4 inches high, centered on the door with the top of the symbol no higher than 18 inches above the finished floor. Add 16 square inches of luminous material at/around the door hardware (or a 1‑inch wide luminous treatment across a panic bar). (Per § 1025.2.6.1–.2.)
Obstacle (e.g., standpipe) projecting 5 inches at 6 ft high into the path: outline it with alternating luminous + black bands; make bands no more than 2 inches thick and use at least 1‑inch stripe width. (Per § 1025.2.5.)
Material choice: choose a photoluminescent product listed to UL 1994 or tested to ASTM E2072 with the code‑specified charging/luminance numbers; if photoluminescent, provide 1 footcandle illumination for 60 minutes before occupancy and continuously while occupied to meet § 1025.5.

Related provisions (quick list)

§ 1025 — Luminous egress path markings (entire section).
§ 1025.2.1 — Steps: stripe size & placement.
§ 1025.2.3 — Handrail markings.
§ 1025.2.5 — Obstacles marking thresholds and style.
§ 1025.2.6 — Door, hardware and frame requirements (including low‑location symbol).
§ 1025.4 — Acceptable materials and standards (UL 1994, ASTM E2072).
§ 1025.5 — Photoluminescent illumination/charging requirements.
§ 1032.5 — Nonexit identification (approved sign for doors that can be confused with exit doors).

If you need, I can extract the precise sentence text (verbatim) from each cited subsection, produce a one‑page spec sheet for installers, or sketch a typical stair landing layout that shows stripe locations and dimensions.

Code references

Grounded in the retrieved California Fire Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

CFC § 1024.8 High relevance — show source text
In each case, openings into the fire-resistance-rated construction shall be limited to those needed for maintenance and operation and shall be protected by opening protectives in accordance with Section 716 of the California Building Code for shaft enclosures.

Exit passageway ventilation systems shall be independent of other building ventilation systems.

[BE] 1024.8 Exit passageway exterior walls. Exterior walls of the exit passageway shall comply with Section 705 of the California Building Code . Where nonrated walls or unprotected openings enclose the exterior of the exit passageway and the walls or openings are exposed by other parts of the building at an angle of less than 180 degrees (3.14 rad), the building exterior walls within 10 feet (3048 mm) horizontally of a nonrated wall or unprotected opening shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour. Openings within such exterior walls shall be protected by opening protectives having a fire protection rating of not less than [3] / 4 hour. This construction shall extend vertically from the ground to a point 10 feet (3048 mm) above the floor of the exit passageway or to the roof line, whichever is lower.

[BE] 1024.9 Standpipes. Standpipes and standpipe hose connections shall be provided where required by Sections 905.3 and 905.4.

SECTION 1025—LUMINOUS EGRESS PATH MARKINGS

[BE] 1025.1 General. Approved luminous egress path markings delineating the exit path shall be provided in high-rise buildings of Group A, B, E, I-1, M or R-1 occupancies in accordance with this section.

Exception: Luminous egress path markings shall not be required on the level of exit discharge in lobbies that serve as part of the exit path in accordance with Section 1028.2, Exception 1.

[BE] 1025.2 Markings within exit components. Egress path markings shall be provided in interior exit stairways, interior exit ramps and exit passageways, in accordance with Sections 1025.2.1 through 1025.2.6.3.

[BE] 1025.2.1 Steps. A solid and continuous stripe shall be applied to the horizontal leading edge of each step and shall extend for the full length of the step. Outlining stripes shall have a minimum horizontal width of 1 inch (25 mm) and a maximum width of 2 inches (51 mm). The leading edge of the stripe shall be placed not more than [1] / 2 inch (12.7 mm) from the leading edge of the step and the stripe shall not overlap the leading edge of the step by not more than [1] / 2 inch (12.7 mm) down the vertical face of the step.

Exception: The minimum width of 1 inch (25 mm) shall not apply to outlining stripes listed in accordance with UL 1994.

[BE] 1025.2.2 Landings. The leading edge of landings shall be marked with a stripe consistent with the dimensional requirements for steps.

[BE] 1025.2.3 Handrails. Handrails and handrail extensions shall be marked with a solid and continuous stripe having a minimum width of 1 inch (25 mm). The stripe shall be placed on the top surface of the handrail for the entire length of the handrail, including extensions and newel post caps. Where handrails or handrail extensions bend or turn corners, the stripe shall not have a gap of more than 4 inches (102 mm).
CFC § 1024.8 High relevance — show source text
1. Where the equipment and ductwork is located within the exit passageway, the intake air shall be taken directly from the outdoors and the exhaust air shall be discharged directly to the outdoors, or the air shall be conveyed through ducts enclosed in construction as required for shafts.
2. Where located within the building, the equipment and ductwork shall be separated from the remainder of the building, including other mechanical equipment, with construction as required for shafts.
In each case, openings into the fire-resistance-rated construction shall be limited to those needed for maintenance and operation and shall be protected by opening protectives in accordance with Section 716 for shaft enclosures.

Exit passageway ventilation systems shall be independent of other building ventilation systems.

1024.8 Exit passageway exterior walls. Exterior walls of the exit passageway shall comply with Section 705. Where nonrated walls or unprotected openings enclose the exterior of the exit passageway and the walls or openings are exposed by other parts of the building at an angle of less than 180 degrees (3.14 rad), the building exterior walls within 10 feet (3048 mm) horizontally of a nonrated wall or unprotected opening shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour. Openings within such exterior walls shall be protected by opening protectives having a fire protection rating of not less than [3] / 4 hour. This construction shall extend vertically from the ground to a point 10 feet (3048 mm) above the floor of the exit passageway, or to the roof line, whichever is lower.

1024.9 Standpipes. Standpipes and standpipe hose connections shall be provided where required by Sections 905.3 and 905.4.

SECTION 1025—LUMINOUS EGRESS PATH MARKINGS

1025.1 General. Approved luminous egress path markings delineating the exit path shall be provided in high-rise buildings of Group A, B, E, M or R-1 occupancies in accordance with this section.

Exception: Luminous egress path markings shall not be required on the level of exit discharge in lobbies that serve as part of the exit path in accordance with Section 1028.2, Exception 1.

1025.2 Markings within exit components. Egress path markings shall be provided in interior exit stairways, interior exit ramps and exit passageways, in accordance with Sections 1025.2.1 through 1025.2.6.3.

1025.2.1 Steps. A solid and continuous stripe shall be applied to the horizontal leading edge of each step and shall extend for the full length of the step. Outlining stripes shall have a minimum horizontal width of 1 inch (25 mm) and a maximum width of 2 inches (51 mm). The leading edge of the stripe shall be placed not more than [1] / 2 inch (12.7 mm) from the leading edge of the step and the stripe shall not overlap the leading edge of the step by not more than [1] / 2 inch (12.7 mm) down the vertical face of the step.

Exception: The minimum width of 1 inch (25 mm) shall not apply to outlining stripes listed in accordance with UL 1994.

1025.2.2 Landings. The leading edge of landings shall be marked with a stripe consistent with the dimensional requirements for steps.
CFC § 1025.2.5 Medium relevance — show source text
[BE] 1025.2.5 Obstacles. Obstacles at or below 6 feet 6 inches (1981 mm) in height and projecting more than 4 inches (102 mm) into the egress path shall be outlined with markings not less than 1 inch (25 mm) in width comprised of a pattern of alternating equal bands, of luminous material and black, with the alternating bands not more than 2 inches (51 mm) thick and angled at 45 degrees (0.79 rad). Obstacles shall include, but are not limited to, standpipes, hose cabinets, wall projections, and restricted height areas. However, such markings shall not conceal any required information or indicators including but not limited to instructions to occupants for the use of standpipes.

Exception: The minimum width of 1 inch (25 mm) shall not apply to markings listed in accordance with UL 1994.

[BE] 1025.2.6 Doors within the exit path. Doors through which occupants must pass in order to complete the exit path shall be provided with markings complying with Sections 1025.2.6.1 through 1025.2.6.3.

[BE] 1025.2.6.1 Emergency exit symbol. The doors shall be identified by a low-location luminous emergency exit symbol complying with NFPA 170. The exit symbol shall be not less than 4 inches (102 mm) in height and shall be mounted on the door, centered horizontally, with the top of the symbol not higher than 18 inches (457 mm) above the finished floor.

[BE] 1025.2.6.2 Door hardware markings. Door hardware shall be marked with not less than 16 square inches (10 323 mm [2] ) of luminous material. This marking shall be located behind, immediately adjacent to, or on the door handle or escutcheon. Where a panic bar is installed, such material shall be not less than 1 inch (25 mm) wide for the entire length of the actuating bar or touchpad.

[BE] 1025.2.6.3 Door frame markings. The top and sides of the door frame shall be marked with a solid and continuous 1inch- to 2-inch-wide (25 mm to 51 mm) stripe. Where the door molding does not provide sufficient flat surface on which to locate the stripe, the stripe shall be permitted to be located on the wall surrounding the frame.

[BE] 1025.3 Uniformity. Placement and dimensions of markings shall be consistent and uniform throughout the same enclosure.

[BE] 1025.4 Self-luminous and photoluminescent. Luminous egress path markings shall be permitted to be made of any material, including paint, provided that an electrical charge is not required to maintain the required luminance. Such materials shall include, but not be limited to, self-luminous materials and photoluminescent materials. Materials shall comply with either of the following standards:
1. UL 1994.
2. ASTM E2072, except that the charging source shall be 1 footcandle (11 lux) of fluorescent illumination for 60 minutes, and the minimum luminance shall be 30 milicandelas per square meter at 10 minutes and 5 milicandelas per square meter after 90 minutes.
CFC § 1025.1 Medium relevance — show source text
SECTION 1025—LUMINOUS EGRESS PATH MARKINGS

1025.1 General. Approved luminous egress path markings delineating the exit path shall be provided in high-rise buildings of Group A, B, E, M or R-1 occupancies in accordance with this section.

Exception: Luminous egress path markings shall not be required on the level of exit discharge in lobbies that serve as part of the exit path in accordance with Section 1028.2, Exception 1.

1025.2 Markings within exit components. Egress path markings shall be provided in interior exit stairways, interior exit ramps and exit passageways, in accordance with Sections 1025.2.1 through 1025.2.6.3.

1025.2.1 Steps. A solid and continuous stripe shall be applied to the horizontal leading edge of each step and shall extend for the full length of the step. Outlining stripes shall have a minimum horizontal width of 1 inch (25 mm) and a maximum width of 2 inches (51 mm). The leading edge of the stripe shall be placed not more than [1] / 2 inch (12.7 mm) from the leading edge of the step and the stripe shall not overlap the leading edge of the step by not more than [1] / 2 inch (12.7 mm) down the vertical face of the step.

Exception: The minimum width of 1 inch (25 mm) shall not apply to outlining stripes listed in accordance with UL 1994.

1025.2.2 Landings. The leading edge of landings shall be marked with a stripe consistent with the dimensional requirements for steps.

1025.2.3 Handrails. Handrails and handrail extensions shall be marked with a solid and continuous stripe having a minimum width of 1 inch (25 mm). The stripe shall be placed on the top surface of the handrail for the entire length of the handrail, including extensions and newel post caps. Where handrails or handrail extensions bend or turn corners, the stripe shall not have a gap of more than 4 inches (102 mm).

Exception: The minimum width of 1 inch (25 mm) shall not apply to outlining stripes listed in accordance with UL 1994.

1025.2.4 Perimeter demarcation lines. Stair landings and other floor areas within interior exit stairways, interior exit ramps and exit passageways, with the exception of the sides of steps, shall be provided with solid and continuous demarcation lines on the floor or on the walls or a combination of both. The stripes shall be 1 to 2 inches (25 mm to 51 mm) wide with interruptions not exceeding 4 inches (102 mm).

Exception: The minimum width of 1 inch (25 mm) shall not apply to outlining stripes listed in accordance with UL 1994.

1025.2.4.1 Floor-mounted demarcation lines. Perimeter demarcation lines shall be placed within 4 inches (102 mm) of the wall and shall extend to within 2 inches (51 mm) of the markings on the leading edge of landings. The demarcation lines shall continue across the floor in front of all doors.

Exception: Demarcation lines shall not extend in front of exit discharge doors that lead out of an exit and through which occupants must travel to complete the exit path.

10-48 2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
CFC § 407.2.3 Medium relevance — show source text
Elevators 11B-407.2.3, 11B-411.2.3. Fire alarms 11B-703 Fire and life safety systems 904.3.4, 907.4.2.4, 916.9. Housing accessibility 1110A.2, 1116A.4, 1125A.4, 1127A.7, 1143A.0. Means of egress 1009.9, 1013.0, 1023.8-1023.11.

New or altered 11B-216. Parking facilities 1109A.8.8.1. Parking spaces 11B-502.6 through 11B- 502.6.3, 11B-502.8. Requirements based on occupancy and use 402.6.4.

Special amusement areas 411.6. Stairways 11B-504.8. Transportation facilities 11B-810.4, 11B-810.6 Signs 3107, Appendix H Accessibility 1013.4, Chapter 11B Accessible means of egress 1009.8.2, 1009.9, 1009.11 Animated devices H108

Construction H105, H107 Covered and open mall building 402.6.4

Doors 1010.2.4, 1010.2.11, 1010.2.12 Electrical H106

Elevators 1124A, 3002.3, 3007.6.5,

3008.6.5 Encroachment, public right-of-way 3202.3.1

Exit 1013, 2702.2 Floor loads 106.1

Ground H109 Height limitation H109.1, H112.4 Illumination H106.1

Luminous 403.5.5, 1013.5, 1025

Marquee H113 Obstruction 1003.3.2, 1003.3.3, H103 Occupant load, assembly 1004.9 Parking spaces 11B-502 Plastic 2611, D102.2.10 Portable H114

Projecting H112 Protruding objects 1003.3 Roof H110 Stairway identification 1023.8, 1023.9 Standpipe control valve 905.7.1 Toilet room 11B-216.8 Transportation Chapter 11B Variable message 11B-216.13 Walls 703.4, H111 Site Class 1603.1.5, 1613.2 Site Drawings 107.2.6 Site Work 3304 Skilled Nursing and Intermediate-care Facilities [OSHPD 2] 1225 Application 1225.2 Definitions 1225.3

CFC § 1104.24 Medium relevance — show source text

1104.24 Stairway floor number signs. Existing stairways shall be marked in accordance with Section 1023.9.

1104.25 Egress path markings. Existing high-rise buildings of Group A, B, E, I, M and R-1 occupancies shall be provided with luminous egress path markings in accordance with Section 1025.

Exception: Open, unenclosed stairwells in historic buildings designated as historic under a state or local historic preservation

program.

SECTION 1105 —CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING GROUP I-2

1105.1 General. Existing Group I-2 shall meet all of the following requirements:

The minimum fire safety requirements in Section 1103.
The minimum means of egress requirements in Section 1104.
The additional egress and construction requirements in Section 1105.

Where the provisions of this chapter conflict with the construction requirements that applied at the time of construction, the most restrictive provision shall apply.

1105.2 Applicability. The provisions of Sections 1105.3 through 1105.8, 1105.10 and 1105.11 shall apply to the existing Group I-2 fire area.

1105.3 Construction. Group I-2, Condition 2 shall not be located on a floor level higher than the floor level limitation in Table 1105.3 based on the type of construction.

11-18 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS

TABLE 1105.3—FLOOR LEVEL LIMITATIONS FOR GROUP I-2, CONDITION 2	Col2	Col3	Col4	Col5	Col6
CONSTRUCTION TYPE	AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM	ALLOWABLE FLOOR LEVELa	ALLOWABLE FLOOR LEVELa	ALLOWABLE FLOOR LEVELa	ALLOWABLE FLOOR LEVELa
CONSTRUCTION TYPE	AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM	1	2	3	4 or more
IA	Note b	P	P	P	P
IA	Note c	P	P	P	P
IB	Note b	P	P	P	P
IB	Note c	P	P	P	P
IIA	Note b	P	P	P	NP
IIA	Note c	P	NP	NP	NP
IIB	Note b	P	P	NP	NP
IIB	Note c	NP	NP	NP	NP
IIIA	Note b	P	P	NP	NP
IIIA	Note c	P	NP	NP	NP
IIIB	Note b	P	NP	NP	NP
IIIB	Note c	NP	NP	NP	NP
IV	Note b	P	P	NP	NP
IV	Note c	NP	NP	NP	NP
VA	Note b	P	P	NP	NP
VA	Note c	NP	NP	NP	NP
VB	Note b	P	NP	NP	NP
VB	Note c	NP	NP	NP	NP
P = Permitted; NP = Not Permitted. a.

CFC § 10-46 Medium relevance — show source text
1023 Interior Exit Stairways and Ramps. . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-46 1024 Exit Passageways. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-49 1025 Luminous Egress Path Markings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-50 1026 Horizontal Exits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-51

1027 Exterior Exit Stairways and Ramps . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-52 1028 Exit Discharge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-53 1029 Egress Courts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-54 1030 Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-54 1031 Emergency Escape and Rescue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-61 1032 Maintenance of the Means of Egress . . . . . . . . . . . .10-64

CHAPTER 11 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR

EXISTING BUILDINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-3

1101 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-3

1102 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-3

1103 Fire Safety Requirements for Existing Buildings. . . 11-3 1104 Means of Egress for Existing Buildings . . . . . . . . . .11-13 1105 Construction Requirements for Existing Group I-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-18 1106 Requirements for Outdoor Operations. . . . . . . . . .11-22 1107 Energy Storage Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-23 1108 Group A Public Address System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-23 1109 _through 1112 Reserved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CFC § 1025.2.4.3 Medium relevance — show source text
Exception: Demarcation lines shall not extend in front of exit discharge doors that lead out of an exit and through which occupants must travel to complete the exit path.

1025.2.4.3 Transition. Where a wall-mounted demarcation line transitions to a floor-mounted demarcation line, or vice versa, the wall-mounted demarcation line shall drop vertically to the floor to meet a complimentary extension of the floor-mounted demarcation line, thus forming a continuous marking.

1025.2.5 Obstacles. Obstacles at or below 6 feet 6 inches (1981 mm) in height and projecting more than 4 inches (102 mm) into the egress path shall be outlined with markings not less than 1 inch (25 mm) in width comprised of a pattern of alternating equal bands, of luminous material and black, with the alternating bands not more than 2 inches (51 mm) thick and angled at 45 degrees (0.79 rad). Obstacles shall include, but are not limited to, standpipes, hose cabinets, wall projections and restricted height areas. However, such markings shall not conceal any required information or indicators including but not limited to instructions to occupants for the use of standpipes.

Exception: The minimum width of 1 inch (25 mm) shall not apply to markings listed in accordance with UL 1994.

1025.2.6 Doors within the exit path. Doors through which occupants must pass in order to complete the exit path shall be provided with markings complying with Sections 1025.2.6.1 through 1025.2.6.3.

1025.2.6.1 Emergency exit symbol. The doors shall be identified by a low-location luminous emergency exit symbol complying with NFPA 170. The exit symbol shall be not less than 4 inches (102 mm) in height and shall be mounted on the door, centered horizontally, with the top of the symbol not higher than 18 inches (457 mm) above the finished floor. 1025.2.6.2 Door hardware markings. Door hardware shall be marked with not less than 16 square inches (10 323 mm [2] ) of luminous material. This marking shall be located behind, immediately adjacent to, or on the door handle or escutcheon. Where a panic bar is installed, such material shall be not less than 1 inch (25 mm) wide for the entire length of the actuating bar or touchpad.

1025.2.6.3 Door frame markings. The top and sides of the door frame shall be marked with a solid and continuous 1-inch- to 2-inch-wide (25 mm to 51 mm) stripe. Where the door molding does not provide sufficient flat surface on which to locate the stripe, the stripe shall be permitted to be located on the wall surrounding the frame.

1025.3 Uniformity. Placement and dimensions of markings shall be consistent and uniform throughout the same enclosure.

1025.4 Self-luminous and photoluminescent. Luminous egress path markings shall be permitted to be made of any material, including paint, provided that an electrical charge is not required to maintain the required luminance. Such materials shall include, but not be limited to, self-luminous materials and photoluminescent materials. Materials shall comply with either of the following standards:
1. UL 1994.
CFC § 10-37 Medium relevance — show source text
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-37

1015 Guards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-38

1016 Exit Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-40

1017 Exit Access Travel Distance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-41

1018 Aisles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-42

1019 Exit Access Stairways and Ramps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-43 1020 Corridors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-44

1021 Egress Balconies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-46 1022 Exits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-46

1023 Interior Exit Stairways and Ramps. . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-46 1024 Exit Passageways. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-49 1025 Luminous Egress Path Markings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-50 1026 Horizontal Exits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-51

1027 Exterior Exit Stairways and Ramps . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-52 1028 Exit Discharge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-53 1029 Egress Courts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-54 1030 Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-54 1031 Emergency Escape and Rescue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-61 1032 Maintenance of the Means of Egress . . . . . . . . . . . .10-64

CHAPTER 11 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR

EXISTING BUILDINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-3
CFC § 1025.2.6.2 Medium relevance — show source text
[BE] 1025.2.6.2 Door hardware markings. Door hardware shall be marked with not less than 16 square inches (10 323 mm [2] ) of luminous material. This marking shall be located behind, immediately adjacent to, or on the door handle or escutcheon. Where a panic bar is installed, such material shall be not less than 1 inch (25 mm) wide for the entire length of the actuating bar or touchpad.

[BE] 1025.2.6.3 Door frame markings. The top and sides of the door frame shall be marked with a solid and continuous 1inch- to 2-inch-wide (25 mm to 51 mm) stripe. Where the door molding does not provide sufficient flat surface on which to locate the stripe, the stripe shall be permitted to be located on the wall surrounding the frame.

[BE] 1025.3 Uniformity. Placement and dimensions of markings shall be consistent and uniform throughout the same enclosure.

[BE] 1025.4 Self-luminous and photoluminescent. Luminous egress path markings shall be permitted to be made of any material, including paint, provided that an electrical charge is not required to maintain the required luminance. Such materials shall include, but not be limited to, self-luminous materials and photoluminescent materials. Materials shall comply with either of the following standards:
1. UL 1994.
2. ASTM E2072, except that the charging source shall be 1 footcandle (11 lux) of fluorescent illumination for 60 minutes, and the minimum luminance shall be 30 milicandelas per square meter at 10 minutes and 5 milicandelas per square meter after 90 minutes.
[BE] 1025.5 Illumination. Where photoluminescent exit path markings are installed, they shall be provided with not less than 1 footcandle (11 lux) of illumination for not less than 60 minutes prior to periods when the building is occupied and continuously during the building occupancy.

SECTION 1026—HORIZONTAL EXITS

[BE] 1026.1 General. Horizontal exits serving as an exit in a means of egress system shall comply with the requirements of this section. A horizontal exit shall not serve as the only exit from a portion of a building, and where two or more exits are required, not more than one-half of the total number of exits or total exit minimum width or required capacity shall be horizontal exits.

Exceptions:
1. Horizontal exits are permitted to comprise two-thirds of the required exits from any building or floor area for occupancies in Group I-2.
2. Horizontal exits are permitted to comprise 100 percent of the exits required for occupancies in Group I-3. Not less than 6 square feet (0.6 m [2] ) of accessible space per occupant shall be provided on each side of the horizontal exit for the total number of people in adjoining compartments.
[BE] 1026.2 Separation. The separation between buildings or refuge areas connected by a horizontal exit shall be provided by a fire wall complying with Section 706 of the California Building Code ; or by a fire barrier complying with Section 707 of the California Build- ing Code or a horizontal assembly complying with Section 711 of the California Building Code, or both. The minimum fire-resistance rating of the separation shall be 2 hours. Opening protectives in horizontal exits shall also comply with Section 716 of the California Building Code .
CFC § 10-36 Medium relevance — show source text
1014 Handrails. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-36

1015 Guards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-37

1016 Exit Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-39

1017 Exit Access Travel Distance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-40

1018 Aisles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-41

1019 Exit Access Stairways and Ramps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-42

1020 Corridors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-42

1021 Egress Balconies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-44

1022 Exits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-44

1023 Interior Exit Stairways and Ramps . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-45

1024 Exit Passageways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-47

1025 Luminous Egress Path Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-48

1026 Horizontal Exits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-49

1027 Exterior Exit Stairways and Ramps . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-50

1028 Exit Discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-51

1029 Egress Courts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-52

1030 Assembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-52

1031 Emergency Escape and Rescue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-59

CHAPTER 11 RESERVED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1

CHAPTER 11A HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11A-1
CFC § 10-47 Medium relevance — show source text
1024 Exit Passageways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-47

1025 Luminous Egress Path Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-48

1026 Horizontal Exits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-49

1027 Exterior Exit Stairways and Ramps . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-50

1028 Exit Discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-51

1029 Egress Courts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-52

1030 Assembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-52

1031 Emergency Escape and Rescue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-59

CHAPTER 11 RESERVED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1

CHAPTER 11A HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11A-1

DIVISION I – APPLICATION, GENERAL PROVISIONS AND DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11A-3

1101A Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-3

1102A Building Accessibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-3

1103A Design and Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-4

1104A Covered Multifamily Dwellings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-5

1105A Garages, Carports and Parking Facilities . . . . . . . . . 11A-5

1106A Site and Building Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-5

1107A Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-5

CONTENTS

DIVISION II – EXTERIOR FACILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-6
CFC § 403.5.3.1 Medium relevance — show source text
[BE] 403.5.3.1 Stairway communication system. A telephone or other two-way communications system connected to an approved constantly attended station shall be provided at not less than every fifth floor in each stairway where the doors to the stairway are locked. Systems shall be listed in accordance with UL 2525 and installed in accordance with NFPA 72.

[BE] 403.5.4 Smokeproof enclosures. Every exit enclosure in high-rise buildings shall comply with Sections 909.20 and 1023.12. Every required interior exit stairway in Group I-2 occupancies serving floors more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access shall be a smokeproof enclosure in accordance with Sections 909.20 and 1023.12.

Exception: In high-rise buildings, exit enclosures serving three or less adjacent floors where one of the adjacent floors is the level of exit discharge.

[BE] 403.5.5 Luminous egress path markings. Luminous egress path markings shall be provided in accordance with Section 1025.

403.6 Elevators. Elevator installation and operation in high-rise buildings shall comply with Chapter 30 and Sections 403.6.1 and 403.6.2.

Enclosed elevator lobbies shall be provided in accordance with Section 3006. Exceptions 2. 3, 4 and 5 of 3006.3 shall only be permitted where approved by the Fire Chief in accordance with Section 1.11.2.1.1 or in accordance with Section 1.11.2.1.2 for all state-owned build- ings, state-occupied buildings and state institutions throughout the state.

403.6.1 Fire service access elevator. In buildings with an occupied floor more than 120 feet (36 576 mm) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access, not fewer than two fire service access elevators, or all elevators, whichever is less, shall be provided in accordance with Section 3007. Each fire service access elevator shall have a capacity of not less than 3,500 pounds (1588 kg) and shall comply with Section 3002.4.

403.6.2 Occupant evacuation elevators. Where installed in accordance with Section 3008, passenger elevators for general public use shall be permitted to be used for occupant self-evacuation.

403.7 Existing high-rise buildings. For existing high-rise buildings, see California Fire Code Chapter 11 and California Existing Building Code.

SECTION 404—ATRIUMS

404.1 General. The provisions of Sections 404.1 through 404.12 shall apply to buildings containing atriums. Atriums are not permitted in buildings or structures classified as Group H.

Exception: Vertical openings that comply with Sections 712.1.1 through 712.1.3, and Sections 712.1.9 through 712.1.14.

404.2 Use. The floor of the atrium shall not be used for other than low fire hazard uses and only approved materials and decorations in accordance with the California Fire Code shall be used in the atrium space.

Exception: The atrium floor area is permitted to be used for any approved use where the individual space is provided with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
CFC § 1032.2.2.1 Medium relevance — show source text
1032.2.2.1 Maintenance. Fire escape stairways and balconies shall be kept clear and unobstructed at all times and shall be maintained in good working order.

1032.2.2.2 Examination. Fire escape stairways and balconies shall be examined for structural adequacy and safety by a registered design professional or other person acceptable to the fire code official every 5 years. The examination shall determine whether the fire escape stairways and balconies can support the dead load plus a live load of not less than 100 pounds per square foot (4.78 kN/m [2] ). An inspection report shall be submitted to the fire code official after such examination.

1032.2.3 Locking arrangements in educational occupancies. In Group E occupancies, Group B educational occupancies and Group I-4 occupancies, egress doors with locking arrangements designed to keep intruders from entering the room shall comply with Section 1010.2.8.

1032.3 Obstructions. A means of egress shall be free from obstructions that would prevent its use, including the accumulation of snow and ice.

1032.3.1 Group I-2. In Group I-2, the required clear width for aisles, corridors and ramps that are part of the required means of egress shall comply with Section 407.4.3 of the California Building Code and Section 1020.3. The facility shall have a plan to maintain the required clear width during emergency situations.

Exception: In areas required for bed movement, equipment shall be permitted in the required width where all of the following provisions are met:
1. The equipment is low hazard and wheeled.
2. The equipment does not reduce the effective clear width for the means of egress to less than 5 feet (1525 mm).
3. The equipment is limited to: 3.1. Equipment and carts in use. 3.2. Medical emergency equipment.
3.3. Infection control carts.

3.4. Patient lift and transportation equipment. 4. Medical emergency equipment and patient lift and transportation equipment, when not in use, are required to be located on one side of the corridor.
1. The equipment is limited in number to not more than one per patient sleeping room or patient care room within each smoke compartment.
[BE] 1032.4 Exit signs. Exit signs shall be installed and maintained in accordance with the building code that was in effect at the time of construction and the applicable provisions in Section 1104. Decorations, furnishings, equipment or adjacent signage that impairs the visibility of exit signs, creates confusion or prevents identification of the exit shall not be allowed.

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1032.5 Nonexit identification. Where a door is adjacent to, constructed similar to and can be confused with a means of egress door, that door shall be identified with an approved sign that identifies the room name or use of the room.
CFC § 3.1. Medium relevance — show source text
Exception: In areas required for bed movement, equipment shall be permitted in the required width where all of the following provisions are met:
1. The equipment is low hazard and wheeled.
2. The equipment does not reduce the effective clear width for the means of egress to less than 5 feet (1525 mm).
3. The equipment is limited to: 3.1. Equipment and carts in use. 3.2. Medical emergency equipment.
3.3. Infection control carts.

3.4. Patient lift and transportation equipment. 4. Medical emergency equipment and patient lift and transportation equipment, when not in use, are required to be located on one side of the corridor.
1. The equipment is limited in number to not more than one per patient sleeping room or patient care room within each smoke compartment.
[BE] 1032.4 Exit signs. Exit signs shall be installed and maintained in accordance with the building code that was in effect at the time of construction and the applicable provisions in Section 1104. Decorations, furnishings, equipment or adjacent signage that impairs the visibility of exit signs, creates confusion or prevents identification of the exit shall not be allowed.

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1032.5 Nonexit identification. Where a door is adjacent to, constructed similar to and can be confused with a means of egress door, that door shall be identified with an approved sign that identifies the room name or use of the room.

1032.6 Finishes, furnishings and decorations. Means of egress doors shall be maintained in such a manner as to be distinguishable from the adjacent construction and finishes such that the doors are easily recognizable as doors. Furnishings, decorations or other objects shall not be placed so as to obstruct exits, access thereto, egress therefrom, or visibility thereof. Hangings and draperies shall not be placed over exit doors or otherwise be located to conceal or obstruct an exit. Mirrors shall not be placed on exit doors. Mirrors shall not be placed in or adjacent to any exit in such a manner as to confuse the direction of egress.

1032.7 Emergency escape and rescue openings. Required emergency escape and rescue openings shall be maintained in accordance with the code in effect at the time of construction, and both of the following:
1. Required emergency escape and rescue openings shall be operational from the inside of the room without the use of keys or tools.
2. Bars, grilles, grates or similar devices are permitted to be placed over emergency escape and rescue openings provided that the minimum net clear opening size complies with the code that was in effect at the time of construction and the unit is equipped with smoke alarms installed in accordance with Section 907.2.11. Such devices shall be releasable or removable from the inside without the use of a key, tool or force greater than that which is required for normal operation of the emergency escape and rescue opening.
1032.8 Inspection, testing and maintenance. The inspection, testing and maintenance for two-way communication systems shall be in accordance with this code and NFPA 72, and shall be conducted not less than annually or more frequently where required by the fire code official.

1032.8.1 Records. Records of inspections, testing and maintenance shall be maintained on site in a location approved by the fire code official.
CFC § 1207 Medium relevance — show source text
The criteria in Chapter 10 regulating the design of the means of egress system are established as the primary method for protection of occupants by allowing timely relocation or evacuation. Both prescriptive and performance language is utilized for determination of a safe exiting system. It addresses all portions of the means of egress system (i.e., exit access, exits and exit discharge) and includes design requirements as well as provisions regulating individual components. The requirements detail the size, arrangement, number and protection of means of egress components. The means of egress protection requirements work in coordination with other sections of the code, such as protection of vertical openings (see Chapter 7 of the CBC), interior finish (see Chapter 8 of the CBC), fire suppression and detection systems (see Chapter 9) and numerous others, all having an impact on life safety. Chapter 10 of the CBC is duplicated in Chapter 10 of the CFC; however, the CFC contains one additional section on the maintenance of the means of egress system in existing buildings.

Chapter 11 Construction Requirements for Existing Buildings

Chapter 11 applies to existing buildings constructed prior to the adoption of the code and intends to provide a minimum degree of fire and life safety to persons occupying existing buildings by providing for retroactive requirements to install or upgrade fire safety features to such buildings that do not comply with the minimum requirements of the CBC. Prior to the 2009 edition, its content existed in the CFC but in a random manner that was neither efficient nor user-friendly. In the 2007/2008 International Code Council (ICC) code development cycle, a code change (F294-07/ 08) was approved that consolidated the retroactive elements of CFC into a single chapter for easier and more efficient reference and application to existing buildings.

Chapter 12 Energy Systems

Chapter 12 addresses any provisions related to energy systems found in the CFC. The expansion of such energy systems is related to meeting today’s energy, environmental and economic challenges. Ensuring appropriate criteria to address the safety of such systems in building and fire codes is an important part of protecting the public at large, building occupants and emergency responders. These requirements also facilitate the successful implementation of new technologies.

All text in Section 1207 of the 2024 CFC with the following designation (Material based on NFPA 855 2023 Ed.) is reproduced with permission from the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and is based upon NFPA 855, Standard for the Installation of Station- ary Energy Storage Systems, Copyright © 2023 NFPA. All designated text is either directly copied from the 2023 edition of NFPA 855 or as modified by the ICC Code Development Process. This material is not the complete and official position of NFPA on the referenced subject, which is represented solely by the standard in its entirety. NFPA shall not be responsible for the manner in which this information is presented, nor for any interpretations thereof.

Chapters 13 through 19 Reserved for future use.

PART IV—SPECIAL OCCUPANCIES AND OPERATIONS

Chapter 20 Aviation Facilities

Chapter 20 specifies minimum requirements for the fire-safe operation of airports, heliports and helistops. The principal nonflight operational hazards associated with aviation involve fuel, facilities and operations. Therefore, safe use of flammable and combustible liquids during fueling and maintenance operations is emphasized. Availability of portable Class B:C-rated fire extinguishers for prompt control or suppression of incipient fires is required.

Chapter 21 Dry Cleaning
CFC § 7.1 Medium relevance — show source text
P103.6 Exits. Exiting shall be in accordance with Chapter 10 and this section. 1. Two exits shall be provided from each room with an occupant load of 50 or more. Required exit doors shall swing in the direc- tion of egress. 2. Illuminated exit signs shall be provided at each exit serving an occupant load of 50 or more. 3. Exit doors serving an occupant load of 50 or more shall not be provided with a latch or lock unless it is panic hardware. 4. When tents or membrane structures are approved for use, curtains shall not be allowed to cover the exits. 5. Emergency lighting shall be provided in exit pathways. 6. Exhibits and decorative materials shall not obstruct, confuse or obscure exits, exit pathways, exit signs or emergency lights. 7. Additional exit pathway markings, such as low level exit signs and directional exit path markings, may be required.

P103.7 Fire protection. Haunted houses and ghost walks shall be provided with fire protection systems in accordance with Appendix P103.7.

Exception: When the total floor area of haunted houses or indoor portions of ghost walks are less than 1,000 square feet and the travel distance to an exit is less than 50 feet.

P103.7.1 Fire sprinkler protection. An automatic fire sprinkler system shall be required for haunted houses and indoor portions of ghost walks. Fire sprinkler systems shall be in accordance with Section 903.

P103.7.2 Fire detection systems. An approved automatic fire detection system shall be provided in accordance with Section 907.2.12, as required for amusement buildings.

P103.7.3 Alarm. Activation of any single smoke detector, the fire sprinkler system or other automatic fire detection device shall be in accordance with Section 907.2.12.1.

P103.7.4 Emergency voice alarm. Provide an emergency voice/alarm communication system in accordance with Section 907.2.12.3, as required for amusement buildings.

P103.7.5 Portable fire extinguishers. Fire extinguishers shall have a minimum 2A-10B:C rating. Fire extinguishers shall be properly mounted and shall be visible and accessible at all times. Clearly identify locations with signs or reflective tape. Fire extinguishers shall be located within 50 of feet travel distance from anywhere in the building.

P103.8 Electrical. When required, a permit shall be obtained from the local building official.

P103.8.1 Extension cords. Extension cords shall be UL listed and shall be appropriate for the intended use.

P103.8.2 Power strips. Only UL listed power strips with overcurrent protection shall be used when the number of outlets provided is inadequate. Power strips shall be plugged directly into the outlet, and shall not be plugged into one another in series.

P103.8.3 String lighting. Manufacturer’s installation guidelines shall be followed for the maximum allowable number of string lights that can be connected. When connecting string lights together, the total amperage of all string lights shall be calculated to ensure that they do not exceed the amperage for the extension cord and circuit.

P103.8.4 Protection. All extension cords and power strips shall be adequately protected from foot traffic.
CFC § 3509.4 Medium relevance — show source text
Maintenance 110 Mall (see Covered Mall Building) Manifolds Cylinders 3509.4 Identification 3509.5

Piping 3509 Manual Fire Alarm Box 202, 907.4.2 Manufacture of Organic Coatings Chapter 29 Marinas 202, Chapter 36 Marine Motor Fuel-Dispensing Facility 2310, 3605 Defined 202

Fire protection 2310.6 Fueling 2310.4 General 2310.1

Nozzles 2310.3.3 Marking (see Placards; Placarding) 503.3, 909.14, 5003.5.1 Compressed gas 5303.2 Cryogenic containers 5503.4 Shaftway 316.2 Tank 5706.2.2

Warnings 5003.8.7.4 Mass Notification Systems 917 Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) (see Safety Data Sheet) Mattresses (in Groups I and R) 805 Maximum Allowable Quantity per Control Area 5003.1.1, Table 5003.1.1(1), Table 5003.1.1(2), Table 5003.1.1(3), Table 5003.1.1(4), 5003.11 Defined 202

Means of Appeals 112 Means of Egress Chapter 10, 1104, 3312 Accessible means of egress 1009 Assembly 1030 Bleachers 1030.1.1 Buildings under construction or demolition 3312

Corridors 1020, 1104.17 Defined 202

Egress court 202, 1029.1 Elevators, escalators and moving walks 1003.7, 1104.2 Emergency escape and rescue 1031 Existing buildings 1104 Exit access 1016 Exit discharge 1028 Exits 1006

Guards 1015, 1104.6 Handrails 1014

Illumination 1008, 1104.3 Locks, latches 1010.2.4 Maintenance of 1032

Membrane structures 3103.11 Monitoring and recording of 1010.2.9 Obscuration of 316.4, 1032.4, 1032.6

Obstructions 1032.3, 1032.3.1 Outdoor assembly events 3107.3 Ramps 1012 Signs 1013 Sizing 1005 Stairways 1023, 1027 Tents 3103.11 Mechanical Refrigeration (see Refrigeration System) Mechanical Stocking Methods 3206.10.1.1 Defined 202 Medical Care (see Institutional Occupancies) 202, 203 Medical Gas Systems 5306.5 Medical Gases 5306 Membrane Structure Chapter 31 Defined 202 Membrane-Penetration Firestop System

202
CFC § 701 Medium relevance — show source text
Chapter 7 Fire and Smoke Protection Features

The maintenance of assemblies required to be fire-resistance rated is a key component in a passive fire protection philosophy. Chapter 7 sets forth requirements to maintain required fire-resistance ratings of building elements and limit fire spread. Section 701 addresses the basics of what construction elements such as fire barriers and smoke barriers need to be maintained as well as defining the owner’s responsibility. Sections 703 through 708, deals with various fire and smoke protection features that must also be maintained.

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Chapter 8 Interior Finish, Decorative Materials and Furnishings

The overall purpose of Chapter 8 is to regulate interior finishes, decorative materials and furnishings in new and existing buildings so that they do not significantly add to or create fire hazards within buildings. This chapter is consistent with Chapter 8 of the CBC, which regulates the interior finishes of new buildings.

Chapter 9 Fire Protection and Life Safety Systems

Chapter 9 prescribes the minimum requirements for active systems of fire protection equipment to perform the following functions: detect a fire, alert the occupants or fire department of a fire emergency, and control smoke and control or extinguish the fire. Generally, the requirements are based on the occupancy, the height and the area of the building because these are the factors that most affect firefighting capabilities and the relative hazard of a specific building or portion thereof. This chapter parallels and is substantially duplicated in Chapter 9 of the CBC; however, this chapter also contains periodic testing criteria that are not contained in the CBC. In addition, the special fire protection system requirements based on use and occupancy found in CBC Chapter 4 are duplicated in CFC Chapter 9 as a user convenience.

Chapter 10 Means of Egress

The criteria in Chapter 10 regulating the design of the means of egress system are established as the primary method for protection of occupants by allowing timely relocation or evacuation. Both prescriptive and performance language is utilized for determination of a safe exiting system. It addresses all portions of the means of egress system (i.e., exit access, exits and exit discharge) and includes design requirements as well as provisions regulating individual components. The requirements detail the size, arrangement, number and protection of means of egress components. The means of egress protection requirements work in coordination with other sections of the code, such as protection of vertical openings (see Chapter 7 of the CBC), interior finish (see Chapter 8 of the CBC), fire suppression and detection systems (see Chapter 9) and numerous others, all having an impact on life safety. Chapter 10 of the CBC is duplicated in Chapter 10 of the CFC; however, the CFC contains one additional section on the maintenance of the means of egress system in existing buildings.

Chapter 11 Construction Requirements for Existing Buildings

Chapter 11 applies to existing buildings constructed prior to the adoption of the code and intends to provide a minimum degree of fire and life safety to persons occupying existing buildings by providing for retroactive requirements to install or upgrade fire safety features to such buildings that do not comply with the minimum requirements of the CBC. Prior to the 2009 edition, its content existed in the CFC but in a random manner that was neither efficient nor user-friendly. In the 2007/2008 International Code Council (ICC) code development cycle, a code change (F294-07/ 08) was approved that consolidated the retroactive elements of CFC into a single chapter for easier and more efficient reference and application to existing buildings.

Chapter 12 Energy Systems
CFC § 1030.1.1 Medium relevance — show source text
Means of Appeals 112 Means of Egress Chapter 10, 1104, 3312 Accessible means of egress 1009 Assembly 1030 Bleachers 1030.1.1 Buildings under construction or demolition 3312

Corridors 1020, 1104.17 Defined 202

Egress court 202, 1029.1 Elevators, escalators and moving walks 1003.7, 1104.2 Emergency escape and rescue 1031 Existing buildings 1104 Exit access 1016 Exit discharge 1028 Exits 1006

Guards 1015, 1104.6 Handrails 1014

Illumination 1008, 1104.3 Locks, latches 1010.2.4 Maintenance of 1032

Membrane structures 3103.11 Monitoring and recording of 1010.2.9 Obscuration of 316.4, 1032.4, 1032.6

Obstructions 1032.3, 1032.3.1 Outdoor assembly events 3107.3 Ramps 1012 Signs 1013 Sizing 1005 Stairways 1023, 1027 Tents 3103.11 Mechanical Refrigeration (see Refrigeration System) Mechanical Stocking Methods 3206.10.1.1 Defined 202 Medical Care (see Institutional Occupancies) 202, 203 Medical Gas Systems 5306.5 Medical Gases 5306 Membrane Structure Chapter 31 Defined 202 Membrane-Penetration Firestop System

202

Merchandise Pad 202, 1018.4 Metal Hydride and Metal Hydride Storage Systems 5807 Defined 202 Metal Hydride Storage System 202 Meters, Gas 605.8 Mezzanine 1004.2.2 Ceiling height 1003.2 Guards 1015.1

Occupant load 1004.2.2 Stairways 1011.14, 1019, 1023.2 Mills

Composite Board 2805 Plywood 2805 Process 2806

Veneer 2805

Mirrors 1010.1, 1032.6 Miscella 202, 3903.4 Mixtures (Hazardous materials) 5001.2.1 Mobile Food Preparation Vehicles 4106 Permit 105.5.34 Mobile Fueling 5706.5.4.5 Defined 202 Mobile Fueling, Hydrogen 202 Mobile Fueling Operations [see On-Demand Mobile Fueling Operations Modifications (of code requirements)] 104.2.4 Monitoring (sprinkler and fire alarm systems) 903.4.2, 907.6.6 Hazardous materials 5004.2.2.5

Termination of 907.6.6.3 Motion Picture Projection Rooms and Film

CFC § 105.5.22 Medium relevance — show source text

TABLE 105.5.22—PERMIT AMOUNTS FOR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS	Col2
TYPE OF MATERIAL	AMOUNT
Combustible liquids	See Section 105.5.16
Corrosive materials
Gases	See Section 105.5.8
Liquids	55 gallons
Solids	500 pounds
Explosive materials	See Section 105.5.14
Flammable materials
Gases	See Section 105.5.8
Liquids	See Section 105.5.16
Solids	100 pounds
Highly toxic materials
Gases	See Section 105.5.8
Liquids	Any Amount
Solids	Any Amount
Organic peroxides
Liquids Class I Class II Class III Class IV Class V	Any Amount Any Amount 1 gallon 2 gallons No Permit Required
Solids Class I Class II Class III Class IV Class V	Any Amount Any Amount 10 pounds 20 pounds No Permit Required
Oxidizing materials
Gases	See Section 105.5.9

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DIVISION II—SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

TABLE 105.5.22—PERMIT AMOUNTS FOR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS—continued	Col2
TYPE OF MATERIAL	AMOUNT
Liquids Class 4 Class 3 Class 2 Class 1	Any Amount 1 gallona 10 gallons 55 gallons
Solids Class 4 Class 3 Class 2 Class 1	Any Amount 10 poundsb 100 pounds 500 pounds
Pyrophoric materials
Gases	Any Amount
Liquids	Any Amount
Solids	Any Amount
Toxic materials
Gases	See Section 105.5.8
Liquids	10 gallons
Solids	100 pounds
Unstable (reactive) materials
Liquids Class 4 Class 3 Class 2 Class 1	Any Amount Any Amount 5 gallons 10 gallons
Solids Class 4 Class 3 Class 2 Class 1	Any Amount Any Amount 50 pounds 100 pounds
Water-reactive materials
Liquids Class 3 Class 2 Class 1	Any Amount 5 gallons 55 gallons
Solids Class 3 Class 2 Class 1	Any Amount 50 pounds 500 pounds
For SI: 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 pound = 0.454 kg. a. 22 gallons where Table 5003.1.1(1) Note k applies and hazard identification signs in accordance with Section 5003.5 are provided for quantities of 22 gallons or less. b.

CFC § 1803.5.1 Medium relevance — show source text
Exception: A drainage system for area wells is not required where the foundation is on well-drained soil or sand-gravel mixture soils in accordance with the United Soil Classification System, Group I Soils, in accordance with Section 1803.5.1 of the Califor- nia Building Code .

[BE] 1031.6 Bars, grilles, covers and screens. Where bars, grilles, covers, screens or similar devices are permitted to be placed over emergency escape and rescue openings, or area wells that serve such openings, the minimum net clear opening size shall comply with Sections 1031.3 and 1031.5. Such devices shall be releasable or removable from the inside without the use of a key, tool or force greater than that which is required for normal operation of the escape and rescue opening.

2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 10-63

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

MEANS OF EGRESS

SECTION 1032—MAINTENANCE OF THE MEANS OF EGRESS

1032.1 General. The means of egress for buildings or portions thereof shall be maintained in accordance with this section.

[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.11(a) through (d)] Exits, Aisles, Ramps, Corridors and Passageways.

(a) No person shall install, place or permit the installation or placement of any bed, chair, equipment, concession, turnstile, ticket office or anything whatsoever, in any manner which would block or obstruct the required width of any exit.

(b) No person shall install, place or permit the installation or placement of any combustible material or equipment in or exposed to any exit.

Exceptions: (1) Furniture or equipment constructed of wood or other material of similar combustibility may be permitted in an exit or exposed to an exit when approved by the enforcing agency. (2) When approved by the enforcing agency, combustible materials may be permitted in exit foyers and lobbies.

(c) No person shall install, place or permit the installation or placement of any storage material of any kind in any exit regardless of the required width of such exit.

Exception: Personal material located in metal lockers in Group B and E occupancies as defined in California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 2.

(d) Aisles shall not be occupied by any person for whom seating is not available.

1032.2 Reliability. Required exit accesses, exits and exit discharges shall be continuously maintained free from obstructions or impediments to full instant use in the case of fire or other emergency where the building area served by the means of egress is occupied. An exit or exit passageway shall not be used for any purpose that interferes with a means of egress.

1032.2.1 Security devices and egress locks. Security devices affecting means of egress shall be subject to approval of the fire code official. Security devices and locking arrangements in the means of egress that restrict, control, or delay egress shall be installed and maintained as required by this chapter.

1032.2.2 Fire escapes. Security enclosures, fences or screening for fire escape stairways shall be approved by the fire code official and shall be constructed such that they do not impede egress to the public way. Means shall be provided for emergency personnel to access the fire escape stair from the exterior of the enclosure.

Frequently asked questions

When exactly does "high‑rise" trigger § 1025 requirements?

The luminous marking requirement in § 1025.1 applies to high‑rise buildings listed by occupancy (Groups A, B, E, I‑1, M, R‑1). The CFC text references high‑rise as the trigger; for the code definition of "high‑rise" (height threshold) consult the applicable building code provision for “high‑rise” in Chapter 4/30 (this document cites the application but the exact definition text is found elsewhere in the code).

Can I use electrically illuminated strips instead of photoluminescent material?

No — the luminous egress path markings specified in § 1025 are permitted to be self‑luminous or photoluminescent and must not require an electrical charge to maintain the required luminance. Electrically powered exit signs are governed separately.

If a photoluminescent product is UL‑listed, do I still need the 1‑footcandle charging illumination?

Photoluminescent materials are specifically required to have 1 footcandle (11 lux) of illumination for 60 minutes prior to occupancy and continuously during occupancy per § 1025.5; UL listing may affect dimensional exceptions but does not waive the photoluminescent illumination requirement unless otherwise approved by the authority having jurisdiction.

What qualifies as an "approved sign" under § 1032.5 for nonexit doors?

The code requires an approved sign identifying the room name or use where a door can be confused with an egress door. Exact lettering, size and mounting are subject to approval by the fire code official and any local sign requirements — the CFC text itself sets the obligation, not the graphic spec.

Are there exceptions when the minimum stripe **1‑inch** width does not apply?

Yes — several subsections state that the 1‑inch minimum does not apply where outlining stripes or markings are listed in accordance with UL 1994. See the specific exception language in the subsections for steps, handrails, demarcation lines and obstacles.

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Signage, illumination, and path marking

California Fire Code