CFC · California Fire Code

What are door, gate and locking requirements for egress (including security devices)?

Egress doors must open easily from the inside with one simple motion and no key except where the code specifically allows locks (for example, detention, some healthcare, or limited main doors in small occupancies). Permitted locks have strict conditions — signage, visibility, communications, glazing, and fire‑alarm override — and any security device that affects egress needs fire‑official approval under § 1010 and § 1032.2.1.

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Last reviewed: July 6, 2026

What the code requires — 2-4 sentences

The California Fire Code requires that doors, gates and security devices provided for the means of egress be sized and arranged so they are readily recognizable and can be opened from the egress side with no special knowledge, key, or more than one motion except where specifically permitted. Key exceptions and allowable locking arrangements are tightly limited and subject to approval by the fire code official; all controls that delay egress must meet the conditions in § 1010 and § 1032.2.1.

The single most important rule: egress doors must be openable from the egress side with not more than one motion and without requiring a key or special knowledge — unless a specific exception in § 1010 authorizes a locking device.

Requirements in detail

Basic operational rule (one motion / no key)

  • The unlatching operation for any egress door must require no more than one motion in a single linear or rotational direction to release all latches/locks (i.e., one push or one turn). § 1010.2.1
  • Doors shall be readily openable from the egress side without the use of a key or special knowledge except where specific exceptions permit locks. § 1010.2

Size, clearance and hardware location

  • Minimum clear opening width for egress doors is 32 inches (813 mm) (with special 44‑inch requirement for certain I‑2 (beds/stretcher) situations). § 1010.1.1
  • Minimum clear opening height is 80 inches (2032 mm). § 1010.1.1
  • Operating hardware (handles, levers, panic bars) shall be installed 34 inches (864 mm) minimum to 48 inches (1219 mm) maximum above the finished floor, except where code allows other heights for security-only locks. § 1010.2.3

When locks/latches that prevent operation are allowed

The code allows locks that prevent operation only in tightly defined cases — the main categories are:

  • Places of detention or restraint. § 1010.2.4(1)
  • Certain healthcare units (Group I‑2 and R‑2.1) where clinical needs require containment, provided staff can readily unlock doors and possess keys/codes. § 1010.2.4(2)
  • Main exterior doors in smaller occupancies (Group A with occupant load ≤ 300, Groups B, F, M, S and places of worship) may have key‑operated locking devices from the egress side, when: the device is readily distinguishable as locked, a durable interior sign instructs the door remain unlocked while occupied, and the arrangement is revocable by the official. § 1010.2.4(3)
  • Automatic/manual bolts on the inactive leaf of pairs of doors are permitted in accordance with Table 1010.2.4 (with limitations). § 1010.2.4(4) and Table 1010.2.4
  • Single exit doors from individual dwelling/sleeping units (Group R) may have night latches, deadbolts or chains that require a second releasing motion, provided they are openable from the inside without a key or tool. § 1010.2.4(5)
  • Exit access doors to exterior spaces (not egress courts) may be equipped with approved locking devices when multiple conditions are met (posting of occupant load, weatherproof phone or two‑way communications, lock readily distinguishable as locked and key‑operated, a minimum 5 sq ft (0.46 m2) glazed viewing area at each locked door, interior sign, and exterior area occupant load ≤ 300). § 1010.2.4(8)

Security grilles, gates, and turnstiles

  • Security grilles (horizontal sliding or vertical) at main exits in Groups B, F, M and S are allowed only if they are openable from the inside without a key or special knowledge during periods the space is occupied and remain secured in the full‑open position during public occupancy. No more than half of required exits may be so equipped when multiple exits exist. § 1010.3.4
  • Gates used in means of egress must meet the door requirements in this section. § 1010.4
  • Turnstiles or similar devices that restrict direction shall not obstruct required egress unless they meet the specific device capacity and release requirements. § 1010.5

Electrically locked/controlled egress and elevator lobbies

  • Electrically locked exit access doors (for example in elevator lobbies) are subject to strict conditions: automatic unlocking on fire alarm (except manual pull box activation), unlocking on loss of power, local override at fire command or attended station, adjacent two‑way communications, emergency lighting, and listed locking devices (UL 294 or UL 1034). See the specific elevator‑lobby conditions. § 1010.2.14
  • Controlled‑egress electrical locking systems have additional requirements (e.g., signaling, supervised power, single‑door passage limits, staff access to keys/codes). Cite the applicable controlled‑egress provisions in § 1010 as applied.

Reliability and approval

  • Security devices that affect means of egress are subject to approval by the fire code official and must be installed and maintained as required by Chapter 10. § 1032.2.1
  • Means of egress must be maintained free from obstructions or impediments to full instant use when the area is occupied. § 1032.2 (reliability)

Quick reference table (decision‑relevant dimensions / values)

Decision / dimension Value / threshold Where used Code reference
Minimum clear door width 32 in (813 mm) General egress door openings § 1010.1.1
Minimum clear door width (beds/stretcher) 44 in (1118 mm) Group I‑2 or ambulatory care (beds/stretcher) § 1010.1.1
Minimum clear height 80 in (2032 mm) All egress doors § 1010.1.1
Hardware mounting height 34–48 in (864–1219 mm) Handles, latches on accessible egress doors § 1010.2.3
Pool barrier latch height exception 52–54 in (1219–1370 mm) Pool gate latch releases (special case) § 1010.2.3 (exception)
Occupant load threshold for key‑operated main doors 300 occupants Permitted key locks on main exterior doors (certain occupancies) § 1010.2.4(3)
Glazed viewing area at locked exit access door 5 sq ft (0.46 m2) Exit access doors to exterior where locked § 1010.2.4(8.4)
Max exterior area for locking devices 300 occupants Occupant limit for occupied exterior area where exit access doors may be locked § 1010.2.4(8.6)
Balcony/exterior space small‑area locking allowed 250 sq ft (23.23 m2) Private office spaces serving small exterior spaces § 1010.2.4(10)
Table for manual bolts on inactive leaf See Table 1010.2.4 Use & limitations for manual/flush/constant bolts Table 1010.2.4
Security devices approval — Fire code official approval required § 1032.2.1

Exceptions & special cases

  • Detention and restraint environments are explicitly allowed to use locks that prevent door operation (exceptions apply). § 1010.2.4(1)
  • Healthcare (Group I‑2 and R‑2.1) may use locks for containment where clinical needs require it, but staff must be able to readily unlock doors and possess keys/codes. § 1010.2.4(2)
  • Single dwelling/sleeping unit doors in Group R are permitted night latches or deadbolts that require a second releasing motion only when they are openable from the inside without key/tool. § 1010.2.4(5)
  • Elevator lobby doors may be electrically locked only where the building has sprinklers/fire alarm, automatic unlocking on fire alarm, communications to an attended station, listed devices, etc. § 1010.2.14
  • Security grilles are allowed at main exits in certain occupancy groups but must be openable from the inside without key/special knowledge while occupied, and limited in number of exits so equipped. § 1010.3.4

If a specific locking arrangement or security device is not explicitly covered in the code text found in the supplied files, obtain approval from the fire code official; § 1032.2.1 requires approval of security devices that affect egress.

Common mistakes

  • Installing a key‑operated lock on an egress side without meeting the occupancy/notification signage and other conditions in § 1010.2.4.
  • Using security grilles that require keys or special knowledge to open while the space is occupied (violates § 1010.3.4).
  • Mounting hardware outside the 34–48 in range on required accessible egress doors (unless the lock is security‑only permitted at any height). § 1010.2.3
  • Creating a series of doors with controlled egress locks that force occupants to pass through more than one such locked door before entering an exit (restricted by controlled‑egress rules). See the controlled egress provisions.
  • Forgetting to provide required signage, occupant‑load posting and the 5 sq ft glazed viewing when locking exit access doors to exterior spaces. § 1010.2.4(8)

Worked example — retail store wanting a key‑lock on its main exit

Scenario: A single‑tenant retail store (Group M) with an occupant load of 200 wants a key‑operated lock on the main exterior egress door that can be locked from the egress side after hours.

How the code applies:

  1. Occupant load 200 ≤ 300, so the store falls within the occupancies that may allow a key‑operated locking device on the main exterior door per § 1010.2.4(3). § 1010.2.4(3)
  2. The lock must be readily distinguishable as locked and a durable interior sign stating “THIS DOOR TO REMAIN UNLOCKED WHEN THIS SPACE IS OCCUPIED” must be posted in 1‑inch letters adjacent to the door. § 1010.2.4(3.2–3.3)
  3. The fire code official may revoke permission if due cause exists; approval is not absolute. § 1010.2.4(3.4)
  4. If the store wanted to lock an exit access door that provides egress from an outdoor patio area instead, additional conditions apply (occupant‑load posting, weatherproof phone/two‑way communications, 5 sq ft glazed view, and occupant load of the outdoor area ≤ 300). § 1010.2.4(8)

Outcome: With occupant load 200, the store may use a key‑operated lock on its main exterior door only if the lock is distinguishable, the required sign is posted, and approval is maintained by the authority having jurisdiction.

Related provisions (CFC / applicable references)

  • § 1010.1 — Doors, gates and turnstiles (general)
  • § 1010.1.1 — Size of doors (minimum clear widths/heights)
  • § 1010.2.1 — Unlatching (one motion)
  • § 1010.2.3 — Hardware height (34–48 in)
  • § 1010.2.4 — Locks and latches; specific allowable locking arrangements and conditions (including Table 1010.2.4)
  • § 1010.3.4 — Security grilles at main exits
  • § 1010.4 — Gates in the means of egress
  • § 1010.5 — Turnstiles and similar devices
  • § 1010.2.14 — Electrically locked elevator‑lobby exit access doors (conditions)
  • § 1032.2.1 — Security devices and egress locks — approval & installation/maintenance requirement

Code references

Grounded in the retrieved California Fire Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

  • CFC § 1010.2.4 High relevance — show source text

    [BE] 1010.2.4 Locks and latches. Locks and latches shall be permitted to prevent operation of doors where any of the following exist:

    1. Places of detention or restraint.

    2. In Group R-2.1 and Group I-2 occupancies where the clinical needs of persons receiving care require containment or where persons receiving care pose a security threat, provided that all clinical staff can readily unlock doors at all times, and all such locks are keyed to keys carried by all clinical staff at all times or all clinical staff have the codes or other means necessary to operate the locks at all times.

    3. In buildings in occupancy Group A having an occupant load of 300 or less, Groups B, F, M and S, and in places of religious worship, the main door or doors are permitted to be equipped with key-operated locking devices from the egress side provided that: 3.1. The doors are the main exterior doors to the building, or the doors are the main doors to the tenant space. 3.2. The locking device is readily distinguishable as locked. 3.3. A readily visible durable sign is posted on the egress side on or adjacent to the door stating: “THIS DOOR TO REMAIN UNLOCKED WHEN THIS SPACE IS OCCUPIED.” The sign shall be in letters 1 inch (25 mm) high on a contrasting background.

    10-22 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    MEANS OF EGRESS

    3.4. The use of the key-operated locking device is revocable by the fire code official for due cause. 4. Manual bolts, automatic flush bolts and constant latching bolts on the inactive leaf of a pair of doors in accordance with Table 1010.2.4, provided that the inactive leaf does not have a doorknob, panic hardware, or similar operating hardware.

    1. Single exit doors complying with Section 1006.2.1 or 1006.3.4 from individual dwelling or sleeping units of Group R occupancies and equipped with a night latch, dead bolt or security chain that requires a second releasing motion, provided that such devices are openable from the inside without the use of a key or tool.

    2. Fire doors after the minimum elevated temperature has disabled the unlatching mechanism in accordance with listed fire door test procedures.

    3. Doors serving roofs not intended to be occupied shall be permitted to be locked, preventing entry to the building from the roof.

    4. Other than egress courts, where occupants must egress from an exterior space through the building for means of egress, exit access doors shall be permitted to be equipped with an approved locking device where installed and operated in accordance with all of the following: 8.1. The maximum occupant load shall be posted where required by Section 1004.9. Such sign shall be permanently affixed inside the building and shall be posted in a conspicuous space near all the exit access doorways. 8.2. A weatherproof telephone or two-way communication system installed in accordance with Sections 1009.8.1 and 1009.8.2 shall be located adjacent to not less than one required exit access door on the exterior side. 8.3. The egress door locking device is readily distinguishable as locked and shall be a key-operated locking device. 8.4.

  • CFC § 1010.2.1 High relevance — show source text

    [BE] 1010.2.1 Unlatching. The unlatching of any door or leaf for egress shall require not more than one motion in a single linear or rotational direction to release all latching and all locking devices. locking devices. Manual bolts are not permitted.

    Exceptions:

    1. Places of detention or restraint.

    2. Doors with manual bolts, automatic flush bolts and constant latching bolts as permitted by Section 1010.2.4, Item 4.

    3. Doors from individual dwelling units and sleeping units of Group R occupancies as permitted by Section 1010.2.4, Item 5.

    [BE] 1010.2.2 Hardware. Door handles, pulls, latches, locks and other operating devices on doors required to be accessible by Chapter 11A or 11B of the California Building Code shall not require tight grasping, tight pinching or twisting of the wrist to operate.

    These design requirements for door handles, pulls, latches, locks and other operating devices, intended for use on required means of egress doors in other than Group R and M occupancies with an occupant load of 10 or less, shall comply with SFM Standard 12-10-2, Section 12-10-202, contained in the CCR, Title 24, Part 12, California Referenced Standards Code.

    [BE] 1010.2.3 Hardware height. Door handles, pulls, latches, locks and other operating devices shall be installed 34 inches (864 mm) minimum and 48 inches (1219 mm) maximum above the finished floor.

    Exceptions:

    1. Locks used only for security purposes and not used for normal operation are permitted at any height.
    2. Where the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code requires restricting access to a pool, spa or hot tub, and where door and gate latch release mechanisms are accessed from the outside of the barrier and are not of the self-locking type, such a mechanism shall be located above the finished floor or ground surface, not less than 52 inches (1219 mm) and not greater than 54 inches (1370 mm), provided that the latch release mechanism is not a self-locking type such as where the lock is operated by means of a key, electronic opener or the entry of a combination into an integral combination lock.

    [BE] 1010.2.4 Locks and latches. Locks and latches shall be permitted to prevent operation of doors where any of the following exist:

    1. Places of detention or restraint.

    2. In Group R-2.1 and Group I-2 occupancies where the clinical needs of persons receiving care require containment or where persons receiving care pose a security threat, provided that all clinical staff can readily unlock doors at all times, and all such locks are keyed to keys carried by all clinical staff at all times or all clinical staff have the codes or other means necessary to operate the locks at all times.

    3. In buildings in occupancy Group A having an occupant load of 300 or less, Groups B, F, M and S, and in places of religious worship, the main door or doors are permitted to be equipped with key-operated locking devices from the egress side provided that: 3.1. The doors are the main exterior doors to the building, or the doors are the main doors to the tenant space. 3.2. The locking device is readily distinguishable as locked. 3.3.

  • CFC § 1010.2.4 High relevance — show source text

    1010.2.4 Locks and latches. Locks and latches shall be permitted to prevent operation of doors where any of the following exist:

    1. Places of detention or restraint.

    2. In Group I-2 and R-2.1 occupancies where the clinical needs of persons receiving care require containment or where persons receiving care pose a security threat, provided that all clinical staff can readily unlock doors at all times, and all such locks are keyed to keys carried by all clinical staff at all times or all clinical staff have the codes or other means necessary to operate the locks at all times.

    2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE 10-21

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    MEANS OF EGRESS

    1. In buildings in occupancy Group A having an occupant load of 300 or less, Groups B, F, M and S, and in places of religious worship, the main door or doors are permitted to be equipped with key-operated locking devices from the egress side provided that: 3.1. The doors are the main exterior doors to the building, or the doors are the main doors to the tenant space. 3.2. The locking device is readily distinguishable as locked. 3.3. A readily visible durable sign is posted on the egress side on or adjacent to the door stating: THIS DOOR TO REMAIN UNLOCKED WHEN THIS SPACE IS OCCUPIED. The sign shall be in letters 1 inch (25 mm) high on a contrasting background. 3.4. The use of the key-operated locking device is revocable by the building official for due cause.

    2. Manual bolts, automatic flush bolts and constant latching bolts on the inactive leaf of a pair of doors in accordance with Table 1010.2.4, provided that the inactive leaf does not have a doorknob, panic hardware, or similar operating hardware.

    3. Single exit doors complying with Section 1006.2.1 or 1006.3.4 from individual dwelling or sleeping units of Group R occupancies and equipped with a night latch, dead bolt or security chain that requires a second releasing motion, provided that such devices are openable from the inside without the use of a key or tool.

    4. Fire doors after the minimum elevated temperature has disabled the unlatching mechanism in accordance with listed fire door test procedures.

    5. Doors serving roofs not intended to be occupied shall be permitted to be locked preventing entry to the building from the roof.

    6. Other than egress courts, where occupants must egress from an exterior space through the building for means of egress, exit access doors shall be permitted to be equipped with an approved locking device where installed and operated in accordance with all of the following: 8.1. The maximum occupant load shall be posted where required by Section 1004.9. Such signage shall be permanently affixed inside the building and shall be posted in a conspicuous space near all the exit access doorways. 8.2. A weatherproof telephone or two-way communication system installed in accordance with Sections 1009.8.1 and 1009.8.2 shall be located adjacent to not less than one required exit access door on the exterior side. 8.3. The egress door locking device is readily distinguishable as locked and shall be a key-operated locking device. 8.4.

  • CFC § 1010.2 High relevance — show source text

    1010.2 Door operations. Except as specifically permitted by this section, egress doors shall be readily openable from the egress side without the use of a key or special knowledge or effort.

    1010.2.1 Unlatching. The unlatching of any door or leaf for egress shall require not more than one motion in a single linear or rotational direction to release all latching and all locking devices. Manual bolts are not permitted.

    Exceptions:

    1. Places of detention or restraint.

    2. Doors with manual bolts, automatic flush bolts and constant latching bolts as permitted by Section 1010.2.4, Item 4.

    3. Doors from individual dwelling units and sleeping units of Group R occupancies as permitted by Section 1010.2.4, Item 5.

    1010.2.2 Hardware. Door handles, pulls, latches, locks and other operating devices on doors required to be accessible by Chapter 11A or 11B shall not require tight grasping, tight pinching or twisting of the wrist to operate.

    These design requirements for door handles, pulls, latches, locks and other operating devices, intended for use on required means of egress doors in other than Group R and M occupancies with an occupant load of 10 or less, shall comply with SFM Standard 12-10-2, Section 12-10-202 contained in the CCR, Title 24, Part 12, California Referenced Standards Code.

    1010.2.3 Hardware height. Door handles, pulls, latches, locks and other operating devices shall be installed 34 inches (864 mm) minimum and 48 inches (1219 mm) maximum above the finished floor.

    Exceptions:

    1. Locks used only for security purposes and not used for normal operation are permitted at any height.
    2. Where the California Building Code requires restricting access to a pool, spa or hot tub, and where door and gate latch release mechanisms are accessed from the outside of the barrier and are not of the self-locking type, such a mechanism shall be located above the finished floor or ground surface not less than 52 inches (1219 mm) and not greater than 54 inches (1370 mm), provided that the latch release mechanism is not a self-locking type such as where the lock is operated by means of a key, electronic opener or the entry of a combination into an integral combination lock.

    1010.2.4 Locks and latches. Locks and latches shall be permitted to prevent operation of doors where any of the following exist:

    1. Places of detention or restraint.

    2. In Group I-2 and R-2.1 occupancies where the clinical needs of persons receiving care require containment or where persons receiving care pose a security threat, provided that all clinical staff can readily unlock doors at all times, and all such locks are keyed to keys carried by all clinical staff at all times or all clinical staff have the codes or other means necessary to operate the locks at all times.

    2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE 10-21

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    MEANS OF EGRESS

    1. In buildings in occupancy Group A having an occupant load of 300 or less, Groups B, F, M and S, and in places of religious worship, the main door or doors are permitted to be equipped with key-operated locking devices from the egress side provided that: 3.1.
  • CFC § 1006.2.1 High relevance — show source text

    1. Single exit doors complying with Section 1006.2.1 or 1006.3.4 from individual dwelling or sleeping units of Group R occupancies and equipped with a night latch, dead bolt or security chain that requires a second releasing motion, provided that such devices are openable from the inside without the use of a key or tool.

    2. Fire doors after the minimum elevated temperature has disabled the unlatching mechanism in accordance with listed fire door test procedures.

    3. Doors serving roofs not intended to be occupied shall be permitted to be locked, preventing entry to the building from the roof.

    4. Other than egress courts, where occupants must egress from an exterior space through the building for means of egress, exit access doors shall be permitted to be equipped with an approved locking device where installed and operated in accordance with all of the following: 8.1. The maximum occupant load shall be posted where required by Section 1004.9. Such sign shall be permanently affixed inside the building and shall be posted in a conspicuous space near all the exit access doorways. 8.2. A weatherproof telephone or two-way communication system installed in accordance with Sections 1009.8.1 and 1009.8.2 shall be located adjacent to not less than one required exit access door on the exterior side. 8.3. The egress door locking device is readily distinguishable as locked and shall be a key-operated locking device. 8.4. A clear window or glazed door opening, not less than 5 square feet (0.46 m [2] ) in area, shall be provided at each exit access door to determine if there are occupants using the outdoor area. 8.5. A readily visible durable sign shall be posted on the interior side on or adjacent to each locked required exit access door serving the exterior area stating: “THIS DOOR TO REMAIN UNLOCKED WHEN THE OUTDOOR AREA IS OCCUPIED.” The letters on the sign shall be not less than 1 inch (25.4 mm) high on a contrasting background. 8.6. The occupant load of the occupied exterior area shall not exceed 300 occupants in accordance with Section 1004.

    5. Locking devices are permitted on doors to balconies, decks or other exterior spaces serving individual dwelling or sleeping units.

    6. Locking devices are permitted on doors to balconies, decks or other exterior spaces of 250 square feet (23.23 m [2] ) or less, serving a private office space.

    [BE] TABLE 1010.2.4—MANUAL BOLTS, AUTOMATIC FLUSH BOLTS
    AND CONSTANT LATCHING BOLTS ON THE INACTIVE LEAF OF A PAIR OF DOORS    		 Col2 Col3 Col4 Col5
    APPLICATION WITH A PAIR
    OF DOORS WITH AN ACTIVE LEAF
    AND AN INACTIVE LEAF    		 THE PAIR OF DOORS ARE
    REQUIRED TO COMPLY
    WITHCBC SECTION 716    		 PERMITTED USES OF MANUAL BOLTS, AUTOMATIC FLUSH BOLTS AND
    CONSTANT LATCHING BOLTS ON THE INACTIVE LEAF OF A PAIR OF
    DOORS    		 PERMITTED USES OF MANUAL BOLTS, AUTOMATIC FLUSH BOLTS AND
    CONSTANT LATCHING BOLTS ON THE INACTIVE LEAF OF A PAIR OF
    DOORS    		 **PERMITTED USES OF MANUAL BOLTS,
  • CFC § 1126A.5 High relevance — show source text

    1126A.5 Type of latch and lock. The type of latch and lock required for all doors or gates shall be in accordance with Section 1126A.6 and Chapter 10.

    1126A.6 Hand-activated door or gate hardware. Hand-activated door or gate latching, locking and opening hardware shall be centered between 30 inches (762 mm) and 44 inches (1118 mm) above the floor. Latching and locking doors or gates that are hand-acti- vated and on an accessible route shall be operable with a single effort by lever type hardware, panic bars, push-pull activating bars or other hardware designed to provide passage without requiring the ability to grasp the opening hardware. Locked exit doors or gates shall operate consistent with Section 1126A.4, in the direction of egress. When sliding doors are in the fully open position, operating hard- ware shall be exposed and usable from both sides.

    Exception: Access gates in barrier walls and fences protecting pools, spas and hot tubs shall be permitted to have operable parts of the release of latch on self-latching devices at 54 inches (1372 mm) maximum above the finish floor or ground provided the self-latch- ing devices are not also self-locking devices operated by means of a key, electronic opener or integral combination lock. 1126A.6.1 Lever type hardware. The lever or lever of actuated latches or locks shall be curved with a return to within [1] / 2 inch (12.7 mm) of the door or gate to prevent catching on the clothing of persons during egress.

    Exception: Group R and U occupancies with an occupant load of 10 or less.

    1126A.7 Smooth surface. Swinging door or gate surfaces within 10 inches (254 mm) of the finish floor or ground measured vertically shall have a smooth surface on the push side extending the full width of the door or gate. Parts creating horizontal or vertical joints in these surfaces shall be within [1] / 16 inch (1.6 mm) of the same plane as the other and be free of sharp or abrasive edges. Cavities created by added kick plates shall be capped.

    Exceptions:

    1. Automatic doors or gates. 2. Tempered glass doors without stiles and having a bottom rail or shoe with the top leading edge tapered at 60 degrees mini- mum from the horizontal.

    3. Doors or gates that do not extend to within 10 inches (254 mm) of the finish floor or ground.

    1126A.8 Windows. Where glazed openings are provided in accessible rooms or spaces for operation by occupants, at least one opening shall comply with Section 1138A.4.

    Each glazed opening required by the enforcing agency to be operable shall comply with Section 1138A.4.

    SECTION 1127A —COMMON USE FACILITIES

    Note: For public use facilities, see Chapter 11B of this code.

    1127A.1 General. When provided, common use areas and facilities in covered multifamily housing developments shall be accessible to persons with disabilities. Common use facilities include, but are not limited to, lobbies, toilet and bathing facilities, laundry facilities, community rooms, clubhouses, health and fitness facilities, game rooms and portions of common use tenant storage. All entrances,

  • CFC § 11A-8 High relevance — show source text

    **_ Maneuvering clearances for forward approach shall be provided when any obstruction within 18 inches (457 mm) of the latch side of an interior doorway, or within 24 inches (610 mm) of the latch side of an exterior door- way, projects more than 8 inches (203 mm) beyond the face of the door or gate, measured perpendicular to the face of the door or gate. (See Figure 11A-8C.) 1126A.4 Closer-effort to operate doors or gates. Maximum effort to operate doors or gates shall not exceed 8 [1] / 2 pounds (38 N) for exte- rior doors or gates and 5 pounds (22 N) for interior doors or gates, such pull or push effort being applied at right angles to hinged doors or gates and at the center plane of sliding or folding doors. Compensating devices or automatic door or gate operators may be utilized to meet these standards. When fire doors are required, the maximum effort to operate the door may be increased to the minimum allow- able by the appropriate enforcement agency, not to exceed 15 pounds (66.7 N).

    1126A.4.1 Door or gate closer. If a door or gate has a closer, the sweep period of the closer shall be adjusted so that from an open position of 90 degrees, the door or gate will take 5 seconds minimum to move to a position of 12 degrees from the latch.

    1126A.4.2 Spring hinges. Spring hinges shall be adjusted so that from the open position of 70 degrees, the door or gate shall move to the closed position in 1.5 seconds minimum.

    1126A.5 Type of latch and lock. The type of latch and lock required for all doors or gates shall be in accordance with Section 1126A.6 and Chapter 10.

    1126A.6 Hand-activated door or gate hardware. Hand-activated door or gate latching, locking and opening hardware shall be centered between 30 inches (762 mm) and 44 inches (1118 mm) above the floor. Latching and locking doors or gates that are hand-acti- vated and on an accessible route shall be operable with a single effort by lever type hardware, panic bars, push-pull activating bars or other hardware designed to provide passage without requiring the ability to grasp the opening hardware. Locked exit doors or gates shall operate consistent with Section 1126A.4, in the direction of egress. When sliding doors are in the fully open position, operating hard- ware shall be exposed and usable from both sides.

    Exception: Access gates in barrier walls and fences protecting pools, spas and hot tubs shall be permitted to have operable parts of the release of latch on self-latching devices at 54 inches (1372 mm) maximum above the finish floor or ground provided the self-latch- ing devices are not also self-locking devices operated by means of a key, electronic opener or integral combination lock. 1126A.6.1 Lever type hardware. The lever or lever of actuated latches or locks shall be curved with a return to within [1] / 2 inch (12.7 mm) of the door or gate to prevent catching on the clothing of persons during egress.

    Exception: Group R and U occupancies with an occupant load of 10 or less.

  • CFC § 1010.2.4 High relevance — show source text

    The use of the key-operated locking device is revocable by the building official for due cause. 4. Manual bolts, automatic flush bolts and constant latching bolts on the inactive leaf of a pair of doors in accordance with Table 1010.2.4, provided that the inactive leaf does not have a doorknob, panic hardware, or similar operating hardware. 5. Single exit doors complying with Section 1006.2.1 or 1006.3.4 from individual dwelling or sleeping units of Group R occupancies and equipped with a night latch, dead bolt or security chain that requires a second releasing motion, provided that such devices are openable from the inside without the use of a key or tool. 6. Fire doors after the minimum elevated temperature has disabled the unlatching mechanism in accordance with listed fire door test procedures. 7. Doors serving roofs not intended to be occupied shall be permitted to be locked preventing entry to the building from the roof.

    1. Other than egress courts, where occupants must egress from an exterior space through the building for means of egress, exit access doors shall be permitted to be equipped with an approved locking device where installed and operated in accordance with all of the following: 8.1. The maximum occupant load shall be posted where required by Section 1004.9. Such signage shall be permanently affixed inside the building and shall be posted in a conspicuous space near all the exit access doorways. 8.2. A weatherproof telephone or two-way communication system installed in accordance with Sections 1009.8.1 and 1009.8.2 shall be located adjacent to not less than one required exit access door on the exterior side. 8.3. The egress door locking device is readily distinguishable as locked and shall be a key-operated locking device. 8.4. A clear window or glazed door opening, not less than 5 square feet (0.46 m [2] ) in area, shall be provided at each exit access door to determine if there are occupants using the outdoor area. 8.5. A readily visible, durable sign shall be posted on the interior side on or adjacent to each locked required exit access door serving the exterior area stating, “THIS DOOR TO REMAIN UNLOCKED WHEN THE OUTDOOR AREA IS OCCUPIED.” The letters on the sign shall be not less than 1 inch (25.4 mm) high on a contrasting background. 8.6. The occupant load of the occupied exterior area shall not exceed 300 occupants in accordance with Section 1004.
    2. Locking devices are permitted on doors to balconies, decks or other exterior spaces serving individual dwelling or sleeping units.
    3. Locking devices are permitted on doors to balconies, decks or other exterior spaces of 250 square feet (23.23 m [2] ) or less serving a private office space.
    TABLE 1010.2.4—MANUAL BOLTS, AUTOMATIC FLUSH BOLTS AND
    CONSTANT LATCHING BOLTS ON THE INACTIVE LEAF OF A PAIR OF DOORS    		 Col2 Col3 Col4 Col5
    APPLICATION WITH A PAIR OF DOORS WITH AN ACTIVE LEAF
    AND AN INACTIVE LEAF    		 THE PAIR OF
    DOORS IS
    REQUIRED TO
    COMPLY WITH
    SECTION 716    		 **PERMITTED USES OF MANUAL BOLTS,
  • CFC § 1010.1 High relevance — show source text

    SECTION 1010—DOORS, GATES AND TURNSTILES

    [BE] 1010.1 Doors. Doors in the means of egress shall comply with the requirements of Sections 1010.1.1 through 1010.3.4. Exterior exit doors shall also comply with the requirements of Section 1022.2. Gates in the means of egress shall comply with the requirements of Sections 1010.4 and 1010.4.1. Turnstiles in the means of egress shall comply with the requirements of Sections 1010.5 through 1010.5.4.

    Doors, gates and turnstiles provided for egress purposes in numbers greater than required by this code shall comply with the requirements of this section.

    Doors in the means of egress shall be readily distinguishable from the adjacent construction and finishes such that the doors are easily recognizable as doors. Mirrors or similar reflecting materials shall not be used on means of egress doors. Means of egress doors shall not be concealed by curtains, drapes, decorations or similar materials.

    [BE] 1010.1.1 Size of doors. The required capacity of each door opening shall be sufficient for the occupant load thereof and shall provide a minimum clear opening width of 32 inches (813 mm). The clear opening width of doorways with swinging doors shall be measured between the face of the door and the frame stop, with the door open 90 degrees (1.57 rad). Where this section requires a minimum clear opening width of 32 inches (813 mm) and a door opening includes two door leaves without a mullion, one leaf shall provide a minimum clear opening width of 32 inches (813 mm). In Group I-2 or an ambulatory care facility, doors serving as means of egress doors where used for the movement of beds and stretcher patients shall provide a minimum clear opening width of 44 inches (1118 mm). Where this section requires a minimum clear opening width of 44 inches (1118 mm) and a door opening includes two door leaves without a mullion, one leaf shall provide a minimum clear opening width of 44 inches (1118 mm). The minimum clear opening height of doors shall be not less than 80 inches (2032 mm).

    Exceptions:

    1. In Group R-2 and R-3 dwelling and sleeping units that are not required to be an Accessible unit, Type A unit or Type B unit, the minimum width shall not apply to door openings that are not part of the required means of egress.
    2. Group I-3 door openings to resident sleeping units that are not required to be an Accessible unit shall have a minimum clear opening width of 28 inches (711 mm).
    3. Door openings to storage closets less than 10 square feet (0.93 m [2] ) in area shall not be limited by the minimum clear opening width.
    4. Door openings within a dwelling unit or sleeping unit shall have a minimum clear opening height of 78 inches (1981 mm).
    5. In dwelling and sleeping units that are not required to be Accessible, Type A or Type B units, exterior door openings, other than the required exit door, shall have a minimum clear opening height of 76 inches (1930 mm).
    6. In Groups R-2, R-3 and R-4, in dwelling and sleeping units that are not required to be Accessible, Type A or Type B units, the minimum clear opening widths shall not apply to interior egress doors.
  • CFC § 1010.3.4 High relevance — show source text
    1. The door shall open to the minimum required width within 10 seconds after activation of the operating device.

    [BE] 1010.3.4 Security grilles. In Groups B, F, M and S, horizontal sliding or vertical security grilles are permitted at the main exit and shall be openable from the inside without the use of a key or special knowledge or effort during periods that the space is occupied. The grilles shall remain secured in the full-open position during the period of occupancy by the general public. Where two or more exits or access to exits are required, not more than one-half of the exits or exit access doorways shall be equipped with horizontal sliding or vertical security grilles.

    [BE] 1010.4 Gates. Gates serving the means of egress system shall comply with the requirements of this section. Gates used as a component in a means of egress shall conform to the applicable requirements for doors.

    [BE] 1010.4.1 Stadiums. Panic hardware is not required on gates surrounding stadiums where such gates are under constant immediate supervision while the public is present, and where safe dispersal areas based on 3 square feet (0.28 m [2] ) per occupant are located between the fence and enclosed space. Such required safe dispersal areas shall not be located less than 50 feet (15 240 mm) from the enclosed space. See Section 1028.5 for means of egress from safe dispersal areas.

    [BE] 1010.5 Turnstiles and similar devices. Turnstiles or similar devices that restrict travel to one direction shall not be placed so as to obstruct any required means of egress, except where permitted in accordance with Sections 1010.5.1, 1010.5.2 and 1010.5.3.

    [BE] 1010.5.1 Capacity. Each turnstile or similar device shall be credited with a capacity based on not more than a 50-person occupant load where all of the following provisions are met:

    1. Each device shall turn free in the direction of egress travel when primary power is lost and on the manual release by an employee in the area.

    2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 10-29

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    MEANS OF EGRESS

    1. Such devices are not given credit for more than 50 percent of the required egress capacity or width.
    2. Each device is not more than 39 inches (991 mm) high.
    3. Each device has not less than 16 [1] / 2 inches (419 mm) clear width at and below a height of 39 inches (991 mm) and not less than 22 inches (559 mm) clear width at heights above 39 inches (991 mm).

    [BE] 1010.5.1.1 Clear width. Where located as part of an accessible route, turnstiles shall have not less than 36 inches (914 mm) clear width at and below a height of 34 inches (864 mm), not less than 32 inches (813 mm) clear width between 34 inches (864 mm) and 80 inches (2032 mm) and shall consist of a mechanism other than a revolving device.

  • CFC § 1.9.1 High relevance — show source text

    SECTION 1010—DOORS, GATES AND TURNSTILES

    [DSA-AC] In addition to the requirements of this section, means of egress, which provide access to, or egress from, buildings or facilities where accessibility is required for applications listed in Section 1.9.1 regulated by the Division of the State Architect—Access Compliance, shall also comply with Chapter 11A or Chapter 11B, Sections 11B-206.5 and 11B-404, as applicable.

    1010.1 General. Doors in the means of egress shall comply with the requirements of Sections 1010.1.1 through 1010.3.4. Exterior exit doors shall also comply with the requirements of Section 1022.2. Gates in the means of egress shall comply with the requirements of Sections 1010.4 and 1010.4.1. Turnstiles in the means of egress shall comply with the requirements of Sections 1010.5 through 1010.5.4.

    Doors, gates and turnstiles provided for egress purposes in numbers greater than required by this code shall comply with the requirements of this section.

    Doors in the means of egress shall be readily distinguishable from the adjacent construction and finishes such that the doors are easily recognizable as doors. Mirrors or similar reflecting materials shall not be used on means of egress doors. Means of egress doors shall not be concealed by curtains, drapes, decorations or similar materials.

    1010.1.1 Size of doors. The required capacity of each door opening shall be sufficient for the occupant load thereof and shall provide a minimum clear opening width of 32 inches (813 mm). The clear opening width of doorways with swinging doors shall be measured between the face of the door and the frame stop, with the door open 90 degrees (1.57 rad). Where this section requires a minimum clear opening width of 32 inches (813 mm) and a door opening includes two door leaves without a mullion, one leaf shall provide a minimum clear opening width of 32 inches (813 mm). In Group I-2 or an ambulatory care facility, doors serving as means of egress doors where used for the movement of beds and stretcher patients shall provide a minimum clear opening width of 44 inches (1118 mm). Where this section requires a minimum clear opening width of 44 inches (1118 mm) and a door opening includes two door leaves without a mullion, one leaf shall provide a minimum clear opening width of 44 inches (1118 mm). The minimum clear opening height of doors shall be not less than 80 inches (2032 mm).

    Exceptions:

    1. In Group R-2 and R-3 dwelling and sleeping units that are not required to be adaptable or accessible as specified in Chapter 11A, the minimum width shall not apply to door openings that are not part of the required means of egress.
    2. In Group I-3, door openings to resident sleeping units that are not required to be adaptable or accessible as specified in Chapter 11A shall have a minimum clear opening width of 28 inches (711 mm).
    3. Door openings to storage closets less than 10 square feet (0.93 m [2] ) in area shall not be limited by the minimum clear opening width.
    4. Door openings within a dwelling unit or sleeping unit shall have a minimum clear opening height of 78 inches (1981 mm).
  • CFC § 1010.2.14 High relevance — show source text

    The switch shall directly break power to the electric lock.

    1. A building occupant shall not be required to pass through more than one door equipped with a controlled egress locking system before entering an exit. 5. All staff shall have the keys, codes or other means necessary to operate the controlled egress electrical locking systems. 6. Emergency lighting shall be provided at the door. 7. The electromechanical or electromagnetic locking device shall be listed in accordance with either UL 294 or UL 1034.

    Exception: Items 1 through 4 shall not apply to doors to areas occupied by persons who, because of clinical needs, require restraint or containment as part of the function of a psychiatric or mental health treatment area.

    1010.2.14 Elevator lobby exit access doors. Electrically locked exit access doors providing egress from elevator lobbies shall meet the following conditions:

    1. For all occupants of the floor, the path of exit access travel to not less than two exits is not required to pass through the elevator lobby.
    2. The building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, and a fire alarm system in accordance with Section 907. Elevator lobbies shall be provided with an automatic smoke detection system in accordance with Section 907.
    3. Upon activation of the building fire alarm system by means other than a manual fire alarm box shall automatically unlock the electric locks providing exit access from the elevator lobbies, and the electric locks shall remain unlocked until the fire alarm system is reset.
    4. The electric locks shall unlock on loss of power to the electric locks or electrical locking system.
    5. The electric locks shall have the capability of being unlocked by a switch located at the fire command center, security station or other approved location.
    6. A two-way communication system complying with Sections 1009.8.1 and 1009.8.2, shall be located in the elevator lobby adjacent to the electrically locked exit access door and connected to an approved constantly attended station. This constantly attended station shall have the capability of unlocking the electric locks of the elevator lobby exit access doors.
    7. Emergency lighting shall be provided in the elevator lobby on both sides of the electrically locked door.
    8. The electromechanical or electromagnetic locking device shall be listed in accordance with either UL 294 or UL 1034.

    1010.2.15 Reserved.

    10-26 2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    MEANS OF EGRESS

    1010.3 Special doors. Special doors and security grilles shall comply with the requirements of Sections 1010.3.1 through 1010.3.4.

    1010.3.1 Revolving doors. Revolving doors shall comply with the following:

    1. Revolving doors shall comply with BHMA A156.27 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

    2. Each revolving door shall be capable of breakout in accordance with BHMA A156.27 and shall provide an aggregate width of not less than 36 inches (914 mm).

    3. A revolving door shall not be located within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the foot or top of stairways or escalators. A dispersal area shall be provided between the stairways or escalators and the revolving doors.

    4. The revolutions per minute (rpm) for a revolving door shall not exceed the maximum rpm as specified in BHMA A156.27.

Frequently asked questions

Can a business put a keyed deadbolt on the inside of an egress door?

Only if the occupancy and circumstances match the code exceptions (for instance, main exterior doors in certain occupancies with occupant load ≤ 300) and the device meets the specific conditions (distinguishable as locked; signage; approval by the fire code official). See § 1010.2.4.

Are security grilles allowed at shopping‑center storefronts?

Yes in specified occupancy groups (B, F, M, S) but the grille must be openable from the inside without a key or special knowledge while the space is occupied, and no more than half of the required exits can have grilles. § 1010.3.4

What if an electric lock fails during a fire alarm?

Electrically locked exit access doors (including elevator‑lobby locks) are required to unlock automatically on fire alarm activation (and on loss of power) per the elevator lobby and controlled egress provisions. § 1010.2.14

Who approves novel security devices that affect egress?

The fire code official must approve security devices that affect means of egress; installation and maintenance must comply with Chapter 10 requirements. § 1032.2.1

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California Fire Code