CFC · California Fire Code

Flammable and combustible liquid storage: control areas, rooms and safety cans

Q: Can any safety can be used to increase the control‑area limit?

No. Only safety cans listed to UL 30 may be used where the code allows increasing the maximum allowable quantity per control area; UL 1313 cans do not provide that increase. § 5003.9.10 .

Q: I transport cans through a corridor to a storage room; do I need a cart?

Yes — liquids in containers exceeding 5.28 gallons (20 L) in an elevator, corridor or stair enclosure must be transported on an approved cart or truck per § 5003.10.2 .

If you store flammable or combustible liquids in California, the first test is whether you exceed the code’s maximum allowable quantity for a control area — if you do, you must move to compliant liquid storage rooms/warehouses or meet Chapter 50/57 requirements (spill containment for vessels >55 gal or aggregate >1,000 gal, cabinet limits, listed safety cans, ventilation and sprinkler protections). See **§ 5004**, **§ 5701.1**, **§ 5003.9.10** and the liquid storage sections in Chapter 57 for the specific numeric triggers and construction details.

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Last reviewed: July 6, 2026

What the code requires — 2–4 sentences

In the California Fire Code (CFC), storage of flammable and combustible liquids is controlled by quantity limits per control area and by construction, spill‑containment and fire‑protection rules for rooms, warehouses and cabinets. Key provisions include spill control and secondary containment requirements in § 5004, the scope and application of the liquids chapter in § 5701.1, the use, construction and capacity limits for storage cabinets and rooms in Chapter 57 (e.g., § 5704.3), and the listing requirement for safety cans in § 5003.9.10. Where liquids exceed the maximum allowable quantity per control area they must be stored in liquid storage rooms/warehouses or otherwise meet the Chapter 50 storage requirements (see § 5004 and § 5704).

The single most important rule: do not exceed the maximum allowable quantity per control area — if you do, you must meet the storage room/warehouse, spill containment, ventilation and fire‑protection requirements of Chapter 50 and Chapter 57 (see § 5004 and § 5701.1).

Requirements in detail

1) What triggers the stricter storage rules (control areas vs. ordinary storage)

The code uses a maximum allowable quantity per control area (Tables 5003.1.1(1) etc.) as the threshold: quantities not exceeding that amount follow the normal provisions in § 5001/5003, while quantities exceeding the limit must comply with § 5004 (storage) and Chapter 57 (liquids) requirements. § 5701.1 restates that Chapter 57 controls prevention, control and mitigation for flammable and combustible liquids.
If you exceed the control‑area limit, you must use: liquid storage rooms, liquid storage warehouses, or comply with the Chapter 50 storage requirements (spill control, ventilation, fire protection).

2) Spill control and secondary containment (when required)

Spill control is required for indoor storage of liquids in any individual vessel > 55 gallons (208 L), or where aggregate capacity of multiple vessels exceeds 1,000 gallons (3,785 L). Floors must be capable of containing a spill from the largest single vessel by one of the prescribed methods (liquid‑tight sloped or recessed floors, sills/dikes, sumps, or approved engineered systems). See § 5004.2.
Secondary containment is required where Table 5004.2.2 indicates (see table in § 5004.2.2). The code lists the numeric trigger for liquids cited above (55 gal and 1,000 gal).

3) Liquid storage rooms, warehouses and ventilation / fire protection

Quantities that exceed control‑area limits must be placed in liquid storage rooms or liquid storage warehouses and comply with the room/warehouse provisions in Chapter 57 (Sections 5704.3.7–5704.3.8). Liquid storage warehouses have detailed requirements for arrangement, in‑rack sprinklers, ventilation, spill control and automatic sprinklers.
Chapter 57 requires automatic fire protection for many storage arrangements and prescribes ventilation rates for warehouses storing containers > 5 gallons (19 L) (ventilation ≥ 0.25 cfm/ft² of storage floor area where applicable).

4) Cabinets and safety cans

Liquid storage cabinets: combined total per cabinet is limited to 120 gallons (454 L); cabinets must meet the listed construction, labeling, self‑closing door and liquid‑tight bottom (2‑inch) details in Chapter 57. See § 5704.3.2.
Safety cans: only listed safety cans may be used to increase the maximum allowable quantities per control area. Specifically, safety cans listed to UL 30 can be used where the code allows an increase in the maximum allowable quantity per control area; cans listed to UL 1313 are allowed when not used to increase those control‑area quantities (or for other hazardous liquids per their listing). See § 5003.9.10.

5) Storage arrangement and clearances

Piles/containers of Class I/II liquids have stacking and clearance limits: e.g., containers < 30 gallons holding Class I/II liquids not stacked more than 3 feet (or two high) unless on fixed shelving; piles must be 3 feet below sprinkler deflectors/discharge or nearest obstruction (see § 5704.3.5.2–.3).
Maximum storage heights in control areas depend on liquid class and sprinklering; see Table 5704.3.6.3(1) for specific heights (Class IB/IC up to 8 ft in sprinklered areas without in‑rack protection, 12 ft with in‑rack protection; Class II up to 8 ft sprinklered, etc.).

Quick decision table (key numeric thresholds and construction features)

Decision factor / action	Key value / dimension	Where to find it (code)
Individual vessel spill control trigger	> 55 gallons (208 L)	§ 5004.2.1
Aggregate vessel spill control trigger	> 1,000 gallons (3,785 L)	§ 5004.2.1 / 5004.2.2
Max total per storage cabinet	120 gallons (454 L)	§ 5704.3.2.2
Cabinet liquid‑tight bottom height	2 inches (51 mm)	§ 5704.3.2.1.4
Safety cans allowed to increase control area limit	UL 30 listed safety cans	§ 5003.9.10
Minimum clearance from sprinkler deflectors	3 feet (914 mm)	§ 5704.3.5.3
Ventilation rate for warehouses (containers > 5 gal)	0.25 cfm/ft² (where required)	§ 5704.3.8.3
Storage height (example: Class IB)	4 ft (non‑sprinklered) / 8 ft (sprinklered) / 12 ft (in‑rack)	Table 5704.3.6.3(1)

Exceptions & special cases

Small maintenance/operation quantities: up to 10 gallons (38 L) of flammable/combustible liquids for maintenance may be stored in approved containers outside cabinets; amounts greater than 10 gal must go in cabinets (§ 5704.3.4.4).
Safety cans: the code distinguishes cans listed to UL 30 (can be used to increase control‑area amounts) from cans listed to UL 1313 (allowed where not used to increase control‑area amounts). § 5003.9.10.
Retail/wholesale sales and display have specialized storage/arrangement rules in Section 5704.3.6 and NFPA 30 references — consult those sections where public retail display is involved.
Basements: Class I liquids may be stored in basements up to control‑area limits where Chapter 9 fire protection is provided; Class II/IIIA permitted with automatic suppression per § 5704.3.5.1.
Where the maximum allowable quantity per control area is exceeded, rooftop/canopy storage and other special locations have additional rules (see § 5003.13 and related notes).

Note: I searched the provided CFC files for § 5003.10.10 and did not find a section numbered 5003.10.10 in the materials supplied. The handling and transport provisions are organized under § 5003.10 and include subsections (e.g., § 5003.10.1–§ 5003.10.3.6), but there is no 5003.10.10 available in the retrieved text. If you have a different edition or an amendment that includes 5003.10.10, please upload it and I will incorporate it.

Common mistakes

Assuming any “safety can” increases the control‑area limit — only UL 30 cans may be used for that purpose; UL 1313 cans do not allow increasing the limit per § 5003.9.10.
Forgetting spill control triggers: not providing liquid‑tight containment once a single vessel is > 55 gal or aggregate > 1,000 gal. These numeric triggers are often missed on upgrades or reconfigurations. § 5004.2.
Ignoring sprinkler deflector clearance and storage height tables: stacking containers up to the ceiling or under sprinkler deflectors violates § 5704.3.5.3 and Table 5704.3.6.3(1) requirements.
Using unlisted or improperly constructed cabinets: cabinets must meet the construction, labeling and bottom containment details (2‑inch sump) per § 5704.3.2.1.
Transporting large containers by hand through corridors/elevators without carts when § 5003.10.2 requires carts for containers > 5.28 gallons (20 L) transported in an elevator/corridor/stair enclosure.

Worked example — concrete scenario

Scenario: A small maintenance shop in a sprinklered building wants to store multiple cans of a Class II combustible solvent for equipment cleaning.

They plan to keep: ten 6‑gallon metal containers and two 55‑gallon drums (all closed containers). Totals: (10 × 6) = 60 gallons, plus 2 × 55 = 110 gallons → aggregate = 170 gallons.

Step 1 — Control area check:

Compare to the maximum allowable quantity per control area (see Tables 5003.1.1(1)). If the control area allowance for Class II in that occupancy is, say, 120 gallons, the planned 170 gallons exceeds the control‑area limit and triggers Chapter 50/57 storage rules. (You must consult the specific Table for the exact occupancy — this example assumes 120 gal for illustration.)

Step 2 — Spill control / secondary containment:

Because the aggregate 170 gal > 55 gal per single‑container trigger and > 1,000 gal is not met, check individual vessel rule: you have two 55‑gal drums (equal to 55), and multiple smaller containers. The code requires spill control when any individual vessel capacity is more than 55 gallons OR aggregate exceeds 1,000 gallons. In this example, no individual vessel > 55 gal, nor aggregate > 1000 gal, so the specific 55/1000 spill‑control trigger in § 5004.2.1 is not automatically triggered. However — because the aggregate exceeds the assumed control‑area limit, you still must store in a liquid storage room/warehouse or comply with Chapter 57 control‑area provisions.

Step 3 — Cabinets and safety cans:

If they want to avoid a storage room, they could store some liquids in approved liquid storage cabinets (max 120 gal per cabinet) § 5704.3.2.2. For example, placing the 60 gallons of small cans in a listed cabinet (≤120 gal) and the two 55‑gal drums elsewhere may change how control‑area totals are calculated (consult the occupancy table footnotes about increases for cabinets/listed safety cans). Remember: only UL 30 safety cans can be used to increase control‑area quantities if that approach is relied on.

Step 4 — Fire protection and arrangement:

Since the building is sprinklered, storage heights, rack protections and clearances follow Table 5704.3.6.3(1) and related tables. If storage remains in open piles/shelves, ensure piles are below sprinkler deflectors (3 ft clearance) and meet allowable storage heights by class and sprinklering.

Bottom line for this example: because the shop’s aggregate (170 gal) exceeds the assumed control area limit, the owner must either (a) reconfigure storage into listed cabinets and/or UL 30 safety cans and verify the allowed increases in the Tables/footnotes, or (b) provide a liquid storage room/warehouse meeting Chapter 57 and § 5004 (spill control, ventilation, sprinklering) requirements.

Commonly referenced related provisions (CFC)

Scope and application for flammable/combustible liquids — § 5701.1.
Spill control and secondary containment — § 5004.2.
Safety cans listing and use — § 5003.9.10.
Handling and transport (carts, elevators, corridors) — § 5003.10 (see § 5003.10.1–.3.6).
Liquid storage rooms and warehouses, ventilation and sprinklering — § 5704.3.7–3.8 and Table 5704.3.6.3(1).

Code references

Grounded in the retrieved California Fire Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

CFC § 5803.1.4.1 High relevance — show source text
Exception: Fuel gas systems connected to building service utilities in accordance with the International Fuel Gas Code .

5803.1.4.1 Static-producing equipment. Static-producing equipment located in flammable gas storage areas shall be grounded.

5803.1.4.2 Signs. “No Smoking” signs shall be posted at entrances to rooms and in areas containing flammable gases in accordance with Section 5003.7.1.

5803.1.5 Electrical. Electrical wiring and equipment shall be installed and maintained in accordance with Section 603 and the California Electrical Code.

5803.1.5.1 Bonding of electrically conductive materials and equipment. Exposed noncurrent-carrying metal parts, including metal gas piping systems, that are part of flammable gas supply systems located in a hazardous (electrically classified) location shall be bonded to a grounded conductor in accordance with the provisions of the California Electrical Code.

5803.1.5.2 Static-producing equipment. Static-producing equipment located in flammable gas storage or use areas shall be grounded.

5803.1.6 Liquefied flammable gases and flammable gases in solution. Containers of liquefied flammable gases and flammable gases in solution shall be positioned in the upright position or positioned so that the pressure relief valve is in direct contact with the vapor space of the container.

Exceptions:
1. Containers of flammable gases in solution with a capacity of 1.3 gallons (5 L) or less.
2. Containers of flammable liquefied gases, with a capacity not exceeding 1.3 gallons (5 L), designed to preclude the discharge of liquid from safety relief devices.
5803.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of flammable gases in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Section 5003.1 shall be in accordance with Chapter 50 and this chapter.

SECTION 5804—STORAGE

5804.1 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of flammable gases in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(1), shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5004, and this chapter.

5804.1.1 Explosion control. Buildings or portions thereof containing flammable gases shall be provided with explosion control in accordance with Section 911.

5804.2 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage of flammable gases in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(3) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5004, and this chapter.

SECTION 5805—USE

5805.1 General. The use of flammable gases in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(1) or 5003.1.1(3) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5005, and this chapter.

SECTION 5806—FLAMMABLE CRYOGENIC FLUIDS

5806.1 General. The storage and use of flammable cryogenic fluids shall be in accordance with Sections 5806.2 through 5806.4.8.3 and Chapter 55.
CFC § 5803.2 High relevance — show source text
5803.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of flammable gases in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Section 5003.1 shall be in accordance with Chapter 50 and this chapter.

SECTION 5804—STORAGE

5804.1 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of flammable gases in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(1), shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5004, and this chapter.

5804.1.1 Explosion control. Buildings or portions thereof containing flammable gases shall be provided with explosion control in accordance with Section 911.

5804.2 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage of flammable gases in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(3) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5004, and this chapter.

SECTION 5805—USE

5805.1 General. The use of flammable gases in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(1) or 5003.1.1(3) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5005, and this chapter.

SECTION 5806—FLAMMABLE CRYOGENIC FLUIDS

5806.1 General. The storage and use of flammable cryogenic fluids shall be in accordance with Sections 5806.2 through 5806.4.8.3 and Chapter 55.

5806.2 Limitations. Storage of flammable cryogenic fluids in stationary containers outside of buildings is prohibited within the limits established by law as set forth in the fire code adoption ordinance or other regulation adopted by the jurisdiction.

5806.3 Above-ground tanks for liquid hydrogen. Above-ground tanks for the storage of liquid hydrogen shall be in accordance with Sections 5806.3.1 through 5806.3.2.1.

5806.3.1 Construction of the inner vessel. The inner vessel of storage tanks in liquid hydrogen service shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Section VIII, Division 1, of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and shall be vacuum jacketed in accordance with Section 5806.3.2.

5806.3.2 Construction of the vacuum jacket (outer vessel). The vacuum jacket used as an outer vessel for storage tanks in liquid hydrogen service shall be of welded steel construction designed to withstand the maximum internal and external pressure to which it will be subjected under operating conditions to include conditions of emergency pressure relief of the annular space

58-4 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

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FLAMMABLE GASES AND FLAMMABLE CRYOGENIC FLUIDS

between the inner and outer vessel. The jacket shall be designed to withstand a minimum collapsing pressure differential of 30 psi (207 kPa).

5806.3.2.1 Vacuum-level monitoring. A connection shall be provided on the exterior of the vacuum jacket to allow measurement of the pressure within the annular space between the inner and outer vessel. The connection shall be fitted with a bellows-sealed or diaphragm-type valve equipped with a vacuum gauge tube that is shielded to protect against damage from impact.
CFC § 5003.13.4 High relevance — show source text
5003.13.4 Other requirements. In addition to the quantity limits of this section, rooftop storage and use shall comply with other applicable requirements of this code for outdoor storage. This section applies to the exceptions identified in Section 5003.13.2.

5003.13.5 Weather protection. Weather protection provided for sheltering rooftop storage or use shall comply with Section 414.6.1 of the California Building Code, except that there is no distance required to the building on which it is located.

SECTION 5004—STORAGE

5004.1 Scope. Storage of hazardous materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area as set forth in Section 5003.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5004. Storage of hazardous materials in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area as set forth in Section 5003.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 5001 and

2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 50-21

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS—GENERAL PROVISIONS
1. Retail and wholesale storage and display of nonflammable solid and nonflammable and noncombustible liquid hazardous materials in Group M occupancies and Group S storage shall be in accordance with Section 5003.11.
5004.2 Spill control and secondary containment for liquid and solid hazardous materials. Rooms, buildings or areas used for the storage of liquid or solid hazardous materials shall be provided with spill control and secondary containment in accordance with Sections 5004.2.1 through 5004.2.3.

Exception: Outdoor storage of containers on approved containment pallets in accordance with Section 5004.2.3.

5004.2.1 Spill control for hazardous material liquids. Rooms, buildings or areas used for the storage of hazardous material liquids in individual vessels having a capacity of more than 55 gallons (208 L), or in which the aggregate capacity of multiple vessels exceeds 1,000 gallons (3785 L), shall be provided with spill control to prevent the flow of liquids to adjoining areas. Floors in indoor locations and similar surfaces in outdoor locations shall be constructed to contain a spill from the largest single vessel by one of the following methods:
1. Liquid-tight sloped or recessed floors in indoor locations or similar areas in outdoor locations.
2. Liquid-tight floors in indoor locations or similar areas in outdoor locations provided with liquid-tight raised or recessed sills or dikes.
3. Sumps and collection systems.
4. Other approved engineered systems.
Except for surfacing, the floors, sills, dikes, sumps and collection systems shall be constructed of noncombustible material, and the liquid-tight seal shall be compatible with the material stored. Where liquid-tight sills or dikes are provided, they are not required at perimeter openings having an open-grate trench across the opening that connects to an approved collection system.
CFC § 5004.11 High relevance — show source text
5004.11 Clearance from combustibles. The area surrounding an outdoor storage area or tank shall be kept clear of combustible materials and vegetation for a minimum distance of 25 feet (7620 mm).

5004.12 Noncombustible floor. Except for surfacing, floors of storage areas shall be of noncombustible construction.

5004.13 Weather protection. Where overhead noncombustible construction is provided for sheltering outdoor hazardous material storage areas, such storage shall not be considered indoor storage where the area is constructed in accordance with the requirements for weather protection as required by the California Building Code .

Exception: Storage of explosive materials shall be considered as indoor storage.

5004.14 Outdoor storage location. Outdoor storage areas for hazardous materials shall be located as required by Section 5003.12 except where material-specific requirements, including requirements in referenced standards, are provided in other chapters of this code.

SECTION 5005—USE, DISPENSING AND HANDLING

5005.1 General. Use, dispensing and handling of hazardous materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area set forth in Section 5003.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5005. Use, dispensing and handling of hazardous materials in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area set forth in Section 5003.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 5001 and 5003.

5005.1.1 Separation of incompatible materials. Separation of incompatible materials shall be in accordance with Section 5003.9.8.

5005.1.2 Noncombustible floor. Except for surfacing, floors of areas where liquid or solid hazardous materials are dispensed or used in open systems shall be of noncombustible, liquid-tight construction.

5005.1.3 Spill control and secondary containment for hazardous material liquids. Where required by other provisions of Section 5005, spill control and secondary containment shall be provided for hazardous material liquids in accordance with Section 5004.2.

5005.1.4 Limit controls. Limit controls shall be provided in accordance with Sections 5005.1.4.1 through 5005.1.4.4.

5005.1.4.1 High-liquid-level control. Open tanks in which liquid hazardous materials are used shall be equipped with a liquid-level limit control or other means to prevent overfilling of the tank.

5005.1.4.2 Low-liquid-level control. Approved safeguards shall be provided to prevent a low-liquid level in a tank from creating a hazardous condition, including but not limited to, overheating of a tank or its contents.

5005.1.4.3 Temperature control. Temperature control shall be provided in accordance with Section 5004.8.1.

5005.1.4.4 Pressure control. Pressure control shall be provided in accordance with Section 5004.8.2.

5005.1.5 Standby or emergency power. Where mechanical ventilation, treatment systems, temperature control, manual alarm, detection or other electrically operated systems are required by this code, such systems shall be provided with emergency or standby power in accordance with Section 1203.

5005.1.5.1 Exempt applications. Standby power for mechanical ventilation, treatment systems and temperature control systems shall not be required where an approved fail-safe engineered system is installed.
CFC § 11.5 High relevance — show source text
5-foot
level of storage
3.
Locate in
longitudinal flue
space,
staggered
vertical
4.
Shields required
where multiple-
level|1.
Ordinary
temperature,
quick-response
sprinklers,
maximum 8 feet
3 inches
horizontal
spacing
2.
One line of
sprinklers at the
6-foot level and
the 11.5-foot
level of storage
3.
Locate in
longitudinal flue
space,
staggered
vertical
4.
Shields required
where multiple-
level| |TABLE 5704.3.6.3(8)—AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR
CLASS I LIQUID STORAGE IN METAL CONTAINERS OF 1-GALLON CAPACITY OR LESS WITH UNCARTONED
OR CASE-CUT SHELF DISPLAY UP TO 6.5 FEET, AND PALLETIZED STORAGE ABOVE IN A DOUBLE-ROW RACK ARRAYa|CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND|Maximum
spacing|Maximum
spacing|100 ft2/head|100 ft2/head| |TABLE 5704.3.6.3(8)—AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR
CLASS I LIQUID STORAGE IN METAL CONTAINERS OF 1-GALLON CAPACITY OR LESS WITH UNCARTONED
OR CASE-CUT SHELF DISPLAY UP TO 6.5 FEET, AND PALLETIZED STORAGE ABOVE IN A DOUBLE-ROW RACK ARRAYa|CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND|Area
(square feet)|Ordinary
temperature|Not
Applicable|Not
Applicable| |TABLE 5704.3.6.3(8)—AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR
CLASS I LIQUID STORAGE IN METAL CONTAINERS OF 1-GALLON CAPACITY OR LESS WITH UNCARTONED
OR CASE-CUT SHELF DISPLAY UP TO 6.5 FEET, AND PALLETIZED STORAGE ABOVE IN A DOUBLE-ROW RACK ARRAYa|CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND|Area
(square feet)|High
temperature|2,000b|2,000b| |TABLE 5704.3.6.3(8)—AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR
CLASS I LIQUID STORAGE IN METAL CONTAINERS OF 1-GALLON CAPACITY OR LESS WITH UNCARTONED
OR CASE-CUT SHELF DISPLAY UP TO 6.5 FEET, AND PALLETIZED STORAGE ABOVE IN A DOUBLE-ROW RACK ARRAYa|CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND|Density
(gpm/ft2)|Density
(gpm/ft2)|0.60|0.60| |**TABLE 5704.3.6.
CFC § 6404.1 High relevance — show source text
SECTION 6404—STORAGE

6404.1 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of pyrophoric materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(1) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5004 and this chapter.

The storage of silane gas, and gas mixtures with a silane concentration of 1.37 percent or more by volume, shall be in accordance with ANSI/CGA G-13.

6404.1.1 Liquid-tight floor. In addition to the requirements of Section 5004.12, floors of storage areas containing pyrophoric liquids shall be of liquid-tight construction.

6404.1.2 Pyrophoric solids and liquids. Storage of pyrophoric solids and liquids shall be limited to a maximum area of 100 square feet (9.3 m [2] ) per pile. Storage shall not exceed 5 feet (1524 mm) in height. Individual containers shall not be stacked.

Aisles between storage piles shall be not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) in width.

Individual tanks or containers shall not exceed 500 gallons (1893 L) in capacity.

6404.1.3 Pyrophoric gases. Storage of pyrophoric gases shall be in detached buildings where required by Section 5003.8.2.

6404.1.4 Separation from incompatible materials. In addition to the requirements of Section 5003.9.8, indoor storage of pyrophoric materials shall be isolated from incompatible hazardous materials by 1-hour fire barriers with openings protected in accordance with the California Building Code.

Exception: Storage in approved hazardous materials storage cabinets constructed in accordance with Section 5003.8.7.

6404.2 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage of pyrophoric materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(3) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5004, and this chapter.

The storage of silane gas, and gas mixtures with a silane concentration of 1.37 percent or more by volume, shall be in accordance with ANSI/CGA G-13.

2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 64-3

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PYROPHORIC MATERIALS

6404.2.1 Distance from storage to exposures. The separation of pyrophoric solids, liquids and gases from buildings, lot lines, public streets, public alleys, public ways or means of egress shall be in accordance with the following:
1. Solids and liquids. Two times the separation required by Chapter 57 for Class IB flammable liquids.
2. Gases. The location and maximum amount of pyrophoric gas per storage area shall be in accordance with Table 6404.2.1.
|TABLE 6404.2.
CFC § 5003.13.1 High relevance — show source text
5003.13.1 Occupancy classification. Quantities of hazardous materials stored, used or handled on top of roofs or canopies shall be classified as rooftop storage or use and shall not be used to determine the occupancy classification of the building.

5003.13.2 Maximum allowable quantity per rooftop or canopy. The storage, use and handling of hazardous materials on top of a roof or canopy shall not exceed the maximum allowable quantity set forth in Tables 5003.1.1(1) and 5003.1.1(2). LP-gas storage and use shall be in accordance with Chapter 61.

Exceptions:
1. Pollution control, exhaust treatment and dust collection equipment.
2. Combustible liquids complying with Chapter 57 and NFPA 30.
3. Hydrogen storage at motor fuel-dispensing facilities in accordance with Chapter 23.
4. Hazardous materials in closed piping systems complying with this code.
5. Hazardous materials on top of a normally unoccupied exterior equipment platform necessary for operation of mechanical systems or industrial process equipment.
6. Hazardous materials necessary for rooftop swimming pool or hot tub treatment systems, limited to a maximum container size of 50 gallons (189 L) or 500 pounds (227 kg) of toxic or corrosive materials, and 200 pounds (91 kg) or 20 gallons (76 L) of oxidizers.
7. Other situations where rooftop storage or use of hazardous materials is necessary for the operation of equipment serving the building and is approved.
5003.13.3 Story adjustment. In addition to the quantity limits in Section 5003.13.2, rooftop storage and use shall be limited to the percentage of maximum allowable quantity identified in Table 5003.8.3.2 based on the number of stories above grade of the building on which the roof is located.

5003.13.4 Other requirements. In addition to the quantity limits of this section, rooftop storage and use shall comply with other applicable requirements of this code for outdoor storage. This section applies to the exceptions identified in Section 5003.13.2.

5003.13.5 Weather protection. Weather protection provided for sheltering rooftop storage or use shall comply with Section 414.6.1 of the California Building Code, except that there is no distance required to the building on which it is located.

SECTION 5004—STORAGE

5004.1 Scope. Storage of hazardous materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area as set forth in Section 5003.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5004. Storage of hazardous materials in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area as set forth in Section 5003.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 5001 and

2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 50-21

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS—GENERAL PROVISIONS
1. Retail and wholesale storage and display of nonflammable solid and nonflammable and noncombustible liquid hazardous materials in Group M occupancies and Group S storage shall be in accordance with Section 5003.11.
5004.2 Spill control and secondary containment for liquid and solid hazardous materials. Rooms, buildings or areas used for the storage of liquid or solid hazardous materials shall be provided with spill control and secondary containment in accordance with Sections 5004.2.1 through 5004.2.3.
CFC § 6603.1.2.2 Medium relevance — show source text
1. The hazardous material storage cabinets shall not contain other storage.
6603.1.2.2 Group R occupancies. Class 3 and 4 unstable (reactive) materials shall not be stored or used within Group R occupancies.

6603.1.2.3 Group M occupancies. Class 4 unstable (reactive) materials shall not be stored or used in retail sales portions of Group M occupancies.

6603.1.2.4 Offices. Class 3 and 4 unstable (reactive) materials shall not be stored or used in offices of Group B, F, M or S occupancies.

6603.1.2.5 Classrooms. In classrooms in Group B, F or M occupancies, any amount of Class 3 and 4 unstable (reactive) materials shall be stored in accordance with the following:
1. Class 3 and 4 unstable (reactive) materials shall be stored in hazardous material storage cabinets complying with Section 5003.8.7.
2. The hazardous material storage cabinets shall not contain other storage.
6603.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of unstable (reactive) materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Section 5003.1 shall be in accordance with Chapter 50 and this chapter.

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UNSTABLE (REACTIVE) MATERIALS

SECTION 6604—STORAGE

6604.1 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of unstable (reactive) materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(1) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003, 5004 and this chapter.

In addition, Class 3 and 4 unstable (reactive) detonable materials shall be stored in accordance with the California Building Code requirements for explosives.

6604.1.1 Detached storage. Storage of unstable (reactive) materials shall be in detached buildings where required in Section 5003.8.2.

6604.1.2 Explosion control. Indoor storage rooms, areas and buildings containing Class 3 or 4 unstable (reactive) materials shall be provided with explosion control in accordance with Section 911.

6604.1.3 Liquid-tight floor. In addition to Section 5004.12, floors of storage areas for liquids and solids shall be of liquid-tight construction.

6604.1.4 Storage configuration. Unstable (reactive) materials stored in quantities greater than 500 cubic feet (14 m [3] ) shall be separated into piles, each not larger than 500 cubic feet (14 m [3] ). Aisle width shall be not less than the height of the piles or 4 feet (1219 mm), whichever is greater.

Exception: Materials stored in tanks.

6604.1.5 Location in building. Unstable (reactive) materials shall not be stored in basements.

6604.2 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage of unstable (reactive) materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantities per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(3) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003, 5004 and this chapter.
CFC § 5704.3.4.3 Medium relevance — show source text
5704.3.4.3 Quantities exceeding limits for control areas. Quantities exceeding those allowed in control areas set forth in Section 5704.3.4.1 shall be in liquid storage rooms or liquid storage warehouses in accordance with Sections 5704.3.7 and 5704.3.8.

5704.3.4.4 Liquids for maintenance and operation of equipment. In all occupancies, quantities of flammable and combustible liquids in excess of 10 gallons (38 L) used for maintenance purposes and the operation of equipment shall be stored in liquid storage cabinets in accordance with Section 5704.3.2. Quantities not exceeding 10 gallons (38 L) are allowed to be stored outside of a cabinet where in approved containers located in private garages or other approved locations.

5704.3.5 Storage in control areas. Storage of flammable and combustible liquids in control areas shall be in accordance with Sections 5704.3.5.1 through 5704.3.5.4.

5704.3.5.1 Basement storage. Class I liquids shall be allowed to be stored in basements in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area for use-open systems in Table 5003.1.1(1), provided that fire protection systems are provided in accordance with Chapter 9. Class II and IIIA liquids shall be allowed to be stored in basements, provided that automatic suppression and other fire protection are provided in accordance with Chapter 9.

5704.3.5.2 Storage pile heights. Containers having less than a 30-gallon (114 L) capacity that contain Class I or II liquids shall not be stacked more than 3 feet (914.4 mm) or two containers high, whichever is greater, unless stacked on fixed shelving or otherwise satisfactorily secured. Containers of Class I or II liquids having a capacity of 30 gallons (114 L) or more shall not be stored more than one container high. Containers shall be stored in an upright position.

5704.3.5.3 Storage distance from ceilings and roofs. Piles of containers or portable tanks shall not be stored closer than 3 feet (914 mm) to the nearest beam, chord, girder or other obstruction, and shall be 3 feet (914 mm) below sprinkler deflectors or discharge orifices of water spray or other overhead fire protection system.

5704.3.5.4 Combustible materials. In areas that are not open to the public, Class I, II and IIIA liquids shall not be stored in the same pile or rack section as ordinary combustible commodities unless such materials are packaged together as kits.

5704.3.6 Wholesale and retail sales uses. Flammable and combustible liquids in Group M occupancy wholesale and retail sales uses shall be in accordance with Sections 5704.3.6.1 through 5704.3.6.5, or Sections 10.10.2, 12.3.6, 16.4.1 through 16.4.3, 16.5.1 through 16.5.2.12, Figures 16.4.1(a) through 16.4.1(c) and Tables 16.5.2.1 through 16.5.2.12, of NFPA 30.

5704.3.6.1 Container type. Containers for Class I liquids shall be metal.
CFC § 5703.2.1 Medium relevance — show source text
5703.2.1 Portable fire extinguishers and hose lines. Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided in accordance with Section 906. Hose lines shall be provided in accordance with Section 905.

5703.3 Site assessment. In the event of a spill, leak or discharge from a tank system, a site assessment shall be completed by the owner or operator of such tank system if the fire code official determines that a potential fire or explosion hazard exists. Such site assessments shall be conducted to ascertain potential fire hazards and shall be completed and submitted to the fire department within a time period established by the fire code official, not to exceed 60 days.

5703.4 Spill control and secondary containment. Where the maximum allowable quantity per control area is exceeded, and where required by Section 5004.2, rooms, buildings or areas used for storage, dispensing, use, mixing or handling of Class I, II and IIIA liquids shall be provided with spill control and secondary containment in accordance with Section 5004.2.

5703.4.1 Spill control and secondary containment for tanks in underground areas. Tanks in underground areas and associated piping systems shall be provided with spill control and secondary containment that are designed and constructed as outlined in Section 5004.2, except as modified by Section 5703.6.2.2.

5703.5 Labeling and signage. The fire code official is authorized to require warning signs for the purpose of identifying the hazards of storing or using flammable liquids. Signage for identification and warning such as for the inherent hazard of flammable liquids or smoking shall be provided in accordance with this chapter and Sections 5003.5 and 5003.6.

5703.5.1 Style. Warning signs shall be of a durable material. Signs warning of the hazard of flammable liquids shall have white lettering on a red background and shall read: “DANGER—FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS.” Letters shall be not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in height and [1] / 2 inch (12.7 mm) in stroke.

5703.5.2 Location. Signs shall be posted in locations as required by the fire code official. Piping containing flammable liquids shall be identified in accordance with ASME A13.1.

5703.5.3 Warning labels. Individual containers, packages and cartons shall be identified, marked, labeled and placarded in accordance with federal regulations and applicable state laws.

5703.5.4 Identification. Color coding or other approved identification means shall be provided on each loading and unloading riser for flammable or combustible liquids to identify the contents of the tank served by the riser.

5703.6 Piping systems. Piping systems, and their component parts, for flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Sections 5703.6.1 through 5703.6.11.

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FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS

5703.6.1 Nonapplicability. The provisions of Section 5703.6 shall not apply to gas or oil well installations; piping that is integral to stationary or portable engines, including aircraft, watercraft and motor vehicles; and piping in connection with boilers and pressure vessels regulated by the California Mechanical Code .
CFC § 25.4 Medium relevance — show source text
The release of Class I liquids can generate vapors to the extent that the entire building, and possibly a zone surrounding it, are considered a Class I, Division 2, location.|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.
a. Locations as classified in_the California Electrical Code._
b. When classifying extent of area, consideration shall be given to the fact that tank cars or tank vehicles can be spotted at varying points. Therefore, the extremities of the load-
ing or unloading positions shall be used.
c. The release of Class I liquids can generate vapors to the extent that the entire building, and possibly a zone surrounding it, are considered a Class I, Division 2, location.|

5703.1.2 Classified locations for combustible liquids. Areas where Class II or III liquids are heated above their flash points shall have electrical installations in accordance with Section 5703.1.1.

Exception: Solvent distillation units in accordance with Section 5705.4.

5703.1.3 Other applications. The fire code official is authorized to determine the extent of the Class I electrical equipment and wiring location where a condition is not specifically covered by these requirements or the California Electrical Code.

5703.2 Fire protection. Fire protection for the storage, use, dispensing, mixing, handling and on-site transportation of flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with this chapter and applicable sections of Chapter 9.

5703.2.1 Portable fire extinguishers and hose lines. Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided in accordance with Section 906. Hose lines shall be provided in accordance with Section 905.

5703.3 Site assessment. In the event of a spill, leak or discharge from a tank system, a site assessment shall be completed by the owner or operator of such tank system if the fire code official determines that a potential fire or explosion hazard exists. Such site assessments shall be conducted to ascertain potential fire hazards and shall be completed and submitted to the fire department within a time period established by the fire code official, not to exceed 60 days.

5703.4 Spill control and secondary containment. Where the maximum allowable quantity per control area is exceeded, and where required by Section 5004.2, rooms, buildings or areas used for storage, dispensing, use, mixing or handling of Class I, II and IIIA liquids shall be provided with spill control and secondary containment in accordance with Section 5004.2.

5703.4.1 Spill control and secondary containment for tanks in underground areas. Tanks in underground areas and associated piping systems shall be provided with spill control and secondary containment that are designed and constructed as outlined in Section 5004.2, except as modified by Section 5703.6.2.2.

5703.5 Labeling and signage. The fire code official is authorized to require warning signs for the purpose of identifying the hazards of storing or using flammable liquids. Signage for identification and warning such as for the inherent hazard of flammable liquids or smoking shall be provided in accordance with this chapter and Sections 5003.5 and 5003.6.
CFC § 5003.1.1 Medium relevance — show source text
1. Group E occupancies: Quantities in Group E occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for demonstration, treatment, laboratory work, maintenance purposes and operation of equipment, and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 5003.1.1(1).
2. Group F occupancies: Quantities in dining, office, and school uses within Group F occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for demonstration, laboratory work, maintenance purposes and operation of equipment, and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 5003.1.1(1).
3. Group I occupancies: Quantities in Group I occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for demonstration, laboratory work, maintenance purposes and operation of equipment, and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 5003.1.1(1).
4. Group M occupancies: Quantities in dining, office, and school uses within Group M occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for demonstration, laboratory work, maintenance purposes and operation of equipment, and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 5003.1.1(1). The maximum allowable quantities for storage in wholesale and retail sales areas shall be in accordance with Section 5704.3.4.1.
5. Group R occupancies: Quantities in Group R occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for maintenance purposes and operation of equipment, and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 5003.1.1(1).
6. Group S occupancies: Quantities in dining and office uses within Group S occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for demonstration, laboratory work, maintenance purposes and operation of equipment, and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 5003.1.1(1).
5704.3.4.3 Quantities exceeding limits for control areas. Quantities exceeding those allowed in control areas set forth in Section 5704.3.4.1 shall be in liquid storage rooms or liquid storage warehouses in accordance with Sections 5704.3.7 and 5704.3.8.

5704.3.4.4 Liquids for maintenance and operation of equipment. In all occupancies, quantities of flammable and combustible liquids in excess of 10 gallons (38 L) used for maintenance purposes and the operation of equipment shall be stored in liquid storage cabinets in accordance with Section 5704.3.2. Quantities not exceeding 10 gallons (38 L) are allowed to be stored outside of a cabinet where in approved containers located in private garages or other approved locations.

5704.3.5 Storage in control areas. Storage of flammable and combustible liquids in control areas shall be in accordance with Sections 5704.3.5.1 through 5704.3.5.4.

5704.3.5.1 Basement storage. Class I liquids shall be allowed to be stored in basements in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area for use-open systems in Table 5003.1.1(1), provided that fire protection systems are provided in accordance with Chapter 9. Class II and IIIA liquids shall be allowed to be stored in basements, provided that automatic suppression and other fire protection are provided in accordance with Chapter 9.
CFC § 414.2.5.2. High relevance — show source text
For flammable and combustible liquid storage in Group M occupancy wholesale and retail sales uses, see Section 414.2.5.2.
o. Where manufactured, generated or used in such a manner that the concentration and conditions create a fire or explosion hazard based on information prepared in accor-
dance with Section 414.1.3.
p._ High Burning Velocity_(High BV) Category 1B flammable gas has a burning velocity greater than 3.9 inches per second (10 cm/s).Low Burning Velocity (Low BV) Category 1B
flammable gas has a burning velocity of 3.9 inches per second (10 cm/s) or less.|For SI: 1 cubic foot = 0.028 m3, 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 gallon = 3.785 L.
NL = Not Limited; NA = Not Applicable; UD = Unclassified Detonable.
a. For use of control areas, see Section 414.2.
b. The aggregate quantity in use and storage shall not exceed the maximum allowable quantity for storage, including applicable increases.
c._ Reserved.
d.** [SFM]** In other than Group L occupancies,maximum allowable quantities shall be increased 100 percent in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system
in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. Where Note e also applies, the increase for both notes shall be applied accumulatively.
e. Maximum allowable quantities shall be increased 100 percent when stored in approved storage cabinets, day boxes, gas cabinets, gas rooms or exhausted enclosures or in
listed safety cans in accordance with Section 5003.9.10 of the_California Fire Code. Where Note d also applies, the increase for both notes shall be applied accumulatively.
f. Quantities shall not be limited in a building equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
g. Allowed only in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
h. Containing not more than the maximum allowable quantity per control area of Class IA, IB or IC flammable liquids.
i. Quantities in parentheses indicate quantity units in parentheses at the head of each column.
j. A maximum quantity of 220 pounds of solid or 22 gallons of liquid Class 3 oxidizers is allowed when such materials are necessary for maintenance purposes, operation or sani-
tation of equipment when the storage containers and the manner of storage are approved.
k. Net weight of the pyrotechnic composition of the fireworks. Where the net weight of the pyrotechnic composition of the fireworks is not known, 25 percent of the gross weight
of the fireworks, including packaging, shall be used.
l. For gallons of liquids, divide the amount in pounds by 10 in accordance with Section 5003.1.2 of the_California Fire Code_.
m.For oxidizers, unstable (reactive) materials, and water-reactive materials stored or displayed in Group M occupancies or stored in Group S occupancies, see Section 414.2.5.1.
n. For flammable and combustible liquid storage in Group M occupancy wholesale and retail sales uses, see Section 414.2.5.2.
o.
CFC § 5902.1 High relevance — show source text
SECTION 5902—DEFINITIONS

5902.1 Definitions. The following terms are defined in Chapter 2:

FLAMMABLE SOLID.

MAGNESIUM.

SECTION 5903—GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

5903.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of flammable solids in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area as indicated in Section 5003.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5901.

5903.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of flammable solids exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area as indicated in Section 5003.1 shall be in accordance with Chapter 50 and this chapter.

SECTION 5904—STORAGE

5904.1 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of flammable solids in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(1) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003, 5004 and this chapter. 5904.1.1 Pile size limits and location. Flammable solids stored in quantities greater than 1,000 cubic feet (28 m [3] ) shall be separated into piles each not larger than 1,000 cubic feet (28 m [3] ).

5904.1.2 Aisles. Aisle widths between piles shall be not less than the height of the piles or 4 feet (1219 mm), whichever is greater.

5904.1.3 Basement storage. Flammable solids shall not be stored in basements .

5904.2 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage of flammable solids in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantities per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(1) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003, 5004 and this chapter. Outdoor storage of magnesium shall be in accordance with Section 5906.

5904.2.1 Distance from storage to exposures. Outdoor storage of flammable solids shall not be located within 20 feet (6096 mm) of a building, lot line, public street, public alley, public way or means of egress. A 2-hour fire barrier without openings or penetrations and extending 30 inches (762 mm) above and to the sides of the storage area is allowed in lieu of such distance. The wall shall either be an independent structure, or the exterior wall of the building adjacent to the storage area.

5904.2.2 Pile size limits. Outdoor storage of flammable solids shall be separated into piles not larger than 5,000 cubic feet (141 m [3] ) each. Piles shall be separated by aisles with a minimum width of not less than one-half the pile height or 10 feet (3048 mm), whichever is greater.

SECTION 5905—USE

5905.1 General. The use of flammable solids in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(1) or Table 5003.1.1(3) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003, 5005 and this chapter. The use of magnesium shall be in accordance with Section 5906.

SECTION 5906—MAGNESIUM
CFC § 1.4 High relevance — show source text
Where explosion control is required in Section 1207 of the_California Fire Code_.
j. Does not apply to consumer fireworks, Division 1.4G.
k. Not required for Category 1B Flammable Gases having a burning velocity not exceeding 3.9 inches per second (10 cm/s).|a. See Section 414.1.3.
b. See the_California Fire Code_.
c. Combustible dusts where manufactured, generated or used in such a manner that the concentration and conditions create a fire or explosion hazard based on information
prepared in accordance with Section 104.2.2 of the_California Fire Code_. See definition of "Combustible dust" in Chapter 2.
d. Storage or use.
e. In open use or dispensing.
f. Rooms containing dispensing and use of hazardous materials where an explosive environment can occur because of the characteristics or nature of the hazardous materials
or as a result of the dispensing or use process.
g. A method of explosion control shall be provided where Class 2 water-reactive materials can form potentially explosive mixtures.
h. Explosion venting is not required for Group H-5 fabrication areas complying with Section 415.11.1 and the_California Fire Code_.
i. Where explosion control is required in Section 1207 of the_California Fire Code_.
j. Does not apply to consumer fireworks, Division 1.4G.
k. Not required for Category 1B Flammable Gases having a burning velocity not exceeding 3.9 inches per second (10 cm/s).|

[F] 414.5.2 Emergency or standby power. Where required by the California Fire Code or this code, mechanical ventilation, treatment systems, temperature control, alarm, detection or other electrically operated systems shall be provided with emergency or standby power in accordance with Section 2702. For storage and use areas for highly toxic or toxic materials, see Sections 6004.2.2.8 and 6004.3.4.2 of the California Fire Code .

[F] 414.5.2.1 Exempt applications. Emergency or standby power is not required for the mechanical ventilation systems provided for any of the following:
1. Storage of Class IB and IC flammable and combustible liquids in closed containers not exceeding 6.5 gallons (25 L) capacity.
2. Storage of Class 1 and 2 oxidizers.
3. Storage of Class II, III, IV and V organic peroxides.
4. Storage of asphyxiant, irritant and radioactive gases.
[F] 414.5.2.2 Fail-safe engineered systems. Standby power for mechanical ventilation, treatment systems and temperature control systems shall not be required where an approved fail-safe engineered system is installed.

[F] 414.5.3 Spill control, drainage and containment. Rooms, buildings or areas occupied for the storage of solid and liquid hazardous materials shall be provided with a means to control spillage and to contain or drain off spillage and fire protection water discharged in the storage area where required in the California Fire Code . The methods of spill control shall be in accordance with the California Fire Code .

414.5.4 Hazardous material handling. The handling of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with California Fire Code Section 5003.
CFC § 5401.1 Medium relevance — show source text
contents.

SECTION 5401—GENERAL

5401.1 Scope. The storage and use of corrosive materials shall be in accordance with this chapter. Compressed gases shall also comply with Chapter 53.

Exceptions:
1. Display and storage in Group M and storage in Group S occupancies complying with Section 5003.11.
2. Stationary storage battery systems in accordance with Section 1207.
3. This chapter shall not apply to R-717 (ammonia) where used as a refrigerant in a refrigeration system (see Section 608).
5401.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.5.

SECTION 5402—DEFINITION

5402.1 Definition. The following term is defined in Chapter 2:

CORROSIVE.

SECTION 5403—GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

5403.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of corrosive materials in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Section 5003.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5401.

5403.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of corrosive materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Section 5003.1 shall be in accordance with this chapter and Chapter 50.

SECTION 5404—STORAGE

5404.1 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of corrosive materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(2), shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5004 and this chapter.

5404.1.1 Liquid-tight floor. In addition to the provisions of Section 5004.12, floors in storage areas for corrosive liquids shall be of liquid-tight construction.

5404.2 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage of corrosive materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5004 and this chapter.

5404.2.1 Above-ground outside storage tanks. When required by Section 5004.2.2, above-ground outside storage tanks exceeding an aggregate quantity of 1,000 gallons (3785 L) of corrosive liquids shall be provided with secondary containment in accordance with Section 5004.2.2.

5404.2.2 Distance from storage to exposures. Outdoor storage of corrosive materials shall not be within 20 feet (6096 mm) of buildings not associated with the manufacturing or distribution of such materials, lot lines, public streets, public alleys, public ways or means of egress. A 2-hour fire barrier without openings or penetrations, and extending not less than 30 inches (762 mm) above and to the sides of the storage area, is allowed in lieu of such distance. The wall shall either be an independent structure, or the exterior wall of the building adjacent to the storage area.

SECTION 5405—USE

5405.1 Indoor use. The indoor use of corrosive materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(2) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5005 and this chapter.
CFC § 5704.3.8 Medium relevance — show source text
5704.3.8 Liquid storage warehouses. Buildings used for storage of flammable or combustible liquids in quantities exceeding those set forth in Section 5704.3.4 for control areas and Section 5704.3.7 for liquid storage rooms shall comply with Sections 5704.3.8.1 through 5704.3.8.5 and shall be constructed and separated as required by the California Building Code .

5704.3.8.1 Quantities and storage arrangement. The total quantities of liquids in a liquid storage warehouse shall not be limited. The arrangement of storage shall be in accordance with Table 5704.3.6.3(2) or 5704.3.6.3(3).

5704.3.8.1.1 Mixed storage. Mixed storage shall be in accordance with Section 5704.3.7.2.1.

5704.3.8.1.2 Separation and aisles. Separation and aisles shall be in accordance with Section 5704.3.7.2.2.

5704.3.8.2 Spill control and secondary containment. Liquid storage warehouses shall be provided with spill control and secondary containment as set forth in Section 5004.2.

5704.3.8.3 Ventilation. Liquid storage warehouses storing containers greater than 5 gallons (19 L) in capacity shall be ventilated at a rate of not less than 0.25 cfm per square foot (0.00127 m [3] /s × m [2] ) of floor area over the storage area.

5704.3.8.4 Automatic sprinkler systems. Liquid storage warehouses shall be protected by automatic sprinkler systems installed in accordance with Chapter 9 and Tables 5704.3.6.3(4) through 5704.3.6.3(7) and Table 5704.3.7.5.1, or Sections 16.4.1 through 16.4.3, 16.5.1 through 16.5.3.12, and Figures 16.4.1(a) through 16.4.1(c) and Tables 16.5.3.1 through 16.5.3.12 of NFPA 30. In-rack sprinklers shall also comply with NFPA 13.

Automatic foam-water systems and automatic AFFF water sprinkler systems shall not be used except where approved.

Protection criteria developed from fire modeling or full-scale fire testing conducted at an approved testing laboratory are allowed in lieu of the protection as shown in Tables 5704.3.6.3(2) through 5704.3.6.3(7) and Table 5704.3.7.5.1 where approved. 5704.3.8.5 Warehouse hose lines. In liquid storage warehouses, either 1 [1] / 2 -inch (38 mm) lined or 1-inch (25 mm) hard rubber hose lines shall be provided in sufficient number to reach all liquid storage areas and shall be in accordance with Section 903 or 905.

5704.4 Outdoor storage of containers and portable tanks. Storage of flammable and combustible liquids in closed containers and portable tanks outside of buildings shall be in accordance with Section 5703 and Sections 5704.4.1 through 5704.4.8. Capacity limits for containers and portable tanks shall be in accordance with Section 5704.3.

5704.4.1 Plans. Storage shall be in accordance with approved plans.
CFC § 5404.1.1 Medium relevance — show source text
5404.1.1 Liquid-tight floor. In addition to the provisions of Section 5004.12, floors in storage areas for corrosive liquids shall be of liquid-tight construction.

5404.2 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage of corrosive materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5004 and this chapter.

5404.2.1 Above-ground outside storage tanks. When required by Section 5004.2.2, above-ground outside storage tanks exceeding an aggregate quantity of 1,000 gallons (3785 L) of corrosive liquids shall be provided with secondary containment in accordance with Section 5004.2.2.

5404.2.2 Distance from storage to exposures. Outdoor storage of corrosive materials shall not be within 20 feet (6096 mm) of buildings not associated with the manufacturing or distribution of such materials, lot lines, public streets, public alleys, public ways or means of egress. A 2-hour fire barrier without openings or penetrations, and extending not less than 30 inches (762 mm) above and to the sides of the storage area, is allowed in lieu of such distance. The wall shall either be an independent structure, or the exterior wall of the building adjacent to the storage area.

SECTION 5405—USE

5405.1 Indoor use. The indoor use of corrosive materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(2) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5005 and this chapter.

5405.1.1 Liquid transfer. Corrosive liquids shall be transferred in accordance with Section 5005.1.10.

5405.1.2 Ventilation. Where corrosive materials are dispensed or used, mechanical exhaust ventilation in accordance with Section 5005.2.1.1 shall be provided.

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CORROSIVE MATERIALS

5405.2 Outdoor use. The outdoor use of corrosive materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5005 and this chapter.

5405.2.1 Distance from use to exposures. Outdoor use of corrosive materials shall be located in accordance with Section 5404.2.2.

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CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE

CHAPTER 55 – CRYOGENIC FLUIDS

(Matrix Adoption Tables are nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user. See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)
CFC § 5904.2 Medium relevance — show source text
5904.2 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage of flammable solids in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantities per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(1) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003, 5004 and this chapter. Outdoor storage of magnesium shall be in accordance with Section 5906.

5904.2.1 Distance from storage to exposures. Outdoor storage of flammable solids shall not be located within 20 feet (6096 mm) of a building, lot line, public street, public alley, public way or means of egress. A 2-hour fire barrier without openings or penetrations and extending 30 inches (762 mm) above and to the sides of the storage area is allowed in lieu of such distance. The wall shall either be an independent structure, or the exterior wall of the building adjacent to the storage area.

5904.2.2 Pile size limits. Outdoor storage of flammable solids shall be separated into piles not larger than 5,000 cubic feet (141 m [3] ) each. Piles shall be separated by aisles with a minimum width of not less than one-half the pile height or 10 feet (3048 mm), whichever is greater.

SECTION 5905—USE

5905.1 General. The use of flammable solids in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(1) or Table 5003.1.1(3) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003, 5005 and this chapter. The use of magnesium shall be in accordance with Section 5906.

SECTION 5906—MAGNESIUM

5906.1 General. Storage, use, handling and processing of magnesium, including the pure metal and alloys of which the major part is magnesium, shall be in accordance with Chapter 50 and Sections 5906.2 through 5906.5.8.

5906.2 Storage of magnesium articles. The storage of magnesium shall comply with Sections 5906.2.1 through 5906.4.3.

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FLAMMABLE SOLIDS

5906.2.1 Storage of greater than 50 cubic feet. Magnesium storage in quantities greater than 50 cubic feet (1.4 m [3] ) shall be separated from storage of other materials that are either combustible or in combustible containers by aisles. Piles shall be separated by aisles with a minimum width of not less than the pile height. 5906.2.2 Storage of greater than 1,000 cubic feet. Magnesium storage in quantities greater than 1,000 cubic feet (28 m [3] ) shall be separated into piles not larger than 1,000 cubic feet (28 m [3] ) each. Piles shall be separated by aisles with a minimum width of not less than the pile height. Such storage shall not be located in nonsprinklered buildings of Type III, IV or V construction, as defined in the California Building Code .
CFC § 6703.1 Medium relevance — show source text
WATER-REACTIVE MATERIAL.

Class 3.

Class 2.

Class 1.

SECTION 6703—GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

6703.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of water-reactive solids and liquids in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Section 5003.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003, 6701 and 6703.

6703.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of water-reactive solids and liquids in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Section 5003.1 shall be in accordance with Chapter 50 and this chapter.

SECTION 6704—STORAGE

6704.1 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of water-reactive solids and liquids in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(1), shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003, 5004 and this chapter.

6704.1.1 Detached storage. Storage of water-reactive solids and liquids shall be in detached buildings where required by Section 5003.8.2.

6704.1.2 Liquid-tight floor. In addition to the provisions of Section 5004.12, floors in storage areas for water-reactive solids and liquids shall be of liquid-tight construction.

6704.1.3 Waterproof room. Rooms or areas used for the storage of water-reactive solids and liquids shall be constructed in a manner that resists the penetration of water through the use of waterproof materials. Piping carrying water for other than approved automatic sprinkler systems shall not be within such rooms or areas.

6704.1.4 Watertight containers. Where Class 3 water-reactive solids and liquids are stored in areas equipped with an automatic sprinkler system, the materials shall be stored in closed watertight containers. 6704.1.5 Storage configuration. Water-reactive solids and liquids stored in quantities greater than 500 cubic feet (14 m [3] ) shall be separated into piles, each not larger than 500 cubic feet (14 m [3] ). Aisle widths between piles shall be not less than the height of the pile or 4 feet (1219 mm), whichever is greater.

Exception: Water-reactive solids and liquids stored in tanks.

Class 2 water-reactive solids and liquids shall not be stored in basements unless such materials are stored in closed watertight containers or tanks.

Class 3 water-reactive solids and liquids shall not be stored in basements.

Class 2 or 3 water-reactive solids and liquids shall not be stored with flammable liquids.

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WATER-REACTIVE SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS

6704.1.6 Explosion control. Indoor storage rooms, areas and buildings containing Class 2 or 3 water-reactive solids and liquids shall be provided with explosion control in accordance with Section 911.

6704.2 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage of water-reactive solids and liquids in quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(3) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003, 5004 and this chapter.
CFC § 57-29 Medium relevance — show source text
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FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS

5704.4.2.3 Security. The storage area shall be protected against tampering or trespassers where necessary and shall be kept free from weeds, debris and other combustible materials not necessary to the storage.

5704.4.2.4 Storage adjacent to buildings. Not more than 1,100 gallons (4163 L) of liquids stored in closed containers and portable tanks is allowed adjacent to a building located on the same premises and under the same management, provided that one of the following requirements is met:
1. The building does not exceed one story in height. Such building shall be of fire-resistance-rated construction with noncombustible exterior surfaces or noncombustible construction and shall be used principally for the storage of liquids.
2. The exterior building wall adjacent to the storage area shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 hours, having no openings to above-grade areas within 10 feet (3048 mm) horizontally of such storage and no openings to below-grade areas within 50 feet (15 240 mm) horizontally of such storage.
The quantity of liquids stored adjacent to a building protected in accordance with Item 2 is allowed to exceed 1,100 gallons (4163 L), provided that the maximum quantity per pile does not exceed 1,100 gallons (4163 L) and each pile is separated by a 10-foot-minimum (3048 mm) clear space along the common wall.

Where the quantity stored exceeds 1,100 gallons (4163 L) adjacent to a building complying with Item 1, or the provisions of Item 1 cannot be met, a minimum distance in accordance with Table 5704.4.2, column 7 (“Minimum Distance to Lot Line of Property That Can Be Built On”) shall be maintained between buildings and the nearest container or portable tank.

5704.4.3 Spill control and secondary containment. Storage areas shall be provided with spill control and secondary containment in accordance with Section 5703.4.

Exception: Containers stored on approved containment pallets in accordance with Section 5004.2.3 and containers stored in cabinets and lockers with integral spill containment.

5704.4.4 Security. Storage areas shall be protected against tampering or trespassers by fencing or other approved control

measures.

5704.4.5 Protection from vehicles. Guard posts or other means shall be provided to protect exterior storage tanks from vehicular damage. Where guard posts are installed, the posts shall be installed in accordance with Section 312.

5704.4.6 Clearance from combustibles. The storage area shall be kept free from weeds, debris and combustible materials not necessary to the storage. The area surrounding an exterior storage area shall be kept clear of such materials for a minimum distance of 15 feet (4572 mm).

5704.4.7 Weather protection. Weather protection for outdoor storage shall be in accordance with Section 5004.13.

5704.4.8 Empty containers and tank storage. The storage of empty tanks and containers previously used for the storage of flammable or combustible liquids, unless free from explosive vapors, shall be stored as required for filled containers and tanks. Tanks and containers when emptied shall have the covers or plugs immediately replaced in openings.

SECTION 5705—DISPENSING, USE, MIXING AND HANDLING
CFC § 5003.8.5 Medium relevance — show source text
1. Storing liquid and solid materials in hazardous material storage cabinets.
2. Storing compressed gases in gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures in accordance with Sections 5003.8.5 and 5003.8.6.
Materials that are incompatible shall not be stored within the same cabinet or exhausted enclosure.

5003.9.9 Shelf storage. Shelving shall be of substantial construction, and shall be braced and anchored in accordance with the seismic design requirements of the California Building Code for the seismic design category in which the material is located. Shelving shall be treated, coated or constructed of materials that are compatible with the hazardous materials stored. Shelves shall be provided with a lip or guard where used for the storage of individual containers.

Shelf storage of hazardous materials shall be maintained in an orderly manner.

Exceptions:
1. Storage in hazardous material storage cabinets or laboratory furniture specifically designed for such use.
2. Storage of hazardous materials in amounts not requiring a permit in accordance with Section 5001.5.
5003.9.10 Safety cans. Safety cans shall be listed in accordance with UL 30 where used to increase the maximum allowable quantities per control area of flammable or combustible liquids in accordance with Table 5003.1.1(1). Safety cans listed in accordance with UL 1313 are allowed for flammable and combustible liquids where not used to increase the maximum allowable quantities per control area and for other hazardous material liquids in accordance with the listing.

5003.10 Handling and transportation. In addition to the requirements of Section 5003.2, the handling and transportation of hazardous materials in corridors or enclosures for stairways and ramps shall be in accordance with Sections 5003.10.1 through 5003.10.3.6.

5003.10.1 Valve protection. Hazardous material gas containers, cylinders and tanks in transit shall have their protective caps in place. Containers, cylinders and tanks of highly toxic or toxic compressed gases shall have their valve outlets capped or plugged with an approved closure device in accordance with Chapter 53.

5003.10.2 Carts and trucks required. Liquids in containers exceeding 5.28 gallons (20 L) in an elevator, a corridor or enclosure for a stairway or ramp shall be transported on a cart or truck. Containers of hazardous materials having a hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with NFPA 704 and transported within an elevator, corridors or interior exit stairways and ramps, shall be on a cart or truck. Where carts and trucks are required for transporting hazardous materials, they shall be in accordance with Section 5003.10.3. Exceptions 1 through 4 shall not apply where elevators are utilized.

Exceptions:
1. Two hazardous material liquid containers that are hand carried in acceptable safety carriers.
2. Not more than four drums not exceeding 55 gallons (208 L) each that are transported by suitable drum trucks.
3. Containers and cylinders of compressed gases that are transported by approved hand trucks, and containers and cylinders not exceeding 25 pounds (11 kg) that are hand carried.
4. Solid hazardous materials not exceeding 100 pounds (45 kg) that are transported by approved hand trucks, and a single container not exceeding 50 pounds (23 kg) that is hand carried.
5003.10.2.1 On the 11th story and above. On the 11th story and above of any occupancy, all vertical handling and transporta- tion of hazardous materials in the building shall be in approved carts.
CFC § 5003.9.3 Medium relevance — show source text
5003.9.3 Protection from vehicles. Guard posts or other approved means shall be provided to protect storage tanks and connected piping, valves and fittings; dispensing areas; and use areas subject to vehicular damage in accordance with Section 312.

5003.9.4 Electrical wiring and equipment. Electrical wiring and equipment shall be installed and maintained in accordance with the California Electrical Code.

5003.9.5 Static accumulation. Where processes or conditions exist where a flammable mixture could be ignited by static electricity, means shall be provided to prevent the accumulation of a static charge.

5003.9.6 Protection from light. Materials that are sensitive to light shall be stored in containers designed to protect them from such exposure.

5003.9.7 Shock padding. Materials that are shock sensitive shall be padded, suspended or otherwise protected against accidental dislodgement and dislodgement during seismic activity.

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HAZARDOUS MATERIALS—GENERAL PROVISIONS

5003.9.8 Separation of incompatible materials. Incompatible materials in storage and storage of materials that are incompatible with materials in use shall be separated where the stored materials are in containers having a capacity of more than 5 pounds (2 kg), 0.5 gallon (2 L) or any amount of compressed gases. Separation shall be accomplished by:
1. Segregating incompatible materials in storage by a distance of not less than 20 feet (6096 mm).
2. Isolating incompatible materials in storage by a noncombustible partition extending not less than 18 inches (457 mm) above and to the sides of the stored material.
3. Storing liquid and solid materials in hazardous material storage cabinets.
4. Storing compressed gases in gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures in accordance with Sections 5003.8.5 and 5003.8.6.
Materials that are incompatible shall not be stored within the same cabinet or exhausted enclosure.

5003.9.9 Shelf storage. Shelving shall be of substantial construction, and shall be braced and anchored in accordance with the seismic design requirements of the California Building Code for the seismic design category in which the material is located. Shelving shall be treated, coated or constructed of materials that are compatible with the hazardous materials stored. Shelves shall be provided with a lip or guard where used for the storage of individual containers.

Shelf storage of hazardous materials shall be maintained in an orderly manner.

Exceptions:
1. Storage in hazardous material storage cabinets or laboratory furniture specifically designed for such use.
2. Storage of hazardous materials in amounts not requiring a permit in accordance with Section 5001.5.
5003.9.10 Safety cans. Safety cans shall be listed in accordance with UL 30 where used to increase the maximum allowable quantities per control area of flammable or combustible liquids in accordance with Table 5003.1.1(1). Safety cans listed in accordance with UL 1313 are allowed for flammable and combustible liquids where not used to increase the maximum allowable quantities per control area and for other hazardous material liquids in accordance with the listing.

5003.10 Handling and transportation. In addition to the requirements of Section 5003.2, the handling and transportation of hazardous materials in corridors or enclosures for stairways and ramps shall be in accordance with Sections 5003.10.1 through 5003.10.3.6.
CFC § 5003.1.2 Medium relevance — show source text
Exempted materials and conditions listed in this table are required to comply with provisions of this code that are not based on exceeding maximum allowable quantities in
Section 5003.|

5003.1.2 Conversion. Where quantities are indicated in pounds and where the weight per gallon of the liquid is not provided to the fire code official, a conversion factor of 10 pounds per gallon (1.2 kg/L) shall be used.

5003.1.3 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage, use and handling of hazardous materials in quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 5003.1.1(1) through 5003.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001 and 5003.

5003.1.4 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of hazardous materials in quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 5003.1.1(1) through 5003.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with this chapter.

5003.2 Systems, equipment and processes. Systems, equipment and processes utilized for storage, dispensing, use or handling of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Sections 5003.2.1 through 5003.2.9.

5003.2.1 Design and construction of containers, cylinders and tanks. Containers, cylinders and tanks shall be designed and constructed in accordance with approved standards. Containers, cylinders, tanks and other means used for containment of hazardous materials shall be of an approved type. Pressure vessels not meeting DOTn requirements for transportation shall comply with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.

5003.2.2 Piping, tubing, valves and fittings. Piping, tubing, valves, and fittings conveying hazardous materials shall be designed and installed in accordance with ASME B31.1 or other approved standards, and shall be in accordance with Sections 5003.2.2.1 and 5003.2.2.2.

5003.2.2.1 Design and construction. Piping, tubing, valves, fittings and related components used for hazardous materials shall be in accordance with the following:
1. Piping, tubing, valves, fittings and related components shall be designed and fabricated from materials that are compatible with the material to be contained and shall be of adequate strength and durability to withstand the pressure, structural and seismic stress and exposure to which they are subject.
2. Piping and tubing shall be identified in accordance with ASME A13.1 to indicate the material conveyed.
3. Manual valves or automatic remotely activated fail-safe emergency shutoff valves shall be installed on supply piping and tubing and provided with ready access at the following locations: 3.1. The point of use. 3.2. The tank, cylinder or bulk source.
4. Manual emergency shutoff valves and controls for remotely activated emergency shutoff valves shall be clearly visible, provided with ready access and identified in an approved manner.
5. Backflow prevention or check valves shall be provided where the backflow of hazardous materials could create a hazardous condition or cause the unauthorized discharge of hazardous materials.
Exceptions:
1. Piping for inlet connections designed to prevent backflow.
2. Piping for pressure relief devices.
CFC § 2703.7.3 Medium relevance — show source text
2703.7.3 Hazardous production material (HPM) rooms, gas rooms and liquid storage rooms. Electrical wiring and equipment in HPM rooms, gas rooms and liquid storage rooms shall comply with the California Electrical Code.

2703.8 Corridors and enclosures for stairways and ramps. Hazardous materials shall not be used or stored in corridors or enclosures for stairways and ramps.

2703.9 Service corridors. Hazardous materials shall not be used in an open-system use condition in service corridors.

2703.10 Automatic sprinkler system. An approved automatic sprinkler system shall be provided in accordance with Sections 2703.10.1 through 2703.10.5 and Chapter 9.

2703.10.1 Workstations and tools. The design of the sprinkler system in the area shall take into consideration the spray pattern and the effect on the equipment.

2703.10.1.1 Combustible workstations. A sprinkler head shall be installed within each branch exhaust connection or individual plenums of workstations of combustible construction. The sprinkler head in the exhaust connection or plenum shall be

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SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES

located not more than 2 feet (610 mm) from the point of the duct connection or the connection to the plenum. Where necessary to prevent corrosion, the sprinkler head and connecting piping in the duct shall be coated with approved or listed corrosion-resistant materials. Access to the sprinkler head shall be provided for periodic inspection.

Exceptions:
1. Approved alternative automatic fire-extinguishing systems are allowed. Activation of such systems shall deactivate the related processing equipment.
2. Process equipment that operates at temperatures exceeding 932°F (500°C) and is provided with automatic shutdown capabilities for hazardous materials.
3. Exhaust ducts 10 inches (254 mm) or less in diameter from flammable gas storage cabinets that are part of a workstation.
4. Ducts listed or approved for use without internal automatic sprinkler protection.
2703.10.1.2 Combustible tools. Where the horizontal surface of a combustible tool is obstructed from ceiling sprinkler discharge, automatic sprinkler protection that covers the horizontal surface of the tool shall be provided.

Exceptions:
1. An automatic gaseous fire-extinguishing local surface application system shall be allowed as an alternative to sprinklers. Gaseous-extinguishing systems shall be actuated by infrared (IR) or ultraviolet/infrared (UV/IR) optical detectors.
2. Tools constructed of materials that are listed as Class 1 or Class 2 in accordance with UL 2360 or approved for use without internal fire-extinguishing system protection.
2703.10.2 Gas cabinets and exhausted enclosures. An approved automatic sprinkler system shall be provided in gas cabinets and exhausted enclosures containing HPM compressed gases.

Exception: Gas cabinets located in an HPM room other than those cabinets containing pyrophoric gases.

2703.10.3 Pass-throughs in existing exit access corridors. Pass-throughs in existing exit access corridors shall be protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system.

2703.10.4 Exhaust ducts for HPM. An approved automatic sprinkler system shall be provided in exhaust ducts conveying gases, vapors, fumes, mists or dusts generated from HPM in accordance with this section and the California Mechanical Code .

CFC § 63-5 Medium relevance — show source text

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OXIDIZERS, OXIDIZING GASES AND OXIDIZING CRYOGENIC FLUIDS

6304.1.6 Separation of Class 4 oxidizers from other materials. In addition to the requirements in Section 5003.9.8, Class 4 oxidizer liquids and solids shall be separated from other hazardous materials by not less than a 1-hour fire barrier or stored in hazardous materials storage cabinets.

6304.1.7 Contamination. Liquid and solid oxidizers shall not be stored on or against combustible surfaces. Liquid and solid oxidizers shall be stored in a manner to prevent contamination.

6304.1.8 Detached storage. Storage of liquid and solid oxidizers shall be in detached buildings where required by Section 5003.8.2.

6304.1.8.1 Separation distance. Detached storage buildings for Class 4 oxidizer liquids and solids shall be located not less than 50 feet (15 240 mm) from other hazardous materials storage.

6304.2 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage of oxidizing materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantities per control area set forth in Table 5003.1.1(3) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003, 5004 and this chapter. Oxidizing gases shall also comply with Chapter 53.

6304.2.1 Distance from storage to exposures for oxidizing gases. Outdoor storage areas for oxidizing gases shall be located in accordance with Table 6304.2.1.

TABLE 6304.2.1—OXIDIZER GASES—DISTANCE FROM STORAGE TO EXPOSURESa	Col2	Col3
QUANTITY OF GAS STORED (cubic feet at NTP)	DISTANCE TO A BUILDING NOT ASSOCIATED WITH THE MANUFACTURE OR DISTRIBUTION OF OXIDIZING GASES OR PUBLIC WAY OR LOT LINE THAT CAN BE BUILT ON (feet)	DISTANCE BETWEEN STORAGE AREAS (feet)
0–50,000	5	5
50,001–100,000	10	10
100,001 or greater	15	10
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 m3. a. The minimum required distances shall not apply where fire barriers without openings or penetrations having a minimum fire-resistance rating of 2 hours interrupt the line of sight between the storage and the exposure. The configuration of the fire barrier shall be designed to allow natural ventilation to prevent the accumulation of hazardous gas concentrations.	For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 m3. a. The minimum required distances shall not apply where fire barriers without openings or penetrations having a minimum fire-resistance rating of 2 hours interrupt the line of sight between the storage and the exposure. The configuration of the fire barrier shall be designed to allow natural ventilation to prevent the accumulation of hazardous gas concentrations.	For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 m3. a.

CFC § 5005.3.6 Medium relevance — show source text
5005.3.6 Spill control for hazardous material liquids in closed systems. Outdoor areas where hazardous material liquids are used in closed systems exceeding 55 gallons (208 L) shall be provided with spill control in accordance with Section 5004.2.1.

5005.3.7 Secondary containment for hazardous material liquids in closed systems. Where required by Table 5005.2.1.4, outdoor areas where hazardous material liquids are dispensed or used in closed systems shall be provided with secondary containment in accordance with Section 5004.2.2 where the capacity of an individual vessel or system or the capacity of multiple vessels or systems exceeds the following:
1. Individual vessel or system: greater than 55 gallons (208 L).
2. Multiple vessels or systems: greater than 1,000 gallons (3785 L).
5005.3.8 Clearance from combustibles. The area surrounding an outdoor dispensing or use area shall be kept clear of combustible materials and vegetation for a minimum distance of 30 feet (9144 mm).

5005.3.9 Weather protection. Where overhead noncombustible construction is provided for sheltering outdoor hazardous material use areas, such use shall not be considered indoor use where the area is constructed in accordance with the requirements for weather protection as required in the California Building Code .

Exception: Use of explosive materials shall be considered as indoor use.

5005.4 Handling. Handling of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Sections 5005.4.1 through 5005.4.4.

5005.4.1 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. Handling of hazardous materials in indoor and outdoor locations in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 5003.1.1(1) through 5003.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003, 5005.1 and 5005.4.

5005.4.2 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. Handling of hazardous materials in indoor locations in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 5003.1.1(1) and 5003.1.1(2) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5005.1. Handling of hazardous materials in outdoor locations in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 5003.1.1(3) and 5003.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001 and 5003.

5005.4.3 Outdoor location. Outdoor handling areas for hazardous materials shall be located as required by Section 5003.12 except where material-specific requirements, including requirements in referenced standards, are provided in other chapters of this code.

5005.4.4 Dispensing, use and handling. Where hazardous materials having a hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with NFPA 704 are transported through corridors, interior exit stairways or ramps or exit passageways, there shall be an emergency telephone system, a local manual alarm station or an approved alarm-initiating device at not more than 150-foot (45 720 mm) intervals and at each exit and exit access doorway throughout the transport route. The signal shall be relayed to an approved central, proprietary or remote station service or constantly attended on-site location and shall initiate a local audible alarm.

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CFC § 1.3 Medium relevance — show source text
foodstuffs or consumer products, and cosmetics containing
not more than 50 percent by volume of water-miscible liquids, with the remainder of
the solutions not being flammable, is not limited.
To qualify for this allowance, such materials shall be packaged in individual containers
not exceeding 1.3 gallons.| |Any|Agricultural materials|The quantity of agricultural materials stored or utilized for agricultural purposes on the
premises is not limited.| |Any|Energy storage|The quantity of hazardous materials in stationary storage battery systems is not
limited.| |Any|Energy storage|The quantity of hazardous materials in stationary fuel cell power systems is not limited.| |Any|Energy storage|The quantity of hazardous materials in capacitor energy storage systems is not limited.| |Any|Refrigeration systems|The quantity of refrigerants in refrigeration systems is not limited.| |For SI: 1 gallon = 3.785 L, °C = (°F – 32)/1.8.
a. Exempted materials and conditions listed in this table are required to comply with provisions of this code that are not based on exceeding maximum allowable quantities in
Section 5003.|For SI: 1 gallon = 3.785 L, °C = (°F – 32)/1.8.
a. Exempted materials and conditions listed in this table are required to comply with provisions of this code that are not based on exceeding maximum allowable quantities in
Section 5003.|For SI: 1 gallon = 3.785 L, °C = (°F – 32)/1.8.
a. Exempted materials and conditions listed in this table are required to comply with provisions of this code that are not based on exceeding maximum allowable quantities in
Section 5003.|

5003.1.2 Conversion. Where quantities are indicated in pounds and where the weight per gallon of the liquid is not provided to the fire code official, a conversion factor of 10 pounds per gallon (1.2 kg/L) shall be used.

5003.1.3 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage, use and handling of hazardous materials in quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 5003.1.1(1) through 5003.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001 and 5003.

5003.1.4 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of hazardous materials in quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 5003.1.1(1) through 5003.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with this chapter.

5003.2 Systems, equipment and processes. Systems, equipment and processes utilized for storage, dispensing, use or handling of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Sections 5003.2.1 through 5003.2.9.

5003.2.1 Design and construction of containers, cylinders and tanks. Containers, cylinders and tanks shall be designed and constructed in accordance with approved standards. Containers, cylinders, tanks and other means used for containment of hazardous materials shall be of an approved type. Pressure vessels not meeting DOTn requirements for transportation shall comply with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.
CFC § 1106.2.6. Medium relevance — show source text
(1) The space(s) containing the machinery is (are) separated from other occupancies by tight construction with tightfitting doors.

(2) Access is restricted to authorized personnel.

(3) Refrigerant detectors are installed with the sensing location and alarm level as required in refrigeration machinery rooms in accordance with Section 1106.2.6.

(4) Open flames and surfaces exceeding 800°F (427°C) shall not be permitted where a Group A2, B2, A3, or B3 refrigerant, is used.

(5) Electrical equipment that is in accordance with Class 1, Division 2, of NFPA 70 where the quantity of a Group A2, B2, A3, or B3 refrigerant in an independent circuit is capable of exceeding 25 percent of the lower flammability limit (LFL) upon release to the space based on the volume determined in accordance with Section 1104.2.1 through Section 1104.2.3.

(6) Refrigerant containing parts in systems exceeding 100 horsepower (74.6 kW) compressor drive power, except evaporators used for refrigeration or dehumidification, condensers used for heating, control and pressure-relief valves for either, low-probability pumps, and connecting piping, are located in a machinery room or outdoors.

[ASHRAE 15:7.2.2]

1104.5 Flammable Refrigerants. The total of Group A2, B2, A3, and B3 refrigerants, other than Group A2L and B2L refrigerants shall not exceed 1100 pounds (498.9 kg) without approval by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Institutional Occupancies shall comply with Section 1104.3. Machinery rooms required in accordance with Section 1106.0 based on flammability shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with Section 1106.2.1 through Section 1106.2.6 and Section 1106.11 for Group A2L and B2L refrigerants. 1104.6 Group A2L Refrigerants for Human Comfort. High-probability systems using Group A2L refrigerants for human comfort applications shall comply with this section.

[ASHRAE 15:7.6]

1104.6.1 Refrigerant Concentration Limits. Occupied spaces shall comply with the releasable charge limitations of the equipment listing and ASHRAE 15. Unoccupied spaces with refrigerant containing equipment, not including continuous piping or tubing, shall comply with the releasable charge limitations of the equipment listing or Section 1104.6.4. {ASHRAE 15:7.6.1-7.6.1.2}

1104.6.2 Listing and Installation Requirements. Refrigeration systems shall be listed and shall be installed in accordance with listing, the manufacturer’s instructions, and any markings on the equipment restricting the installation. [ASHRAE 15:7.6.2]

1104.6.2.1 Nameplate. The nameplate required by Section 1115.5 shall include a symbol indicating that a flammable refrigerant is used, as specified by the product listing. [ASHRAE 15:7.6.2.1]

1104.6.2.2 Labeling. A label indicating a flammable refrigerant is used shall be placed adjacent to service ports and other locations where service involving components containing refrigerant is performed, as specified by the product listing.
CFC § 5.3 Medium relevance — show source text
Maximum amount per cabinet: The maximum amount per cabinet shall be limited to 5.3 gallons (20 L) of liquids and 44 pounds (20 kg) of total liquids and solids. 2. Cabinet construction: Cabinets shall be constructed in accordance with the following: 2.1. Cabinets shall be constructed of not less than 0.097-inch (2.5 mm) (12 gage) steel. 2.2. Cabinets shall be permitted to have self-closing limited access ports or noncombustible windows that provide access to equipment controls. 2.3. Cabinets shall be provided with self- or manual-closing doors. Manual-closing doors shall be equipped with a door switch that will initiate local audible and visual alarms when the door is in the open position. 3. Cabinet exhaust ventilation system: An exhaust ventilation system shall be provided for cabinets and shall comply with the following: 3.1. The system shall be designed to operate at a negative pressure in relation to the surrounding area. 3.2. The system shall be equipped with monitoring equipment to ensure that required exhaust flow or static pressure is provided. 3.3. Low-flow or static pressure conditions shall send an alarm to the on-site emergency control station. The alarm shall be both visual and audible.
1. Cabinet spill containment: Spill containment shall be provided in each cabinet, with the spill containment capable of holding the contents of the aggregate amount of liquids in containers in each cabinet.
2. Valves: Valves in supply piping between the product containers in the cabinet and the workstation served by the containers shall fail in the closed position upon power failure, loss of exhaust ventilation and upon actuation of the fire control system.
3. Fire detection system: Each cabinet shall be equipped with an automatic fire detection system complying with the following conditions: 6.1. Automatic detection system: UV/IR, high-sensitivity smoke detection (HSSD) or other approved detection systems shall be provided inside each cabinet. 6.2. Automatic shutoff: Activation of the detection system shall automatically close the shutoff valves at the source on the liquid supply. 6.3. Alarms and signals: Activation of the detection system shall initiate a local alarm within the fabrication area and transmit a signal to the emergency control station. The alarms and signals shall be both visual and audible.
2705.3 Transportation and handling. The transportation and handling of hazardous materials shall comply with Sections 2705.3.1 through 2705.3.4.1 and other applicable provisions of this code.

2705.3.1 Corridors and enclosures for stairways and ramps. Corridors and enclosures for exit stairways and ramps in new buildings or serving new fabrication areas shall not contain HPM, except as permitted in corridors by Section 415.11.7.4 of the California Building Code and Section 2705.3.2 of this code.

2705.3.2 Transport in corridors and enclosures for stairways and ramps. Transport in corridors and enclosures for stairways and ramps shall be in accordance with Sections 2705.3.2.1 through 2705.3.3.

2705.3.2.1 Fabrication area alterations. Where existing fabrication areas are altered or modified in existing buildings, HPM is allowed to be transported in existing corridors where such corridors comply with Section 5003.10 of this code and Section 415.11.2 of the California Building Code .

2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 27-11

Frequently asked questions

Can any safety can be used to increase the control‑area limit?

No. Only safety cans listed to UL 30 may be used where the code allows increasing the maximum allowable quantity per control area; UL 1313 cans do not provide that increase. § 5003.9.10.

When is spill containment required indoors?

Spill control is required when an individual vessel has a capacity more than 55 gallons (208 L) or the aggregate capacity of multiple vessels exceeds 1,000 gallons (3,785 L) — see § 5004.2.1.

If my building is fully sprinklered, can I store more liquid?

Sprinklers allow higher storage heights and may permit certain quantity increases under the footnotes of the occupancy tables, but you must still comply with the Chapter 57 protection schemes (automatic sprinklers, in‑rack protection where required) and any required spill containment and ventilation. Check Table 5704.3.6.3(1) and related sprinkler tables.

Can I store flammable liquids in a basement?

Class I liquids are allowed in basements up to the maximum allowable quantity per control area provided fire protection per Chapter 9 is installed; Class II/IIIA require automatic suppression and other protections per § 5704.3.5.1.

I transport cans through a corridor to a storage room; do I need a cart?

Yes — liquids in containers exceeding 5.28 gallons (20 L) in an elevator, corridor or stair enclosure must be transported on an approved cart or truck per § 5003.10.2.

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California Fire Code