CFC · California Fire Code

Highly toxic / toxic materials and cryogenic fluids: indoor/outdoor limits and gas handling

If you store or use highly toxic or toxic materials or cryogenic fluids in California, the Fire Code limits how much you can keep inside a control area, where outdoor piles may be placed, and how compressed gases and cryogens must be handled (including low permit thresholds and strict gas‑cabinet ventilation and cylinder limits). See Chapters 60 and 55 and the permit tables for the exact thresholds.

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Last reviewed: July 6, 2026

What the code requires — 2-4 sentences

The California Fire Code requires that the storage and use of highly toxic and toxic solids, liquids and compressed gases follow Chapter 60 limits and control-area rules (see § 6003, § 6004) and that cryogenic fluids comply with Chapter 55 and NFPA 55 (see § 5501). Indoor quantities are limited to the maximum allowable quantity per control area (see Table 5003.1.1(2)); outdoor storage, separation and pile-size rules apply for solids and liquids. Specific handling and gas‑cabinet ventilation, cylinder-count and sprinkler requirements apply to compressed gases; permit thresholds for cryogens and compressed gases are given in Chapter 1 permit tables.

Most important: Indoor storage/use of highly toxic or toxic materials must not exceed the maximum allowable quantity per control area (see § 6003.1 and Table 5003.1.1(2)), and cryogenic fluids must meet the Chapter 55 requirements (see § 5501.1).

Requirements in detail

Scope and baseline rules

  • Chapter 60 controls toxic/highly toxic materials; compressed gases also comply with Chapter 53 and the compressed-gas rules in Chapter 60. See § 6001 and § 6004.
  • Cryogenic fluids are regulated in Chapter 55; Chapter 55 references NFPA 55 and requires cryogen containers, relief devices, piping and handling standards. See § 5501 and related sections.

Indoor storage and control-area limits (solids & liquids)

  • Indoor storage/use of highly toxic and toxic solids/liquids is permitted only up to the maximum allowable quantity per control area listed in Table 5003.1.1(2); amounts above that invoke Chapter 50 and additional Chapter 60 controls. See § 6003.1.
  • Indoor storage floors for toxic liquids must be liquid‑tight; highly toxic solids and liquids must be stored in approved cabinets or isolated by fire‑rated construction. See § 6003.1.4.1 and § 6003.1.4.2.

Outdoor storage and handling (solids & liquids)

  • Outdoor storage/use must meet general outdoor rules: not located within 20 feet of lot lines, public streets/alleys, exit discharges or exterior openings unless a 2‑hour fire barrier is provided (with the barrier extending at least 30 inches above and to the sides). See § 6003.2.3.1.
  • Outdoor storage pile limits: piles limited to 2,500 cubic feet maximum; aisle widths between piles must be at least one‑half the height of the pile or 10 feet, whichever is greater. See § 6003.2.4.
  • Weather protection attached to a building requires either an approved automatic sprinkler system throughout or fire‑resistive vessels. See § 6003.2.5.
  • Outdoor liquid transfer of toxic/highly toxic liquids must follow Section 5005.1.10. See § 6003.2.6.

Highly toxic / toxic compressed gases

  • General: storage and use of highly toxic and toxic compressed gases must comply with § 6004 and Chapter 53. See § 6004.1 and § 5301.1.
  • Occupancy prohibitions and small‑cylinder exceptions:
    • No storage or use of toxic/highly toxic compressed gases within Group A, E, I or U occupancies (exception: cylinders ≤ 20 cubic feet at NTP allowed only within gas cabinets or fume hoods). See § 6004.1.1.1.
    • No storage or use in Group R occupancies. See § 6004.1.1.2.
    • Offices, retail, classrooms in Group B/F/M/S: toxic/highly toxic compressed gases prohibited in those portions (same 20 cubic‑foot cabinet/fume hood exception for specified classrooms). See § 6004.1.1.3.
  • Gas cabinet requirements (selected and decision‑relevant):
    • Minimum average ventilation velocity at cabinet access face: 200 fpm; minimum at any point: 150 fpm.
    • Gas cabinets must be connected to an exhaust system but may not be used as the sole means of room exhaust.
    • Maximum of 3 cylinders in a single gas cabinet, except cabinets holding cylinders ≤ 1 lb net may contain up to 100 cylinders.
    • Gas cabinets required by § 6004.2 / 6004.3 must have an approved automatic sprinkler system per § 903.3.1.1 (no alternate fire‑extinguishing systems). See § 6004.1.2.

Permits and thresholds (compressed gases & cryogens)

  • Compressed‑gas permits: highly toxic and toxic compressed gases require a permit for any amount (Table 105.5.9). See § 105.5.9 and Table 105.5.9.
  • Cryogenic‑fluid permits: Table 105.5.11 sets permit thresholds by cryogen type:
    • Flammable cryogenic fluids: permit inside if >1 gallon, outside if >60 gallons.
    • Inert cryogenic fluids: permit inside if >60 gallons, outside if >500 gallons.
    • Oxidizing (including oxygen): permit inside if >10 gallons, outside if >50 gallons.
    • Other/unspecified hazards: any amount triggers permit requirements. See § 105.5.11 and Table 105.5.11.
  • Chapter 55 additional dispensing/ventilation and handling requirements (point‑of‑generation capture, limit controls for filling, carts/transport and closed/covered transport) apply when cryogens are dispensed/stored. See § 5505 and § 5501.1.

Decision‑relevant summary table

Decision item Key value / limit Code Reference
Indoor MAQ (solids & liquids) See maximum allowable quantity per control area in Table 5003.1.1(2) § 6003.1
Indoor floors for toxic liquids Liquid‑tight construction § 6003.1.4.1
Outdoor separation from lot lines/streets/openings 20 feet (or 2‑hr barrier) § 6003.2.3.1
Outdoor pile maximum 2,500 cubic feet per pile § 6003.2.4
Gas cabinet face velocity 200 fpm average, 150 fpm min § 6004.1.2 (ventilation)
Maximum cylinders in gas cabinet 3 cylinders (exception up to 100 for ≤1 lb cylinders) § 6004.1.2
Small cylinder exception for certain occupancies Cylinders ≤ 20 cubic feet allowed only in gas cabinets / fume hoods § 6004.1.1.1
Compressed‑gas permit threshold (highly toxic / toxic) Any amount triggers permit § 105.5.9 (Table 105.5.9)
Cryogenic permit thresholds (inside) Flammable >1 gal; Inert >60 gal; Oxidizing >10 gal § 105.5.11 (Table 105.5.11)
Ventilation for indoor cryogen dispensing Capture vapors at point of generation per Cal Mechanical Code § 5505.4.1.1 / § 5501.1

Exceptions & special cases

  • Small laboratory cylinders: Cylinders ≤ 20 cubic feet at NTP are allowed in gas cabinets or fume hoods in otherwise prohibited occupancies (see § 6004.1.1.1 and § 6004.1.1.3).
  • Cabinets holding tiny cylinders (≤ 1 lb net) may contain up to 100 cylinders; otherwise cabinets are limited to 3 cylinders. See § 6004.1.2.
  • Cryogenic fluids used strictly as refrigeration in equipment are excepted from Chapter 55 (see § 5501.1).
  • Where weather protection is attached to a building for outdoor storage/use, either an approved automatic sprinkler system throughout or fire‑resistive vessels are required (see § 6003.2.5).

If a specific numeric MAQ, control‑area value, or a table entry is needed, consult Table 5003.1.1(2) or the referenced permit tables — those numeric tables are the controlling limits in the code.

Common mistakes

  • Assuming any small cylinder is allowed anywhere — the code only permits ≤ 20 ft³ cylinders in gas cabinets or fume hoods for certain occupancies; general storage is still restricted. See § 6004.1.1.1.
  • Forgetting the permit requirement: highly toxic / toxic compressed gases trigger a permit for any amount, and cryogens have low permit thresholds for inside storage (e.g., oxidizing cryogens >10 gallons inside). See § 105.5.9 and § 105.5.11.
  • Using a gas cabinet as the room’s only exhaust — gas cabinets must be connected to exhaust but cannot be the sole means of room exhaust. See § 6004.1.2.
  • Overlooking outdoor separation or pile limits — outdoor storage must meet 20‑ft separation or equivalent 2‑hour barrier and pile sizes are limited (2,500 ft³). See § 6003.2.3.1 and § 6003.2.4.
  • Neglecting cryogen dispensing ventilation — indoor cryogen dispensing areas must capture vapors at the point of generation per the Mechanical Code and Chapter 55. See § 5505.4.1.1 and § 5501.1.

Worked example — concrete scenario applying the rule with numbers

Scenario: A biomedical lab (Group B) wants to store and use liquid oxygen (an oxidizing cryogenic fluid) in a stationary dewar inside the building and also keep several compressed cylinders of a highly toxic analytical gas.

  1. Cryogen (liquid oxygen) quantity inside building = 15 gallons.

    • Table 105.5.11 lists the inside permit threshold for oxidizing cryogenic fluids (including oxygen) as 10 gallons; therefore a permit is required for 15 gallons. See § 105.5.11.
    • Chapter 55 (e.g., dispensing ventilation and limit controls) applies: the dispensing area must provide point‑of‑generation capture ventilation per the California Mechanical Code and Chapter 55 requirements. See § 5505.4.1.1 and § 5501.1.

  2. Compressed highly toxic gas cylinders: the lab intends to keep 4 full‑size cylinders (standard lab cylinders >20 ft³).

    • Group B classrooms/offices are prohibited locations for toxic/highly toxic compressed gases except for cylinders ≤ 20 ft³ stored in gas cabinets/fume hoods per § 6004.1.1.3 and § 6004.1.1.1. Full‑size cylinders (>20 ft³) therefore may not be stored in the lab area unless other Chapter 60/50 provisions and approvals are met (and permits will be required — highly toxic = permit for any amount). See § 6004.1.1.3 and § 105.5.9.
    • If the lab instead uses gas cabinets: gas cabinets may contain a maximum of 3 cylinders (unless cylinders are ≤1 lb, then up to 100). The lab’s 4 full‑size cylinders would exceed the cabinet limit; either reduce to 3 cylinders, use multiple cabinets, or relocate storage per code. Gas cabinet ventilation must meet 200 fpm average face velocity and 150 fpm minimum at any point. Gas cabinets required by § 6004.2/3 must be sprinklered per § 903.3.1.1. See § 6004.1.2.

Result: Lab must obtain a permit for the 15 gal liquid oxygen, provide code‑required cryogen ventilation and controls, and revise compressed‑gas storage to comply with the 3‑cylinder gas cabinet limit or relocate cylinders to an approved storage area (and obtain the required compressed‑gas permit).

Related provisions (selected)

  • § 6001 — General scope for Chapter 60 (Highly toxic and toxic materials).
  • § 6003.1 — Indoor storage/use rules and MAQ reference to Table 5003.1.1(2).
  • § 6003.2 — Outdoor storage/use requirements (location, piles, weather protection, transfer).
  • § 6004 — Highly toxic and toxic compressed gas requirements including gas cabinet rules.
  • § 5501 — Chapter 55 general cryogenic fluid scope and relation to NFPA 55.
  • § 105.5.9 — Permit amounts for compressed gases (shows “Any Amount” for highly toxic / toxic).
  • § 105.5.11 — Permit amounts for cryogenic fluids (Table 105.5.11 thresholds).
  • § 903.3.1.1 — Automatic sprinkler systems referenced for gas cabinets (see § 6004.1.2).

Code references

Grounded in the retrieved California Fire Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

  • CFC § 5003.12 High relevance — show source text

    Outdoor control areas 5003.12 Performance-based design alternative 5001.3

    Permit 105.5.22, 105.6.13 Personnel training 407.4 Power systems 1203.2.10 Storage 5004 Use, dispensing and handling 5005 Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement 407.5, 5001.5.2, Appendix H Hazardous Materials Management Plan 407.6, 5001.5.1, Appendix H Hazardous Production Material (HPM)

    202

    Permit 105.5.23 Hazards to Firefighters 316 Health Hazard 202, 5001.2.2.2, Table 5003.1.1(2), Table 5003.1.1(4)

    Heat Vents (see Smoke and Heat Vents) Heaters, Patio (see Portable Outdoor Gas- Fired Heating Appliances) Heaters, Portable Electric Space 4102.1 Heaters, Portable Unvented 4103.1 Heating Appliances 605.5 Heating Equipment, Temporary, During Construction 3303 Heliport 202, 2007 Permit for rooftop heliport 105.5.48 Helistop 202, 2007 Hi-Boy 202 Construction 303.7 Higher Education Laboratories Existing sprinklered laboratories 3806 General safety provisions 3803 Laboratory suite construction 3804 Nonsprinklered laboratories 3805

    Highly Toxic and Toxic Materials 202, Chapter 60 Compressed gases 6004 Indoor storage and use 6003.1 Outdoor storage and use 6003.2 Solids and liquids 6003 High-Piled Combustible Storage 202, Chapter 32 Aisles 3206.9 Automated storage 3209 Automatic sprinklers 3206.4, 3209.2 Classifications, commodities 3203 Fire protection 3206, Table 3206.2 Housekeeping 3205 Pallets 3206.4.1 Plastic pallets 3206.4.1.1 High-Piled Storage Area 202 Designations 3204 Permit 105.5.24 High-Rise Building 202 Automatic sprinkler system 903.2.11.3, 914.3.1 Automatic sprinkler system, floor control valves required 903.3.9 Automatic sprinkler system, secondary water supply required 914.3.2 Emergency voice/alarm communications system 907.2.13, 914.3.5 Fire alarm system 907.2.13, 914.3.3 Fire alarm system zoning 907.6.4.2 Fire command center 508.1, 914.3.7 Fire department communications system 907.2.13.2 Fire safety and evacuation plans 403.10.2 In-building, two-way emergency responder communication 914.3.6 Smokeproof exit stairway enclosures 1023.12 Standby power system 1203.2.11 Standpipe system 905.3.1 High-Voltage Transmission Line 202 Storage under 315.5, 316.6 Historic Buildings 102.

  • CFC § 6003.2.5 High relevance — show source text

    6003.2.5 Weather protection for highly toxic liquids and solids—outdoor storage or use. Where overhead weather protection is provided for outdoor storage or use of highly toxic liquids or solids, and the weather protection is attached to a building, the storage or use area shall either be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, or storage or use vessels shall be fire resistive. Weather protection shall be provided in accordance with Section 5004.13 for storage and Section 5005.3.9 for use.

    6003.2.6 Outdoor liquid transfer. Highly toxic and toxic liquids shall be transferred in accordance with Section 5005.1.10.

    SECTION 6004—HIGHLY TOXIC AND TOXIC COMPRESSED GASES

    6004.1 General. The storage and use of highly toxic and toxic compressed gases shall comply with this section.

    6004.1.1 Special limitations for indoor storage and use by occupancy. The indoor storage and use of highly toxic and toxic compressed gases in certain occupancies shall be subject to the limitations contained in Sections 6004.1.1.1 through 6004.1.1.3.

    6004.1.1.1 Group A, E, I or U occupancies. Toxic and highly toxic compressed gases shall not be stored or used within Group A, E, I or U occupancies. Exception: Cylinders not exceeding 20 cubic feet (0.566 m [3] ) at normal temperature and pressure (NTP) are allowed within gas cabinets or fume hoods.

    6004.1.1.2 Group R occupancies. Toxic and highly toxic compressed gases shall not be stored or used in Group R occupancies.

    6004.1.1.3 Offices, retail sales and classrooms. Toxic and highly toxic compressed gases shall not be stored or used in offices, retail sales or classroom portions of Group B, F, M or S occupancies. Exception: In classrooms of Group B occupancies, cylinders with a capacity not exceeding 20 cubic feet (0.566 m [3] ) at NTP are allowed in gas cabinets or fume hoods.

    6004.1.2 Gas cabinets. Gas cabinets containing highly toxic or toxic compressed gases shall comply with Section 5003.8.6 and the following requirements:

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    HIGHLY TOXIC AND TOXIC MATERIALS

    1. The average ventilation velocity at the face of gas cabinet access ports or windows shall be not less than 200 feet per minute (1.02 m/s) with not less than 150 feet per minute (0.76 m/s) at any point of the access port or window.
    2. Gas cabinets shall be connected to an exhaust system.
    3. Gas cabinets shall not be used as the sole means of exhaust for any room or area.
    4. The maximum number of cylinders located in a single gas cabinet shall not exceed three, except that cabinets containing cylinders not exceeding 1 pound (0.454 kg) net contents are allowed to contain up to 100 cylinders.
    5. Gas cabinets required by Section 6004.2 or 6004.3 shall be equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. Alternative fire-extinguishing systems shall not be used.
  • CFC § 2025 High relevance — show source text

    Chapter 55 Cryogenic Fluids

    Chapter 55 regulates the hazards associated with the storage, use and handling of cryogenic fluids through regulation of such things as pressure relief mechanisms and proper container storage. These hazards are in addition to the code requirements that address the other hazards of cryogenic fluids, such as flammability and toxicity (Chapters 50, 58 and 60).

    Chapter 56 Explosives and Fireworks

    Chapter 56 prescribes minimum requirements for the safe manufacture, storage, handling and use of explosives, ammunition and blasting agents for commercial and industrial occupancies. These provisions are intended to protect the general public, emergency responders and individuals who handle explosives. Chapter 56 also regulates the manufacturing, retail sale, display and wholesale distribution of fireworks.

    Chapter 57 Flammable and Combustible Liquids

    The requirements of Chapter 57 are intended to reduce the likelihood of fires involving the storage, handling, use or transportation of flammable and combustible liquids. The danger associated with flammable and combustible liquids is that the vapors from these liquids, when combined with air in their flammable range, will burn or explode at temperatures near normal living and working environment.

    Chapter 58 Flammable Gases and Flammable Cryogenic Fluids

    Chapter 58 sets requirements for the storage and use of flammable gases. For safety purposes, there is a limit on the quantities of flammable gas allowed per control area. Exceeding these limitations increases the possibility of damage to both property and indi

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    viduals. The principal hazard posed by flammable gas is its ready ignitability, or even explosivity, when mixed with air in the proper proportions. Consequently, occupancies storing or handling large quantities of flammable gas are classified as Group H- 2 (high hazard) by the CBC.

    Chapter 59 Flammable Solids

    Chapter 59 addresses general requirements for storage and handling of flammable solids, especially magnesium; however, it is important to note that several other solid materials, primarily metals, can be explosion hazards under the right conditions. Some of these metals are almost exclusively laboratory materials but because of where they are used, fire service personnel must be trained to handle emergency situations.

    Chapter 60 Highly Toxic and Toxic Materials

    The main purpose of Chapter 60 is to protect occupants, emergency responders and those in the immediate area of the building and facility from short-term, acute hazards associated with a release or general exposure to toxic and highly toxic materials. This chapter deals with all three states of toxic and highly toxic materials: solids, liquids and gases. This code does not address long-term exposure effects of these materials, which are addressed by agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

    Chapter 61 Liquefied Petroleum Gases

    Chapter 61 establishes requirements for the safe handling, storing and use of LP-gas to reduce the possibility of damage to containers, accidental releases of LP-gas and exposure of flammable concentrations of LP-gas to ignition sources. LP-gas (notably propane) is well known as a camping fuel for cooking, lighting, heating and refrigerating and also remains a popular standby fuel supply for auxiliary generators as well as being widely used as an alternative motor vehicle fuel.

    Chapter 62 Organic Peroxides

  • CFC § 1.11. High relevance — show source text
    • The California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 19, Division 1 provisions that are found in the California Fire Code are a reprint from the current CCR, Title 19, Division 1 text for the code user’s convenience only. The scope, applicability and appeals procedures of CCR, Title 19, Division I remain the same. The state agency does not adopt sections identified by the following symbol: The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to Section 1.11.

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    60 HIGHLY TOXIC AND TOXIC MATERIALS

    User notes:

    About this chapter: Chapter 60 provides requirements to protect occupants, emergency responders and those in the immediate area of the building and facility from short-term, acute hazards associated with a release of, or general exposure to, toxic and highly toxic materials. This chapter deals with all three states of toxic and highly toxic materials: solids, liquids and gases. This code does not address long-term exposure effects of these materials, which are addressed by agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

    SECTION 6001—GENERAL

    6001.1 Scope. The storage and use of highly toxic and toxic materials shall comply with this chapter. Compressed gases shall also comply with Chapter 53.

    Exceptions:

    1. Display and storage in Group M and storage in Group S occupancies complying with Section 5003.11.
    2. Conditions involving pesticides or agricultural products as follows: 2.1. Application and release of pesticide, agricultural products and materials intended for use in weed abatement, erosion control, soil amendment or similar applications when applied in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruction and label directions.

    2.2. Transportation of pesticides in compliance with the Federal Hazardous Materials Transportation Act and regulations thereunder.

    2.3. Storage in dwellings or private garages of pesticides registered by the US Environmental Protection Agency to be utilized in and around the home, garden, pool, spa and patio.

    6001.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.5.

    SECTION 6002—DEFINITIONS

    6002.1 Definitions. The following terms are defined in Chapter 2:

    CONTAINMENT SYSTEM.

    CONTAINMENT VESSEL.

    EXCESS FLOW VALVE.

    HIGHLY TOXIC.

    OZONE-GAS GENERATOR.

    PHYSIOLOGICAL WARNING THRESHOLD.

    REDUCED FLOW VALVE.

    TOXIC.

    SECTION 6003—HIGHLY TOXIC AND TOXIC SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS

    6003.1 Indoor storage and use. The indoor storage and use of highly toxic and toxic materials shall comply with Sections 6003.1.1 through 6003.1.5.3.

    6003.1.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The indoor storage or use of highly toxic and toxic solids or liquids in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(2) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 6001.

  • CFC § 6003.2.3 High relevance — show source text

    6003.2.3 General outdoor requirements. The general requirements applicable to the outdoor storage of highly toxic or toxic solids and liquids shall be in accordance with Sections 6003.2.3.1 and 6003.2.3.2.

    6003.2.3.1 Location. Outdoor storage or use of highly toxic or toxic solids and liquids shall not be located within 20 feet (6096 mm) of lot lines, public streets, public alleys, public ways, exit discharges or exterior wall openings. A 2-hour fire barrier without openings or penetrations extending not less than 30 inches (762 mm) above and to the sides of the storage is allowed in lieu of such distance. The wall shall either be an independent structure, or the exterior wall of the building adjacent to the stor age area.

    6003.2.3.2 Treatment system—highly toxic liquids. Exhaust scrubbers or other systems for processing vapors of highly toxic liquid shall be provided where a spill or accidental release of such liquids can be expected to release highly toxic vapors at normal temperature and pressure (NTP). Treatment systems and other processing systems shall be installed in accordance with the California Mechanical Code .

    6003.2.4 Outdoor storage piles. Outdoor storage piles of highly toxic and toxic solids and liquids shall be separated into piles not larger than 2,500 cubic feet (71 m [3] ). Aisle widths between piles shall be not less than one-half the height of the pile or 10 feet (3048 mm), whichever is greater.

    6003.2.5 Weather protection for highly toxic liquids and solids—outdoor storage or use. Where overhead weather protection is provided for outdoor storage or use of highly toxic liquids or solids, and the weather protection is attached to a building, the storage or use area shall either be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, or storage or use vessels shall be fire resistive. Weather protection shall be provided in accordance with Section 5004.13 for storage and Section 5005.3.9 for use.

    6003.2.6 Outdoor liquid transfer. Highly toxic and toxic liquids shall be transferred in accordance with Section 5005.1.10.

    SECTION 6004—HIGHLY TOXIC AND TOXIC COMPRESSED GASES

    6004.1 General. The storage and use of highly toxic and toxic compressed gases shall comply with this section.

    6004.1.1 Special limitations for indoor storage and use by occupancy. The indoor storage and use of highly toxic and toxic compressed gases in certain occupancies shall be subject to the limitations contained in Sections 6004.1.1.1 through 6004.1.1.3.

    6004.1.1.1 Group A, E, I or U occupancies. Toxic and highly toxic compressed gases shall not be stored or used within Group A, E, I or U occupancies. Exception: Cylinders not exceeding 20 cubic feet (0.566 m [3] ) at normal temperature and pressure (NTP) are allowed within gas cabinets or fume hoods.

    6004.1.1.2 Group R occupancies. Toxic and highly toxic compressed gases shall not be stored or used in Group R occupancies.

  • CBC § 130 High relevance — show source text

    viduals. The principal hazard posed by flammable gas is its ready ignitability, or even explosivity, when mixed with air in the proper proportions. Consequently, occupancies storing or handling large quantities of flammable gas are classified as Group H- 2 (high hazard) by the CBC.

    Chapter 59 Flammable Solids

    Chapter 59 addresses general requirements for storage and handling of flammable solids, especially magnesium; however, it is important to note that several other solid materials, primarily metals, can be explosion hazards under the right conditions. Some of these metals are almost exclusively laboratory materials but because of where they are used, fire service personnel must be trained to handle emergency situations.

    Chapter 60 Highly Toxic and Toxic Materials

    The main purpose of Chapter 60 is to protect occupants, emergency responders and those in the immediate area of the building and facility from short-term, acute hazards associated with a release or general exposure to toxic and highly toxic materials. This chapter deals with all three states of toxic and highly toxic materials: solids, liquids and gases. This code does not address long-term exposure effects of these materials, which are addressed by agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

    Chapter 61 Liquefied Petroleum Gases

    Chapter 61 establishes requirements for the safe handling, storing and use of LP-gas to reduce the possibility of damage to containers, accidental releases of LP-gas and exposure of flammable concentrations of LP-gas to ignition sources. LP-gas (notably propane) is well known as a camping fuel for cooking, lighting, heating and refrigerating and also remains a popular standby fuel supply for auxiliary generators as well as being widely used as an alternative motor vehicle fuel.

    Chapter 62 Organic Peroxides

    Chapter 62 addresses the hazards associated with the storage, handling and use of organic peroxides and intends to prevent their uncontrolled release. These chemicals possess the characteristics of flammable or combustible liquids and are also strong oxidizers. The requirements of this chapter pertain to industrial applications in which significant quantities of organic peroxides are stored or used; however, smaller quantities of organic peroxides still pose a significant hazard and, therefore, must be stored and used in accordance with the applicable provisions of this chapter and Chapter 50.

    Chapter 63 Oxidizers, Oxidizing Gases and Oxidizing Cryogenic Fluids

    Chapter 63 addresses the hazards associated with solid, liquid, gaseous and cryogenic fluid oxidizing materials, including oxygen in home use, and establishes criteria for their safe storage and protection in indoor and outdoor storage facilities, minimizing the potential for uncontrolled releases and contact with fuel sources. Although oxidizers themselves do not burn, they pose unique fire hazards because of their ability to support combustion by breaking down and giving off oxygen.

    Chapter 64 Pyrophoric Materials

    Chapter 64 regulates the hazards associated with pyrophoric materials, which are capable of spontaneously igniting in the air at or below a temperature of 130°F (54°C). Many pyrophoric materials also pose severe flammability or reactivity hazards. This chapter addresses only the hazards associated with pyrophoric materials. Materials that pose multiple hazards must conform to the requirements of the code with respect to all hazards.

    Chapter 65 Pyroxylin (Cellulose Nitrate) Plastics

  • CFC § 2.2. Medium relevance — show source text

    2.2. Transportation of pesticides in compliance with the Federal Hazardous Materials Transportation Act and regulations thereunder.

    2.3. Storage in dwellings or private garages of pesticides registered by the US Environmental Protection Agency to be utilized in and around the home, garden, pool, spa and patio.

    6001.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.5.

    SECTION 6002—DEFINITIONS

    6002.1 Definitions. The following terms are defined in Chapter 2:

    CONTAINMENT SYSTEM.

    CONTAINMENT VESSEL.

    EXCESS FLOW VALVE.

    HIGHLY TOXIC.

    OZONE-GAS GENERATOR.

    PHYSIOLOGICAL WARNING THRESHOLD.

    REDUCED FLOW VALVE.

    TOXIC.

    SECTION 6003—HIGHLY TOXIC AND TOXIC SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS

    6003.1 Indoor storage and use. The indoor storage and use of highly toxic and toxic materials shall comply with Sections 6003.1.1 through 6003.1.5.3.

    6003.1.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The indoor storage or use of highly toxic and toxic solids or liquids in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(2) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 6001.

    6003.1.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The indoor storage or use of highly toxic and toxic solids or liquids in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area set forth in Table 5003.1.1(2) shall be in accordance with Section 6001, Sections 6003.1.3 through 6003.1.5.3 and Chapter 50.

    6003.1.3 Treatment system—highly toxic liquids. Exhaust scrubbers or other systems for processing vapors of highly toxic liquids shall be provided where a spill or accidental release of such liquids can be expected to release highly toxic vapors at normal temperature and pressure (NTP). Treatment systems and other processing systems shall be installed in accordance with the California Mechanical Code .

    6003.1.4 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of highly toxic and toxic solids and liquids shall comply with Sections 6003.1.4.1 and 6003.1.4.2.

    6003.1.4.1 Floors. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 5004.12, floors of storage areas where highly toxic and toxic liquids are stored shall be of liquid-tight construction.

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    HIGHLY TOXIC AND TOXIC MATERIALS

    6003.1.4.2 Separation—highly toxic solids and liquids. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 5003.9.8, highly toxic solids and liquids in storage shall be located in approved hazardous material storage cabinets or isolated from other hazardous material storage by construction in accordance with the California Building Code .

    6003.1.5 Indoor use. Indoor use of highly toxic and toxic solids and liquids shall comply with Sections 6003.1.5.1 through 6003.1.5.3.

  • CFC § 5301.1 Medium relevance — show source text

    SECTION 5301—GENERAL

    5301.1 Scope. Storage, use and handling of compressed gases in compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks and systems shall comply with this chapter and NFPA 55, including those gases regulated elsewhere in this code. Partially full compressed gas containers, cylinders or tanks containing residual gases shall be considered as full for the purposes of the controls required.

    Liquefied natural gas for use as a vehicular fuel shall also comply with NFPA 52 and NFPA 59A.

    Compressed gases classified as hazardous materials shall also comply with Chapter 50 for general requirements and chapters addressing specific hazards, including Chapters 58 (Flammable Gases and Flammable Cryogenic Fluids), 60 (Highly Toxic and Toxic Materials), 63 (Oxidizers, Oxidizing Gases and Oxidizing Cryogenic Fluids) and 64 (Pyrophoric Materials).

    Compressed hydrogen (CH 2 ) shall also comply with the applicable portions of Chapters 23 and 58 of this code, the International Fuel Gas Code and NFPA 2.

    Cutting and welding gases shall also comply with Chapter 35.

    Exceptions:

    1. Gases used as refrigerants in refrigeration systems (see Section 608).

    2. Compressed natural gas (CNG) for use as a vehicular fuel shall comply with Chapter 23, the International Fuel Gas Code and NFPA 52.

    3. Cryogenic fluids shall comply with Chapter 55.

    4. LP-gas shall comply with Chapter 61 and the International Fuel Gas Code .

    [California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.18(a) and (b)] Hazardous Areas.

    (a) General. Occupancies or portions thereof used or intended to be used as operating rooms, surgeries, delivery rooms, storage rooms and similar hazardous locations in which flammable or nonflammable mixtures of gases are used or stored shall be main- tained in accordance with the provisions of NFPA 99-2005 Inhalation Anesthetics, NFPA 99-2005 Laboratories, NFPA 99-2005 Hyperbaric Facilities, NFPA 55-2010 Bulk Oxygen Systems at Consumer Sites, and this section.

    (b) Containers. Cylinders and fittings for compressed gases shall conform to the regulations of the Federal Department of Transportation.

    Compressed gas cylinders shall be clearly marked with the name of the gas contained therein. Cylinders shall bear color makings and labels conforming to the following:

    Gas Color

    (1) Oxygen..................................................................Green

    (2) Carbon Dioxide....................................................... Gray

    (3) Nitrous Oxide.................................................Light Blue

    (4) Cyclopropan...................................................... Orange

    (5) Helium .................................................................Brown

    (6) Ethlene......................................................................Red

    (7) Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen................Gray and Green

    (8) Helium and Oxygen ..........................Brown and Green

    Note: Polished metal or chrome-plated cylinders shall have color tags in addition to color labels.

    When deemed necessary by the enforcing agency, compressed gas cylinders shall be secured by chains, metal straps or other approved materials to prevent overturning.

    5301.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.5.

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    COMPRESSED GASES

  • CFC § 415.10.3 Medium relevance — show source text

    [F] 415.10.3 Floors in storage rooms. Floors in storage areas for corrosive liquids and highly toxic or toxic materials shall be of liquid-tight, noncombustible construction.

    [F] 415.10.4 Separation of highly toxic solids and liquids. Highly toxic solids and liquids not stored in approved hazardous materials storage cabinets shall be isolated from other hazardous materials storage by not less than 1-hour fire barriers constructed in accordance with Section 707 or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 711, or both.

    [F] 415.11 Group H-5. In addition to the requirements set forth elsewhere in this code, Group H-5 shall comply with the provisions of Sections 415.11.1 through 415.11.12 and the California Fire Code .

    [F] 415.11.1 Fabrication areas. Fabrication areas shall comply with Sections 415.11.1.1 through 415.11.1.8.

    [F] 415.11.1.1 Hazardous materials. The aggregate quantities of hazardous materials stored and used in a single fabrication area shall not exceed the quantities set forth in Table 415.11.1.1.

    Exception: The quantity limitations for any hazard category in Table 415.11.1.1 shall not apply where the fabrication area contains quantities of hazardous materials not exceeding the maximum allowable quantities per control area established by Tables 307.1(1) and 307.1(2).

    [F] TABLE 415.11.1.1—QUANTITY LIMITS FOR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IN A SINGLE FABRICATION AREA IN GROUP H-5a Col2 Col3 Col4 Col5
    HAZARD CATEGORY HAZARD CATEGORY SOLIDS
    (pounds per square foot)    		 LIQUIDS
    (gallons per square foot)    		 GAS
    (cubic feet @ NTP/square foot)
    PHYSICAL-HAZARD MATERIALS PHYSICAL-HAZARD MATERIALS PHYSICAL-HAZARD MATERIALS PHYSICAL-HAZARD MATERIALS PHYSICAL-HAZARD MATERIALS
    Combustible dust Combustible dust Note b Not Applicable Not Applicable
    Combustible fiber Loose Note b Not Applicable Not Applicable
    Combustible fiber Baled Notes b and c Notes b and c Notes b and c
    Combustible
    liquid    		 II Not Applicable 0.02 Not Applicable
    Combustible
    liquid    		 IIIA IIIA 0.04 0.04
    Combustible
    liquid    		 IIIB IIIB Not Limited Not Limited
    Combination Class I, II and IIIA I, II and IIIA 0.08 0.08
    Cryogenic gas Flammable Not Applicable Not Applicable Note d
    Cryogenic gas Oxidizing Oxidizing Oxidizing 2.5
    Explosives Explosives Note b Note b Note b
    Flammable gas Gaseous Not Applicable Not Applicable Note d
    Flammable gas Liquefied Liquefied Liquefied Note d
    Flammable liquid IA Not Applicable 0.
  • CFC § 59-3 Medium relevance — show source text

    CHAPTER 59 FLAMMABLE SOLIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59-3

    5901 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59-3

    5902 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59-3

    5903 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59-3

    5904 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59-3

    5905 Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59-3

    5906 Magnesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59-3

    CHAPTER 60 HIGHLY TOXIC AND TOXIC MATERIALS . . . 60-3

    6001 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60-3

    6002 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60-3

    6003 Highly Toxic and Toxic Solids and Liquids. . . . . . . . 60-3 6004 Highly Toxic and Toxic Compressed Gases . . . . . . . 60-4

    6005 Ozone-Gas Generators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60-8

    CHAPTER 61 LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES . . . . . . . . . 61-3

    6101 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61-3

    6102 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61-3

    6103 Installation of Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61-3

    6104 Location of LP-Gas Containers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61-4

    6105 Prohibited Use of LP-Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61-5

    6106 Dispensing and Overfilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61-5 6107 Safety Precautions and Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61-5

  • CFC § 105.5.8 Medium relevance — show source text

    105.5.8 Combustible fibers. An operational permit is required for the storage and handling of combustible fibers in quantities greater than 100 cubic feet (2.8 m [3] ).

    Exception: A permit is not required for agricultural storage.

    105.5.9 Compressed gases. An operational permit is required for the storage, use or handling at normal temperature and pressure (NTP) of compressed gases in excess of the amounts listed in Table 105.5.9.

    Exception: Vehicles equipped for and using compressed gas as a fuel for propelling the vehicle.

    TABLE 105.5.9—PERMIT AMOUNTS FOR COMPRESSED GASES Col2
    TYPE OF GAS AMOUNT
    (cubic feet at NTP)
    Carbon dioxide used in carbon dioxide enrichment systems 875 (100 lb)
    Carbon dioxide used in insulated liquid carbon dioxide beverage dispensing applications 875 (100 lb)
    Corrosive 200
    Flammable (except cryogenic fluids and liquefied petroleum gases) 200
    Highly toxic Any Amount
    Inert and simple asphyxiant 6,000
    Oxidizing (including oxygen) 504
    Pyrophoric Any Amount
    Toxic Any Amount
    For SI: 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 m3. For SI: 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 m3.

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    DIVISION II—SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

    105.5.10 Covered and open mall buildings. An operational permit is required for:

    1. The placement of retail fixtures and displays, concession equipment, displays of highly combustible goods and similar items in the mall.

    2. The display of liquid- or gas-fired equipment in the mall.

    3. The use of open-flame or flame-producing equipment in the mall.

    105.5.11 Cryogenic fluids. An operational permit is required to produce, store, transport on site, use, handle or dispense cryogenic fluids in excess of the amounts listed in Table 105.5.11.

    Exception: Permits are not required for vehicles equipped for and using cryogenic fluids as a fuel for propelling the vehicle or for refrigerating the lading.

    TABLE 105.5.11—PERMIT AMOUNTS FOR CRYOGENIC FLUIDS Col2 Col3
    TYPE OF
    CRYOGENIC FLUID    		 INSIDE BUILDING
    (gallons)    		 OUTSIDE BUILDING
    (gallons)
    Flammable More than 1 60
    Inert 60 500
    Oxidizing (includes oxygen) 10 50
    Physical or health hazard not indicated above Any Amount Any Amount
    For SI: 1 gallon = 3.785 L. For SI: 1 gallon = 3.785 L. For SI: 1 gallon = 3.785 L.

    105.5.12 Cutting and welding. An operational permit is required to conduct cutting or welding operations within the jurisdiction.

    105.5.13 Dry cleaning. An operational permit is required to engage in the business of dry cleaning or to change to a more hazardous cleaning solvent used in existing dry cleaning equipment.

Frequently asked questions

What is the single controlling limit for indoor toxic solids/liquids?

Indoor storage/use is controlled by the maximum allowable quantity per control area in Table 5003.1.1(2); consult § 6003.1 for application and Chapter 50 when limits are exceeded.

Do highly toxic compressed gases always require a permit?

Yes — Table 105.5.9 lists highly toxic and toxic compressed gases as requiring a permit for any amount. See § 105.5.9.

Can I store small (one‑pound) cylinders in a gas cabinet?

Yes — cabinets may hold up to 100 cylinders that are ≤ 1 lb net contents; otherwise the typical cabinet limit is 3 cylinders. See § 6004.1.2.

What cryogen quantity inside triggers a permit for oxygen?

Liquid oxygen is an oxidizing cryogenic fluid; the inside‑building permit threshold is 10 gallons per Table 105.5.11, so any amount over 10 gallons requires a permit. See § 105.5.11.

Is a gas cabinet allowed to be the only exhaust for the room?

No — gas cabinets must be connected to an exhaust system but shall not be used as the sole means of exhaust for the room. See § 6004.1.2.

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