CFC · California Fire Code

Compressed gases: upright storage, gas cabinets, medical gases and system controls

Q: What exactly counts as “upright” for a cylinder?

Upright means valve end up; the code allows the cylinder axis to be tilted up to 45 degrees from vertical and still be considered upright. See § 5304.1 and § 5305.6 .

Q: Can small cylinders be kept horizontal?

Yes—containers with water volume less than 1.3 gallons (5 L) may be stored or used horizontally per the exceptions in § 5304.1 and § 5305.6 .

Q: How many cylinders can go in one gas cabinet?

Generally no more than three cylinders per gas cabinet; there is a special allowance of up to 100 cylinders if each cylinder is ≤ 1 lb net contents (see the gas‑cabinet limits and toxic‑gas exceptions referenced in Chapter 50 and Chapter 60).

Q: Do medical gas systems have to follow NFPA 99?

Yes — the CFC requires medical gas systems and equipment be installed, tested and labeled in accordance with NFPA 99 ; the CFC provides room/cabinet and ventilation requirements but defers many technical installation and testing details to NFPA 99 ( § 5306.5 ).

Q: Are automatic controls allowed to fail closed/open?

Automatic controls are required to be fail‑safe ; the code text requires automatic controls be designed so an automatic failure does not create an unsafe release or feed. Detailed logic (fail‑closed vs fail‑open) is part of competent system design and referenced standards ( § 5305.2 ).

Q: Where do I find the table of maximum allowable quantities per control area?

The CFC references the maximum allowable quantities tables in Chapter 50 (Table 5003.1.1 series). That table was not fully reproduced in the retrieved excerpts here — consult Chapter 50 / Table 5003.1.1 in the full code for exact MAQ limits.

For homeowners: gas cylinders and systems must be stored and used valve‑end up (unless very small), kept gas‑tight, and medical or hazardous gas supplies must be in approved cabinets or rooms with dedicated exhaust, sprinkler protection and fail‑safe controls; specific numeric requirements (e.g., 45° tilt, 1.3 gal exception, cabinet face velocity, 1‑hour ducts) are in **§ 5304, § 5305 and § 5306** of the California Fire Code.

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Last reviewed: July 6, 2026

What the code requires — 2-4 sentences

Compressed gas containers and systems must be stored, used and controlled so they do not leak, overturn, or discharge at the wrong time or place. Key California Fire Code requirements are: upright storage (valve end up) under § 5304.1, system controls and fail‑safe automatic controls under § 5305.2 and related piping/valve rules in § 5305.3–§ 5305.5, and medical gas room/cabinet construction, ventilation and installation requirements under § 5306.2–§ 5306.5. These provisions are implemented together with material‑specific chapters (for example flammable, toxic or oxidizing gases) and referenced standards such as NFPA 55 and NFPA 99.

The single most important, plain‑English rule: store and use cylinders upright (valve up) unless specifically allowed otherwise, keep piping and valves gas‑tight, and put medical gas cylinders in approved rooms or gas cabinets with the ventilation, ducting and sprinkler protections required by the code.

Requirements in detail

1) Upright storage and use

The code requires that compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks (except those designed for horizontal use) be stored and used in an upright position with the valve end up; an upright position may be inclined up to 45 degrees from vertical and still count as upright. See § 5304.1 and § 5305.6.
Exceptions: containers with water volume less than 1.3 gallons (5 L) may be stored/used horizontally; secured palletized nonflammable or nonliquefied flammable cylinders in transport may also be horizontal. § 5304.1.

2) System design, controls and piping

Systems must be designed by competent persons and equipment must be listed/approved (§ 5305.1).
Controls: compressed gas system controls must prevent materials entering/leaving at unintended times/paths; automatic controls must be fail‑safe (§ 5305.2).
Piping, valves and fittings must comply with Chapter 50 and be gas‑tight to prevent leakage; access to shutoff valves must be maintained and valve handles for required shutoffs must not be removed to prevent access (§ 5305.3–§ 5305.4).
Venting: required venting must be directed to an approved location and comply with the California Mechanical Code (§ 5305.5).
For flammable and other hazard‑specific gases additional emergency shutoff requirements appear elsewhere (for example § 5803.1.3 for flammable gases and § 6303.1.2 for oxidizers) — these require manual/automatic fail‑safe shutoffs at source and point of use.

3) Gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures and ventilation

Gas cabinets used for toxic/highly toxic gases must comply with the general gas‑cabinet construction/ventilation requirements in Chapter 5 (Section 5003.8.6) and the specifics in the toxic gases chapter (for example § 6004.1.2) — including connection to exhaust systems and minimum face velocity requirements.
For medical gases, gas cabinets and medical gas storage rooms are addressed in § 5306.2–§ 5306.3 (see table below for the most common numeric thresholds).

4) Medical gas systems (installation, rooms, cabinets)

Medical gas systems/equipment must be installed, tested and labeled in accordance with NFPA 99 and the general provisions of Chapter 53 (§ 5306.5). Operation/management of medical gas cylinders is also governed by NFPA 99 (§ 5306.5.1). The CFC references NFPA; specific NFPA details (e.g., piping materials, labeling, zone layout, purity testing intervals) are not restated in the retrieved CFC text — consult NFPA 99 for those specifics.
Where a medical gas storage room cannot have an exterior wall, a 1‑hour interior room is required with 1‑hour‑rated ducts and an automatic sprinkler; supply/exhaust ducts must be enclosed in a 1‑hour fire‑resistance‑rated shaft and mechanical ventilation provided (minimum 1 cfm per sq ft of room area) (§ 5306.2.2).
Gas cabinets for medical gases must be exhausted to the exterior through dedicated ducting, have ducts enclosed in 1‑hour shafts from cabinet to exterior, provide an average face velocity not less than 200 fpm with no point below 150 fpm, and be provided with an automatic sprinkler internal to the cabinet (§ 5306.2.3).

Decision‑relevant dimensions / values (quick reference table)

Topic	Value / threshold	Where it applies	Code Reference
Upright position allowed inclination	45° from vertical	Storage & use of non‑horizontal cylinders	§ 5304.1, § 5305.6
Small container horizontal exception	< 1.3 gallons (5 L) water volume	Exception to upright rule for storage/use	§ 5304.1
Gas cabinet: max cylinders	3 cylinders per gas cabinet (general)	Gas cabinets; special allowance up to 100 small cylinders of ≤1 lb	§ 5003.8.6.3 and related toxic‑gas text
Gas cabinet face velocity	≥ 200 fpm average, ≥ 150 fpm at any point	Face of cabinet access ports/windows	§ 5003.8.6.1 and § 5306.2.3
Duct fire rating	1‑hour shaft enclosure for supply & exhaust ducts	From cabinet or room to exterior	§ 5306.2.3
Interior medical gas room ventilation	1 cfm per sq ft (minimum)	Medical gas storage rooms (1‑hour interior room)	§ 5306.2.2
Vent free openings (medical gas room)	36 in² per 1,000 ft³, aggregate ≥ 72 in²; one vent ≤6 in from floor and one ≤6 in from ceiling	Room vent sizing for stored gas	§ 5306.2.1 (vent sizing text)
Controls: automatic design requirement	Fail‑safe automatic controls	Compressed gas system controls	§ 5305.2
Piping, tubing, valves	Gas‑tight; comply with Chapter 50	All compressed gas piping systems	§ 5305.3

Exceptions & special cases

Horizontal storage/use allowed for containers with < 1.3 gallons (5 L) water volume (§ 5304.1 exception).
Palletized cylinders secured for transportation (nonflammable or nonliquefied flammable) may be stored horizontal during transport (§ 5304.1 exception).
Medical gas systems: the CFC defers many specific installation and testing details to NFPA 99; the CFC requires compliance with NFPA 99 but does not reproduce all NFPA technical requirements (see § 5306.5). If you need component‑level specs (purity, labeling, station outlet marking, testing procedures), consult NFPA 99 and the California Plumbing Code as referenced.
For flammable, toxic or oxidizing gases the material‑specific chapters (Chapters 58, 60, 63, etc.) add additional restrictions such as quantity limits, special shutoffs or prohibited occupancies; medical gases are referenced by those chapters to § 5306 for supply cylinder location.

If a required detail is not present in the retrieved CFC excerpts (for example, detailed NFPA 99 installation tables or the CFC’s Table 5003.1.1(1) maximum allowable quantities), that specific text was not included in the files I searched — the code instead points you to those tables and referenced standards. I will not invent those numbers here; consult the referenced table or standard for exact values.

Common mistakes

Assuming small cylinders are exempt: many small cylinders are excepted for horizontal placement, but quantities, gas type and occupancy limitations still apply — check § 5304.1 and the material‑specific chapters.
Removing valve handles or disabling valve access for required shutoffs: the code requires access be provided and maintained and prohibits removing handles to block access (§ 5305.4).
Treating a gas cabinet as the room’s sole exhaust: gas cabinets and exhausted enclosures must not be used as the sole means of exhaust for a room/area; rooms containing cabinets must have their own exhaust ventilation as required (§ 6004.2.2, § 5003.8.6).
Omitting sprinkler protection: gas cabinets required by the toxic‑gas chapters must be equipped with an automatic sprinkler system internal to the cabinet (medical gas cabinet requirement in § 5306.2.3 and toxic‑gas gas‑cabinet rules). Do not substitute other extinguishing systems unless the code allows it.
Relying on CFC text alone for medical gas commissioning: the CFC requires NFPA 99 certification and tests — do not skip the NFPA 99 procedure list (leak, purity, cross‑connection checks, alarm testing) referenced in § 5306.5.

Worked example — clinic storing medical oxygen supply cylinders

Scenario: A small clinic will store medical oxygen supply cylinders (full‑size supply cylinders intended to feed a piped medical gas system). They plan to keep six supply cylinders on site for system supply and rotation.

Step 1 — Storage location: Medical gas supply cylinders must be located in a medical gas storage room or gas cabinet as set out in § 5306. If the room can have an exterior wall, provide direct exhaust to exterior; if not, construct a 1‑hour interior room with required ducts and sprinklers per § 5306.2.2.

Step 2 — Gas cabinet vs. room: The clinic could use an approved medical gas cabinet if the cabinet arrangements meet § 5306.2.3: dedicated exterior exhaust, ducts within 1‑hour shafts, face ventilation ≥ 200 fpm average and ≥ 150 fpm at any point, and internal automatic sprinkler in the cabinet. If using cabinets, note the general cabinet maximum of 3 cylinders per cabinet in the gas‑cabinet rules — so six cylinders would either require two cabinets or a properly configured storage room (or cabinets certified to allow more under the small‑cylinder exception).

Step 3 — System controls & piping: The piping that connects the supply cylinders to the medical gas system must be gas‑tight and comply with Chapter 50 and NFPA 99. Install approved fail‑safe automatic controls and source/point‑of‑use shutoffs as required. Test leakage, purity, and alarm functions during commissioning per § 5306.5 and NFPA 99.

Step 4 — Upright positioning: Ensure every supply cylinder is stored upright with the valve end up (or in cabinets designed to hold cylinders in the required orientation); small cylinders under 1.3 gal (5 L) would be the only ones allowed horizontal per § 5304.1 exception.

Summary for the clinic: to store six supply cylinders you likely need either (a) a properly constructed medical gas storage room (exterior or 1‑hour interior room per § 5306.2.2) with required ventilation and sprinkler protection, or (b) multiple gas cabinets sized and certified to meet the cabinet limits and ventilation/fire requirements of § 5003.8.6 and § 5306.2.3. Also complete NFPA 99 commissioning and record submittal per § 5306.5.

Related provisions

§ 5301.1 — Scope: Chapter 53 scope, NFPA 55 and cross‑references to other chapters.
§ 5304.1 — Upright storage requirement and exceptions.
§ 5305.2–§ 5305.6 — Controls, piping, valves, venting, and upright use while in service.
§ 5306.2–§ 5306.5 — Medical gas room, cabinet, trans‑filling and NFPA 99 compliance.
§ 5003.8.6 — Gas cabinet construction and ventilation (general cabinet rules referenced by 53 & 60).
§ 5803.1.3 — Emergency shutoff requirements for flammable gas systems.
§ 6004.1.2 / § 6004.2 — Gas cabinets and exhausted enclosure rules for toxic/highly toxic compressed gases.

Code references

Grounded in the retrieved California Fire Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

CFC § 5303.16.14 High relevance — show source text
5303.16.14 Classified area. The interior of a vault containing a flammable gas shall be designated a Class I, Division 1, location, as defined in the California Electrical Code.

SECTION 5304—STORAGE OF COMPRESSED GASES

5304.1 Upright storage. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks, except those designed for use in a horizontal position, and all compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks containing nonliquefied gases, shall be stored in an upright position with the valve end up. An upright position shall include conditions where the container, cylinder or tank axis is inclined as much as 45 degrees (0.80 rad) from the vertical.

Exceptions:
1. Compressed gas containers with a water volume less than 1.3 gallons (5 L) are allowed to be stored in a horizontal position.
2. Cylinders, containers and tanks containing nonflammable gases, or cylinders, containers and tanks containing nonliquefied flammable gases that have been secured to a pallet for transportation purposes.
5304.2 Material-specific regulations. In addition to the requirements of this section, indoor and outdoor storage of compressed gases shall comply with the material-specific provisions of Chapters 54, 58 and 60 through 67.

SECTION 5305—USE AND HANDLING OF COMPRESSED GASES

5305.1 Compressed gas systems. Compressed gas systems shall be suitable for the use intended and shall be designed by persons competent in such design. Compressed gas equipment, machinery and processes shall be listed or approved.

5305.2 Controls. Compressed gas system controls shall be designed to prevent materials from entering or leaving process or reaction systems at other than the intended time, rate or path. Automatic controls shall be designed to be fail-safe.

5305.3 Piping systems. Piping, including tubing, valves, fittings and pressure regulators, shall comply with this section and Chapter 50. Piping, tubing, pressure regulators, valves and other apparatus shall be kept gas tight to prevent leakage.

5305.4 Valves. Valves utilized on compressed gas systems shall be suitable for the use intended. Access to such valves shall be provided and maintained. Valve handles or operators for required shutoff valves shall not be removed or otherwise altered to prevent access.

5305.5 Venting. Venting of gases shall be directed to an approved location. Venting shall comply with the California Mechanical Code .

5305.6 Upright use. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks, except those designed for use in a horizontal position, and all compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks containing nonliquefied gases, shall be used in an upright position with the valve end up. An upright position shall include conditions where the container, cylinder or tank axis is inclined as much as 45 degrees (0.80 rad) from the vertical. Use of nonflammable liquefied gases in the inverted position where the liquid phase is used shall not be

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COMPRESSED GASES

prohibited provided that the container, cylinder or tank is properly secured and the dispensing apparatus is designed for liquefied

gas use.

Exception: Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks with a water volume less than 1.3 gallons (5 L) are allowed to be used in a horizontal position.
CFC § 1.11. High relevance — show source text
- The California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 19, Division 1 provisions that are found in the California Fire Code are a reprint from the current CCR, Title 19, Division 1 text for the code user’s convenience only. The scope, applicability and appeals procedures of CCR, Title 19, Division I remain the same. The state agency does not adopt sections identified by the following symbol: The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to Section 1.11.
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53 COMPRESSED GASES

User notes:

About this chapter: Chapter 53 regulates the storage, use and handling of all flammable and nonflammable compressed gases, such as those that are used in medical facilities, air separation plants, industrial plants, agricultural equipment and similar occupancies. Also, this chapter regulates inert gases, such as CO 2 used for enrichment and beverage dispensing, that although inert are considered asphyxiants and in larger amounts pose a life safety hazard. Standards for the design, construction and marking of compressed gas cylinders and pressure vessels are referenced. Compressed gases used in welding and cutting, cryogenic liquids and liquefied petroleum gases are also regulated under Chapters 35, 55 and 61, respectively. Compressed gases that are classified as hazardous materials are also regulated in Chapter 50, which includes general requirements.

SECTION 5301—GENERAL

5301.1 Scope. Storage, use and handling of compressed gases in compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks and systems shall comply with this chapter and NFPA 55, including those gases regulated elsewhere in this code. Partially full compressed gas containers, cylinders or tanks containing residual gases shall be considered as full for the purposes of the controls required.

Liquefied natural gas for use as a vehicular fuel shall also comply with NFPA 52 and NFPA 59A.

Compressed gases classified as hazardous materials shall also comply with Chapter 50 for general requirements and chapters addressing specific hazards, including Chapters 58 (Flammable Gases and Flammable Cryogenic Fluids), 60 (Highly Toxic and Toxic Materials), 63 (Oxidizers, Oxidizing Gases and Oxidizing Cryogenic Fluids) and 64 (Pyrophoric Materials).

Compressed hydrogen (CH 2 ) shall also comply with the applicable portions of Chapters 23 and 58 of this code, the International Fuel Gas Code and NFPA 2.

Cutting and welding gases shall also comply with Chapter 35.

Exceptions:
1. Gases used as refrigerants in refrigeration systems (see Section 608).
2. Compressed natural gas (CNG) for use as a vehicular fuel shall comply with Chapter 23, the International Fuel Gas Code and NFPA 52.
3. Cryogenic fluids shall comply with Chapter 55.
4. LP-gas shall comply with Chapter 61 and the International Fuel Gas Code .
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.18(a) and (b)] Hazardous Areas.
CFC § 5303.16.10 High relevance — show source text
5303.16.10 Monitoring and detection. Vaults shall be provided with approved vapor and liquid detection systems and equipped with on-site audible and visual warning devices with battery backup. Vapor detection systems shall sound an alarm when the system detects vapors that reach or exceed 25 percent of the lower explosive limit (LEL) or one-half the immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH) concentration for the gas in the vault. Vapor detectors shall be located not higher than 12 inches (305 mm) above the lowest point in the vault for heavier-than-air gases and not lower than 12 inches (305 mm) below the highest point in the vault for lighter-than-air gases. Liquid detection systems shall sound an alarm upon detection of any liquid, including water. Liquid detectors shall be located in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Activation of either vapor or liquid detection systems shall cause a signal to be sounded at an approved, constantly attended location within the facility served by the tanks or at an approved location. Activation of vapor detection systems shall shut off gas-handling equipment in the vault and dispensers.

5303.16.11 Liquid removal. Means shall be provided to recover liquid from the vault. Where a pump is used to meet this requirement, it shall not be permanently installed in the vault. Electric-powered portable pumps shall be suitable for use in Class I, Division 1, locations, as defined in the California Electrical Code.

5303.16.12 Relief vents. Vent pipes for equipment in the vault shall terminate not less than 12 feet (3658 mm) above ground level.

5303.16.13 Accessway. Vaults shall be provided with an approved personnel accessway with a minimum dimension of 30 inches (762 mm) and with a permanently affixed, nonferrous ladder. Accessways shall be designed to be nonsparking. Travel distance from any point inside a vault to an accessway shall not exceed 20 feet (6096 mm). At each entry point, a warning sign indicating the need for procedures for safe entry into confined spaces shall be posted. Entry points shall be secured against unauthorized entry and vandalism.

5303.16.14 Classified area. The interior of a vault containing a flammable gas shall be designated a Class I, Division 1, location, as defined in the California Electrical Code.

SECTION 5304—STORAGE OF COMPRESSED GASES

5304.1 Upright storage. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks, except those designed for use in a horizontal position, and all compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks containing nonliquefied gases, shall be stored in an upright position with the valve end up. An upright position shall include conditions where the container, cylinder or tank axis is inclined as much as 45 degrees (0.80 rad) from the vertical.

Exceptions:
1. Compressed gas containers with a water volume less than 1.3 gallons (5 L) are allowed to be stored in a horizontal position.
2. Cylinders, containers and tanks containing nonflammable gases, or cylinders, containers and tanks containing nonliquefied flammable gases that have been secured to a pallet for transportation purposes.
5304.2 Material-specific regulations. In addition to the requirements of this section, indoor and outdoor storage of compressed gases shall comply with the material-specific provisions of Chapters 54, 58 and 60 through 67.

SECTION 5305—USE AND HANDLING OF COMPRESSED GASES
CFC § 5305.3 High relevance — show source text
5305.3 Piping systems. Piping, including tubing, valves, fittings and pressure regulators, shall comply with this section and Chapter 50. Piping, tubing, pressure regulators, valves and other apparatus shall be kept gas tight to prevent leakage.

5305.4 Valves. Valves utilized on compressed gas systems shall be suitable for the use intended. Access to such valves shall be provided and maintained. Valve handles or operators for required shutoff valves shall not be removed or otherwise altered to prevent access.

5305.5 Venting. Venting of gases shall be directed to an approved location. Venting shall comply with the California Mechanical Code .

5305.6 Upright use. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks, except those designed for use in a horizontal position, and all compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks containing nonliquefied gases, shall be used in an upright position with the valve end up. An upright position shall include conditions where the container, cylinder or tank axis is inclined as much as 45 degrees (0.80 rad) from the vertical. Use of nonflammable liquefied gases in the inverted position where the liquid phase is used shall not be

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COMPRESSED GASES

prohibited provided that the container, cylinder or tank is properly secured and the dispensing apparatus is designed for liquefied

gas use.

Exception: Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks with a water volume less than 1.3 gallons (5 L) are allowed to be used in a horizontal position.

5305.7 Transfer. Transfer of gases between containers, cylinders and tanks shall be performed by qualified personnel using equipment and operating procedures in accordance with CGA P-1.

Exception: The fueling of vehicles with CNG or CH 2, conducted in accordance with Chapter 23.

5305.8 Use of compressed gas for inflation. Inflatable equipment, devices or balloons shall only be pressurized or filled with compressed air or inert gases.

5305.9 Material-specific regulations. In addition to the requirements of this section, indoor and outdoor use of compressed gases shall comply with the material-specific provisions of Chapters 54, 58 and 60 through 67.

5305.10 Handling. The handling of compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks shall comply with Sections 5305.10.1 and 5305.10.2.

5305.10.1 Carts and trucks. Containers, cylinders and tanks shall be moved using an approved method. Where containers, cylinders or tanks are moved by hand cart, hand truck or other mobile device, such carts, trucks or devices shall be designed for the secure movement of containers, cylinders or tanks. Carts and trucks utilized for transport of compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks within buildings shall comply with Section 5003.10. Carts and trucks utilized for transport of compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks exterior to buildings shall be designed so that the containers, cylinders and tanks will be secured against dropping or otherwise striking against each other or other surfaces.

5305.10.2 Lifting devices. Ropes, chains or slings shall not be used to suspend compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks unless provisions at time of manufacture have been made on the container, cylinder or tank for appropriate lifting attachments, such as lugs.

SECTION 5306—MEDICAL GASES
CFC § 51-4 Medium relevance — show source text
5104 Inside Storage of Aerosol Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51-4 5105 Outside Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51-7 5106 Retail Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51-7 5107 Manufacturing Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51-9

CHAPTER 52 RESERVED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52-1

CHAPTER 53 COMPRESSED GASES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53-3

5301 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53-3

5302 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53-4

5303 General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53-4 5304 Storage of Compressed Gases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53-7 5305 Use and Handling of Compressed Gases. . . . . . . . . 53-7

5306 Medical Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53-8

5307 Compressed Gases Not Otherwise Regulated . . . . 53-9

CHAPTER 54 CORROSIVE MATERIALS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54-3

5401 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54-3

5402 Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54-3

5403 General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54-3 5404 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54-3

5405 Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54-3

CHAPTER 55 CRYOGENIC FLUIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55-3

5501 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55-3

CFC § 3.18 Medium relevance — show source text

(Matrix Adoption Tables are nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user. See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

Adopting Agency	BSC	BSC- CG	SFM	Col5	HCD	Col7	Col8	DSA	Col10	OSHPD	Col12	Col13	Col14	Col15	Col16	BSCC	DPH	AGR	DWR	CEC	CA	SL	SLC
Adopting Agency	BSC	BSC- CG	T-24	T-19*	1	2	1/AC	AC	SS	1	1R	2	3	4	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
Adopt Entire Chapter			X
Adopt Entire Chapter as amended (amended sections listed below)
Adopt only those sections that are listed below
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1]				X
Chapter / Section
[T-19 §3.18 (a)(b)]				X

The California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 19, Division 1 provisions that are found in the California Fire Code are a reprint from the current CCR, Title 19, Division 1 text for the code user’s convenience only. The scope, applicability and appeals procedures of CCR, Title 19, Division I remain the same. The state agency does not adopt sections identified by the following symbol: The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to Section 1.11.

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53-2 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

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53 COMPRESSED GASES

User notes:

About this chapter: Chapter 53 regulates the storage, use and handling of all flammable and nonflammable compressed gases, such as those that are used in medical facilities, air separation plants, industrial plants, agricultural equipment and similar occupancies. Also, this chapter regulates inert gases, such as CO 2 used for enrichment and beverage dispensing, that although inert are considered asphyxiants and in larger amounts pose a life safety hazard. Standards for the design, construction and marking of compressed gas cylinders and pressure vessels are referenced. Compressed gases used in welding and cutting, cryogenic liquids and liquefied petroleum gases are also regulated under Chapters 35, 55 and 61, respectively. Compressed gases that are classified as hazardous materials are also regulated in Chapter 50, which includes general requirements.

SECTION 5301—GENERAL

CFC § 5003.8.5 Medium relevance — show source text
1. Storing liquid and solid materials in hazardous material storage cabinets.
2. Storing compressed gases in gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures in accordance with Sections 5003.8.5 and 5003.8.6.
Materials that are incompatible shall not be stored within the same cabinet or exhausted enclosure.

5003.9.9 Shelf storage. Shelving shall be of substantial construction, and shall be braced and anchored in accordance with the seismic design requirements of the California Building Code for the seismic design category in which the material is located. Shelving shall be treated, coated or constructed of materials that are compatible with the hazardous materials stored. Shelves shall be provided with a lip or guard where used for the storage of individual containers.

Shelf storage of hazardous materials shall be maintained in an orderly manner.

Exceptions:
1. Storage in hazardous material storage cabinets or laboratory furniture specifically designed for such use.
2. Storage of hazardous materials in amounts not requiring a permit in accordance with Section 5001.5.
5003.9.10 Safety cans. Safety cans shall be listed in accordance with UL 30 where used to increase the maximum allowable quantities per control area of flammable or combustible liquids in accordance with Table 5003.1.1(1). Safety cans listed in accordance with UL 1313 are allowed for flammable and combustible liquids where not used to increase the maximum allowable quantities per control area and for other hazardous material liquids in accordance with the listing.

5003.10 Handling and transportation. In addition to the requirements of Section 5003.2, the handling and transportation of hazardous materials in corridors or enclosures for stairways and ramps shall be in accordance with Sections 5003.10.1 through 5003.10.3.6.

5003.10.1 Valve protection. Hazardous material gas containers, cylinders and tanks in transit shall have their protective caps in place. Containers, cylinders and tanks of highly toxic or toxic compressed gases shall have their valve outlets capped or plugged with an approved closure device in accordance with Chapter 53.

5003.10.2 Carts and trucks required. Liquids in containers exceeding 5.28 gallons (20 L) in an elevator, a corridor or enclosure for a stairway or ramp shall be transported on a cart or truck. Containers of hazardous materials having a hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with NFPA 704 and transported within an elevator, corridors or interior exit stairways and ramps, shall be on a cart or truck. Where carts and trucks are required for transporting hazardous materials, they shall be in accordance with Section 5003.10.3. Exceptions 1 through 4 shall not apply where elevators are utilized.

Exceptions:
1. Two hazardous material liquid containers that are hand carried in acceptable safety carriers.
2. Not more than four drums not exceeding 55 gallons (208 L) each that are transported by suitable drum trucks.
3. Containers and cylinders of compressed gases that are transported by approved hand trucks, and containers and cylinders not exceeding 25 pounds (11 kg) that are hand carried.
4. Solid hazardous materials not exceeding 100 pounds (45 kg) that are transported by approved hand trucks, and a single container not exceeding 50 pounds (23 kg) that is hand carried.
5003.10.2.1 On the 11th story and above. On the 11th story and above of any occupancy, all vertical handling and transporta- tion of hazardous materials in the building shall be in approved carts.
CFC § 5301.1 Medium relevance — show source text
SECTION 5301—GENERAL

5301.1 Scope. Storage, use and handling of compressed gases in compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks and systems shall comply with this chapter and NFPA 55, including those gases regulated elsewhere in this code. Partially full compressed gas containers, cylinders or tanks containing residual gases shall be considered as full for the purposes of the controls required.

Liquefied natural gas for use as a vehicular fuel shall also comply with NFPA 52 and NFPA 59A.

Compressed gases classified as hazardous materials shall also comply with Chapter 50 for general requirements and chapters addressing specific hazards, including Chapters 58 (Flammable Gases and Flammable Cryogenic Fluids), 60 (Highly Toxic and Toxic Materials), 63 (Oxidizers, Oxidizing Gases and Oxidizing Cryogenic Fluids) and 64 (Pyrophoric Materials).

Compressed hydrogen (CH 2 ) shall also comply with the applicable portions of Chapters 23 and 58 of this code, the International Fuel Gas Code and NFPA 2.

Cutting and welding gases shall also comply with Chapter 35.

Exceptions:
1. Gases used as refrigerants in refrigeration systems (see Section 608).
2. Compressed natural gas (CNG) for use as a vehicular fuel shall comply with Chapter 23, the International Fuel Gas Code and NFPA 52.
3. Cryogenic fluids shall comply with Chapter 55.
4. LP-gas shall comply with Chapter 61 and the International Fuel Gas Code .
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.18(a) and (b)] Hazardous Areas.

(a) General. Occupancies or portions thereof used or intended to be used as operating rooms, surgeries, delivery rooms, storage rooms and similar hazardous locations in which flammable or nonflammable mixtures of gases are used or stored shall be main- tained in accordance with the provisions of NFPA 99-2005 Inhalation Anesthetics, NFPA 99-2005 Laboratories, NFPA 99-2005 Hyperbaric Facilities, NFPA 55-2010 Bulk Oxygen Systems at Consumer Sites, and this section.

(b) Containers. Cylinders and fittings for compressed gases shall conform to the regulations of the Federal Department of Transportation.

Compressed gas cylinders shall be clearly marked with the name of the gas contained therein. Cylinders shall bear color makings and labels conforming to the following:

Gas Color

(1) Oxygen..................................................................Green

(2) Carbon Dioxide....................................................... Gray

(3) Nitrous Oxide.................................................Light Blue

(4) Cyclopropan...................................................... Orange

(5) Helium .................................................................Brown

(6) Ethlene......................................................................Red

(7) Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen................Gray and Green

(8) Helium and Oxygen ..........................Brown and Green

Note: Polished metal or chrome-plated cylinders shall have color tags in addition to color labels.

When deemed necessary by the enforcing agency, compressed gas cylinders shall be secured by chains, metal straps or other approved materials to prevent overturning.

5301.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.5.

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COMPRESSED GASES
CFC § 50-3 Medium relevance — show source text
5001 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50-3

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5002 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50-6

5003 General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50-7 5004 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50-21 5005 Use, Dispensing and Handling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50-25

CHAPTER 51 AEROSOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51-3

5101 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51-3

5102 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51-3

5103 Classification of Aerosol Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51-3

5104 Inside Storage of Aerosol Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51-4 5105 Outside Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51-7 5106 Retail Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51-7 5107 Manufacturing Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51-9

CHAPTER 52 RESERVED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52-1

CHAPTER 53 COMPRESSED GASES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53-3

5301 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53-3

5302 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53-4

5303 General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53-4 5304 Storage of Compressed Gases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53-7 5305 Use and Handling of Compressed Gases. . . . . . . . . 53-7
CFC § 6004.3.2.1.2 Medium relevance — show source text
6004.3.2.1.2 Openings in exposed buildings. Where the storage or use area is located closer than 75 feet (22 860 mm) to a building not associated with the manufacture or distribution of highly toxic or toxic compressed gases, openings into a building other than for piping are not allowed above the height of the top of the 2-hour fire barrier or within 50 feet (15 240 mm) horizontally from the storage area whether or not shielded by a fire barrier.

6004.3.2.1.3 Air intakes. The storage or use area shall not be located within 75 feet (22 860 mm) of air intakes.

6004.3.2.2 Leaking cylinders and tanks. The requirements of Section 6004.2.2.3 shall apply to outdoor cylinders and tanks. Gas cabinets and exhausted enclosures shall be located within or immediately adjacent to outdoor storage or use areas.

6004.3.2.3 Local exhaust for portable tanks. Local exhaust for outdoor portable tanks shall be provided in accordance with the requirements set forth in Section 6004.2.2.4.

6004.3.2.4 Piping and controls—stationary tanks. Piping and controls for outdoor stationary tanks shall be in accordance with the requirements set forth in Section 6004.2.2.5.

6004.3.3 Outdoor storage weather protection for portable tanks and cylinders. Weather protection in accordance with Section 5004.13 shall be provided for portable tanks and cylinders located outdoors and not within gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures. The storage area shall be equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

Exception: An automatic sprinkler system is not required where:
1. All materials under the weather protection structure, including hazardous materials and the containers in which they are stored, are noncombustible.
2. The weather protection structure is located not less than 30 feet (9144 mm) from combustible materials or structures or is separated from such materials or structures using a fire barrier complying with Section 6004.3.2.1.1.
6004.3.4 Outdoor use of cylinders, containers and portable tanks. Cylinders, containers and portable tanks in outdoor use shall be located in gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures and shall comply with Sections 6004.3.4.1 through 6004.3.4.3.

6004.3.4.1 Treatment systems. The treatment system requirements set forth in Section 6004.2.2.7 shall apply to highly toxic or toxic gases located outdoors.

6004.3.4.2 Emergency power. The requirements for emergency power set forth in Section 6004.2.2.8 shall apply to highly toxic or toxic gases located outdoors.

6004.3.4.3 Gas detection system. The gas detection system requirements set forth in Section 6004.2.2.10 shall apply to highly toxic or toxic gases located outdoors.

SECTION 6005—OZONE-GAS GENERATORS

6005.1 Scope. Ozone-gas generators having a maximum ozone-generating capacity of 0.5 pound (0.23 kg) or more over a 24-hour period shall be in accordance with Sections 6005.2 through 6005.6.

Exceptions:
CFC § 6004.3 Medium relevance — show source text
6004.3 Outdoor storage and use. The outdoor storage and use of highly toxic and toxic compressed gases shall be in accordance with Sections 6004.3.1 through 6004.3.4.

6004.3.1 Applicability. The applicability of regulations governing the outdoor storage and use of highly toxic and toxic compressed gases shall be as set forth in Sections 6004.3.1.1 through 6004.3.1.3.

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HIGHLY TOXIC AND TOXIC MATERIALS

6004.3.1.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The outdoor storage or use of highly toxic and toxic gases in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area set forth in Table 5003.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 6001.

6004.3.1.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The outdoor storage or use of highly toxic and toxic gases in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area set forth in Table 5003.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 6001 and 6004.3 and Chapter 50.

6004.3.1.3 Ozone-gas generators. The outdoor use of ozone-gas-generating equipment shall be in accordance with Section 6005.

6004.3.2 General outdoor requirements. The general requirements applicable to the outdoor storage and use of highly toxic and toxic compressed gases shall be in accordance with Sections 6004.3.2.1 through 6004.3.2.4.

6004.3.2.1 Location. Outdoor storage or use of highly toxic or toxic compressed gases shall be located in accordance with Sections 6004.3.2.1.1 through 6004.3.2.1.3.

Exception: Compressed gases located in gas cabinets complying with Sections 5003.8.6 and 6004.1.2 and located 5 feet (1524 mm) or more from buildings and 25 feet (7620 mm) or more from an exit discharge.

6004.3.2.1.1 Distance limitation to exposures. Outdoor storage or use of highly toxic or toxic compressed gases shall not be located within 75 feet (22 860 mm) of a lot line, public street, public alley, public way, exit discharge or building not associated with the manufacture or distribution of such gases, unless all of the following conditions are met:
1. Storage is shielded by a 2-hour fire barrier that interrupts the line of sight between the storage and the exposure.
2. The 2-hour fire barrier shall be located not less than 5 feet (1524 mm) from any exposure.
3. The 2-hour fire barrier shall not have more than two sides at approximately 90-degree (1.57 rad) directions, or three sides with connecting angles of approximately 135 degrees (2.36 rad).
CFC § 1006.2.1 Medium relevance — show source text
Defined 202 Common Path of Egress Travel 202, 1006.2.1, 1018.4, 1030.8, Table 1104.18 Common Use Areas 202, 907.5.2.3.1 Compatibility (Hazardous Materials) (see Incompatible Materials) Compressed Gas Chapter 53 Containers, cylinders, tanks 5303.1 Defined 202 Medical gas 5306 Not otherwise regulated 5307 Permit required 105.5.9 Requirements 5303 Storage 5304 Use and handling 5305 Wiring 5303.8 Compressed Gas Container Defined 202

Compressed Gas System 202 Motor fuel-dispensing facilities 2308 Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) 5301.1 Conflicting Provisions 102.10 Congregate Care Facility (Occupancy Group I) 203.7.1 Congregate Living Facility (Occupancy Group R) 203.9.4 Constantly Attended Location 202, 903.4.2, 907.2.1.1, 907.2.13, 907.2.18.2, 907.2.6, 907.2.7.1.1, 907.3, 907.3.1, 907.5.1, 907.5.1.1, 907.5.2.2, 907.5.2.2.4, 913.4, 914.7.2.1, 914.7.2.2, 5704.2.8.11

Construction and Demolition Fire Safety (see Fire Safety during Construction and Demolition) Construction Documents 106, 202 Construction Equipment, Motorized (see Motorized Construction) Container

Defined 202 Container and Portable Tank Storage 5704.3, Table 5704.3.6.3(4), Table 5704.4.2 Containment Pallets

Flammable and combustible liquids 5704.4.3

Hazardous materials 5004.2.3 Containment System Defined 202 Continuous Gas Detection System (see Gas Detection System, Continuous) Control Areas 202, 5003.8.3 Cooking Appliances, commercial, defined 202 Commercial, automatic sprinkler systems 903.2.11.5 Commercial, fire-extinguishing systems 904.14 Commercial, hoods 606 Commercial, oil storage tank systems 607 Commercial, portable fire extinguishers 906.4 Devices, open-flame 4104.2 Domestic 904.15

Group I-2 904.15 Mobile food trucks 4106
CFC § 5803.1.1.2 Medium relevance — show source text
5803.1.1.2 Aggregate quantity. The aggregate quantities of flammable gases used for maintenance purposes and operation of equipment shall not exceed the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(1).

5803.1.2 Storage containers. Cylinders and pressure vessels for flammable gases shall be designed, constructed, installed, tested and maintained in accordance with Chapter 53.

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FLAMMABLE GASES AND FLAMMABLE CRYOGENIC FLUIDS

5803.1.3 Emergency shutoff. Compressed gas systems conveying flammable gases shall be provided with approved manual or automatic emergency shutoff valves that can be activated at each point of use and at each source.

5803.1.3.1 Shutoff at source. A manual or automatic fail-safe emergency shutoff valve shall be installed on supply piping at the cylinder or bulk source. Manual or automatic cylinder valves are allowed to be used as the required emergency shutoff valve where the source of supply is limited to unmanifolded cylinder sources.

5803.1.3.2 Shutoff at point of use. A manual or automatic emergency shutoff valve shall be installed on the supply piping at the point of use or at a point where the equipment using the gas is connected to the supply system.

5803.1.4 Ignition source control. Ignition sources in areas containing flammable gases in storage or in use shall be controlled in accordance with Section 5003.7.

Exception: Fuel gas systems connected to building service utilities in accordance with the International Fuel Gas Code .

5803.1.4.1 Static-producing equipment. Static-producing equipment located in flammable gas storage areas shall be grounded.

5803.1.4.2 Signs. “No Smoking” signs shall be posted at entrances to rooms and in areas containing flammable gases in accordance with Section 5003.7.1.

5803.1.5 Electrical. Electrical wiring and equipment shall be installed and maintained in accordance with Section 603 and the California Electrical Code.

5803.1.5.1 Bonding of electrically conductive materials and equipment. Exposed noncurrent-carrying metal parts, including metal gas piping systems, that are part of flammable gas supply systems located in a hazardous (electrically classified) location shall be bonded to a grounded conductor in accordance with the provisions of the California Electrical Code.

5803.1.5.2 Static-producing equipment. Static-producing equipment located in flammable gas storage or use areas shall be grounded.

5803.1.6 Liquefied flammable gases and flammable gases in solution. Containers of liquefied flammable gases and flammable gases in solution shall be positioned in the upright position or positioned so that the pressure relief valve is in direct contact with the vapor space of the container.

Exceptions:
1. Containers of flammable gases in solution with a capacity of 1.3 gallons (5 L) or less.
2. Containers of flammable liquefied gases, with a capacity not exceeding 1.3 gallons (5 L), designed to preclude the discharge of liquid from safety relief devices.
CFC § 6004.1.3 Medium relevance — show source text
Alternative fire-extinguishing systems shall not be used.

6004.1.3 Exhausted enclosures. Exhausted enclosures containing highly toxic or toxic compressed gases shall comply with Section 5003.8.5 and the following requirements:
1. The average ventilation velocity at the face of the enclosure shall be not less than 200 feet per minute (1.02 m/s) with not less than 150 feet per minute (0.76 m/s).
2. Exhausted enclosures shall be connected to an exhaust system.
3. Exhausted enclosures shall not be used as the sole means of exhaust for any room or area.
4. Exhausted enclosures required by Section 6004.2 or 6004.3 shall be equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. Alternative fire-extinguishing systems shall not be used.
6004.2 Indoor storage and use. The indoor storage and use of highly toxic or toxic compressed gases shall be in accordance with Sections 6004.2.1 through 6004.2.2.10.3.

6004.2.1 Applicability. The applicability of regulations governing the indoor storage and use of highly toxic and toxic compressed gases shall be as set forth in Sections 6004.2.1.1 through 6004.2.1.3.

6004.2.1.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The indoor storage or use of highly toxic and toxic gases in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area set forth in Table 5003.1.1(2) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003, 6001 and 6004.1.

6004.2.1.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The indoor storage or use of highly toxic and toxic gases in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area set forth in Table 5003.1.1(2) shall be in accordance with Sections 6001, 6004.1, 6004.2 and Chapter 50.

6004.2.1.3 Ozone-gas generators. The indoor use of ozone-gas-generating equipment shall be in accordance with Section 6005.

6004.2.2 General indoor requirements. The general requirements applicable to the indoor storage and use of highly toxic and toxic compressed gases shall be in accordance with Sections 6004.2.2.1 through 6004.2.2.10.3.

6004.2.2.1 Cylinder and tank location. Cylinders shall be located within gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures or gas rooms. Portable and stationary tanks shall be located within gas rooms or exhausted enclosures.

6004.2.2.2 Ventilated areas. The room or area in which gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures are located shall be provided with exhaust ventilation. Gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures shall not be used as the sole means of exhaust for any room or

area.

6004.2.2.3 Leaking cylinders and tanks. One or more gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures shall be provided to handle leaking cylinders, containers or tanks.

Exceptions:
CFC § 6402.1 Medium relevance — show source text
SECTION 6402—DEFINITION

6402.1 Definition. The following term is defined in Chapter 2:

PYROPHORIC.

SECTION 6403—GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

6403.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of pyrophoric materials in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Section 5003.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003, 6401 and 6403.

6403.1.1 Emergency shutoff. Compressed gas systems conveying pyrophoric gases shall be provided with approved manual or automatic emergency shutoff valves that can be activated at each point of use and at each source.

6403.1.1.1 Shutoff at source. An automatic emergency shutoff valve shall be installed on supply piping at the cylinder or bulk source. The shutoff valve shall be operated by a remotely located manually activated shutdown control located not less than 15 feet (4572 mm) from the source of supply. Manual or automatic cylinder valves are allowed to be used as the required emergency shutoff valve where the source of supply is limited to unmanifolded cylinder sources.

6403.1.1.2 Shutoff at point of use. A manual or automatic emergency shutoff valve shall be installed on the supply piping at the point of use or at a point where the equipment using the gas is connected to the supply system.

6403.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of pyrophoric materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Section 5003.1 shall be in accordance with Chapter 50 and this chapter.

SECTION 6404—STORAGE

6404.1 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of pyrophoric materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(1) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003 and 5004 and this chapter.

The storage of silane gas, and gas mixtures with a silane concentration of 1.37 percent or more by volume, shall be in accordance with ANSI/CGA G-13.

6404.1.1 Liquid-tight floor. In addition to the requirements of Section 5004.12, floors of storage areas containing pyrophoric liquids shall be of liquid-tight construction.

6404.1.2 Pyrophoric solids and liquids. Storage of pyrophoric solids and liquids shall be limited to a maximum area of 100 square feet (9.3 m [2] ) per pile. Storage shall not exceed 5 feet (1524 mm) in height. Individual containers shall not be stacked.

Aisles between storage piles shall be not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) in width.

Individual tanks or containers shall not exceed 500 gallons (1893 L) in capacity.

6404.1.3 Pyrophoric gases. Storage of pyrophoric gases shall be in detached buildings where required by Section 5003.8.2.

6404.1.4 Separation from incompatible materials. In addition to the requirements of Section 5003.9.8, indoor storage of pyrophoric materials shall be isolated from incompatible hazardous materials by 1-hour fire barriers with openings protected in accordance with the California Building Code.

Exception: Storage in approved hazardous materials storage cabinets constructed in accordance with Section 5003.8.7.
CFC § 5003.8.6.2 Medium relevance — show source text
5003.8.6.2 Ventilation. Gas cabinets shall be provided with an exhaust ventilation system. The ventilation system for gas cabinets shall be designed to operate at a negative pressure in relation to the surrounding area. Ventilation systems used for highly toxic and toxic gases shall also comply with Items 1, 2 and 3 of Section 6004.1.2. The ventilation system shall be installed in accordance with the California Mechanical Code .

5003.8.6.3 Maximum number of cylinders per gas cabinet. The number of cylinders contained in a single gas cabinet shall not exceed three.

5003.8.7 Hazardous materials storage cabinets. Where storage cabinets are used to increase maximum allowable quantity per control area or to comply with this chapter, such cabinets shall be in accordance with Sections 5003.8.7.1 through 5003.8.7.4.

5003.8.7.1 Construction. The interior of cabinets shall be treated, coated or constructed of materials that are nonreactive with the hazardous material stored. Such treatment, coating or construction shall include the entire interior of the cabinet. Cabinets shall either be listed in accordance with UL 1275 as suitable for the intended storage or constructed in accordance with the following:
1. Cabinets shall be of steel having a thickness of not less than 0.0478 inch (1.2 mm) (No. 18 gage). The cabinet, including the door, shall be double walled with a 1 [1] / 2 -inch (38 mm) airspace between the walls. Joints shall be riveted or welded and shall be tight fitting.
2. The bottoms of cabinets utilized for the storage of liquids shall be liquid tight to a minimum height of 2 inches (51 mm).
5003.8.7.2 Doors. Doors shall be well fitted, self-closing and equipped with a self-latching device.

5003.8.7.3 Electrical. Electrical equipment and devices within cabinets used for the storage of hazardous gases or liquids shall be in accordance with the California Electrical Code.

5003.8.7.4 Warning markings. Cabinets shall be clearly identified in an approved manner with red letters on a contrasting background to read:

HAZARDOUS—KEEP FIRE AWAY

5003.9 General safety precautions. General precautions for the safe storage, handling or care of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Sections 5003.9.1 through 5003.9.10.

5003.9.1 Personnel training and written procedures. Persons responsible for the operation of areas in which hazardous materials are stored, dispensed, handled or used shall be familiar with the chemical nature of the materials and the appropriate mitigating actions necessary in the event of fire, leak or spill.

5003.9.1.1 Fire department liaison. Responsible persons shall be designated and trained to be liaison personnel to the fire department. These persons shall aid the fire department in preplanning emergency responses and identifying the locations where hazardous materials are located, and shall have access to Safety Data Sheets and be knowledgeable in the site’s emergency response procedures.

5003.9.2 Security. Storage, dispensing, use and handling areas shall be secured against unauthorized entry and safeguarded in a manner approved by the fire code official.

CFC § 6.8947 Medium relevance — show source text

For SI units: 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa, 1 inch of mercury vacuum (HgV) = 3.386 kPa

1305.2 Minimum Flow Rates. Medical gas and vacuum systems shall be capable of supplying the flow rates listed in Table 1305.2.

1305.3 Minimum Station Outlets and Inlets. Station outlets and inlets for medical gas and vacuum systems shall be provided as listed in Table 1305.3.

1306.0 System Certification. 1306.1 Certification. Prior to a medical gas or vacuum system being placed in service, such system shall be certified in accordance with Section 1306.2.

1306.2 Certification Tests. Certification tests, verified and attested to by the certification agency, shall include the following:

(1) Verifying in accordance with the installation requirements.

(2) Testing and checking for leakage, correct zoning, and identification of control valves.

(3) Checking for identification and labeling of pipelines, station outlets, and control valves.

(4) Testing for cross-connection, flow rate, system pressure drop, and system performance.

(5) Functional testing of pressure relief valves and safety valves.

(6) Functional testing of sources of supply.

(7) Functional testing of alarm systems, including accuracy of system components.

(8) Purge flushing of system and filling with specific source

gases.

(9) Testing for purity and cleanliness of source gases.

(10)Testing for specific gas identity at each station outlet. 1306.3 Report Items. A report that includes the specific items addressed in Section 1306.2, and other information required by this chapter, shall be delivered to the Authority Having Jurisdiction prior to acceptance of the system. 1306.4 Components. Functioning of alarm components shall be verified in accordance with the testing and monitoring requirements of the manufacturer and the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

TABLE 1305.2

MINIMUM FLOW RATES (cubic feet per minute)

MEDICAL SYSTEM	FLOW RATE
Oxygen	0.71 CFM per outlet1
Nitrous Oxide	0.71 CFM per outlet1
Medical Compressed Air	0.71 CFM per outlet1
Nitrogen	15 CFM free air per outlet
Vacuum	1 SCFM per inlet2
Carbon Dioxide	0.71 CFM per outlet1
Helium	0.71 CFM per outlet

For SI units: 1 cubic foot per minute (CFM) = 0.47 L/s

Frequently asked questions

What exactly counts as “upright” for a cylinder?

Upright means valve end up; the code allows the cylinder axis to be tilted up to 45 degrees from vertical and still be considered upright. See § 5304.1 and § 5305.6.

Can small cylinders be kept horizontal?

Yes—containers with water volume less than 1.3 gallons (5 L) may be stored or used horizontally per the exceptions in § 5304.1 and § 5305.6.

How many cylinders can go in one gas cabinet?

Generally no more than three cylinders per gas cabinet; there is a special allowance of up to 100 cylinders if each cylinder is ≤ 1 lb net contents (see the gas‑cabinet limits and toxic‑gas exceptions referenced in Chapter 50 and Chapter 60).

Do medical gas systems have to follow NFPA 99?

Yes — the CFC requires medical gas systems and equipment be installed, tested and labeled in accordance with NFPA 99; the CFC provides room/cabinet and ventilation requirements but defers many technical installation and testing details to NFPA 99 (§ 5306.5).

Are automatic controls allowed to fail closed/open?

Automatic controls are required to be fail‑safe; the code text requires automatic controls be designed so an automatic failure does not create an unsafe release or feed. Detailed logic (fail‑closed vs fail‑open) is part of competent system design and referenced standards (§ 5305.2).

Where do I find the table of maximum allowable quantities per control area?

The CFC references the maximum allowable quantities tables in Chapter 50 (Table 5003.1.1 series). That table was not fully reproduced in the retrieved excerpts here — consult Chapter 50 / Table 5003.1.1 in the full code for exact MAQ limits.

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Related in the CFC

Aerosol product storage limits, inside storage and excess-storage rooms

Highly toxic / toxic materials and cryogenic fluids: indoor/outdoor limits and gas handling

Unstable (reactive) and water‑reactive materials: control area limits and storage/use safeguards

Material‑specific chapters (compressed gases, aerosols, toxic and reactive materials)

California Fire Code

Compressed gases: upright storage, gas cabinets, medical gases and system controls

What the code requires — 2-4 sentences

Requirements in detail

1) Upright storage and use

2) System design, controls and piping

3) Gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures and ventilation

4) Medical gas systems (installation, rooms, cabinets)

Decision‑relevant dimensions / values (quick reference table)

Exceptions & special cases

Common mistakes

Worked example — clinic storing medical oxygen supply cylinders

Related provisions

Code references

53 COMPRESSED GASES

53 COMPRESSED GASES

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