CFC · California Fire Code
Rules for asphalt kettles and fueled equipment on site
The California Fire Code (CFC) requires asphalt kettles be placed at least 20 feet from combustibles and building openings, have fuel containers 10 feet from burners (2‑ft insulated exception), be attended within 100 feet, and have specified portable extinguishers; fueled equipment is generally prohibited inside buildings except for narrow exceptions (e.g., ≤10 gallons aggregate fuel in a sprinklered building).
Last reviewed: July 6, 2026
What the code requires — 2–4 sentences
The California Fire Code requires that operations with asphalt (tar) kettles follow specific placement, fuel‑container, supervision and fire‑extinguisher rules in § 303. Fuel‑powered equipment (motorized tools, generators, lawn equipment, etc.) must not be stored, operated, or repaired inside buildings except where narrow exceptions apply, per § 313. These are minimums — roofing and construction procedures reference and enforce § 303 from Chapter 33 as well.
The single most important rule: keep operating kettles away from combustibles and people, keep approved extinguishers at hand, and do not bring fueled equipment indoors except where the code explicitly allows it.
Requirements in detail
Where kettles may be located
- Asphalt (tar) kettles must not be located within 20 feet of any combustible material, combustible building surface, or any building opening, and must be placed in a controlled area (traffic cones, barriers, etc.). § 303.2.
- Kettles shall not be used inside or on the roof of a building; roofing kettles are separately addressed and must be noncombustible (see § 303.8). § 303.2, § 303.8.
Fuel containers and pressurized fuel
- Fuel containers must be located not less than 10 feet from the burner. § 303.3.
- Exception: containers that are properly insulated from heat or flame may be within 2 feet of the burner. § 303.3.
- Fuel containers that operate under air pressure are limited to 20 gallons capacity and must be approved. § 303.9.
Supervision and attendants
- An operating kettle must be attended by at least one employee who is knowledgeable of the operations and hazards, who must be within 100 feet and have the kettle within sight. Route between attendant and kettle must not require climbing ladders or similar obstacles. § 303.4.
Fire protection and extinguishers
- There must be a portable fire extinguisher meeting Section 906 requirements with a minimum 40‑B:C rating within 25 feet of each operating asphalt kettle while in use. Additionally, for roof work, one portable extinguisher of at least 3‑A:40‑B:C must be on the roof being covered. § 303.5.
- Tableed cross-reference for extinguisher locations (asphalt kettles are listed in Table 906.1). § 906 (Table reference).
Equipment construction and limits
- Hi‑boys (portable containers) used with asphalt must be noncombustible, limited to 55 gallons capacity, and must not contain fuel sources or heating elements. § 303.7.
- Roofing kettles must be constructed of noncombustible materials. § 303.8.
- Asphalt kettles must have tight‑fitting lids. § 303.6.
Transporting while hot / operating
- Asphalt kettles shall not be transported over public highways/streets when the heat source is operating. Exception: kettles being used for road patching. § 303.1.
Fueled equipment (general rule for buildings)
- Fueled equipment (motorcycles, mopeds, lawn equipment, portable generators, etc.) shall not be stored, operated or repaired within a building. § 313.1.
- Exceptions include: (1) buildings/rooms specifically constructed for such use per the California Building Code; (2) where § 314 allows (indoor displays rules); and (3) approved maintenance storage areas where the aggregate fuel capacity does not exceed 10 gallons and the building is fully sprinklered per § 313.1 (3). § 313.1 (exceptions).
Cross-reference: roofing & construction sites
- Roofing and construction safety provisions require kettles and roofing operations to follow § 303 and require onsite extinguishers for roofing operations (see Chapter 33 / § 3305.10.1 and § 3305.10.2). § 3305.10.1, § 3305.10.2.
Quick decision table (decision‑relevant dimensions / values)
| Decision factor | Required value / limit | Code Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Minimum clearance from combustibles/building openings for asphalt kettles | 20 feet | § 303.2 |
| Minimum distance for fuel containers from burner | 10 feet (or 2 feet if insulated) | § 303.3 |
| Attendant distance / visibility requirement | Attendant within 100 feet, kettle in sight | § 303.4 |
| Portable extinguisher at kettle (ground) | Minimum 40‑B:C within 25 feet | § 303.5 |
| Portable extinguisher on roof during roofing | Minimum 3‑A:40‑B:C on roof | § 303.5 |
| Hi‑boy capacity / construction | Max 55 gallons, noncombustible, no fuel source/heating | § 303.7 |
| Pressurized fuel container capacity | Max 20 gallons, approved | § 303.9 |
| Building storage of fueled equipment (maintenance storage)** | Aggregate fuel ≤ 10 gallons and building fully sprinklered | § 313.1 (Exceptions) |
| Transporting kettle with burner operating | Not allowed (except road patching) | § 303.1 |
(Each row above is grounded in the cited CFC sections.)
Exceptions & special cases
- Transport exception: kettles may be transported with the heat source operating when being used for road patching. § 303.1 (Exception).
- Fuel containers insulated from heat/flame may be as close as 2 feet to the burner (otherwise 10 feet). § 303.3 (Exception).
- Indoor storage/operation of fueled equipment is allowed in rooms built for that purpose per the Building Code, or for indoor displays subject to § 314 limitations (tank fill limits, disabling ignition, etc.). § 313.1 (exceptions) and § 314.
- The authority having jurisdiction (the fire code official) may require removal of fueled equipment from locations deemed hazardous. § 313.1.1.
If you need interpretations beyond these explicit rules (for example, what counts as “properly insulated” or approvals required for pressurized containers), the fire code official’s approval is required and local enforcement practice may add conditions; those specifics are not detailed in the cited § 303 text.
Common mistakes
- Placing kettles closer than 20 feet to combustibles, openings, or building faces. (Violates § 303.2.)
- Storing fuel containers within 10 feet of the burner without using the listed insulation exception. (Violates § 303.3.)
- Allowing kettles to block means of egress, gates, roadways, or entrances. (Prohibited by § 303.2.)
- Not having a trained attendant within 100 feet and in sight of the kettle. (Violates § 303.4.)
- Using hi‑boys that are combustible, exceed 55 gallons, or include fuel/heat sources. (Violates § 303.7.)
- Storing/operating powered equipment inside buildings without meeting the narrow exceptions (sprinklered storage ≤ 10 gallons, specially built rooms). (Violates § 313.1.)
- Transporting a kettle with the heat source operating (except for road patching). (Violates § 303.1.)
Worked example — roofing crew scenario (numbers applied)
Scenario: A roofing contractor using an operating asphalt kettle to apply roofing material at a 2‑story house.
- Placement: The house has a stack of combustible landscaping mulch 12 ft from the driveway. You must place the kettle so it is ≥ 20 ft from that mulch and any building openings. Since 12 ft < 20 ft, the kettle must be moved farther away or the mulch removed/relocated. § 303.2.
- Fuel container: A 15‑gallon (liquid) fuel can is on site. It must be located ≥ 10 ft from the burner unless the can is properly insulated from heat or flame and approved to be within 2 ft. If not insulated, move fuel can to ≥ 10 ft. § 303.3.
- Attendant: Assign at least one trained attendant who remains within 100 ft and maintains sight line to the kettle (do not route them so they must climb ladders to reach the kettle). § 303.4.
- Extinguishers: Place a 40‑B:C extinguisher on the ground within 25 ft of the kettle. Place a 3‑A:40‑B:C extinguisher on the roof where the asphalt is being applied. § 303.5.
- Hi‑boy/fuel pressure: If the crew wants to use a pressurized fuel container, ensure it is approved and ≤ 20 gallons; hi‑boys must be noncombustible and ≤ 55 gallons. § 303.7, § 303.9.
If all the above are met (kettle placed ≥ 20 ft from combustibles, fuel can ≥ 10 ft or insulated, attendant in place, extinguishers staged), the crew is in compliance with the cited roofing/kettle provisions.
Related provisions
- § 303 — Asphalt kettles (primary controlling section).
- § 313 — Fueled equipment (storage/operation inside buildings).
- § 3305.10.1 — Safeguarding roofing operations; references operation per § 303.
- § 3305.10.2 — Fire extinguishers for roofing operations (roof extinguisher requirement).
- § 906 — Portable fire extinguishers (ratings and where required; Table 906.1 lists asphalt kettles).
- § 314 — Indoor displays and the limited exceptions for vehicles/equipment inside buildings.
Code references
Grounded in the retrieved California Fire Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:
CFC § 5.33 High relevance — show source text
(b) All combustible waste material and rubbish shall be stored in approved containers or shall be stored in a manner approved by the enforcing agency as being consistent with standard fire prevention practices until such waste material and rubbish is removed from the premises or otherwise disposed of in a proper manner. (1) Containers with a capacity exceeding 5.33 cubic feet (40 gallons) (0.15 m [3] ) shall comply with the provisions of California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 9, Section 304.3.
(2) Wastebaskets and linen containers in Group I-2 and I-3 occupancies shall comply with the provisions of California Code of Regula- tions Title 24, Part 9, Section 808.
(c) Approved self-closing metal containers or listed disposal containers by an approved testing or listing agency shall be provided and maintained in all rooms or locations where oily rags, oily waste, paint rags or similar materials subject to spontaneous ignition are used or are stored temporarily. Such containers shall be emptied daily.
(d) Ashes shall not be placed in, on or near combustible material, but shall be placed in approved metal containers, until removed from the premises or otherwise properly disposed of.
(e) No dry vegetation shall be permitted to exist within 20 feet of any building or occupancies subject to California Code of Regula- tions, Title 19, Division 1 regulations.
(f) Except when permitted by the enforcing agency, boiler rooms, mechanical rooms, transformer and switchgear vaults and electri- cal panel rooms, shall not be used for storage.
(g) Electric motors, filters on heating equipment and grease hoods shall be checked periodically and kept clean and maintained in a safe operating condition.
301.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.5 for the activities or uses regulated by Sections 306, 307, 308, 315, 320, 321 and 322 .
2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 3-3
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
SECTION 302—DEFINITIONS
302.1 Definitions. The following terms are defined in Chapter 2:
3D PRINTER.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING.
BONFIRE.
HI-BOY.
HIGH-VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINE.
OPEN BURNING.
PORTABLE OUTDOOR FIREPLACE.
POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCK.
RECREATIONAL FIRE.
SKY LANTERN.
VALET TRASH COLLECTION.
SECTION 303—ASPHALT KETTLES
303.1 Transporting. Asphalt (tar) kettles shall not be transported over any highway, road or street when the heat source for the kettle is operating.
Exception: Asphalt (tar) kettles in the process of patching road surfaces.
303.2 Location. Asphalt (tar) kettles shall not be located within 20 feet (6096 mm) of any combustible material, combustible building surface or any building opening and within a controlled area identified by the use of traffic cones, barriers or other approved means. Asphalt (tar) kettles and pots shall not be utilized inside or on the roof of a building or structure. Roofing kettles and operating asphalt (tar) kettles shall not block means of egress, gates, roadways or entrances.
CFC § 2-5 High relevance — show source text
CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
201 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5
202 General Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5
203 Occupancy Classification and Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-40
CHAPTER 3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
301 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3
302 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4
303 Asphalt Kettles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4 304 Combustible Waste Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4
305 Ignition Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6 306 Motion Picture Projection Rooms and Film . . . . . . . . .3-7 307 Open Burning, Recreational Fires and Portable Outdoor Fireplaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-7 308 Open Flames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-7 309 Powered Industrial Trucks and Equipment . . . . . . . . .3-9 310 Smoking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10 311 Vacant Premises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
312 Vehicle Impact Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12 313 Fueled Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12 314 Indoor Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12 315 General Storage .
CFC § 3108.12.1 High relevance — show source text
3108.12.1 Installation. Heating or cooking equipment, tanks, piping, hoses, fittings, valves, tubing and other related components shall be installed as specified in the International Fuel Gas Code and the California Mechanical Code, and shall be approved by the fire code official.
3108.12.2 Venting. Gas, liquid and solid fuel-burning equipment designed to be vented shall be vented to the outside air as specified in the International Fuel Gas Code and the California Mechanical Code . Such vents shall be equipped with approved spark arresters where required. Where vents or flues are used, all portions of the tent or membrane structure shall be not less than 12 inches (305 mm) from the flue or vent.
3108.12.3 Location. Cooking and heating equipment shall not be located within 10 feet (3048 mm) of exits or combustible materials.
3108.13 Flammable and combustible liquids. The storage of flammable and combustible liquids and the use of flammable-liquidfueled equipment shall be in accordance with Sections 3108.13.1 through 3108.13.3.
3108.13.1 Use. Flammable-liquid-fueled equipment shall not be used in tents or membrane structures.
3108.13.2 Flammable and combustible liquid storage. Flammable and combustible liquids shall be stored outside in an approved manner not less than 50 feet (15 240 mm) from tents or membrane structures. Storage shall be in accordance with Chapter 57.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §324.(a) and (b)] Flammable and Combustible Liquids.
(a) Liquids having a flash point below 200°F shall not be stored in any tent nor less than 50 feet from any tent.
(b) Flammable or combustible liquids shall be stored and dispensed in accordance with the provisions of the California Fire Code. The enforcing authority may permit limited quantities of flammable or combustible liquids required for display and normal merchandising.
3108.13.3 Refueling. Refueling shall be performed in an approved location not less than 20 feet (6096 mm) from tents or membrane structures.
3108.14 Display of motor vehicles. Liquid- and gas-fueled vehicles and equipment used for display within tents or membrane structures shall be in accordance with Sections 3108.14.1 through 3108.14.5.3.
3108.14.1 Batteries. Batteries shall be disconnected except where the fire code official requires that the batteries remain connected to maintain safety features.
3108.14.2 Fuel. Vehicles or equipment shall not be fueled or defueled within the tent or membrane structure.
3108.14.2.1 Quantity limit. Fuel in the fuel tank shall not exceed one-quarter of the tank capacity or 5 gallons (19 L), whichever is less.
3108.14.2.2 Inspection. Fuel systems shall be inspected for leaks.
3108.14.2.3 Closure. Fuel tank openings shall be locked and sealed to prevent the escape of vapors.
3108.14.3 Location. The location of vehicles or equipment shall not obstruct means of egress.
CFC § 301.2 High relevance — show source text
301.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.5 for the activities or uses regulated by Sections 306, 307, 308, 315, 320, 321 and 322 .
2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 3-3
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
SECTION 302—DEFINITIONS
302.1 Definitions. The following terms are defined in Chapter 2:
3D PRINTER.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING.
BONFIRE.
HI-BOY.
HIGH-VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINE.
OPEN BURNING.
PORTABLE OUTDOOR FIREPLACE.
POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCK.
RECREATIONAL FIRE.
SKY LANTERN.
VALET TRASH COLLECTION.
SECTION 303—ASPHALT KETTLES
303.1 Transporting. Asphalt (tar) kettles shall not be transported over any highway, road or street when the heat source for the kettle is operating.
Exception: Asphalt (tar) kettles in the process of patching road surfaces.
303.2 Location. Asphalt (tar) kettles shall not be located within 20 feet (6096 mm) of any combustible material, combustible building surface or any building opening and within a controlled area identified by the use of traffic cones, barriers or other approved means. Asphalt (tar) kettles and pots shall not be utilized inside or on the roof of a building or structure. Roofing kettles and operating asphalt (tar) kettles shall not block means of egress, gates, roadways or entrances.
303.3 Location of fuel containers. Fuel containers shall be located not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) from the burner.
Exception: Containers properly insulated from heat or flame are allowed to be within 2 feet (610 mm) of the burner.
303.4 Attendant. An operating kettle shall be attended by not less than one employee knowledgeable of the operations and hazards. The employee shall be within 100 feet (30 480 mm) of the kettle and have the kettle within sight. Ladders or similar obstacles shall not form a part of the route between the attendant and the kettle.
303.5 Fire extinguishers. There shall be a portable fire extinguisher complying with Section 906 and with a minimum 40-B:C rating within 25 feet (7620 mm) of each asphalt (tar) kettle during the period such kettle is being utilized. Additionally, there shall be one portable fire extinguisher with a minimum 3-A:40-B:C rating on the roof being covered.
303.6 Lids. Asphalt (tar) kettles shall be equipped with tight-fitting lids.
303.7 Hi-boys. Hi-boys shall be constructed of noncombustible materials. Hi-boys shall be limited to a capacity of 55 gallons (208 L). Fuel sources or heating elements shall not be allowed as part of a hi-boy.
303.8 Roofing kettles. Roofing kettles shall be constructed of noncombustible materials.
303.9 Fuel containers under air pressure. Fuel containers that operate under air pressure shall not exceed 20 gallons (76 L) in capacity and shall be approved.
SECTION 304—COMBUSTIBLE WASTE MATERIAL
CFC § 3305.6 High relevance — show source text
3305.6 Electrical. Temporary wiring for electrical power and lighting installations used in connection with the construction, alteration or demolition of buildings, structures, equipment or similar activities shall comply with the California Electrical Code .
3305.7 Cooking. Cooking shall be prohibited except in approved designated cooking areas separated from combustible materials by a minimum of 10 feet (3048 mm). Signs with a minimum letter height of 3 inches (76 mm) and a minimum brush stroke of [1] / 2 inch (13 mm) shall be posted in conspicuous locations in designated cooking areas and state:
DESIGNATED COOKING AREA
COOKING OUTSIDE OF A DESIGNATED
COOKING AREA IS PROHIBITED
3305.8 Portable generators. Portable generators used at construction and demolition sites shall comply with Section 1204.
3305.9 Hot work operations. The site safety director shall ensure hot work operations and permit procedures are in accordance with Chapter 35.
3305.10 Safeguarding roofing operations. Roofing operations utilizing heat-producing systems or other ignition sources shall be conducted in accordance with Sections 3305.10.1 and 3305.10.2 and Chapter 35.
3305.10.1 Asphalt and tar kettles. Asphalt and tar kettles shall be operated in accordance with Section 303.
3305.10.2 Fire extinguishers for roofing operations. Fire extinguishers shall comply with Section 906. There shall be not less than one multiple-purpose portable fire extinguisher with a minimum 3-A 40-B:C rating on the roof being covered or repaired.
SECTION 3306—FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS AND DEVICES
3306.1 Fire protection devices. The site safety director shall ensure that all fire protection equipment is maintained and serviced in accordance with this code. Fire protection equipment shall be inspected in accordance with the fire protection program.
3306.2 Impairment of fire protection systems. The site safety director shall ensure impairments to any fire protection system are in accordance with Section 901.
3306.3 Smoke detectors and smoke alarms. Smoke detectors and smoke alarms located in an area where airborne construction dust is expected shall be covered to prevent exposure to dust or shall be temporarily removed. Smoke detectors and alarms that were removed shall be replaced upon conclusion of dust-producing work. Smoke detectors and smoke alarms that were covered shall be inspected and cleaned, as necessary, upon conclusion of dust-producing work.
2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 33-5
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
FIRE SAFETY DURING CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION
3306.4 Temporary covering of fire protection devices. Coverings placed on or over fire protection devices to protect them from damage during construction processes shall be immediately removed upon the completion of the construction processes in the room or area in which the devices are installed.
3306.5 Automatic sprinkler system. In buildings where an automatic sprinkler system is required by this code or the California Building Code, it shall be unlawful to occupy any portion of a building or structure until the automatic sprinkler system installation has been tested and approved, except as provided in Section 105.3.4.
CFC § 3305.1 High relevance — show source text
3305.1 Listed. Temporary heating devices shall be listed and labeled. The installation, maintenance and use of temporary heating devices shall be in accordance with the listing and the manufacturer’s instructions.
3305.1.1 Oil-fired heaters. Oil-fired heaters shall comply with Section 605.
3305.1.2 LP-gas heaters. Fuel supplies for liquefied-petroleum gas-fired heaters shall comply with Chapter 61 and the Interna- tional Fuel Gas Code .
3305.1.3 Refueling. Refueling operations for liquid-fueled equipment or appliances shall be conducted in accordance with Section 5705. The equipment or appliance shall be allowed to cool prior to refueling.
3305.1.4 Installation. Clearance to combustibles from temporary heating devices shall be maintained in accordance with the labeled equipment. When in operation, temporary heating devices shall be fixed in place and protected from damage, dislodgement or overturning in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
3305.1.5 Supervision. The use of temporary heating devices shall be supervised and maintained only by competent personnel.
3305.2 Smoking. Smoking shall be prohibited except in approved areas. Signs shall be posted in accordance with Section 310. In approved areas where smoking is permitted, approved ashtrays shall be provided in accordance with Section 310.
3305.3 Burning of combustible debris, rubbish and waste. Combustible debris, rubbish and waste material shall not be disposed of by burning on the site unless approved.
3305.4 Open burning. Open burning shall comply with Section 307.
3305.5 Cutting and welding. Welding, cutting, open torches and other hot work operations and equipment shall comply with Chapter 35.
3305.6 Electrical. Temporary wiring for electrical power and lighting installations used in connection with the construction, alteration or demolition of buildings, structures, equipment or similar activities shall comply with the California Electrical Code .
3305.7 Cooking. Cooking shall be prohibited except in approved designated cooking areas separated from combustible materials by a minimum of 10 feet (3048 mm). Signs with a minimum letter height of 3 inches (76 mm) and a minimum brush stroke of [1] / 2 inch (13 mm) shall be posted in conspicuous locations in designated cooking areas and state:
DESIGNATED COOKING AREA
COOKING OUTSIDE OF A DESIGNATED
COOKING AREA IS PROHIBITED
3305.8 Portable generators. Portable generators used at construction and demolition sites shall comply with Section 1204.
3305.9 Hot work operations. The site safety director shall ensure hot work operations and permit procedures are in accordance with Chapter 35.
3305.10 Safeguarding roofing operations. Roofing operations utilizing heat-producing systems or other ignition sources shall be conducted in accordance with Sections 3305.10.1 and 3305.10.2 and Chapter 35.
3305.10.1 Asphalt and tar kettles. Asphalt and tar kettles shall be operated in accordance with Section 303.
3305.10.2 Fire extinguishers for roofing operations. Fire extinguishers shall comply with Section 906. There shall be not less than one multiple-purpose portable fire extinguisher with a minimum 3-A 40-B:C rating on the roof being covered or repaired.
SECTION 3306—FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS AND DEVICES
CFC § 303.3 Medium relevance — show source text
303.3 Location of fuel containers. Fuel containers shall be located not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) from the burner.
Exception: Containers properly insulated from heat or flame are allowed to be within 2 feet (610 mm) of the burner.
303.4 Attendant. An operating kettle shall be attended by not less than one employee knowledgeable of the operations and hazards. The employee shall be within 100 feet (30 480 mm) of the kettle and have the kettle within sight. Ladders or similar obstacles shall not form a part of the route between the attendant and the kettle.
303.5 Fire extinguishers. There shall be a portable fire extinguisher complying with Section 906 and with a minimum 40-B:C rating within 25 feet (7620 mm) of each asphalt (tar) kettle during the period such kettle is being utilized. Additionally, there shall be one portable fire extinguisher with a minimum 3-A:40-B:C rating on the roof being covered.
303.6 Lids. Asphalt (tar) kettles shall be equipped with tight-fitting lids.
303.7 Hi-boys. Hi-boys shall be constructed of noncombustible materials. Hi-boys shall be limited to a capacity of 55 gallons (208 L). Fuel sources or heating elements shall not be allowed as part of a hi-boy.
303.8 Roofing kettles. Roofing kettles shall be constructed of noncombustible materials.
303.9 Fuel containers under air pressure. Fuel containers that operate under air pressure shall not exceed 20 gallons (76 L) in capacity and shall be approved.
SECTION 304—COMBUSTIBLE WASTE MATERIAL
304.1 Waste accumulation prohibited. Combustible waste material creating a fire hazard shall not be allowed to accumulate in buildings or structures or upon premises.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.07(a)] Clearances.
(a) General. No combustible material shall be placed or stored within 10 feet of any building or structure.
304.1.1 Valet trash. Valet trash collection shall be permitted only where approved. The owner and valet trash collection service provider shall comply with the rules and limitations established by the jurisdiction.
304.1.2 Waste material. Accumulations of wastepaper, wood, hay, straw, weeds, litter or combustible or flammable waste or rubbish of any type shall not be permitted to remain on a roof or in any court, yard, vacant lot, alley, parking lot, open space, or beneath a grandstand, bleacher, pier, wharf, manufactured home, recreational vehicle or other similar structure.
304.1.3 Vegetation. Weeds, grass, vines or other growth that is capable of being ignited and endangering property, shall be cut down and removed by the owner or occupant of the premises. Vegetation clearance requirements in wildland-urban interface areas shall be in accordance with Chapter 49.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.07(b)] Clearances.
(b) Ground Clearance. The space surrounding every building or structure shall be maintained in accordance with the following:
3-4 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
CFC § 312.3 Medium relevance — show source text
312.3 Other barriers. Barriers, other than posts specified in Section 312.2, that are designed to resist, deflect or visually deter vehicular impact commensurate with an anticipated impact scenario shall be permitted where approved.
SECTION 313—FUELED EQUIPMENT
313.1 General. Fueled equipment including, but not limited to, motorcycles, mopeds, lawn-care equipment and portable generators shall not be stored, operated or repaired within a building.
Exceptions:
- Buildings or rooms constructed for such use in accordance with the California Building Code .
- Where allowed by Section 314.
- Storage of equipment utilized for maintenance purposes is allowed in approved locations where the aggregate fuel capacity of the stored equipment does not exceed 10 gallons (38 L) and the building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
313.1.1 Removal. The fire code official is authorized to require removal of fueled equipment from locations where the presence of such equipment is determined by the fire code official to be hazardous.
313.2 Group R occupancies. Vehicles powered by flammable liquids, Class II combustible liquids or compressed flammable gases shall not be stored within the living space of Group R buildings.
SECTION 314—INDOOR DISPLAYS
314.1 General. Indoor displays constructed within any occupancy shall comply with Sections 314.2 through 314.4.
314.2 Fixtures and displays. Fixtures and displays of goods for sale to the public shall be arranged so as to maintain free, immediate and unobstructed access to exits as required by Chapter 10.
314.3 Highly combustible goods. The display of highly combustible goods, including but not limited to fireworks, flammable or combustible liquids, liquefied flammable gases, oxidizing materials, pyroxylin plastics and agricultural goods, in main exit access aisles, corridors, covered and open malls, or within 5 feet (1524 mm) of entrances to exits and exterior exit doors is prohibited where a fire involving such goods would rapidly prevent or obstruct egress.
314.4 Vehicles. Liquid-fueled or gaseous-fueled vehicles, aircraft, boats or other motorcraft shall not be located indoors except as follows:
- The engine starting system is made inoperable or ignition batteries are disconnected except where the fire code official requires that the batteries remain connected to maintain safety features.
- Fuel in fuel tanks does not exceed any of the following: 2.1. Class I, II and III liquid fuel does not exceed one-quarter tank or 5 gallons (19 L), whichever is less. 2.2. LP gas does not exceed one-quarter tank or 6.6 gallons (25 L), whichever is less. 2.3. CNG does not exceed one-quarter tank or 630 cubic feet (17.8 m [3] ), whichever is less. 2.4. Hydrogen does not exceed one-quarter tank or 2,000 cubic feet (57 m [3] ), whichever is less.
- Fuel tanks and fill openings are closed and sealed to prevent tampering.
- Vehicles, aircraft, boats or other motorcraft equipment are not fueled or defueled within the building.
SECTION 315—GENERAL STORAGE
315.1 General. Storage shall be in accordance with Sections 315.2 through 315.6. Outdoor pallet storage shall be in accordance with Sections 315.2 and 315.7.
CFC § 3.14 Medium relevance — show source text
Title 19, Division 1]||||X|||||||||||||||||||| |Chapter / Section|||||||||||||||||||||||| |301|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |[T-19 §3.14]||||X|||||||||||||||||||| |[T-19 §3.19 (a-g)]||||X|||||||||||||||||||| |302|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |304|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |[T-19 §3.07(a)]||||X|||||||||||||||||||| |[T-19 §3.07(b)]||||X|||||||||||||||||||| |[T-19 §3.19 (b)(c)]||||X|||||||||||||||||||| |308.1.1|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |[T-19 §3.25 (a)(b)]||||X|||||||||||||||||||| |308.5|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |310.2|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |[T-19 §3.32 (a)(b)]||||X|||||||||||||||||||| |[T-19 §3.32 (d)]||||X|||||||||||||||||||| |310.3|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |[T-19 §3.32 (c)]||||X|||||||||||||||||||| |312 - 316|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |[T-19 §3.05 (b)]||||X|||||||||||||||||||| |317|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |319 - 322|||X||||||||||||||||||||| |323|||X|||||||||||||||||||||- The California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 19, Division 1 provisions that are found in the California Fire Code are a reprint from the current CCR, Title 19, Division 1 text for the code user’s convenience only. The scope, applicability and appeals procedures of CCR, Title 19, Division I remain the same. The state agency does not adopt sections identified by the following symbol: The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to Section 1.11.
2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 3-1
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3-2 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE
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PART II— GENERAL SAFETY PROVISIONS
3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
User notes:
About this chapter: Chapter 3 provides general requirements for asphalt kettles, combustible waste material, ignition sources, motion picture projection rooms and film, open burning, recreational fires, portable outdoor fireplaces, open flames, powered industrial trucks and equipment, smoking, vacant premises, vehicle impact protection, fueled equipment, indoor displays, general storage, outdoor pallet storage, hazards to firefighters, landscaped roofs, laundry carts, mobile food preparation vehicles, additive manufacturing (3D printing) and artificial combustible vegetation. These are intended to improve premises safety for everyone, including construction workers, tenants, operations and maintenance personnel, and emergency response personnel.
SECTION 301—GENERAL
301.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the occupancy and maintenance of all structures and premises for precautions against fire and the spread of fire and general requirements of fire safety.
CFC § 905.10 Medium relevance — show source text
[F] 905.10 During construction. Standpipe systems required during construction and demolition operations shall be provided in accordance with Section 3311.
[F] 905.11 Locking standpipe outlet caps. The fire code official is authorized to require locking caps on the outlets on standpipes where the responding fire department carries key wrenches for the removal that are compatible with locking FDC connection caps.
SECTION 906—PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
[F] 906.1 Where required. Portable fire extinguishers shall be installed in all of the following locations:
- In Group A, B, E, F, H, I, L, M, R-1, R-2, R-2.1, R-2.2, R.3.1, R-4 and S occupancies. Exception: In Group R-2 occupancies, portable fire extinguishers shall be required only in locations specified in Items 2 through 6 where each dwelling unit is provided with a portable fire extinguisher having a minimum rating of 1-A:10-B:C.
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FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS
Within 30 feet (9144 mm) distance of travel from commercial cooking equipment and from domestic cooking equipment in Group R-2 college dormitory occupancies.
In areas where flammable or combustible liquids are stored, used or dispensed.
On each floor of structures under construction, except Group R-3 occupancies, in accordance with Section 3315.1 of the California Fire Code .
Where required by the California Fire Code sections indicated in Table 906.1.
Special-hazard areas, including but not limited to laboratories, computer rooms and generator rooms, where required by the fire code official.
7. Large and small family day-care homes shall be equipped with a portable fire extinguisher having a minimum 2A:10B:C rating. 8. Where required by California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 3. 9. Within 30 feet (9144 mm) of domestic cooking equipment located in a Group I-2.
[F] TABLE 906.1—ADDITIONAL REQUIRED PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS IN THE CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE Col2 IFC SECTION SUBJECT 303.5 Asphalt kettles 307.5 Open burning 308.1.3 Open flames—torches 309.4 Powered industrial trucks 1204.10 Portable Generators 2005.2 Aircraft towing vehicles 2005.3 Aircraft welding apparatus 2005.4 Aircraft fuel-servicing tank vehicles 2005.5 Aircraft hydrant fuel-servicing vehicles 2005.6 Aircraft fuel-dispensing stations 2007.7 Heliports and helistops 2108.4 Dry cleaning plants 2305.5 Motor fuel-dispensing facilities 2310.6.4 Marine motor fuel-dispensing facilities 2311.6 Repair garages 2404.6.1 Spray-finishing operations 2405.4.2 Dip-tank operations 2406.4. CFC § 907.2.13.2 Medium relevance — show source text
907.2.13.2 Fire Department Connections 903.3.7, 905.2, 912 Fire Department Master Key Defined 202 Fire Department Notification
[see Notification (of fire department)] Fire Department Operations 104.11, 401.4 Fire Detector, Automatic Defined 202 Fire Door Assembly Defined 202 Fire Drill (see Emergency Evacuation Drill) Fire Equipment, Tampering with 901.8 Fire Escape Stairways 1104.16 Fire Exit Hardware 1010.2.8
Defined 202 Fire Extinguishers, Portable 906 Asphalt kettles 303.5 Aviation facilities 2005 Buildings under construction or demolition 3316 Commercial cooking equipment 906.4 Dry cleaning plants 2108.4 Flammable finishes 2404.6.1, 2405.4.2, 2406.4.2 Lumber yards 2804.2, 2808.8 Fire Flow for Buildings 507, 3307, Appendix B Fire Hydrant Distribution Appendix C Location Appendix C Obstruction 507.5.4
Permit 105.5.17, 105.5.43, 105.6.19 Standpipe system 507.5.1.1 Tampering 901.8 Testing 507.5.2, 901.5 Fire Investigations 104.10
Fire Partition
Defined 202
Maintenance 01.2
Fire Point
Defined 202 Fire Protection Equipment 509 Fire Protection Rating Defined 202 Fire Protection System Chapter 9 Hybrid fire-extinguishing system 202, 904.12
Noncompliant conditions Appendix I Nonrequired 901.4.2 Out of service 901.7 Owner’s responsibility during construction or demolition 3303
Permit 105.6.1, 105.6.20, 105.6.24, 105.6.5, 105.6.7, 105.6.8 Fire Pump Rooms 901.4.7, 913.2.1, 1008.3.3 Fire Pumps 105.6.8, 913 Fire Records 104.7.3
Fire Resistance
Defined 202 Fire Safety during Construction and Demolition Chapter 33 Access for firefighting 3307 Automatic sprinkler systems 3306.5 Cooking 3305.7 Daily fire safety inspections 3303.3 Explosive materials 3309.3 Fire reporting 3303.6 Fire watch 3303.5 Flammable gas 3309.2 Ignition source control 3305 Portable fire extinguishers 3305.10.2, 3306.6 Safeguarding roofing operations 3305.10 Site safety plan 3303 Standpipes 3307.5 Temporary heating 3305.1 Fire Safety Functions 907.3 Defined 202 Fire Safety Plans 404, 3404.5 Lithium-ion and lithium metal batteries
403.10.6 Fire Separation Distance 202 Fire Service Elevator Keys (see Keys, Fire Service Elevator) Fire Service Features Chapter 5 Fire Wall
Defined 202
Maintenance 701.2
CFC § 304.8 Medium relevance — show source text
For SI units: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa
1112.12.5 Simultaneous Operation. When outlets of two or more relief devices or fusible plugs, which are
TABLE 1112.12.4
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE AT NOMINAL INSTALLATION ELEVATION ( Pa )
[ASHRAE 15: TABLE 9-2]
For SI units: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa
244 2025 CALIFORNIA MECHANICAL CODE
), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.
REFRIGERATION
1113.2 Type of Protection. Pressure vessels with an internal gross volume of 3 cubic feet (0.1 m [3] ) or less shall use one or more pressure relief devices or a fusible plug. Pressure vessels of more than 3 cubic feet (0.1 m [3] ) but less than 10 cubic feet (0.28 m [3] ) internal gross volume shall use one or more pressure relief devices. Fusible plugs shall not be used.
[ASHRAE 15:9.7.2.1, 9.7.2.2]
1113.3 Discharging into Lowside of System. For pressure-relief valves discharging into the lowside of the system, a single relief valve (not rupture member) of the required relieving capacity shall not be used on vessels of 10 cubic feet (0.28 m [3] ) or more internal gross volume except under the conditions permitted in Section 1112.11.3. [ASHRAE 15:9.7.3]
1113.4 Parallel Pressure-Relief Devices. Two or more
pressure-relief devices in parallel to obtain the required capacity shall be considered as one pressure-relief device. The discharge capacity shall be the sum of the capacities required for each pressure vessel being protected.
1113.5 Discharge Capacity. The minimum required discharge capacity of the pressure-relief device or fusible plug for a pressure vessel shall be determined in accordance with ASHRAE 15.
1113.6 Three-Way Valve. Pressure vessels of 10 cubic feet (0.28 m [3] ) or more internal gross volume shall use one or more rupture member(s) or dual pressure-relief valves where discharging to the atmosphere. Dual pressure-relief valves shall be installed with a three-way valve to allow testing or repair. Where dual relief valves are used, the valve shall comply with Section 1113.5.
Exception: A single relief valve shall be permitted on pressure vessels of 10 cubic feet (0.28 m [3] ) or more internal gross volume where in accordance with the following conditions:
(1) The relief valves are located on the lowside of the sys tem.
(2) The vessel is provided with shutoff valves designed to allow pumpdown of the refrigerant charge of the pressure vessel.
(3) Other pressure vessels in the system are separately protected in accordance with Section 1113.1. [ASHRAE 15:9.7.2.3]
1114.0 Special Discharge Requirements.
Frequently asked questions
Who enforces these rules on my jobsite?
The local fire code official (authority having jurisdiction) enforces the California Fire Code and can require removal or corrective action where hazards are found. § 313.1.1 authorizes removal of hazardous fueled equipment locations.
Can we refuel the kettle while it is hot or running?
No — fuel containers must meet the separation requirements from burners; refueling while the heat source is operating risks violating the fuel‑container separation and other safety rules. The code requires fuel containers be located not less than 10 feet from the burner (unless insulated). § 303.3.
May we store a small push mower inside a maintenance room?
Only if the room/building is approved for that use or the aggregate fuel capacity of stored maintenance equipment is ≤ 10 gallons and the building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system, per § 313.1 exception.
Is an attendant required for every kettle?
Yes — at least one knowledgeable employee must attend an operating kettle, stay within 100 feet and keep the kettle in sight. § 303.4.
What extinguisher sizes are required?
A ground extinguisher of at least 40‑B:C within 25 feet of each kettle, and for roofing work an extinguisher on the roof of at least 3‑A:40‑B:C, per § 303.5 and Table 906.1.
More in California Fire Code
- Administration and Definitions
- General Requirements and Emergency Planning
- Fire Service Features and Fire Department Access
- Referenced Standards and Adoptable Appendices (Chapter 80; Appendices A–Q)
- Fire and Smoke Protection Features (fire‑resistance, barriers)
- Interior Finish, Decorative Materials and Furnishings
- Fire Protection and Life‑Safety Systems (sprinklers, alarms, smoke control)
- Means of Egress (exit design and maintenance)
- Construction Requirements for Existing Buildings (retrofit rules)
- Energy Systems and Stationary Energy Storage (ESS)
- Special Occupancies and Operations (chapters 20–41, 48–49)
- Hazardous Materials — Storage, Use and Handling (Chapters 50–67)
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