CFC · California Fire Code
Hydrant/FDC proximity for standpipe and FDC connections
If your building requires a standpipe, the California Fire Code requires a fire hydrant to be located within 100 feet of the standpipe fire department connection (FDC) unless the fire code official approves a different arrangement; measure distances along the approved exterior route and ensure FDC/hydrant access, clearances and interior hose‑reach per §§ 507.5.1.1 and 905.
Last reviewed: July 6, 2026
What the code requires — plain English
Buildings that are required to have a standpipe must have a fire hydrant located close enough to allow the fire department to pump into the building fire department connection (FDC) for the standpipe. The controlling rule is § 507.5.1.1, which requires a hydrant within 100 feet of the FDC (unless the fire code official approves otherwise). § 905 contains the standpipe installation and hose‑reach requirements that make the hydrant/FDC proximity meaningful for firefighting operations.
The single most important rule: if you have a required standpipe, provide a hydrant within 100 feet of the FDC measured along an approved route so fire department apparatus can effectively pump into the standpipe. § 507.5.1.1
Requirements in detail
Core proximity requirement
- The mandatory proximity requirement is: hydrant within 100 feet of the FDC for buildings equipped with a standpipe system. See § 507.5.1.1.
- The 100‑foot limit may be exceeded only with approval of the fire code official (administrative discretion). § 507.5.1.1
How distances are measured (related)
- On‑site hydrant placement triggers are measured along an approved route around the exterior of the building (see the on‑site hydrant requirement language in § 507.5.1). This measurement method affects whether a hydrant is “within 100 feet” from the FDC or not. § 507.5.1
Why proximity matters — standpipe hose reach requirements
- Standpipe hose and nozzle reach requirements in § 905 define how far a hose stream must reach inside a building (for example, Class II locations must be within 30 feet of a listed variable‑stream nozzle attached to 100 feet of hose), which together drive the practical need for the hydrant/FDC proximity. § 905
Access, clearances and obstructions that matter at the FDC/hydrant
- Maintain unobstructed access to hydrants (no impediments) and a 3‑foot clear space around hydrants. § 507.5.4 and § 507.5.5.
- FDCs must be located so fire apparatus/hose won’t obstruct access to the building, and FDCs must be visible from the street or approved access road. See § 912.2 and the FDC working‑space requirement § 912.4.2 for working clearances (36 in. required). These are related installation/access rules you must meet in addition to distance.
Decision‑relevant values (quick reference)
| Decision factor | Value | Unit | Code Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hydrant to FDC (standpipe) | 100 | feet | § 507.5.1.1 |
| Fire hydrant trigger for on‑site hydrants | 400 (600 for some R‑3/U with sprinkler exception) | feet | § 507.5.1 |
| Clear space around hydrants | 3 | feet | § 507.5.5 |
| Standpipe interior hose reach (Class II) | 30 (to variable stream nozzle) and 100 (hose length) | feet | § 905.5 |
| Most remote portion triggering additional hose connections | 150 (fire code official may require additional) | feet | § 905 |
| Required working space at FDC | 36 (width) × 36 (depth) × 78 (height) | inches | § 912.4.2 |
Exceptions & special cases
- Administrative approval: the 100‑foot hydrant-to‑FDC distance in § 507.5.1.1 may be exceeded where the fire code official approves an alternate arrangement. § 507.5.1.1
- Occupancy exception for on‑site hydrant spacing: where required on‑site hydrants are triggered by distance exceeding 400 feet, Group R‑3 and Group U occupancies equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system may use 600 feet instead (exception in § 507.5.1). This affects whether an on‑site hydrant is required at all. § 507.5.1
- Construction standpipes: the code separately requires during construction that a hydrant used to supply construction standpipe be within 100 feet of the FDC supplying that standpipe (see construction provisions referencing the same 100‑foot rule).
- Dry standpipes: dry standpipes are prohibited except where subject to freezing and installed per NFPA 14 — this may affect water supply planning tied to hydrant placement. § 905.8
If you need to rely on an alternate layout (hydrant further than 100 ft), the project must show the alternate achieves an equivalent operational capability and obtain approval from the fire code official. § 507.5.1.1 gives express authority for the official to approve exceptions.
Common mistakes
- Measuring “as the crow flies” instead of along the approved route around the exterior or along the fire apparatus access route — § 507.5.1 requires measurement along an approved route.
- Forgetting the 3‑ft clear space or allowing parked vehicles/landscaping to block hydrant/FDC access — access and clearance provisions § 507.5.4, § 507.5.5, and § 912.4.2 apply.
- Assuming FDC visibility/placement rules are optional — FDCs must be located and visible so fire apparatus and hose can operate without obstructing other access (§ 912.2).
- Overlooking standpipe hose‑reach design: locating a hydrant/FDC so that, even though within 100 feet, the hose/nozzle arrangement cannot protect the required interior area per § 905. Check both proximity and interior hose reach together.
Worked example
Scenario: New mixed‑use building requires a Class I standpipe per § 905. You plan the FDC on the building’s south face and an existing public hydrant sits on the sidewalk 120 feet from that FDC when measured along the approved pedestrian/drive route around the building.
- Core code check: § 507.5.1.1 requires a hydrant within 100 feet of the FDC for buildings with a standpipe. At 120 feet, the existing hydrant does not meet the straight requirement.
- Options:
- Provide a new on‑site hydrant or relocate the FDC so an existing hydrant is within 100 feet. (This is the straightforward compliance path.) § 507.5.1.1
- Request approval from the fire code official to allow the 120‑ft distance, and demonstrate equivalent operational capability (pumping, hose layouts, access). § 507.5.1.1 (exception/approval)
- Related checks:
- Confirm FDC visibility and unobstructed access per § 912.2 and working space per § 912.4.2.
- Verify interior hose reach requirements in § 905 (e.g., 30‑ft nozzle reach and 100‑ft hose for Class II-type considerations) are met once the FDC/hydrant solution is chosen.
Related provisions (select)
- § 507.5.1 — Where on‑site hydrants are required and how distance is measured (approved route).
- § 507.5.5 — Clear space around hydrants (3 feet).
- § 912.2 — FDC location relative to hydrants, driveways, buildings; location approval by fire code official.
- § 912.4.2 — Working space for FDCs (36" × 36" × 78").
- § 905 — Standpipe system locations, hose‑reach, and related standpipe rules (multiple subsections).
Code references
Grounded in the retrieved California Fire Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:
CFC § 506.1. High relevance — show source text
- In buildings with two or more elevator banks, a single key box shall be permitted to be used where such elevator banks are separated by not more than 30 feet (9144 mm). Additional key boxes shall be provided for each individual elevator or elevator bank separated by more than 30 feet (9144 mm).
Exception: A single key box shall be permitted to be located adjacent to a fire command center or the nonstandard fire service elevator key shall be permitted to be secured in a key box used for other purposes and located in accordance with Section 506.1.
506.2 Key box maintenance. The operator of the building shall immediately notify the fire code official and provide the new key where a lock is changed or rekeyed. The key to such lock shall be secured in the key box.
SECTION 507—FIRE PROTECTION WATER SUPPLIES
507.1 Required water supply. An approved water supply capable of supplying the required fire flow for fire protection shall be provided to premises on which facilities, buildings or portions of buildings are hereafter constructed or moved into or within the jurisdiction.
507.2 Type of water supply. A water supply shall consist of reservoirs, pressure tanks, elevated tanks, water mains or other fixed systems capable of providing the required fire flow.
507.2.1 Private fire service mains. Private fire service mains and appurtenances shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 24 as amended in Chapter 80.
507.2.2 Water tanks. Water tanks for private fire protection shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 22.
507.3 Fire flow. Fire-flow requirements for buildings or portions of buildings and facilities shall be determined by an approved method or Appendix B.
507.4 Water supply test. The fire code official shall be notified prior to the water supply test. Water supply tests shall be witnessed by the fire code official or approved documentation of the test shall be provided to the fire code official prior to final approval of the water supply system.
507.5 Fire hydrant systems. Fire hydrant systems shall comply with Sections 507.5.1 through 507.5.6 and Appendix C or by an approved method.
507.5.1 Where required. Where a portion of the facility or building hereafter constructed or moved into or within the jurisdiction is more than 400 feet (122 m) from a hydrant on a fire apparatus access road, as measured by an approved route around the exterior of the facility or building, on-site fire hydrants and mains shall be provided where required by the fire code official.
Exception: For Group R-3 and Group U occupancies, equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, 903.3.1.2 or 903.3.1.3, the distance requirement shall be not more than 600 feet (183 m).
507.5.1.1 Hydrant for standpipe systems. Buildings equipped with a standpipe system installed in accordance with Section 905 shall have a fire hydrant within 100 feet (30 480 mm) of the fire department connections.
Exception: The distance shall be permitted to exceed 100 feet (30 480 mm) where approved by the fire code official.
CFC § 507.3 High relevance — show source text
507.3 Fire flow. Fire-flow requirements for buildings or portions of buildings and facilities shall be determined by an approved method or Appendix B.
507.4 Water supply test. The fire code official shall be notified prior to the water supply test. Water supply tests shall be witnessed by the fire code official or approved documentation of the test shall be provided to the fire code official prior to final approval of the water supply system.
507.5 Fire hydrant systems. Fire hydrant systems shall comply with Sections 507.5.1 through 507.5.6 and Appendix C or by an approved method.
507.5.1 Where required. Where a portion of the facility or building hereafter constructed or moved into or within the jurisdiction is more than 400 feet (122 m) from a hydrant on a fire apparatus access road, as measured by an approved route around the exterior of the facility or building, on-site fire hydrants and mains shall be provided where required by the fire code official.
Exception: For Group R-3 and Group U occupancies, equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, 903.3.1.2 or 903.3.1.3, the distance requirement shall be not more than 600 feet (183 m).
507.5.1.1 Hydrant for standpipe systems. Buildings equipped with a standpipe system installed in accordance with Section 905 shall have a fire hydrant within 100 feet (30 480 mm) of the fire department connections.
Exception: The distance shall be permitted to exceed 100 feet (30 480 mm) where approved by the fire code official.
507.5.2 Inspection, testing and maintenance. Fire hydrant systems shall be subject to periodic tests as required by the fire code official. Fire hydrant systems shall be maintained in an operative condition at all times and shall be repaired where defective. Additions, repairs, alterations and servicing shall comply with approved standards. Records of tests and required maintenance shall be maintained.
507.5.3 Private fire service mains and water tanks. Private fire service mains and water tanks shall be periodically inspected, tested and maintained in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 5.
- Private fire hydrants of all types: Inspection annually and after each operation; flow test and maintenance annually.
- Fire service main piping: Inspection of exposed, annually; flow test every 5 years.
- Fire service main piping strainers: Inspection and maintenance after each use.
Records of inspections, testing and maintenance shall be maintained.
507.5.4 Obstruction. Unobstructed access to fire hydrants shall be maintained at all times. The fire department shall not be deterred or hindered from gaining immediate access to fire protection equipment or fire hydrants.
507.5.5 Clear space around hydrants. A 3-foot (914 mm) clear space shall be maintained around the circumference of fire hydrants, except as otherwise required or approved.
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507.5.6 Physical protection. Where fire hydrants are subject to impact by a motor vehicle, guard posts or other approved means shall comply with Section 312.
SECTION 508—FIRE COMMAND CENTER
CFC § 33-6 High relevance — show source text
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per minute (1893 L/m) shall be provided. The fire hydrant used for this water supply shall be located within 100 feet (30 480 mm) of the fire department connection supplying the standpipe.
3307.5 Standpipes. In buildings required to have standpipes by Section 905.3.1, not less than one standpipe shall be provided for use during construction. Such standpipes shall be installed prior to construction exceeding 40 feet (12 192 mm) in height above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access. Such standpipes shall be provided with fire department hose connections at locations adjacent to stairways complying with Section 3307.1.2. As construction progresses, such standpipes shall be extended to within one floor of the highest point of construction having secured decking or flooring.
3307.5.1 Buildings being demolished. Where a building is being demolished and a standpipe is existing within such a building, such standpipe shall be maintained in an operable condition so as to be available for use by the fire department. Such standpipe shall be demolished with the building but shall not be demolished more than one floor below the floor being demolished.
3307.5.2 Detailed requirements. Standpipes shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of Section 905.
Exception: Standpipes shall be either temporary or permanent in nature, and with or without a water supply, provided that such standpipes comply with the requirements of Section 905 as to capacity, outlets and materials.
SECTION 3308—MOTORIZED CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
3308.1 Conditions of use. Internal-combustion-powered construction equipment shall be used in accordance with all of the following conditions:
- Equipment shall be located so that exhausts do not discharge against combustible material.
- Exhausts shall be piped to the outside of the building.
- Equipment shall not be refueled while in operation.
- Fuel for equipment shall be stored in an approved area outside of the building.
SECTION 3309—HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
3309.1 Storage of flammable and combustible liquids. Storage of flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Section 5704.
3309.1.1 Class I and Class II liquids. The storage, use and handling of flammable and combustible liquids at construction sites shall be in accordance with Section 5706.2. Ventilation shall be provided for operations involving the application of materials containing flammable solvents.
3309.1.2 Housekeeping. Flammable and combustible liquid storage areas shall be maintained clear of combustible vegetation and waste materials. Such storage areas shall not be used for the storage of combustible materials.
3309.1.3 Precautions against fire. Sources of ignition and smoking shall be prohibited in flammable and combustible liquid storage areas. Signs shall be posted in accordance with Section 310.
3309.1.4 Handling at point of final use. Class I and II liquids shall be kept in approved safety containers.
3309.1.5 Leakage and spills. Leaking vessels shall be immediately repaired or taken out of service and spills shall be cleaned up and disposed of properly.
3309.2 Storage and handling. The storage, use and handling of flammable gases shall comply with Chapter 58.
CFC § 912.3 High relevance — show source text
[F] 912.3 Fire hose threads. Fire hose threads used in connection with standpipe systems shall be approved and shall be compatible with fire department hose threads.
[F] 912.4 Access. Immediate access to fire department connections shall be maintained at all times and without obstruction by fences, bushes, trees, walls or any other fixed or moveable object. Access to fire department connections shall be approved by the fire code official.
Exception s : 1. Fences, where provided with an access gate equipped with a sign complying with the legend requirements of Section 912.5 and a means of emergency operation. The gate and the means of emergency operation shall be approved by the fire code official and maintained operational at all times. 2. When acceptable to the fire authority having jurisdiction, fire department connections for Group I-3 detention facilities may be located inside all security walls or fences on the property.
[F] 912.4.1 Locking fire department connection caps. The fire code official is authorized to require locking caps on fire department connections for water-based fire protection systems where the responding fire department carries appropriate key wrenches for removal.
[F] 912.4.2 Clear space around connections. A working space of not less than 36 inches (914 mm) in width, 36 inches (914 mm) in depth and 78 inches (1981 mm) in height shall be provided and maintained in front of and to the sides of wall-mounted fire
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department connections and around the circumference of free-standing fire department connections, except as otherwise required or approved by the fire code official.
[F] 912.4.3 Physical protection. Where fire department connections are subject to impact by a motor vehicle, vehicle impact protection shall be provided in accordance with Section 312 of the California Fire Code .
[F] 912.5 Signs. A metal sign with raised letters not less than 1 inch (25 mm) in size shall be mounted on all fire department connections serving automatic sprinklers, standpipes or fire pump connections. Such signs shall read: “AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS,” “STANDPIPES,” “TEST CONNECTION,” “STANDPIPE AND AUTOSPKR” or “AUTOSPKR AND STANDPIPE,” or a combination thereof as applicable.
[F] 912.5.1 Lettering. Each fire department connection (FDC) shall be designated by a sign with raised letters not less than 1 inch (25.4 mm) in height. For manual standpipe systems, the sign shall also indicate that the system is manual and that it is either wet or dry.
[F] 912.5.2 Serving multiple buildings. Where a fire department connection (FDC) services multiple buildings, structures or locations, a sign shall be provided indicating the building, structures or locations served. Where the FDC does not serve the entire building, a sign shall be provided indicating the portions of the building served.
[F] 912.5.3 Multiple or combined systems. Where combination or multiple system types are supplied by the fire department connection, the sign or combination of signs shall indicate both designated services.
[F] 912.5.4 Indication of pressure. The sign also shall indicate the pressure required at the outlets to deliver the standpipe system demand.
CFC § 909.12.4 High relevance — show source text
[F] 909.12.4 Automatic control. Where completely automatic control is required or used, the automatic-control sequences shall be initiated from an appropriately zoned automatic sprinkler system complying with Section 903.3.1.1, manual controls provided with ready access for the fire department and any smoke detectors required by engineering analysis.
[F] 909.13 Control air tubing. Control air tubing shall be of sufficient size to meet the required response times. Tubing shall be flushed clean and dry prior to final connections and shall be adequately supported and protected from damage. Tubing passing through concrete or masonry shall be sleeved and protected from abrasion and electrolytic action.
[F] 909.13.1 Materials. Control-air tubing shall be hard-drawn copper, Type L, ACR in accordance with ASTM B42, ASTM B43, ASTM B68/B68M, ASTM B88, ASTM B251 and ASTM B280. Fittings shall be wrought copper or brass, solder type in accordance with ASME B16.18 or ASME B16.22. Changes in direction shall be made with appropriate tool bends. Brass compression-type fittings shall be used at final connection to devices; other joints shall be brazed using a BCuP-5 brazing alloy with solidus above 1,100°F (593°C) and liquids below 1,500°F (816°C). Brazing flux shall be used on copper-to-brass joints only.
Exception: Nonmetallic tubing used within control panels and at the final connection to devices provided that all of the following conditions are met:
- Tubing shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 6 of the California Mechanical Code .
- Tubing and connected devices shall be completely enclosed within a galvanized or paint-grade steel enclosure having a minimum thickness of 0.0296 inch (0.7534 mm) (No. 22 gage). Entry to the enclosure shall be by copper tubing with a protective grommet of neoprene or Teflon or by suitable brass compression to male barbed adapter.
- Tubing shall be identified by appropriately documented coding.
- Tubing shall be neatly tied and supported within the enclosure. Tubing bridging cabinets and doors or moveable devices shall be of sufficient length to avoid tension and excessive stress. Tubing shall be protected against abrasion. Tubing connected to devices on doors shall be fastened along hinges.
[F] 909.13.2 Isolation from other functions. Control tubing serving other than smoke control functions shall be isolated by automatic isolation valves or shall be an independent system.
[F] 909.13.3 Testing. Control air tubing shall be tested at three times the operating pressure for not less than 30 minutes without any noticeable loss in gauge pressure prior to final connection to devices.
[F] 909.14 Marking and identification. The detection and control systems shall be clearly marked at all junctions, accesses and terminations.
[F] 909.15 Control diagrams. Identical control diagrams showing all devices in the system and identifying their location and function shall be maintained current and kept on file with the fire code official, the fire department and in the fire command center in a format and manner approved by the fire code official.
CFC § 0.024 High relevance — show source text
024 inch (nominal 24
gauge) sheet metal over 1
inch glass fiber or min-
eral wool batts reinforced
with wire on rear face
with ventilated air space|18|12|9|6|6|4|5|3|3|3| |(4) 31⁄2 inch thick masonry
wall with ventilated air
space|––|12|––|6|––|6|––|6|––|6| |(5) 0.024 inch (nominal 24
gauge) sheet metal with
ventilated air space|18|12|9|6|6|4|5|3|3|2| |(6) 1⁄2 of an inch thick insula-
tion board with ventilated
air space|18|12|9|6|6|4|5|3|3|3| |(7) 0.024 inch (nominal 24
gauge) sheet metal with
ventilated air space over
0.024 inch (nominal 24
gauge) sheet metal with
ventilated air space|18|12|9|6|6|4|5|3|3|3| |(8) 1 inch glass fiber or
mineral wool batts sand-
wiched between two
sheets 0.024 inch (nom-
inal 24 gauge) sheet
metal with ventilated air
space|18|12|9|6|6|4|5|3|3|3|For SI units: 1 inch = 25.4 mm
Notes:
1 Reduction of clearances from combustible materials shall not interfere with combustion air, draft hood clearance and relief, and accessibility of servicing. 2 All clearances shall be measured from the outer surface of the combustible material to the nearest point on the surface of the appliance, disregarding any intervening protection applied to the combustible material. 3 Spacers and ties shall be of noncombustible material. No spacer or tie shall be used directly opposite the appliance or connector. 4 Where all clearance reduction systems use a ventilated air space, adequate provision for air circulation shall be provided as described. [See Figure 303.10.1(2) and Figure 303.10.1(3)] 5 At least 1 inch (25.4 mm) shall be between clearance reduction systems and combustible walls and ceilings for reduction systems using a ventilated air space. 6 Where a wall protector is installed on a single flat wall away from corners, it shall have a minimum 1 inch (25.4 mm) air gap. To provide adequate air circulation, the bottom and top edges, or only the side and top edges, or all edges shall be left open. 7 Mineral wool batts (blanket or board) shall have a minimum density of 8 pounds per cubic foot (lb/ft 3 ) (128 kg/m 3 ) and a minimum melting point of 1500°F (816°C). 8 Insulation material used as part of a clearance reduction system shall have a thermal conductivity of 1.0 British thermal unit inch per hour square foot degree Fahrenheit [Btu•in/(h•ft [2] - °F)] [0.1W/(m•K)] or less. 9 At least 1 inch (25.4 mm) shall be between the appliance and the protector. The clearance between the appliance and the combustible surface shall not be reduced below that allowed in Table 303.10.1. 10 All clearances and thicknesses are minimum; larger clearances and thicknesses are acceptable.
CFC § 912.3 High relevance — show source text
912.3 Fire hose threads. Fire hose threads used in connection with standpipe systems shall be approved and shall be compatible with fire department hose threads.
912.4 Access. Immediate access to fire department connections shall be maintained at all times and without obstruction by fences, bushes, trees, walls or any other fixed or moveable object. Access to fire department connections shall be approved by the fire code official.
Exceptions: 1. Fences, where provided with an access gate equipped with a sign complying with the legend requirements of Section 912.5 and a means of emergency operation. The gate and the means of emergency operation shall be approved by the fire code official and maintained operational at all times. 2. When acceptable to the fire enforcing agency, fire department connections for Group I-3 detention facilities may be located inside all security walls or fences on the property.
912.4.1 Locking fire department connection caps. The fire code official is authorized to require locking caps on fire department connections for water-based fire protection systems where the responding fire department carries appropriate key wrenches for removal.
912.4.2 Clear space around connections. A working space of not less than 36 inches (914 mm) in width, 36 inches (914 mm) in depth and 78 inches (1981 mm) in height shall be provided and maintained in front of and to the sides of wall-mounted fire department connections and around the circumference of free-standing fire department connections, except as otherwise required or approved by the fire code official.
912.4.3 Physical protection. Where fire department connections are subject to impact by a motor vehicle, vehicle impact protection shall be provided in accordance with Section 312.
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912.5 Signs. A metal sign with raised letters not less than 1 inch (25 mm) in size shall be mounted on all fire department connections serving automatic sprinklers, standpipes or fire pump connections. Such signs shall read: “AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS,” “STANDPIPES,” “TEST CONNECTION,” “STANDPIPE AND AUTOSPKR” or “AUTOSPKR AND STANDPIPE,” or a combination thereof as applicable.
912.5.1 Lettering. Each fire department connection (FDC) shall be designated by a sign with letters not less than 1 inch (25.4 mm) in height. For manual standpipe systems, the sign shall also indicate that the system is manual and that it is either wet or dry.
912.5.2 Serving multiple buildings. Where a fire department connection (FDC) services multiple buildings, structures or locations, a sign shall be provided indicating the building, structures or locations served. Where the FDC does not serve the entire building, a sign shall be provided indicating the portions of the building served.
912.5.3 Multiple or combined systems. Where combination or multiple system types are supplied by the fire department connection, the sign or combination of signs shall indicate both designated services.
912.5.4 Indication of pressure. The sign also shall indicate the pressure required at the outlets to deliver the standpipe system demand.
Exception: Where the pressure required is 150 pounds per square inch (1034 kPa) or less.
CFC § 905.8 Medium relevance — show source text
Exceptions:
- Visual identification panels of glass or other approved transparent frangible material that is easily broken and allows
access.
- Approved locking arrangements.
- Group I-3 occupancies and in mental health areas of Group I-2 occupancies.
905.8 Dry standpipes. Dry standpipes shall not be installed.
Exception: Where subject to freezing and in accordance with NFPA 14.
905.9 Valve supervision. Valves controlling water supplies shall be supervised in the open position so that a change in the normal position of the valve will generate a supervisory signal at the supervising station required by Section 903.4.1. Where a fire alarm system is provided, a signal shall be transmitted to the control unit.
Exceptions:
- Valves to underground key or hub valves in roadway boxes do not require supervision.
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- Valves locked in the normal position and inspected as provided in this code in buildings not equipped with a fire alarm system.
905.10 During construction. Standpipe systems required during construction and demolition operations shall be provided in accordance with Section 3307.
905.11 Locking standpipe outlet caps. The fire code official is authorized to require locking caps on the outlets on standpipes where the responding fire department carries key wrenches for the removal that are compatible with locking FDC connection caps.
905.12 Existing buildings. Where required in Chapter 11, existing structures shall be equipped with standpipes installed in accordance with Section 905.
SECTION 906—PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
906.1 Where required. Portable fire extinguishers shall be installed in all of the following locations:
In new and existing Group A, B, E, F, H, I, L, M, R-1, R-2, R-2.1, R-2.2, R-3.1, R-4 and S occupancies. Exceptions:
In Group R-2 occupancies, portable fire extinguishers shall be required only in locations specified in Items 2 through 6 where each dwelling unit is provided with a portable fire extinguisher having a minimum rating of 1A:10-B:C.
In Group E occupancies, portable fire extinguishers shall be required only in locations specified in Items 2 through 6 where each classroom is provided with a portable fire extinguisher having a minimum rating of 2-A:20-B:C.
In storage areas of Group S occupancies where forklift, powered industrial truck or powered cart operators are the primary occupants, fixed extinguishers, as specified in NFPA 10, shall not be required where in accordance with all of the following: 3.1. Use of vehicle-mounted extinguishers shall be approved by the fire code official. 3.2. Each vehicle shall be equipped with a 10-pound, 40A:80B:C extinguisher affixed to the vehicle using a mounting bracket approved by the extinguisher manufacturer or the fire code official for vehicular use. 3.3. Not less than two spare extinguishers of equal or greater rating shall be available on-site to replace a discharged extinguisher. 3.4. Vehicle operators shall be trained in the proper operation, use and inspection of extinguishers. 3.5. Inspections of vehicle-mounted extinguishers shall be performed daily.
CFC § 503.7.1 Medium relevance — show source text
** Heat pumps equipped with internal electric resistance heaters shall have controls that prevent supplemental heater operation where the heating load is capable of being met by the heat pump alone during both steady-state operation and setback recovery. Supplemental heater operation shall be permitted during outdoor coil defrost cycles. Exception: Heat pumps whose minimum efficiency is regulated by U.S. National Appliance Energy Conservation Act (NAECA) and whose ratings are in accordance with the requirements shown in Table E 503.7.1(2) and includes the use of an internal electric resistance heating. [ASHRAE 90.1:6.4.3.5] E 503.4.6.7 Humidification and Dehumidifica- tion Control. Humidification and dehumidification
control shall be in accordance with Section E 503.4.6.7.1 through Section E 503.4.6.7.3. E 503.4.6.7.1 Dehumidification. Humidistatic controls shall not use mechanical cooling to reduce the humidity below the lower of a dew point of 55°F (12.8°C) or relative humidity of 60 percent in the coldest zone served by the system. Exceptions: (1) Lower humidity shall be permitted when operating mechanical cooling for temperature control.
(2) Systems serving zones where specific humidity levels are required, such as museums and hospitals, and approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction or required by accreditation standards, and where humidistatic controls are capable of and configured to maintain a dead band of at least 10 percent relative humidity where no active humidification or dehumidification takes place.
(3) Systems serving zones where humidity levels are required to be maintained with precision of not more than ±5 percent relative humidity to comply with applicable codes or accreditation standards or as approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
[ASHRAE 90.1:6.4.3.6.1]
E 503.4.6.7.2 Humidification. Humidistatic controls shall not use fossil fuel or electricity to produce relative humidity above 30 percent in the warmest zone served by the system.
Exceptions:
(1) Systems serving zones where specific humidity levels are required, such as museums and hospitals, and approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction or required by accreditation standards, and where humidistatic controls are capable of and configured to maintain a dead band of at least 10 percent relative humidity where no active humidification or dehumidification takes place.
TABLE E 503.4.6.4.2 MAXIMUM DAMPER LEAKAGE [1, 2]
(cubic foot per minute per square foot) at 1.0 inch water gauge
[ASHRAE 90.1: TABLE 6.4.3.4.3]
CFC § 4.3.5.2.1 Medium relevance — show source text
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
REFERENCED STANDARDS
4.3.5.2.1 The lens on visual appliances shall be “red” in color.
Exception: Other lens colors are permitted where approved by the enforcing agency.
2010— 23 : Standard for Fixed Aerosol Fire-Extinguishing Systems Table 901.6.1, 904.13, 1207.5.5
SFM State of California, Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, Office of the State Fire Marshal, P.O. Box 944246 Sacramento, CA 94246-2460
SFM 12-3: Releasing Systems for Security Bars in Dwellings
SFM 12-7-3: Fire-testing Furnaces
SFM 12-7A-1: Exterior Wall Siding and Sheathing
SFM 12-7A-2: Exterior Window
SFM 12-7A-3: Under Eave
SFM 12-7A-4: Decking
SFM 12-7A-4A: Decking Alternate Method A
SFM 12-7A-5: Ignition Resistant Building Material
SFM 12-8-100: Room Fire Tests for Wall and Ceiling Materials
SFM 12-10-1: Power Operated Exit Doors
SFM 12-10-2: Single Point Latching or Locking Devices
SFM 12-10-3: Emergency Exit and Panic Hardware (The Office of the State Fire Marshal standards referred to above are found in the California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 12.)
UL Underwriters Laboratories LLC, 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062
10C—2016: Positive Pressure Fire Tests of Door Assemblies—with Revisions through May 2021
1010.2.8.3
13—96: Power-limited Circuit Cables
30—1995: Metal Safety Cans—with Revisions through September 2019
5003.9.10, 5005.1.10, 5705.2.4, 5707.2
38—99: Manually Actuated Signaling Boxes—with Revisions through February 2, 2005 as amended.*
*Amend Section 14.1.5 as follows:
14.1.5 A signaling box having a glass panel, disc, rod or similar part that must be broken to operate it for a signal or for access to its actuating means shall satisfactorily complete five part-breaking operations using the means provided with the box, without jamming of the mechanism or other interference by broken particles. It shall be practicable to remove and replace the broken parts. A signaling box shall not have a glass panel, disc, rod or similar part requiring a striking action by grasping a tool to operate it for a signal. The force required to activate controls shall be no greater than 5 pounds (22 N) of force.
*Add Appendix B chapter to UL 38 (1999) as follows:
Appendix B,
CFC § 320.1.2 Medium relevance — show source text
Humidifiers shall be_ located within air handling systems or ductwork to avoid moisture accumulation in downstream components, including filters and insulation. 320.1.2 Heating systems shall be designed based on the “Heating DB 99.6%” column of the Climatic Design Data in ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals. The systems shall be thermostatically controlled with appropriate zoning to achieve the above conditions. 320.1.3 Cooling systems shall be designed based on the 0.4% columns of the four Annual Design Conditions titled Cooling, Evaporation, Dehumidification, and Enthalpy shown by the Climate Design Data in ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals. The systems shall be thermo- statically controlled with appropriate zoning to achieve the above conditions.
320.2 Requirements for Skilled Nursing, Intermedi- ate Care Facilities and Basic Services Provided in Correctional Treatment Centers. [OSHPD 2 & 4]
320.2.1 Systems shall accommodate the provisions of Sections 320.1.2 through 320.1.3.
320.2.2 Where air conditioning is provided, the system shall be thermostatically controlled in one or more zones. 320.3 Requirements for Outpatient Facilities and Licensed Clinics. [OSHPD 3]
320.3.1 The system shall be designed to provide the tem- perature and humidities for sensitive areas for rooms shown in Table 4-A.
320.4 Telephone and Technology Equipment Centers.
[OSHPD 1 & 4] Where telecommunications service entrance rooms, technology equipment centers, or technology distribu- tion rooms are provided in accordance with Section 1224.5 of the California Building Code, the following requirements shall apply: 320.4.1 Power for HVAC systems serving the room(s) shall be supplied by the Equipment Branch pursuant to the California Electrical Code. Where redundant systems are provided, only one shall be required to be supplied by the Equipment Branch. 320.4.2 Mechanical equipment or fixtures that are not directly related to the support of the room shall not be installed in or pass through the room. Exception: Unrelated ductwork may be installed and shall be not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) above the finished floor. 320.4.3 HVAC systems shall be provided to maintain environmental conditions recommended in ASHRAE’s Thermal Guidelines for Data Processing Environment and the requirements of the specific equipment installed. 320.4.4 Technology equipment centers shall have redun- dant cooling systems each of sufficient capacity to pro- vide required cooling during periods of breakdown or maintenance of either system. One system shall be non- hydronic and on essential power. 320.5 Psychiatric Services. [OSHPD 1, 1R, 2, 4 & 5] For projects associated with provision of psychiatric services in acute psychiatric hospitals, general acute-care hospitals, and special treatment program service units in skilled nursing facilities, psychiatric, seclusion, and holding-patient rooms shall be designed with security diffusers, grilles, and registers.
CFC § 3307.2.2.2 Medium relevance — show source text
3307.2.2.2 Fire separation of 30 feet up to 60 feet. Where a building of Type III, IV or V construction has a fire separation distance of 30 feet (9144 mm) up to 60 feet (18 288 mm) from property lot lines, and an adjacent property has an existing structure or otherwise can be built on, the water supply shall provide a minimum of 500 gallons per minute (1893 L/m) or 50 percent of the fire flow required for the building when constructed, whichever is greater.
3307.2.2.3 Fire separation of 60 feet or greater. Where a building of Type III, IV or V construction has a fire separation of 60 feet (18 288 mm) or greater from a property lot line, a water supply of 500 gallons per minute (1893 L/m) shall be provided.
3307.3 Vertical construction, Type I and II construction. If combustible building materials are delivered to the construction site, water supply in accordance with Section 3307.2.1 shall be provided. Additional water supply for fire flow is not required prior to commencing vertical construction of Type I and II buildings.
3307.4 Standpipe supply. Regardless of the presence of combustible building materials, the construction type or the fire separation distance, where a standpipe is required in accordance with Section 3307.5, a water supply providing a minimum flow of 500 gallons
33-6 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
FIRE SAFETY DURING CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION
per minute (1893 L/m) shall be provided. The fire hydrant used for this water supply shall be located within 100 feet (30 480 mm) of the fire department connection supplying the standpipe.
3307.5 Standpipes. In buildings required to have standpipes by Section 905.3.1, not less than one standpipe shall be provided for use during construction. Such standpipes shall be installed prior to construction exceeding 40 feet (12 192 mm) in height above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access. Such standpipes shall be provided with fire department hose connections at locations adjacent to stairways complying with Section 3307.1.2. As construction progresses, such standpipes shall be extended to within one floor of the highest point of construction having secured decking or flooring.
3307.5.1 Buildings being demolished. Where a building is being demolished and a standpipe is existing within such a building, such standpipe shall be maintained in an operable condition so as to be available for use by the fire department. Such standpipe shall be demolished with the building but shall not be demolished more than one floor below the floor being demolished.
3307.5.2 Detailed requirements. Standpipes shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of Section 905.
Exception: Standpipes shall be either temporary or permanent in nature, and with or without a water supply, provided that such standpipes comply with the requirements of Section 905 as to capacity, outlets and materials.
SECTION 3308—MOTORIZED CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
Frequently asked questions
What exactly counts as the “fire department connection” (FDC)?
The FDC is the dedicated inlet(s) provided for the fire department to pump water into sprinkler or standpipe systems. Location and access requirements for FDCs are covered in § 912 (see § 912.2 and § 912.4.2 for visibility and working space).
If the hydrant is 120 feet from the FDC, can I get a variance?
The code allows the distance to exceed 100 feet only where the fire code official approves an alternate arrangement; you must demonstrate equivalent functionality and obtain that approval under § 507.5.1.1.
How should I measure the distance between hydrant and FDC?
Measure along an approved route around the exterior (not a straight line through obstacles). This measurement approach is described in the on‑site hydrant requirement language in § 507.5.1.
Does the hydrant need a 3‑foot clearance?
Yes — maintain an unobstructed 3‑foot clear space around the circumference of the hydrant per § 507.5.5.
Do standpipe hose‑reach rules affect where I put the hydrant/FDC?
Yes — interior hose reach and nozzle requirements in § 905 define how the standpipe must be usable inside the building; hydrant/FDC placement must support those operational parameters.
More in California Fire Code
- Administration and Definitions
- General Requirements and Emergency Planning
- Fire Service Features and Fire Department Access
- Referenced Standards and Adoptable Appendices (Chapter 80; Appendices A–Q)
- Fire and Smoke Protection Features (fire‑resistance, barriers)
- Interior Finish, Decorative Materials and Furnishings
- Fire Protection and Life‑Safety Systems (sprinklers, alarms, smoke control)
- Means of Egress (exit design and maintenance)
- Construction Requirements for Existing Buildings (retrofit rules)
- Energy Systems and Stationary Energy Storage (ESS)
- Special Occupancies and Operations (chapters 20–41, 48–49)
- Hazardous Materials — Storage, Use and Handling (Chapters 50–67)
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