Foundations & Soils — Required Inspections and Testing

Grounded in the retrieved California Building Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

• CBC § 1705A.6 High relevance — show source text

  TABLE 1705A.6—REQUIRED SPECIAL INSPECTIONS AND TESTS OF SOILS	Col2	Col3
  TYPE	CONTINUOUS SPECIAL INSPECTION	PERIODIC SPECIAL INSPECTION
  1. Verify materials below shallow foundations are adequate to achieve the design bearing capacity.	—	X
  2. Verify excavations are extended to proper depth and have reached proper material.	—	X
  3. Perform classification and testing of compacted fill materials.	—	X
  4. During fill placement, verify use of proper materials and procedures in accordance with the provisions of the approved geotechnical report. Verify densities and lift thicknesses during placement and compaction of compacted fill.	X	—
  5. Prior to placement of compacted fill, inspect subgrade and verify that site has been prepared properly.	—	X

  1705A.6.1 Soil fill. All fills used to support the foundations of any building or structure shall be continuously inspected by the geotechnical engineer or his or her qualified representative. It shall be the responsibility of the geotechnical engineer to verify that fills meet the requirements of the approved construction documents and to coordinate all fill inspection and testing during construc- tion involving such fills.

  The duties of the geotechnical engineer or his or her qualified representative shall include, but need not be limited to, the inspec- tion of cleared areas and benches prepared to receive fill; inspection of the removal of all unsuitable soils and other materials; the approval of soils to be used as fill material; the inspection of placement and compaction of fill materials; the testing of the completed fills; and the inspection or review of geotechnical drainage devices, buttress fills or other similar protective measures in accordance with the approved construction documents.

  A verified report shall be submitted by the geotechnical engineer as required by the California Administrative Code. The report shall indicate that all tests and inspections required by the approved construction documents were completed and whether the tested materials and/or inspected work meet the requirements of the approved construction documents.

  1705A.6.2 Earth-retaining shoring. Special inspections and tests of earth-retaining shoring shall be in accordance with applicable portions of Section 1812A.

  1705A.6.3 Vibro stone columns. Special inspections and tests of vibro stone columns for ground improvement shall be in accordance with Section 1813A.5.

  1705 A .7 Driven deep foundations. Special inspections and tests shall be performed during installation of driven deep foundation elements as specified in 1810A.3.3.1.2 and Table 1705 A .7. The approved geotechnical report and the construction documents prepared by the registered design professionals shall be used to determine compliance.

  TABLE 1705A.7—REQUIRED SPECIAL INSPECTIONS AND TESTS OF DRIVEN DEEP FOUNDATION ELEMENTS	Col2	Col3
  TYPE	CONTINUOUS SPECIAL INSPECTION	PERIODIC SPECIAL INSPECTION
  1. Verify element materials, sizes and lengths comply with the requirements.	X	—
  2.

• CBC § 1705.6 High relevance — show source text

  Exception: Where Section 1803 does not require reporting of materials and procedures for fill placement, the special inspector shall verify that the in-place dry density of the compacted fill is not less than 90 percent of the maximum dry density at optimum moisture content determined in accordance with ASTM D1557.

  TABLE 1705.6—REQUIRED SPECIAL INSPECTIONS AND TESTS OF SOILS	Col2	Col3
  TYPE	CONTINUOUS SPECIAL INSPECTION	PERIODIC SPECIAL INSPECTION
  1. Verify materials below shallow foundations are adequate to achieve the design bearing capacity.	—	X
  2. Verify excavations are extended to proper depth and have reached proper material.	—	X
  3. Perform classification and testing of compacted fill materials.	—	X
  4. During fill placement, verify use of proper materials and procedures in accordance with the provi- sions of the approved geotechnical report. Verify densities and lift thicknesses during placement and compaction of compacted fill.	X	—
  5. Prior to placement of compacted fill, inspect subgrade and verify that site has been prepared properly.	—	X

  17-12 2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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  SPECIAL INSPECTIONS AND TESTS

  1705.6.1 Soil fill. [OSHPD 1R, 2 & 5] All fills used to support the foundations of any building or structure shall be continuously inspected by the geotechnical engineer or his or her qualified representative. It shall be the responsibility of the geotechnical engi- neer to verify that fills meet the requirements of the approved construction documents and to coordinate all fill inspection and testing during construction involving such fills.

  The duties of the geotechnical engineer or his or her qualified representative shall include, but need not be limited to, the inspec- tion of cleared areas and benches prepared to receive fill; inspection of the removal of all unsuitable soils and other materials; the approval of soils to be used as fill material; the inspection of placement and compaction of fill materials; the testing of the completed fills; and the inspection or review of geotechnical drainage devices, buttress fills or other similar protective measures in accordance with the approved construction documents.

  A verified report shall be submitted by the geotechnical engineer as required by the California Administrative Code. The report shall indicate that all tests and inspections required by the approved construction documents were completed and whether the tested materials and/or inspected work meet the requirements of the approved construction documents.

  1705.7 Driven deep foundations. Special inspections and tests shall be performed during installation of driven deep foundation elements as specified in Table 1705.7. The approved geotechnical report and the construction documents prepared by the registered design professionals shall be used to determine compliance.

  TABLE 1705.7—REQUIRED SPECIAL INSPECTIONS AND TESTS OF DRIVEN DEEP FOUNDATION ELEMENTS	Col2	Col3
  TYPE	CONTINUOUS SPECIAL INSPECTION	PERIODIC SPECIAL INSPECTION
  1.

• CBC § 1705.7 High relevance — show source text

  The duties of the geotechnical engineer or his or her qualified representative shall include, but need not be limited to, the inspec- tion of cleared areas and benches prepared to receive fill; inspection of the removal of all unsuitable soils and other materials; the approval of soils to be used as fill material; the inspection of placement and compaction of fill materials; the testing of the completed fills; and the inspection or review of geotechnical drainage devices, buttress fills or other similar protective measures in accordance with the approved construction documents.

  A verified report shall be submitted by the geotechnical engineer as required by the California Administrative Code. The report shall indicate that all tests and inspections required by the approved construction documents were completed and whether the tested materials and/or inspected work meet the requirements of the approved construction documents.

  1705.7 Driven deep foundations. Special inspections and tests shall be performed during installation of driven deep foundation elements as specified in Table 1705.7. The approved geotechnical report and the construction documents prepared by the registered design professionals shall be used to determine compliance.

  TABLE 1705.7—REQUIRED SPECIAL INSPECTIONS AND TESTS OF DRIVEN DEEP FOUNDATION ELEMENTS	Col2	Col3
  TYPE	CONTINUOUS SPECIAL INSPECTION	PERIODIC SPECIAL INSPECTION
  1. Verify element materials, sizes and lengths comply with the requirements.	X	—
  2. Determine capacities of test elements and conduct additional load tests, as required.	X	—
  3. Inspect driving operations and maintain complete and accurate records for each element.	X	—
  4. Verify placement locations and plumbness, confirm type and size of hammer, record number of blows per foot of penetration, determine required penetrations to achieve design capacity, record tip and butt elevations and document any damage to foundation element.	X	—
  5. For steel elements, perform additional special inspections in accordance with Section 1705.2.	In accordance with Section 1705.2	In accordance with Section 1705.2
  6. For concrete elements and concrete-filled elements, perform tests and additional special inspections in accordance with Section 1705.3.	In accordance with Section 1705.3	In accordance with Section 1705.3
  7.For specialty elements, perform additional inspections as determined by the registered design professional in responsible charge.	In accordance with Statement of Special Inspections	In accordance with Statement of Special Inspections

  1705.7.1 Driven deep foundations observation. [OSHPD 1R, 2 & 5] The installation of driven deep foundations shall be continu- ously observed by a qualified representative of the geotechnical engineer responsible for that portion of the project.

  The representative of the geotechnical engineer shall make a report of the deep foundation pile-driving operation giving such pertinent data as the physical characteristics of the deep foundation pile-driving equipment, identifying marks for each deep founda- tion pile, total depth of embedment for each deep foundation; and when the allowable deep foundation pile loads are determined by a dynamic load formula, the design formula used, and the permanent penetration under the last 10 blows. One copy of the report shall be sent to the enforcement agency.

• CBC § 18-35 High relevance — show source text

  2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE 18-35

  on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

  SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS

  6. The modulus of subgrade reactions, long-term settlement and post-earthquake settlement shall be specified along with expected total and differential settlements for design. 7. The acceptance criteria for friction cone and piezocone penetration testing in accordance with ASTM D5778 complemented by a standard penetration test (SPT) in accordance with ASTM D1586, if necessary, to verify soil improvement shall be specified 8. The requirements for special inspection and observation by the geotechnical engineer shall be specified. 9. A Final Verified Report (FVR) documenting the installation of the ground improvement system and confirming that the ground improvement acceptance criteria have been met shall be prepared by the geotechnical engineer and submitted to the enforce- ment agency for review and approval.

  1813.3 Shallow Foundations. VSCs under the shallow foundation shall be located symmetrically around the centroid of the footing or load, and:

  1. There shall be a minimum of four stone columns under each isolated or continuous/combined footing or an approved equivalent. 2. The VSCs or deep foundation elements shall not be used to resist tension or overturning uplift from the shallow foundations. 3. The foundation design for the shallow foundation shall consider the increased vertical stiffness of the VSCs as point supports for analysis, unless it is substantiated that the installation of the VSCs results in improvement of the surrounding soils such that the modulus of subgrade reaction, long-term settlement and post-earthquake settlement can be considered uniform throughout.

  1813.4 Installation. VSCs shall be installed with vibratory probes. Vertical columns of compacted unbounded aggregate shall be formed through the soils to be improved by adding gravel near the tip of the vibrator and progressively raising and re-penetrating the vibrator, which will results in the gravel being pushed into the surrounding soil. Gravel aggregate for VSCs shall be well graded with a maximum size of 6 inches and not more than 10 percent smaller than [3] / 8 inch after compaction.

  1813.5 Construction Documents. Construction documents for VSCs, at a minimum, shall include the following: 1. Size, depth and location of VSCs. 2. The extent of soil improvements along with building/structure foundation outlines. 3. Field verification requirements and acceptance criteria using CPT/SPT. 4. The locations where CPT/SPT shall be performed. 5. A Testing, Inspection and Observation (TIO) program indicating the inspection and observation required for the VSCs.

  18-36 2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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  CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE

  CHAPTER 18A – SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS

  (Matrix Adoption Tables are nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user. See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

• CBC § 14.1 High relevance — show source text

  The approved agency shall verify that proper quality control procedures and tests have been employed for all materials and the manufacturing process, and shall perform visual inspection of the finished product. Each inspected member shall be stamped by the approved agency with an identification mark.

  Exception: Special Inspection is not required for non-custom prismatic glued laminated members identified on drawings and sourced from stock or general inventory of 5 [1] / 2 -inch (140 mm) maximum width and 18-inch (457 mm) maximum depth, and with a maximum clear span of 32 feet (9754 mm), manufactured and marked in accordance with ANSI /APA A190.1 Section 14.1 for noncustom members.

  1705.5.6 Manufactured open web trusses. [OSHPD 1R, 2 & 5] The manufacture of open web trusses shall be continuously inspected by an approved agency.

  The approved agency shall verify that proper quality control procedures and tests have been employed for all materials and the manufacturing process, and shall perform visual inspection of the finished product. Each inspected truss shall be stamped with an identification mark by the approved agency.

  1705.5.7 Timber connectors. [OSHPD 1R, 2 & 5] The installation of all split ring and shear plate timber connectors and timber rivets shall be continuously inspected by an approved agency. The approved agency shall furnish the architect, structural engineer and the enforcement agency with a report verifying that the materials, timber connectors and workmanship conform to the approved construction documents.

  1705.6 Soils. Special inspections and tests of existing site soil conditions, fill placement and load-bearing requirements shall be performed in accordance with this section and Table 1705.6. The approved geotechnical report and the construction documents prepared by the registered design professionals shall be used to determine compliance.

  Exception: Where Section 1803 does not require reporting of materials and procedures for fill placement, the special inspector shall verify that the in-place dry density of the compacted fill is not less than 90 percent of the maximum dry density at optimum moisture content determined in accordance with ASTM D1557.

  TABLE 1705.6—REQUIRED SPECIAL INSPECTIONS AND TESTS OF SOILS	Col2	Col3
  TYPE	CONTINUOUS SPECIAL INSPECTION	PERIODIC SPECIAL INSPECTION
  1. Verify materials below shallow foundations are adequate to achieve the design bearing capacity.	—	X
  2. Verify excavations are extended to proper depth and have reached proper material.	—	X
  3. Perform classification and testing of compacted fill materials.	—	X
  4. During fill placement, verify use of proper materials and procedures in accordance with the provi- sions of the approved geotechnical report. Verify densities and lift thicknesses during placement and compaction of compacted fill.	X	—
  5. Prior to placement of compacted fill, inspect subgrade and verify that site has been prepared properly.	—	X

  17-12 2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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  SPECIAL INSPECTIONS AND TESTS

• CBC § 1.9.2.1 High relevance — show source text

  Chapter 17 Special Inspections and Tests.

  Chapter 17 provides a variety of procedures and criteria for testing materials and assemblies, labeling materials and assemblies and special inspection of structural assemblies. This chapter expands on the inspections of Chapter 1 by requiring special inspection where indicated and, in some cases, structural observation.

  Chapter 17A Special Inspections and Tests.

  Chapter 17A provides a variety of procedures and criteria for testing materials and assemblies, labeling materials and assemblies, and special inspection of structural assemblies. Chapter 17A is applicable to structures regulated by the Division of the State Architect— Structural Safety, which include public elementary and secondary schools, community colleges, and state-owned or state-leased essen- tial services buildings (applications listed in Sections 1.9.2.1 (DSA-SS) and 1.9.2.2 (DSA-SS/CC)), and by the Department of Health Care Access and Information/Office of Statewide Hospital Planning and Development, which include hospitals and correctional treatment centers (applications listed in Sections 1.10.1 (OSHPD 1) and 1.10.4 (OSHPD 4)).

  Chapter 18 Soils and Foundations.

  Chapter 18 provides criteria for geotechnical and structural considerations in the selection, design and installation of foundation systems to support the loads from the structure above.

  Chapter 18A Soils and Foundations.

  Chapter 18A provides criteria for geotechnical and structural considerations in the selection, design and installation of foundation systems to support the loads from the structure above. Chapter 18A is applicable to structures regulated by the Division of the State Architect—Structural Safety, which include public elementary and secondary schools, community colleges, and state-owned or state- leased essential services buildings (applications listed in Sections 1.9.2.1 (DSA-SS) and 1.9.2.2 (DSA-SS/CC)), and by the Department of Health Care Access and Information/Office of Statewide Hospital Planning and Development, which include hospitals and correctional treatment centers (applications listed in Sections 1.10.1 (OSHPD 1) and 1.10.4 (OSHPD 4)).

  Chapter 19 Concrete.

  Chapter 19 provides minimum accepted practices for the design and construction of buildings and structural components using concrete, both plain and reinforced. This chapter relies primarily on the reference to American Concrete Institute (ACI) 318, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete .

  Chapter 19A Concrete.

  Chapter 19A provides minimum accepted practices for the design and construction of buildings and structural components using concrete, both plain and reinforced. Chapter 19A is applicable to structures regulated by the Division of the State Architect—Structural Safety, which include public elementary and secondary schools, community colleges, and state-owned or state-leased essential services buildings (applications listed in Section 1.9.2.1 (DSA-SS)), and by the Department of Health Care Access and Information/Office of State- wide Hospital Planning and Development, which include hospitals and correctional treatment centers (applications listed in Sections 1.10.1 (OSHPD 1) and 1.10.4 (OSHPD 4)).

  Chapter 20 Aluminum.

• CBC § 1803.5.12 High relevance — show source text

  1803.5.12 Seismic Design Categories D through F. For structures assigned to Seismic Design Category D, E or F, the geotechnical investigation required by Section 1803.5.11 shall include all of the following as applicable:

  1. The determination of dynamic seismic lateral earth pressures on foundation walls and retaining walls supporting more than 6 feet (1.83 m) of backfill height due to design earthquake ground motions.
  2. The potential for liquefaction and soil strength loss evaluated for site peak ground acceleration, earthquake magnitude and source characteristics consistent with the maximum considered earthquake ground motions. Peak ground acceleration shall be determined based on one of the following: 2.1. A site-specific study in accordance with Chapter 21 of ASCE 7.

  2.2. In accordance with Section 11.8.3 of ASCE 7.

  3. An assessment of potential consequences of liquefaction and soil strength loss including, but not limited to, the following:

  2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE 18-5

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  SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS

  3.1. Estimation of total and differential settlement.

  3.2. Lateral soil movement.

  3.3. Lateral soil loads on foundations.

  3.4. Reduction in foundation soil-bearing capacity and lateral soil reaction. 3.5. Soil downdrag and reduction in axial and lateral soil reaction for pile foundations. 3.6. Increases in soil lateral pressures on retaining walls.

  3.7. Flotation of buried structures.

  4. Discussion of mitigation measures such as, but not limited to, the following: 4.1. Selection of appropriate foundation type and depths. 4.2. Selection of appropriate structural systems to accommodate anticipated displacements and forces.

  4.3. Ground stabilization.

  4.4. Any combination of these measures and how they shall be considered in the design of the structure.

  1803.6 Reporting. Where geotechnical investigations are required, a written report of the investigations shall be submitted to the building official by the permit applicant at the time of permit application. This geotechnical report shall include, but need not be limited to, the following information:

  1. A plot showing the location of the soil investigations.

  2. A complete record of the soil boring and penetration test logs and soil samples.

  3. A record of the soil profile.

  4. Elevation of the water table, if encountered.

  5. Recommendations for foundation type and design criteria, including but not limited to: bearing capacity of natural or compacted soil; provisions to mitigate the effects of expansive soils; mitigation of the effects of liquefaction, differential settlement and varying soil strength; and the effects of adjacent loads.

  6. Expected total and differential settlement.

  7. Deep foundation information in accordance with Section 1803.5.5.

  8. Special design and construction provisions for foundations of structures founded on expansive soils, as necessary.

  9. Compacted fill material properties and testing in accordance with Section 1803.5.8.

  10. Controlled low-strength material properties and testing in accordance with Section 1803.5.9. 11. [OSHPD 1R, 2 & 5] The report shall consider the effects of seismic hazard in accordance with Section 1803.7.

  1803.7 Geohazard reports. [OSHPD 1R, 2 & 5] Geohazard reports shall be required for all proposed construction.

• CBC § 5.5. High relevance — show source text

  The report shall_ contain the results of the analyses of problem areas identified in the geohazard report. The geotechnical report shall incorporate esti- mates of the characteristics of site ground motion provided in the geohazard report. This geotechnical report shall include, but need not be limited to, the following information:

  1. A plot showing the location of the soil investigations.
  2. A complete record of the soil boring and penetration test logs and soil samples.
  3. A record of the soil profile.
  4. Elevation of the water table, if encountered. Historic high ground water elevations shall be addressed in the report to adequately evaluate liquefaction and settlement potential.
  5. Recommendations for foundation type and design criteria, including but not limited to: bearing capacity of natural or compacted soil; provisions to mitigate the effects of expansive soils; mitigation of the effects of liquefaction, differential settlement and varying soil strength; and the effects of adjacent loads.
  6. Expected total and differential settlement.
  7. Deep foundation information in accordance with Section 1803 A .5.5.
  8. Special design and construction provisions for foundations of structures founded on expansive soils, as necessary.
  9. Compacted fill material properties and testing in accordance with Section 1803 A .5.8.
  10. Controlled low-strength material properties and testing in accordance with Section 1803 A .5.9. 11. The report shall consider the effects of stepped footings addressed in Section 1809A.3. 12. The report shall consider the effects of seismic hazards in accordance with Section 1803A.6 and shall incorporate the associ- ated geohazard report.

  1803A.8 Geotechnical peer review. [DSA-SS and DSA-SS/CC] When alternate foundations designs or ground improvements are employed or where slope stabilization is required, a qualified peer review by a California-licensed geotechnical engineer, in accordance with Section 322 of Part 10, Title 24, CCR, may be required by the enforcement agency. In Section 322 of Part 10, Title 24, CCR, where reference is made to structural or seismic-resisting system, it shall be replaced with geotechnical, foundation or ground improvement, as appropriate.

  18A-6 2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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  SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS

  SECTION 1804 A —EXCAVATION, GRADING AND FILL

  1804 A .1 Excavation near foundations. Excavation for any purpose shall not reduce vertical or lateral support for any foundation or adjacent foundation without first underpinning or protecting the foundation against detrimental lateral or vertical movement, or both, in accordance with Section 1803 A .5.7.

  1804 A .2 Underpinning. Where underpinning is chosen to provide the protection or support of adjacent structures, the underpinning system shall be designed and installed in accordance with provisions of this chapter and Chapter 33.

  1804 A .2.1 Underpinning sequencing. Underpinning shall be installed in a sequential manner that protects the neighboring structure and the working construction site. The sequence of installation shall be identified in the approved construction documents.

• CBC § 17A-4 High relevance — show source text

  1704A Special Inspections and Tests, Contractor Responsibility and Structural Observation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17A-4

  1705A Required Special Inspections and Tests . . . . . . . . . .17A-6

  1706A Design Strengths of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17A-22

  1707A Alternative Test Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17A-22

  1708A In-Situ Load Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17A-22

  1709A Preconstruction Load Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17A-22

  1710A Off-Site Construction [OSHPD 1 & 4] . . . . . . . . . . . . .17A-23

  CHAPTER 18 SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1

  1801 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-3

  1802 Design Basis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-3

  1803 Geotechnical Investigations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-3

  1804 Excavation, Grading and Fill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-7

  1805 Dampproofing and Waterproofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-7

  1806 Presumptive Load-Bearing Values of Soils . . . . . . . 18-9

  1807 Foundation Walls, Retaining Walls and Embedded Posts and Poles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-10

  1808 Foundations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-16

  1809 Shallow Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-18

  1810 Deep Foundations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-20

  1811 Prestressed Rock and Soil Foundation

  Anchors [OSHPD 1R, 2 & 5]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-31

  1812 Earth Retaining Shoring

  [OSHPD 1R, 2 & 5] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-32

  1813 Vibro Stone Columns for Ground Improvement

• CBC § 17-4 Medium relevance — show source text

  1704 Special Inspections and Tests, Contractor Responsibility and Structural Observation. . . . . 17-4

  1705 Required Special Inspections and Tests . . . . . . . . . 17-6

  1706 Design Strengths of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-19

  1707 Alternative Test Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-19

  1708 In-Situ Load Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-19

  1709 Preconstruction Load Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-20

  1710 Off-Site Construction [OSHPD 1R, 2 & 5] . . . . . . . . . . 17-21

  CHAPTER 17A SPECIAL INSPECTIONS AND TESTS. . . . . . .17A-1

  1701A General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17A-3

  1702A New Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17A-3

  1703A Approvals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17A-3

  1704A Special Inspections and Tests, Contractor Responsibility and Structural Observation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17A-4

  1705A Required Special Inspections and Tests . . . . . . . . . .17A-6

  1706A Design Strengths of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17A-22

  1707A Alternative Test Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17A-22

  1708A In-Situ Load Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17A-22

  1709A Preconstruction Load Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17A-22

  1710A Off-Site Construction [OSHPD 1 & 4] . . . . . . . . . . . . .17A-23

  CHAPTER 18 SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1

  1801 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-3

  1802 Design Basis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-3

  1803 Geotechnical Investigations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-3