CBC · California Building Code

How to determine maximum allowable quantities (MAQ) per control area

The CBC limits how much hazardous material may be stored or used in a single control area using MAQ tables (Table 307.1(1), Table 307.1(2) and related Group M/S tables). Identify the material category, read the correct table and column (sprinklered vs nonsprinklered), apply footnote increases (sprinklers, cabinets, package‑size, outdoor), and verify control‑area boundaries and fire‑barrier requirements per § 414.2.2–414.2.5 and the table notes. If a required table entry (such as the full text of Table 414.2.2) isn’t available in your copy, consult the CBC table directly and the CFC cross‑references before concluding whether the space must be classified as Group H.

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Last reviewed: July 5, 2026

What the code requires

The California Building Code (CBC) uses MAQs to limit how much hazardous material may be stored, used, or handled inside a single control area so the space does not have to be classified as a High‑Hazard (Group H) occupancy. The MAQs themselves are given in CBC tables (notably Table 307.1(1) and Table 307.1(2)) and the number/design of control areas is governed by the control‑area rules in Chapter 4 (see § 414.2.2 and related text). See § 307.1 and Table 307.1(1) for the MAQ concept and the tabulated limits, and see § 414.2.3–414.2.5 for how control areas are counted and special Group M/S exceptions.

Short restatement of the controlling sections

  • MAQs and the quantities that trigger Group H classification: § 307.1 and Table 307.1(1) / Table 307.1(2).
  • Control‑area design/number: § 414.2.2 (CBC) — CBC text references the control‑area rules; the detailed design/numbering guidance is tied to the code tables. If a specific Table 414.2.2 entry is needed, consult the table text in the code (see note below).

Requirements in detail

The decision steps to determine MAQ per control area are:

  1. Classify the material (health hazard, physical hazard, flammable class, gas category, etc.) according to the hazard categories referenced in the CBC/California Fire Code (CFC). MAQs are indexed by hazard class/category.

  2. Find the base MAQ for that material in the appropriate CBC table:

    • Use Table 307.1(1) for many physical‑hazard materials and storage/use configurations and Table 307.1(2) for toxic/health hazards and laboratory-specific limits (as applicable). These tables show the base MAQs per control area.

  3. Apply the table footnote adjustments (if applicable). Typical adjustments include (but are not limited to):

    • Sprinklered building increases (often a 100% increase in MAQ where the building is equipped throughout with the required automatic sprinkler system).
    • Storage cabinet increases (often +100% where stored in approved cabinets, applied cumulatively with sprinkler increases when both apply).
    • Outdoor control area increases or exceptions (some categories have different outdoor allowances).
    • Special package‑size increases (for some categories the MAQ is increased when packages are in sealed manufacturer containers under certain size limits).

  4. Determine control‑area boundaries and the allowable number/size of control areas for the building using § 414.2.2 and related provisions. Control areas must be separated by the required fire barriers and meet the fire‑resistance rating called for by the code. If the number or size of control areas would be exceeded, the space may need to be reclassified as Group H or modified to provide additional fire separation or protection.

  5. For Group M (retail/display) and Group S (storage) there are special allowances (the CBC/CFC permit certain greater aggregate quantities for nonflammable solids and other materials in retail display/storage when stored in accordance with CFC Section 5003.11). Always check the specific Group M/S tables and CFC cross‑references.

Decision‑relevant quick reference table

Decision dimension Typical values / trigger Code reference
Base MAQ for Class IA flammable liquids (Group M wholesale/retail per control area) Sprinklered: 60 gal; Nonsprinklered: 30 gal Table 414.2.5.2 (CBC)
Base MAQ for Class IB/IC/II/IIIA flammable liquids (Group M wholesale/retail) Sprinklered (ordinary densities): 7,500 gal; Alternate sprinkler method: 15,000 gal; Nonsprinklered: 1,600 gal Table 414.2.5.2 (CBC)
Low burning velocity Category 1B flammable gas (per control area) Gaseous: Sprinklered 390,000 cu ft / Nonsprinklered 195,000 cu ft; Liquefied: 40,000 lb / 20,000 lb Table 414.2.5.4 (CBC)
Sprinklered building allowance Many Table 307.1 notes: MAQ shall be increased 100% where building is sprinklered per § 903.3.1.1 (applied per table footnotes) Table 307.1 notes (CBC)
Control‑area separation requirement Control areas shall be separated by not less than a 1‑hour fire barrier (table footnotes). Fire‑resistance ratings and number of control areas per story reference § 414.2.2 and related tables. Table footnotes / § 414.2.3–414.2.4 (CBC)

Notes on the table above: the CBC gives multiple, occupancy‑specific MAQ tables and footnotes. The examples above show common, decision‑relevant MAQs that are explicitly provided in the CBC sections/tables cited. Always read the table footnotes — they contain the increases, separations, and special‑use exceptions that materially change the numeric MAQ.

Exceptions & special cases

  • Retail/display (Group M) and some storage (Group S) uses have special, permissive quantities when stored/displayed in accordance with CFC Section 5003.11; CFC tables list the indoor/outdoor MAQs for these cases. If you are designing or evaluating a retail/display area, check § 414.2.5 (CBC) and CFC § 5003.11.
  • Some hazard categories are unlimited in a fully sprinklered building or unlimited outdoors per specific table footnotes — read the footnotes carefully (for example some table notes permit unlimited quantities in buildings equipped throughout with the automatic sprinkler system or in outdoor control areas).
  • Where a building exceeds certain large areas (e.g., wholesale/retail sales areas > 50,000 ft²), the CFC allows incremental percentage increases to MAQs (e.g., +2% per 1,000 ft² beyond 50,000, up to a stated cap). These area‑based increases are tabulated in the CFC and are referenced from CBC tables.
  • Laboratory suites and Group L occupancies have specialized percentage rules tied to Tables 307.1(1)/(2); lab suite percent limits and multi‑story rules are called out in § 307 notes—do not apply the general building sprinkler increases to Group L unless the table/note explicitly permits it.

If you cannot find an entry for a material category in Tables 307.1(1)/(2), the CBC instructs you to follow the CFC classification system and tables referenced by the CBC (see table footnotes and § 307 notes).

Common mistakes

  • Treating a room as a control area. Control areas are defined by code boundaries and required separations (fire barriers, horizontal assemblies) — don’t assume each room equals a control area without checking the fire‑resistance/separation requirements in § 414.2.2.
  • Forgetting to aggregate all hazardous materials (storage + use + display) in the same control area; the code requires the aggregate to be compared to the MAQ.
  • Applying sprinkler “increase” twice or in the wrong table: some CBC/CFC tables already show separate columns for sprinklered vs nonsprinklered conditions (e.g., Table 414.2.5.2). For the tables that do not, a footnote may permit a 100% increase in MAQ for sprinklered buildings — follow the specific table footnotes.
  • Missing table footnotes that change MAQ (cabinet storage, sealed manufacturer packages, outdoor control area rules, package‑size increases). Always read the footnotes.
  • Using the wrong code (confusing CBC table numbers with the very similar CFC tables) — CBC tables are controlling for occupancy classification and MAQ triggers; the CFC supplies many detailed quantity tables and exemptions that the CBC references. Use both together per the cross‑references.

Worked example — retail store (Group M) with Class II liquids

Scenario: A retail store (Group M) that is fully sprinklered throughout (sprinkler design meets the CBC/CFC sprinkler requirements referenced by the tables) will sell and store bottled paint and related Class II liquids. You need to know whether 2,000 gallons of Class II liquids displayed/stored in a single sales area exceed the MAQ per control area.

Step 1 — Identify table: Group M wholesale/retail MAQs for flammable and combustible liquids are in Table 414.2.5.2 (CBC) which reproduces the CFC wholesale/retail table.

Step 2 — Read the appropriate column: For Class IB, IC, II and IIIA liquids in a sprinklered retail area under the ordinary densities/note b arrangement, Table 414.2.5.2 lists 7,500 gallons per control area (the alternate sprinkler method column shows a different sprinkler allowance of 15,000 gal).

Step 3 — Compare: Store quantity = 2,000 gal. Base MAQ (sprinklered, ordinary density) = 7,500 gal → 2,000 gal is less than 7,500 gal, so the amount is within the MAQ per control area and the area would not automatically be classified as Group H for those materials.

Step 4 — Check footnotes: Confirm the store’s sprinkler system meets the code’s required density and arrangement per the table footnote; confirm any cabinet or package exceptions do not further change the allowed MAQ. If the store were nonsprinklered, the non‑sprinklered limit is 1,600 gal (in which case 2,000 gal would exceed the MAQ and would require reconfiguration, additional separations, or Group H classification).

Related provisions (quick pointer list)

  • § 307.1 — High‑hazard Group H: MAQ tables and classification triggers; refer to Table 307.1(1) and Table 307.1(2).
  • Table 307.1(1) — Maximum allowable quantity per control area of hazardous materials posing a physical hazard.
  • Table 307.1(2) — Maximum allowable quantity per control area for health‑hazardous materials and laboratory limits (see table notes).
  • § 414.2.2 / § 414.2.3 / § 414.2.4 — Control area design, number, and required fire‑resistance/separation (see CBC Chapter 4 control‑area provisions). Note: § 414.2.3 references Table 414.2.2 for the maximum number per building/story.
  • § 414.2.5 (and Tables 414.2.5.2, 414.2.5.4) — Group M/S retail and storage special MAQs for flammable liquids and Category 1B gases.
  • California Fire Code Chapter 50/5003 and 5704 sections — detailed quantity rules, conversions, and exemptions that the CBC tables refer to (e.g., CFC § 5003.11 exceptions for Group M/S display and storage).

Code references

Grounded in the retrieved California Building Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

  • CBC § 0.02832 High relevance — show source text

    Quantities in parentheses indicate quantity units in parentheses at the head of each column.|For SI: 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 m3, 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 pound per square inch absolute = 6.895 kPa,°C = (°F – 32)/1.8.
    a. For gallons of liquids, divide the amount in pounds by 10 in accordance with Section 5003.1.2.
    b. The aggregate quantities in storage and use shall not exceed the maximum allowable quantity for storage, including applicable increases.
    c. The aggregate quantity of nonflammable solid and nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazardous materials allowed in outdoor storage per single property under the
    same ownership or control used for retail or wholesale sales is allowed to exceed the maximum allowable quantity per control area where such storage is in accordance with
    Section 5003.11.
    d. Allowed only where used in approved exhausted gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures or under fume hoods.
    e. The maximum allowable quantity per control area for toxic liquids with vapor pressures in excess of 1 psia at 77°F shall be the maximum allowable quantity per control area
    listed for highly toxic liquids.
    f. Quantities in parentheses indicate quantity units in parentheses at the head of each column.|For SI: 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 m3, 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 pound per square inch absolute = 6.895 kPa,°C = (°F – 32)/1.8.
    a. For gallons of liquids, divide the amount in pounds by 10 in accordance with Section 5003.1.2.
    b. The aggregate quantities in storage and use shall not exceed the maximum allowable quantity for storage, including applicable increases.
    c. The aggregate quantity of nonflammable solid and nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazardous materials allowed in outdoor storage per single property under the
    same ownership or control used for retail or wholesale sales is allowed to exceed the maximum allowable quantity per control area where such storage is in accordance with
    Section 5003.11.
    d. Allowed only where used in approved exhausted gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures or under fume hoods.
    e. The maximum allowable quantity per control area for toxic liquids with vapor pressures in excess of 1 psia at 77°F shall be the maximum allowable quantity per control area
    listed for highly toxic liquids.
    f. Quantities in parentheses indicate quantity units in parentheses at the head of each column.|For SI: 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 m3, 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 pound per square inch absolute = 6.895 kPa,°C = (°F – 32)/1.8.
    a. For gallons of liquids, divide the amount in pounds by 10 in accordance with Section 5003.1.2.
    b. The aggregate quantities in storage and use shall not exceed the maximum allowable quantity for storage, including applicable increases.
    c. The aggregate quantity of nonflammable solid and nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazardous materials allowed in outdoor storage per single property under the
    same ownership or control used for retail or wholesale sales is allowed to exceed the maximum allowable quantity per control area where such storage is in accordance with
    Section 5003.11.
    d. Allowed only where used in approved exhausted gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures or under fume hoods.
    e.

  • CBC § 0.21 High relevance — show source text

    For uncartoned commodities on shelves 6 feet or less in height where the ceiling height does not exceed 18 feet, quantities are those permitted with a minimum sprin-
    kler design density of Ordinary Hazard Group 2.
    2. For cartoned, palletized or racked commodities where storage is 4 feet 6 inches or less in height and where the ceiling height does not exceed 18 feet, quantities are
    those permitted with a minimum sprinkler design density of 0.21 gallon per minute per square foot over the most remote 1,500-square-foot area.
    c. Where wholesale and retail sales or storage areas exceed 50,000 square feet in area, the maximum allowable quantities are allowed to be increased by 2 percent for each
    1,000 square feet of area in excess of 50,000 square feet, up to not more than 100 percent of the table amounts. A control area separation is not required. The cumulative
    amounts, including amounts attained by having an additional control area, shall not exceed 30,000 gallons.|

    2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE 4-39

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON OCCUPANCY AND USE

    [F] 414.2.5.3 Aerosol products, aerosol cooking spray products or plastic aerosol 3 products. The maximum quantity of aerosol products, aerosol cooking spray products or plastic aerosol 3 products in Group M occupancy retail display areas, storage areas adjacent to retail display areas and retail storage areas shall be in accordance with the California Fire Code .

    [F] 414.2.5.4 Flammable gas. The aggregate quantity of Category 1B flammable gas having a burning velocity of 3.9 inches per second (10 cm/s) or less stored and displayed within a single control area of a Group M occupancy or stored in a single control area of a Group S occupancy is allowed to exceed the maximum allowable quantities per control area specified in Table 307.1(1) without classifying the building or use as a Group H occupancy, provided that the materials are stored and displayed in accordance with the California Fire Code and quantities do not exceed the amounts specified in Table 414.2.5.4.

    [F] TABLE 414.2.5.4—MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY OF LOW BURNING VELOCITY
    CATEGORY 1B FLAMMABLE GAS IN GROUP M AND S OCCUPANCIES PER CONTROL AREAa    		 Col2 Col3
    CATEGORY 1B
    (Low BV)d    		 MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA
    CATEGORY 1B
    (Low BV)d    		 Sprinkleredb Nonsprinklered
    Gaseous 390,000 cu ft 195,000 cu ft
    Liquefied 40,000 lbc 20,000 lb
    For SI: 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 cubic foot = 0.028 m3, 1 inch per second = 2.54 cm/s.
    a. Control areas shall be separated from each other by not less than a 1-hour fire barrier.
    b.
  • CBC § 5003.11. High relevance — show source text

    The aggregate quantity of nonflammable solid and nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazardous materials allowed in outdoor storage per single property under the
    same ownership or control used for retail or wholesale sales is allowed to exceed the maximum allowable quantity per control area where such storage is in accordance with
    Section 5003.11.
    d. Allowed only where used in approved exhausted gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures or under fume hoods.
    e. The maximum allowable quantity per control area for toxic liquids with vapor pressures in excess of 1 psia at 77°F shall be the maximum allowable quantity per control area
    listed for highly toxic liquids.
    f. Quantities in parentheses indicate quantity units in parentheses at the head of each column.|For SI: 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 m3, 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 pound per square inch absolute = 6.895 kPa,°C = (°F – 32)/1.8.
    a. For gallons of liquids, divide the amount in pounds by 10 in accordance with Section 5003.1.2.
    b. The aggregate quantities in storage and use shall not exceed the maximum allowable quantity for storage, including applicable increases.
    c. The aggregate quantity of nonflammable solid and nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazardous materials allowed in outdoor storage per single property under the
    same ownership or control used for retail or wholesale sales is allowed to exceed the maximum allowable quantity per control area where such storage is in accordance with
    Section 5003.11.
    d. Allowed only where used in approved exhausted gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures or under fume hoods.
    e. The maximum allowable quantity per control area for toxic liquids with vapor pressures in excess of 1 psia at 77°F shall be the maximum allowable quantity per control area
    listed for highly toxic liquids.
    f. Quantities in parentheses indicate quantity units in parentheses at the head of each column.|For SI: 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 m3, 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 pound per square inch absolute = 6.895 kPa,°C = (°F – 32)/1.8.
    a. For gallons of liquids, divide the amount in pounds by 10 in accordance with Section 5003.1.2.
    b. The aggregate quantities in storage and use shall not exceed the maximum allowable quantity for storage, including applicable increases.
    c. The aggregate quantity of nonflammable solid and nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazardous materials allowed in outdoor storage per single property under the
    same ownership or control used for retail or wholesale sales is allowed to exceed the maximum allowable quantity per control area where such storage is in accordance with
    Section 5003.11.
    d. Allowed only where used in approved exhausted gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures or under fume hoods.
    e. The maximum allowable quantity per control area for toxic liquids with vapor pressures in excess of 1 psia at 77°F shall be the maximum allowable quantity per control area
    listed for highly toxic liquids.
    f. Quantities in parentheses indicate quantity units in parentheses at the head of each column.|For SI: 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 m3, 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 pound per square inch absolute = 6.895 kPa,°C = (°F – 32)/1.8.
    a.

  • CBC § 414.2.5.4 High relevance — show source text

    [F] 414.2.5.4 Flammable gas. The aggregate quantity of Category 1B flammable gas having a burning velocity of 3.9 inches per second (10 cm/s) or less stored and displayed within a single control area of a Group M occupancy or stored in a single control area of a Group S occupancy is allowed to exceed the maximum allowable quantities per control area specified in Table 307.1(1) without classifying the building or use as a Group H occupancy, provided that the materials are stored and displayed in accordance with the California Fire Code and quantities do not exceed the amounts specified in Table 414.2.5.4.

    [F] TABLE 414.2.5.4—MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY OF LOW BURNING VELOCITY
    CATEGORY 1B FLAMMABLE GAS IN GROUP M AND S OCCUPANCIES PER CONTROL AREAa    		 Col2 Col3
    CATEGORY 1B
    (Low BV)d    		 MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA
    CATEGORY 1B
    (Low BV)d    		 Sprinkleredb Nonsprinklered
    Gaseous 390,000 cu ft 195,000 cu ft
    Liquefied 40,000 lbc 20,000 lb
    For SI: 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 cubic foot = 0.028 m3, 1 inch per second = 2.54 cm/s.
    a. Control areas shall be separated from each other by not less than a 1-hour fire barrier.
    b. The building shall be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system with a minimum sprinkler design density of Ordinary Hazard Group 2 in the area
    where flammable gases are stored or displayed.
    c. Where storage areas exceed 50,000 square feet in area, the maximum allowable quantities area is allowed to be increased by 2 percent for each 1,000 square feet of area in excess
    of 50,000 square feet, up to not more than 100 percent of the table amounts. Separation of control areas is not required. The aggregate amount shall not exceed 80,000 pounds.
    d._ Low Burning Velocity_(Low BV) Category 1B flammable gas has a burning velocity of 3.9 in/s or less.    		 For SI: 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 cubic foot = 0.028 m3, 1 inch per second = 2.54 cm/s.
    a. Control areas shall be separated from each other by not less than a 1-hour fire barrier.
    b. The building shall be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system with a minimum sprinkler design density of Ordinary Hazard Group 2 in the area
    where flammable gases are stored or displayed.
    c. Where storage areas exceed 50,000 square feet in area, the maximum allowable quantities area is allowed to be increased by 2 percent for each 1,000 square feet of area in excess
    of 50,000 square feet, up to not more than 100 percent of the table amounts. Separation of control areas is not required.
  • CBC § 0.454 High relevance — show source text

    Corrosivesb, c|Not Applicable|9,750|975| |2. Highly toxics|Not Applicable|20b, c|2b, c| |3. Toxicsb, c|Not Applicable|1,000k|100| |B. Physical-hazard materials—nonflammable and noncombustible solids and liquids|B. Physical-hazard materials—nonflammable and noncombustible solids and liquids|B. Physical-hazard materials—nonflammable and noncombustible solids and liquids|B. Physical-hazard materials—nonflammable and noncombustible solids and liquids| |1. Oxidizersb, c|4|Not Allowed|Not Allowed| |1. Oxidizersb, c|3|1500g|150| |1. Oxidizersb, c|2|2,250h|225| |1. Oxidizersb, c|1|18,000i, j|1,800i, j| |2. Unstable (reactives)b, c|4|Not Allowed|Not Allowed| |2. Unstable (reactives)b, c|3|550|55| |2. Unstable (reactives)b, c|2|1,150|115| |2. Unstable (reactives)b, c|1|Not Limited|Not Limited| |3. Water reactives|3b, c|550|55| |3. Water reactives|2b, c|1,150|115| |3. Water reactives|1|Not Limited|Not Limited| |For SI: 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 gallon = 3.785 L.
    a. Hazard categories are as specified in the_California Fire Code_.
    b. Maximum allowable quantities shall be increased 100 percent in buildings that are sprinklered in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. Where Note c also applies, the increase
    for both notes shall be applied accumulatively.
    c. Maximum allowable quantities shall be increased 100 percent where stored in approved storage cabinets, in accordance with the_California Fire Code_. Where Note b also
    applies, the increase for both notes shall be applied accumulatively.
    d. See Table 414.2.2 for design and number of control areas.
    e. Allowable quantities for other hazardous material categories shall be in accordance with Section 307.
    f. Maximum quantities shall be increased 100 percent in outdoor control areas.
    g. Maximum amounts shall be increased to 2,250 pounds where individual packages are in the original sealed containers from the manufacturer or packager and do not exceed
    10 pounds each.
    h. Maximum amounts shall be increased to 4,500 pounds where individual packages are in the original sealed containers from the manufacturer or packager and do not exceed
    10 pounds each.
    i. The permitted quantities shall not be limited in a building equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
    j. Quantities are unlimited in an outdoor control area.
    k. Maximum allowable quantities of consumer products shall be increased to 10,000 pounds where individual packages are in the original, sealed containers from the manufac-
    turer and the toxic classification is exclusively based on the LC threshold and no other hazardous materials classifications apply.|For SI: 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 gallon = 3.785 L.
    a.

  • CBC § 903.3.1.1. High relevance — show source text

    Hazard categories are as specified in the_California Fire Code_.
    b. Maximum allowable quantities shall be increased 100 percent in buildings that are sprinklered in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. Where Note c also applies, the increase
    for both notes shall be applied accumulatively.
    c. Maximum allowable quantities shall be increased 100 percent where stored in approved storage cabinets, in accordance with the_California Fire Code_. Where Note b also
    applies, the increase for both notes shall be applied accumulatively.
    d. See Table 414.2.2 for design and number of control areas.
    e. Allowable quantities for other hazardous material categories shall be in accordance with Section 307.
    f. Maximum quantities shall be increased 100 percent in outdoor control areas.
    g. Maximum amounts shall be increased to 2,250 pounds where individual packages are in the original sealed containers from the manufacturer or packager and do not exceed
    10 pounds each.
    h. Maximum amounts shall be increased to 4,500 pounds where individual packages are in the original sealed containers from the manufacturer or packager and do not exceed
    10 pounds each.
    i. The permitted quantities shall not be limited in a building equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
    j. Quantities are unlimited in an outdoor control area.
    k. Maximum allowable quantities of consumer products shall be increased to 10,000 pounds where individual packages are in the original, sealed containers from the manufac-
    turer and the toxic classification is exclusively based on the LC threshold and no other hazardous materials classifications apply.|For SI: 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 gallon = 3.785 L.
    a. Hazard categories are as specified in the_California Fire Code_.
    b. Maximum allowable quantities shall be increased 100 percent in buildings that are sprinklered in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. Where Note c also applies, the increase
    for both notes shall be applied accumulatively.
    c. Maximum allowable quantities shall be increased 100 percent where stored in approved storage cabinets, in accordance with the_California Fire Code_. Where Note b also
    applies, the increase for both notes shall be applied accumulatively.
    d. See Table 414.2.2 for design and number of control areas.
    e. Allowable quantities for other hazardous material categories shall be in accordance with Section 307.
    f. Maximum quantities shall be increased 100 percent in outdoor control areas.
    g. Maximum amounts shall be increased to 2,250 pounds where individual packages are in the original sealed containers from the manufacturer or packager and do not exceed
    10 pounds each.
    h. Maximum amounts shall be increased to 4,500 pounds where individual packages are in the original sealed containers from the manufacturer or packager and do not exceed
    10 pounds each.
    i. The permitted quantities shall not be limited in a building equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
    j. Quantities are unlimited in an outdoor control area.
    k. Maximum allowable quantities of consumer products shall be increased to 10,000 pounds where individual packages are in the original, sealed containers from the manufac-
    turer and the toxic classification is exclusively based on the LC threshold and no other hazardous materials classifications apply.|For SI: 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 gallon = 3.785 L.
    a.

  • CBC § 414.2.5.2 High relevance — show source text
    [F] TABLE 414.2.5.2—MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY OF FLAMMABLE AND
    COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS IN WHOLESALE AND RETAIL SALES OCCUPANCIES PER CONTROL AREAa    		 Col2 Col3 Col4
    TYPE OF LIQUID MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA (gallons) MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA (gallons) MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA (gallons)
    TYPE OF LIQUID Sprinklered in accordance with
    Note b densities and arrangements    		 Sprinklered in accordance with Tables
    5704.3.6.3(4) through 5704.3.6.3(8) and
    5704.3.7.5.1 of theCalifornia Fire Code    		 Nonsprinklered
    Class IA 60 60 30
    Class IB, IC, II and IIIA 7,500c 15,000c 1,600
    Class IIIB Unlimited Unlimited 13,200
    For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2.
    a. Control areas shall be separated from each other by not less than a 1-hour fire barrier wall.
    b. To be considered as sprinklered, a building shall be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system with a design providing minimum densities as follows:
    1. For uncartoned commodities on shelves 6 feet or less in height where the ceiling height does not exceed 18 feet, quantities are those permitted with a minimum sprin-
    kler design density of Ordinary Hazard Group 2.
    2. For cartoned, palletized or racked commodities where storage is 4 feet 6 inches or less in height and where the ceiling height does not exceed 18 feet, quantities are
    those permitted with a minimum sprinkler design density of 0.21 gallon per minute per square foot over the most remote 1,500-square-foot area.
    c. Where wholesale and retail sales or storage areas exceed 50,000 square feet in area, the maximum allowable quantities are allowed to be increased by 2 percent for each
    1,000 square feet of area in excess of 50,000 square feet, up to not more than 100 percent of the table amounts. A control area separation is not required. The cumulative
    amounts, including amounts attained by having an additional control area, shall not exceed 30,000 gallons.    		 For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2.
    a. Control areas shall be separated from each other by not less than a 1-hour fire barrier wall.
    b. To be considered as sprinklered, a building shall be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system with a design providing minimum densities as follows:
    1. For uncartoned commodities on shelves 6 feet or less in height where the ceiling height does not exceed 18 feet, quantities are those permitted with a minimum sprin-
    kler design density of Ordinary Hazard Group 2.
    2.
  • CBC § 5704.3.4.1 High relevance — show source text
    TABLE 5704.3.4.1—MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA OF
    FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS IN WHOLESALE AND RETAIL SALES OCCUPANCIESa    		 Col2 Col3 Col4
    TYPE OF LIQUID MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA (gallons) MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA (gallons) MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA (gallons)
    TYPE OF LIQUID Sprinkleredb in accordance with
    footnote densities and arrangements    		 Sprinklered in accordance with
    Tables 5704.3.6.3(4) through 5704.3.6.3(8)
    and Table 5704.3.7.5.1    		 Nonsprinklered
    Class IA 60 60 30
    Class IB, IC, II and IIIA 7,500c 15,000c 1,600
    Class IIIB Unlimited Unlimited 13,200
    For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2.
    a. Control areas shall be separated from each other by not less than a 1-hour fire barrier.
    b. To be considered as sprinklered, a building shall be equipped throughout with an_approved_ automatic sprinkler system with a design providing minimum densities as follows:
    1. For uncartoned commodities on shelves 6 feet or less in height where the ceiling height does not exceed 18 feet, quantities are those allowed with a minimum sprinkler
    design density of Ordinary Hazard Group 2.
    2. For cartoned, palletized or racked commodities where storage is 4 feet 6 inches or less in height and where the ceiling height does not exceed 18 feet, quantities are
    those allowed with a minimum sprinkler design density of 0.21 gallon per minute per square foot over the most remote 1,500-square-foot area.
    c. Where wholesale and retail sales or storage areas exceed 50,000 square feet in area, the maximum allowable quantities are allowed to be increased by 2 percent for each
    1,000 square feet of area in excess of 50,000 square feet, up to not more than 100 percent of the table amounts. A control area separation is not required. The cumulative
    amounts, including amounts attained by having an additional control area, shall not exceed 30,000 gallons.    		 For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2.
    a. Control areas shall be separated from each other by not less than a 1-hour fire barrier.
    b. To be considered as sprinklered, a building shall be equipped throughout with an_approved_ automatic sprinkler system with a design providing minimum densities as follows:
    1. For uncartoned commodities on shelves 6 feet or less in height where the ceiling height does not exceed 18 feet, quantities are those allowed with a minimum sprinkler
    design density of Ordinary Hazard Group 2.
    2.
  • CBC § 5003.1.1 High relevance — show source text

    The aggregate quantities of gases used for maintenance purposes and operation of equipment shall not exceed the maximum allowable quantity per control area listed in Table 5003.1.1(1).

    Medical gas systems and medical gas supply cylinders shall also be in accordance with Section 5306.

    6303.1.2 Emergency shutoff. Compressed gas systems conveying oxidizing gases shall be provided with approved manual or automatic emergency shutoff valves that can be activated at each point of use and at each source.

    6303.1.2.1 Shutoff at source. A manual or automatic fail-safe emergency shutoff valve shall be installed on supply piping at the cylinder or bulk source. Manual or automatic cylinder valves are allowed to be used as the required emergency shutoff valve where the source of supply is limited to unmanifolded cylinder sources.

    6303.1.2.2 Shutoff at point of use. A manual or automatic emergency shutoff valve shall be installed on the supply piping at the point of use or at a point where the equipment using the gas is connected to the supply system.

    6303.1.3 Ignition source control. Ignition sources in areas containing oxidizing gases shall be controlled in accordance with Section 5003.7.

    6303.1.4 Class 1, 2 and 3 oxidizer storage configuration. The storage configuration of Class 1, 2 and 3 liquid and solid oxidizers shall be as set forth in Table 6303.1.4.

    TABLE 6303.1.4—STORAGE OF CLASS 1, 2 AND 3 OXIDIZER LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS Col2 Col3 Col4
    STORAGE CONFIGURATION LIMITS (feet) LIMITS (feet) LIMITS (feet)
    Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
    Piles Piles Piles Piles
    Maximum width 24 16 12
    Maximum height 20 Note c Note c
    Maximum distance to aisle 12 8 8
    Minimum distance to next pile 4a Note a Note a
    Minimum distance to walls 2b 2 4
    Maximum quantity per pile 200 tons MAQ NA
    Maximum quantity per building No Limit Note d Note d
    For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 ton = 0.907185 metric ton.
    MAQ = Maximum Allowable Quantity.
    NA = Not Applicable.
    a. The minimum aisle width shall be equal to the pile height, but not less than 4 feet and not greater than 8 feet.
    b. There shall not be a minimum distance from the pile to a wall for amounts less than 9,000 pounds.
    c. Maximum storage height in nonsprinklered buildings is limited to 6 feet. In sprinklered buildings, see NFPA 400 for storage heights based on ceiling sprinkler protection.
    d. Maximum quantity per building varies. See Chapter 50 for control areas and MAQs.    		 For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 ton = 0.907185 metric ton.
    MAQ = Maximum Allowable Quantity.
    NA = Not Applicable.
    a. The minimum aisle width shall be equal to the pile height, but not less than 4 feet and not greater than 8 feet.
    b.
  • CBC § 304.8 Medium relevance — show source text

    The minimum aisle width shall be equal to the pile height, but not less than 4 feet and not greater than 8 feet.
    b. There shall not be a minimum distance from the pile to a wall for amounts less than 9,000 pounds.
    c. Maximum storage height in nonsprinklered buildings is limited to 6 feet. In sprinklered buildings, see NFPA 400 for storage heights based on ceiling sprinkler protection.
    d. Maximum quantity per building varies. See Chapter 50 for control areas and MAQs.|For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 ton = 0.907185 metric ton.
    MAQ = Maximum Allowable Quantity.
    NA = Not Applicable.
    a. The minimum aisle width shall be equal to the pile height, but not less than 4 feet and not greater than 8 feet.
    b. There shall not be a minimum distance from the pile to a wall for amounts less than 9,000 pounds.
    c. Maximum storage height in nonsprinklered buildings is limited to 6 feet. In sprinklered buildings, see NFPA 400 for storage heights based on ceiling sprinkler protection.
    d. Maximum quantity per building varies. See Chapter 50 for control areas and MAQs.|For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 ton = 0.907185 metric ton.
    MAQ = Maximum Allowable Quantity.
    NA = Not Applicable.
    a. The minimum aisle width shall be equal to the pile height, but not less than 4 feet and not greater than 8 feet.
    b. There shall not be a minimum distance from the pile to a wall for amounts less than 9,000 pounds.
    c. Maximum storage height in nonsprinklered buildings is limited to 6 feet. In sprinklered buildings, see NFPA 400 for storage heights based on ceiling sprinkler protection.
    d. Maximum quantity per building varies. See Chapter 50 for control areas and MAQs.|For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 ton = 0.907185 metric ton.
    MAQ = Maximum Allowable Quantity.
    NA = Not Applicable.
    a. The minimum aisle width shall be equal to the pile height, but not less than 4 feet and not greater than 8 feet.
    b. There shall not be a minimum distance from the pile to a wall for amounts less than 9,000 pounds.
    c. Maximum storage height in nonsprinklered buildings is limited to 6 feet. In sprinklered buildings, see NFPA 400 for storage heights based on ceiling sprinkler protection.
    d. Maximum quantity per building varies. See Chapter 50 for control areas and MAQs.|

    6303.1.5 Class 3 liquid and solid oxidizers. Not more than 220 pounds (99 kg) of solid or 22 gallons (83 L) of liquid Class 3 oxidizer is allowed in storage and use where such materials are necessary for maintenance purposes or operation of equipment. The oxidizers shall be stored in approved containers and in an approved manner.

    SECTION 6304—STORAGE

  • CBC § 5003.11. Medium relevance — show source text

    The aggregate quantities in storage and use shall not exceed the maximum allowable quantity for storage, including applicable increases.
    c. The aggregate quantity of nonflammable solid and nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazardous materials allowed in outdoor storage per single property under the
    same ownership or control used for retail or wholesale sales is allowed to exceed the maximum allowable quantity per control area where such storage is in accordance with
    Section 5003.11.
    d. Allowed only where used in approved exhausted gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures or under fume hoods.
    e. The maximum allowable quantity per control area for toxic liquids with vapor pressures in excess of 1 psia at 77°F shall be the maximum allowable quantity per control area
    listed for highly toxic liquids.
    f. Quantities in parentheses indicate quantity units in parentheses at the head of each column.|

    50-10 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    HAZARDOUS MATERIALS—GENERAL PROVISIONS

    TABLE 5003.1.1(5)—HAZARDOUS MATERIALS EXEMPTIONSa Col2 Col3
    MATERIAL CLASSIFICATION OCCUPANCY OR
    APPLICATION    		 EXEMPTION
    Combustible fiber Baled cotton Densely packed baled cotton shall not be classified as combustible fiber, provided that
    the bales comply with the packing requirements of ISO 8115.
    Corrosive Building materials The quantity of commonly used building materials that are classified as corrosive
    materials is not limited.
    Corrosive Personal and
    household products    		 The quantity of personal and household products that are classified as corrosive materials
    is not limited in retail displays, provided that the products are in original packaging.
    Corrosive Retail and wholesale
    sales occupancies    		 The quantity of medicines, foodstuffs or consumer products, and cosmetics containing
    not more than 50 percent by volume of water-miscible liquids, with the remainder of
    the solutions not being flammable, is not limited.
    To qualify for this allowance, such materials shall be packaged in individual containers
    not exceeding 1.3 gallons.
    Explosives Groups B, F, M and S Storage of special industrial explosive devices is not limited.
    Explosives Groups M and R-3 Storage of black powder, smokeless propellant, and small arms primers is not limited.
    Flammable and combustible
    liquids and gases    		 Aerosols Buildings and structures occupied for the storage of aerosol products, aerosol cooking
    spray products, or plastic aerosol 3 products shall be classified as Group S-1.
    Flammable and combustible
    liquids and gases    		 Alcoholic beverages The quantity of alcoholic beverages in liquor stores and distributors without bulk
    storage is not limited.
    Flammable and combustible
    liquids and gases    		 Alcoholic beverages The quantity of alcoholic beverages in distilling or brewing of beverages is not limited.
    Flammable and combustible
    liquids and gases    		 Alcoholic beverages The storage quantity of beer, distilled spirits and wines in barrels and casks is not limited.
    Flammable and combustible
    liquids and gases    		 Alcoholic beverages The quantity of alcoholic beverages in retail and wholesale sales occupancies is not
    limited.
  • CBC § 307.1 Medium relevance — show source text

    Percentages shall be of the maximum allowable quantity per control area shown in Tables 307.1(1) and 307.1(2), with all increases allowed in the notes to those tables.
    b. Separation shall include fire barriers and horizontal assemblies as necessary to provide separation from other portions of the building.|a. Percentages shall be of the maximum allowable quantity per control area shown in Tables 307.1(1) and 307.1(2), with all increases allowed in the notes to those tables.
    b. Separation shall include fire barriers and horizontal assemblies as necessary to provide separation from other portions of the building.|a. Percentages shall be of the maximum allowable quantity per control area shown in Tables 307.1(1) and 307.1(2), with all increases allowed in the notes to those tables.
    b. Separation shall include fire barriers and horizontal assemblies as necessary to provide separation from other portions of the building.|a. Percentages shall be of the maximum allowable quantity per control area shown in Tables 307.1(1) and 307.1(2), with all increases allowed in the notes to those tables.
    b. Separation shall include fire barriers and horizontal assemblies as necessary to provide separation from other portions of the building.|a. Percentages shall be of the maximum allowable quantity per control area shown in Tables 307.1(1) and 307.1(2), with all increases allowed in the notes to those tables.
    b. Separation shall include fire barriers and horizontal assemblies as necessary to provide separation from other portions of the building.|

    [F] 414.2.3 Number. The maximum number of control areas within a building shall be in accordance with Table 414.2.2. For the purposes of determining the number of control areas within a building, each portion of a building separated by one or more fire walls complying with Section 706 shall be considered a separate building.

    [F] 414.2.4 Fire-resistance rating requirements. The required fire-resistance rating for fire barriers shall be in accordance with Table 414.2.2. The floor assembly of the control area and the construction supporting the floor of the control area shall have a fireresistance rating of not less than 2 hours.

    Exception: The floor assembly of the control area and the construction supporting the floor of the control area are allowed to be 1-hour fire-resistance-rated in buildings of Types IIA, IIIA, IV and VA construction, provided that both of the following conditions exist:

    1. The building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
    2. The building is three or fewer stories above grade plane.

    [F] 414.2.5 Hazardous material in Group M display and storage areas and in Group S storage areas. Hazardous materials located in Group M and Group S occupancies shall be in accordance with Sections 414.2.5.1 through 414.2.5.4.

  • CBC § 307.1 Medium relevance — show source text

    each having an occupant load greater than
    300 and a cumulative occupant load of these public assembly spaces of greater than 2,500.
    • Buildings and other structures containing Group E or Group I-4 occupancies or combination thereof, with an occupant load
    greater than 250.
    • Buildings and other structures containing educational occupancies for students above the 12th grade with an occupant load
    greater than 500.
    • Group I-3, Condition 1 occupancies.
    • Any other occupancy with an occupant load greater than 5,000.a
    • Power-generating stations with individual power units rated 75 MWAC (megawatts, alternating current) or greater, water treatment
    facilities for potable water, wastewater treatment facilities and other public utility facilities not included in Risk Category IV.
    • Buildings and other structures not included in Risk Category IV containing quantities of toxic or explosive materials that:
    • Exceed maximum allowable quantities per control area as given in Table 307.1(1) or 307.1(2) or per outdoor control area in
    accordance with the_California Fire Code_; and
    • Are sufficient to pose a threat to the public if released.b| |IV|Buildings and other structures designated as essential facilities and buildings where loss of function represents a substantial
    hazard to occupants or users, including but not limited to:
    •_ [OSHPD 1 & 4]_General Acute-care Hospital Buildings, General Acute-care Hospital Buildings providing only acute medical
    rehabilitation center services, and Correctional Treatment Center Buildings and all structures required for their continuous
    operation or access/egress.
    • Group I-2, Condition 2 occupancies.
    • Ambulatory care facilities having emergency surgery or emergency treatment facilities.
    • Group I-3 occupancies other than Condition 1.
    • Fire, rescue, ambulance and police stations and emergency vehicle garages
    • Designated earthquake, hurricane or other emergency shelters.
    • Designated emergency preparedness, communications and operations centers and other facilities required for emergency
    response [DSA-SS]as defined in the California Administrative Code (Title 24, Part 1, CCR) Section 4-207 and all structures
    required for their continuous operation or access/egress.
    • Public utility facilities providing power generation, potable water treatment, or wastewater treatment.
    • Power-generating stations and other public utility facilities required as emergency backup facilities for Risk Category IV structures.
    • Buildings and other structures containing quantities of highly toxic materials that:
    • Exceed maximum allowable quantities per control area as given in Table 307.1(2) or per outdoor control area in accordance
    with the_California Fire Code_; and
    • Are sufficient to pose a threat to the public if released.b
    • Aviation control towers, air traffic control centers and emergency aircraft hangars.
    • Buildings and other structures having critical national defense functions.
    • Water storage facilities and pump structures required to maintain water pressure for fire suppression.| |a. For purposes of occupant load calculation, occupancies required by Table 1004.5 to use gross floor area calculations shall be permitted to use net floor areas to determine the
    total occupant load. The floor area for vehicular drive aisles shall be permitted to be excluded in the determination of net floor area in parking garages.
    b.

Frequently asked questions

How do I know whether to use Table 307.1(1) or Table 307.1(2)?

Use Table 307.1(1) for many physical‑hazard materials and storage configurations; Table 307.1(2) is typically the table that addresses toxic/health hazard categories and laboratory‑suite percentage rules. Always read the table headers and notes to pick the correct table.

Do I add the sprinkler increase after reading a “sprinklered” column?

No — some CBC/CFC tables already show a separate column for sprinklered vs nonsprinklered conditions (use that column). Other tables give a base MAQ and a footnote that permits a 100% increase for buildings sprinklered per § 903.3.1.1; apply increases only as the specific table footnotes authorize.

Are outdoor control areas treated the same as indoor control areas?

Not always. Some categories have different MAQs outdoors, and some tables or footnotes permit larger or unlimited quantities outdoors. Check the table notes and the CFC cross‑references for outdoor allowances.

What if my material isn’t listed in the CBC table?

Follow the CFC classification system referenced by the CBC and check the CFC tables and Chapter 50/5003 tables for a matching hazard category or an applicable exemption.

Where do I find the number of control areas allowed per floor?

The CBC says to use Table 414.2.2 for the design and number of control areas (and related fire‑resistance ratings). If you need the numeric table entries and they are not available in your copy of the CBC, consult the code book’s Table 414.2.2 or the closely related CFC Table that addresses design/number of control areas.

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