CBC · California Building Code

Opening protectives: fire doors, windows and other assemblies — ratings and labels

For homeowners: the CBC requires any fire doors, fire windows or labeled opening assemblies to be tested and permanently labeled to show their fire rating and applicable tests; installers must use only listed components and follow NFPA 80 installation/maintenance rules so doors and glazing perform as intended in a fire.

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Last reviewed: July 5, 2026

What the code requires — 2-4 sentences

Opening protectives (fire doors, fire windows, shutters, curtains and other labeled assemblies) must be tested, labeled and installed to the fire protection or fire‑resistance rating required by Chapter 7 and the specific opening‑protective provisions in Section 716 of the California Building Code (§ 716). Fire door assemblies must meet the testing and performance requirements (NFPA 252 / UL 10B / UL 10C as applicable) and the rating shown in Table 716.1(2); fire window assemblies and fire‑protection‑rated glazing must be tested to NFPA 257 / UL 9 and labeled for the appropriate “OH–XXX” or other marking in Table 716.1(1) (§ 716, § 716.2, § 716.3). Installations and labeling must follow NFPA 80 (installation/maintenance) and the specifics in the code (for example, glazing size limits, hose‑stream and temperature‑rise requirements) (§ 716; § 716.2; § 716.3).

Requirements in detail

Scope and general rule

  • Opening protectives required elsewhere in the code are governed by Section 716 and must be installed in accordance with NFPA 80 (installation and labeling) (§ 716).

Fire door assemblies (testing, rating, labeling)

  • Fire door assemblies are required to conform to the test requirements and the fire protection rating indicated in Table 716.1(2) (§ 716.2.1). Tests for side‑hinged or pivoted swinging doors follow NFPA 252 or UL 10C (positive‑pressure testing for NFPA 252) (§ 716.2.1.1). Other door types (sliding, rolling, shutters, elevator doors) are tested per NFPA 252 or UL 10B, with furnace pressure requirements stated in the standard (§ 716.2.1.2).
  • Performance: fire doors must be installed where Table 716.1(2) requires them and must meet the specified fire protection rating (§ 716.2.2). For some 20‑minute corridor/smoke‑barrier doors the hose‑stream test is not required (see § 716.2.2.1) (§ 716.2.2.1).
  • Labeling: fire doors, frames and glazing used as part of a fire door assembly must be labeled per Section 716.2.9; frames must show manufacturer and third‑party agency; smoke & draft control doors must show an “S” on the rating label where UL 1784 compliance is required (§ 716.2.9, § 716.2.9.3, § 716.2.9.4, § 716.2.9.5). Oversized doors must carry an oversized label or an approved certificate (§ 716.2.9.2).

Fire window assemblies and fire‑protection‑rated glazing

  • Fire window assemblies must meet the test requirements and the fire protection rating in Table 716.1(3) (§ 716.3.1). Fire‑protection‑rated glazing used in fire window assemblies must be tested to NFPA 257 or UL 9 under positive pressure and labeled by an approved agency (§ 716.3.1, § 716.3.1.1, § 716.3.5).
  • Fire‑protection‑rated glazing in certain exterior or partition openings has minimum ratings (e.g., openings requiring protection per Sections 705.3, 705.9 etc. must have not less than 3/4‑hour rating; 1/2‑hour partitions may permit 20‑minute glazing) — see § 716.3.4 for the specific allowances and exceptions (§ 716.3.4).
  • Glazing must be installed in labeled frames and comply with NFPA 80 size limits; nonsymmetrical systems may require testing with both faces exposed and the lower duration controls the assigned rating (§ 716.3.4, § 716.3.1.2, § 716.3.4.1).

Markings and label contents

  • The code defines letter markings for fire‑rated glazing and assemblies in Table 716.1(1) (examples: “D” = fire door assembly, “H” = door hose stream, “OH” = fire window meeting hose stream, “W” = wall assembly, “XXX” = minutes of rating) (§ 716.1.2 and Table 716.1(1)). Fire‑protection glazing labels must show the “OH–XXX” form where applicable; fire‑resistance glazing labels follow Section 703.4 requirements (§ 716.1.2.2.2, § 716.1.2.2.3).
  • Fire doors used for smoke/draft control must display the “S” marking on the fire‑rating label to indicate compliance with UL 1784 when gasketing is required (§ 716.2.9.3).

Installation and components

  • Listed component kits (vision kits, light kits, louvers, glazing) that are installed per the listing are considered part of the labeled door; listed or labeled components from different third‑party agencies are permitted if the listing allows it (§ 716.2.9.1). Fire door operators, oversized door certificates, and frame identification are specifically addressed (§ 716.2.9.1–.6) (§ 716.2.9).
  • Fire protective curtain assemblies must be tested to UL 10D (without hose stream) and labeled per § 716.4 and installed per NFPA 80 (§ 716.4.1–.3) (§ 716.4).

Decision‑relevant dimensions/values (quick reference table)

Item Typical values / options Code reference
Test standards for swinging fire doors NFPA 252 or UL 10C (positive pressure for NFPA 252) § 716.2.1.1
Test standards for other door types (rolling, sliding, shutters) NFPA 252 or UL 10B § 716.2.1.2
Test standard for fire windows / glazing NFPA 257 or UL 9 (positive pressure) § 716.3.1.1
Hose‑stream requirement marking “H” on label when hose‑stream met; “OH” for fire windows that meet hose‑stream Table 716.1(1); § 716.1.2.2.2
Minimum glazing allowed in 20‑minute doors 20‑minute fire‑protection glazing; exempt from hose‑stream when in 20‑minute corridor/smoke‑barrier door § 716.2.2.1; § 716.2.5.3
Exterior opening minimum when required by § 705 Not less than 3/4‑hour where indicated (see § 716.3.4 for glazing allowances) § 716.3.4
Installation / maintenance standard NFPA 80 (installation and inspection) § 716; § 705.2
Smoke/draft control marking “S” shown on fire‑rating label when UL 1784 compliance is required § 716.2.9.3

Exceptions & special cases

  • The code permits labeled protective assemblies that meet the section requirements or certain UL standards for tin‑clad assemblies and specific floor fire door assemblies (see the exceptions to § 716.2.1) — verify the listed alternative standard in the exception text (§ 716.2.1 exceptions).
  • A 20‑minute fire door assembly required in corridor walls or smoke barriers may be tested without the hose‑stream test (this is a specific performance allowance tied to the 20‑minute rating) (§ 716.2.2.1).
  • Fire‑protection‑rated glazing is generally prohibited in fire walls and fire barriers except for limited vision panels (horizontal exits) or certain 1/2‑hour fire‑protection glazing allowances; those exceptions (size and application limits) are spelled out in § 716.2.5.1.x and § 716.3.4 (§ 716.2.5.1.2 and subparts; § 716.3.4).
  • Nonsymmetrical glazing systems (different faces) must be tested with both faces exposed and the shorter test duration controls the assigned rating (§ 716.3.1.2) (§ 716.3.1.2).

Common mistakes

  • Installing glazing or doors without a permanent label showing the manufacturer, test standard and rating. The code requires labeled glazing and labeled door/frame assemblies (§ 716.2.9.5; § 716.3.5.2) — failure to confirm labels is a frequent compliance issue.
  • Using fire‑resistance glazing tested for wall assemblies (ASTM E119 / UL 263) improperly as fire‑protection glazing without confirming listing and installation per the glazing’s labeling and the code (§ 716.1.2.3; § 716.3.5). Always confirm the specific test standard and listing.
  • Substituting components (vision kits, hardware, light kits) that are not listed for use with the labeled door or not installed per the listing. The code permits listed components only when installed under the listing program (§ 716.2.9.1) — mixing unlabeled components voids the assembly listing.
  • Overlooking frame labeling and third‑party identification for fire door frames; frames must be labeled and show manufacturer and inspection agency (§ 716.2.9.4).
  • Forgetting smoke/draft control marking (“S”) when gasketing or draft control is part of the assembly—UL 1784 compliance and labeling are required where the assembly serves smoke control functions (§ 716.2.9.3).
  • Confusing hose‑stream and temperature‑rise markings and assuming a glazing or door meets hose‑stream unless the “H” or “OH” marking or the label shows compliance (§ Table 716.1(1); § 716.1.2.2.2).

Worked example

Scenario: A tenant improvement installs a pair of side‑hinged doors across a corridor that is part of a smoke barrier. The design requires the doors to provide 20 minutes of fire protection; the door includes a 100 in² vision panel.

Apply the code:

  1. The corridor/smoke‑barrier door requirement (20 minutes) triggers the fire door assembly rules in § 716.2 and the special performance rule that 20‑minute door tests are permitted without hose‑stream (§ 716.2.2.1). Confirm the door assembly is tested to NFPA 252 or UL 10C for a 20‑minute rating (positive‑pressure NFPA 252 procedure when used) (§ 716.2.1.1; § 716.2.2.1).
  2. The glazing in the door itself must be at least 20‑minute fire‑protection‑rated glazing and, per § 716.2.5.3, is exempt from the hose‑stream test when used in a 20‑minute fire door assembly — confirm the glazing label shows the 20‑minute rating and appropriate marking (e.g., “OH–020” or other applicable label per Table 716.1(1) and § 716.1.2.2.2) (§ 716.2.5.3; Table 716.1(1); § 716.1.2.2.2).
  3. Verify the door and frame are labeled by an approved agency, and that any vision kit is listed for use with that door assembly; ensure door closers/hardware are listed or installed per the listing (§ 716.2.9.1; § 716.2.9.4).
  4. Recordkeeping/inspection: install per NFPA 80 and maintain per inspection schedules (see NFPA 80 references in § 716 and inspection requirements in § 705) (§ 716; § 705.2).

Result: Use a door assembly unit that is labeled as a 20‑minute fire door (per NFPA 252 / UL 10C test), include a 20‑minute labeled glazing unit, ensure the door frame and vision kit are listed for that assembly, and document the installation/labeling per NFPA 80 and the code. If any component lacks the required label/listing, the assembly is noncompliant.

Related provisions

  • § 716 (Opening protectives — general, installation per NFPA 80) —
  • § 716.2 (Fire door assemblies — testing, performance) —
  • § 716.2.2.1 (20‑minute door assemblies in corridors/smoke barriers — hose‑stream exemption) —
  • § 716.2.9 (Labeling, oversized door rules, smoke/draft control labeling) —
  • § 716.3 (Fire window assemblies — testing and glazing requirements) —
  • § 716.3.4 (Fire‑protection‑rated glazing — ratings, limits and frame requirements) —
  • § 705.2 / § 705.9 (Inspection, maintenance and exterior opening protection references) —

Code references

Grounded in the retrieved California Building Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

  • CBC § 716.2.3 High relevance — show source text

    716.2.3 Fire doors. Fire doors installed within a fire door assembly shall meet the fire rating indicated in Table 716.1(2).

    716.2.4 Fire door frames. Fire door frames installed as part of a fire door assembly shall meet the fire rating indicated in Table 716.1(2).

    716.2.5 Glazing in fire door assemblies. Fire-rated glazing conforming to the opening protection requirements in Section 716.2.1 shall be permitted in fire door assemblies.

    716.2.5.1 Size limitations. Fire-resistance-rated glazing shall comply with the size limitations in Section 716.2.5.1.1. Fireprotection-rated glazing shall comply with the size limitations of NFPA 80, and as provided in Section 716.2.5.1.2.

    716.2.5.1.1 Fire-resistance-rated glazing in door assemblies in fire walls and fire barriers rated greater than 1 hour. Fire-resistance-rated glazing tested to ASTM E119 or UL 263 and NFPA 252, UL 10B or UL 10C shall be permitted in fire door assemblies located in fire walls and in fire barriers in accordance with Table 716.1(2) to the maximum size tested and in accordance with their listings.

    716.2.5.1.2 Fire-protection-rated glazing in door assemblies in fire walls and fire barriers rated greater than 1 hour. Fire-protection-rated glazing shall be prohibited in fire walls and fire barriers except as provided in Sections 716.2.5.1.2.1 and 716.2.5.1.2.2.

    716.2.5.1.2.1 Horizontal exits. Fire-protection-rated glazing shall be permitted as vision panels in self-closing swinging fire door assemblies serving as horizontal exits in fire walls where limited to 100 square inches (0.065 m [2] ). 716.2.5.1.2.2 Fire barriers. Fire-protection-rated glazing shall be permitted in fire doors having a 1 [1] / 2 -hour fire protection rating intended for installation in fire barriers, where limited to 100 square inches (0.065 m [2] ).

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    FIRE AND SMOKE PROTECTION FEATURES

    716.2.5.2 Elevator, stairway and ramp protectives. Approved fire-protection-rated glazing used in fire door assemblies in elevator, stairway and ramp enclosures shall be so located as to furnish clear vision of the passageway or approach to the elevator, stairway or ramp.

    716.2.5.3 Glazing in door assemblies in corridors and smoke barriers. In a 20-minute fire door assembly, the glazing material in the door itself shall have a minimum fire-protection-rated glazing of 20 minutes and shall be exempt from the hose stream test.

  • CBC § 716.1.2.2.2 High relevance — show source text

    716.1.2.2.2 Fire-protection-rated glazing identification. For fire-protection-rated glazing, the label shall bear the following identification required in Tables 716.1(1) and 716.1(3): “OH – XXX.” “OH” indicates that the glazing meets both the fire protection and the hose-stream requirements of NFPA 257 or UL 9 and is permitted to be used in fire window openings. The placeholder “XXX” represents the fire-rating period, in minutes.

    716.1.2.2.3 Fire-resistance-rated glazing identification. For fire-resistance-rated glazing, the label shall bear the identification required in Section 703.4 and Table 716.1(1).

    716.1.2.2.4 Fire-rated glazing that exceeds the code requirements. Fire-rated glazing assemblies marked as complying with hose stream requirements (H) shall be permitted in applications that do not require compliance with hose stream requirements. Fire-rated glazing assemblies marked as complying with temperature rise requirements (T) shall be permitted in applications that do not require compliance with temperature rise requirements. Fire-rated glazing assemblies marked with ratings (XXX) that exceed the ratings required by this code shall be permitted.

    716.1.2.3 Fire-resistance-rated glazing. Fire-resistance-rated glazing tested as part of a fire-resistance-rated wall or floor/ceiling assembly in accordance with ASTM E119 or UL 263 and labeled in accordance with Section 703.4 shall not otherwise be required to comply with this section where used as part of a wall or floor/ceiling assembly.

    716.1.2.3.1 Glazing in fire door and fire window assemblies. Fire-resistance-rated glazing shall be permitted in fire door and fire window assemblies where tested and installed in accordance with their listings and where in compliance with the requirements of this section.

    716.2 Fire door assemblies. Fire door assemblies required by other sections of this code shall comply with the provisions of this section. Fire door frames with transom lights, sidelights or both shall be permitted in accordance with Section 716.2.5.4.

    716.2.1 Testing requirements. Approved fire door and fire shutter assemblies shall be constructed of any material or assembly of component materials that conforms to the test requirements of Sections 716.2.1.1 through 716.2.1.4 and the fire protection rating indicated in Table 716.1(2).

    Exceptions:

    1. Labeled protective assemblies that conform to the requirements of this section or UL 10A, UL 14B and UL 14C for tinclad fire door assemblies.

    2. Floor fire door assemblies in accordance with Section 712.1.13.1.

    716.2.1.1 Side-hinged or pivoted swinging doors. Fire door assemblies with side-hinged and pivoted swinging doors shall be tested in accordance with NFPA 252 or UL 10C. For tests conducted in accordance with NFPA 252, the fire test shall be conducted using the positive pressure method specified in the standard.

  • CBC § 1103.4.9.3 High relevance — show source text

    1103.4.9.3 Automatic sprinkler system. Chutes shall be equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.2.11.2.

    1103.4.9.4 Chute discharge rooms. Chutes shall terminate in a dedicated chute discharge room. Such rooms shall be separated from the remainder of the building by not less than 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction. Opening protectives shall be in accordance with Section 716 of the California Building Code and have a fire protection rating of not less than 1 hour.

    1103.4.9.5 Chute discharge protection. Chute discharges shall be equipped with a self-closing or automatic-closing opening protective in accordance with Section 716 of the California Building Code and having a fire protection rating of not less than 1 hour.

    1103.4.10 Flue-fed incinerators. Existing flue-fed incinerator rooms and associated flue shafts shall be protected with 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction and shall not have other vertical openings connected with the space other than the associated flue. Opening protectives shall be in accordance with Section 716 of the California Building Code and have a fire protection rating of not less than 1 hour.

    1103.5 Sprinkler systems. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided in existing buildings in accordance with Sections 1103.5.1 through 1103.5.5.

    1103.5.1 Group A-2. Where alcoholic beverages are consumed in a Group A-2 occupancy having an occupant load of 300 or more, the fire area containing the Group A-2 occupancy shall be equipped with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

    1103.5.2 Group I-2. In Group I-2, an automatic sprinkler system shall be provided in accordance with Section 1105.9.

    1103.5.3 Group I-2, Condition 2. In addition to the requirements of Section 1103.5.2, existing buildings of Group I-2, Condition 2 occupancy shall be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. The automatic sprinkler system shall be installed as established by the adopting ordinance. [ DATE BY WHICH SPRINKLER SYSTEM MUST BE

    INSTALLED ] .

    1103.5.4 High-rise buildings. Where Appendix M has not been adopted, existing high-rise buildings that do not have a previously approved automatic sprinkler system shall be equipped with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 where any of the following conditions apply:

    1. The high-rise building has an occupied floor located more than 120 feet (36 576 mm) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access.
    2. The high-rise building has occupied floors located more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) and not more than 120 feet (36 576 mm) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access, and the building does not have at least two interior exit stairways complying with Section 1104.10 that are separated from the building interior by fire assemblies having a fireresistance rating of not less than 2 hours with opening protection in accordance with Table 716.1(2) of the California Building Code .
  • CBC § 909.5.1 High relevance — show source text

    where:

    A = Total leakage area, square feet (m [2] ). A F = Unit floor or roof area of barrier, square feet (m [2] ). A w = Unit wall area of barrier, square feet (m [2] ).

    The leakage area ratios shown do not include openings due to gaps around doors and operable windows. The total leakage area of the smoke barrier shall be determined in accordance with Section 909.5.1 and tested in accordance with Section 909.5.2.

    909.5.1 Total leakage area. Total leakage area of the barrier is the product of the smoke barrier gross area multiplied by the allowable leakage area ratio, plus the area of other openings such as gaps around doors and operable windows.

    909.5.2 Testing of leakage area. Compliance with the maximum total leakage area shall be determined by achieving the minimum air pressure difference across the barrier with the system in the smoke control mode for mechanical smoke control systems utilizing the pressurization method. Compliance with the maximum total leakage area of passive smoke control systems shall be verified through methods such as door fan testing or other methods, as approved by the fire code official.

    909.5.3 Opening protection. Openings in smoke barriers shall be protected by automatic-closing devices actuated by the required controls for the mechanical smoke control system. Door openings shall be protected by fire door assemblies complying with Section 716 of the California Building Code .

    Exceptions:

    1. Passive smoke control systems with automatic-closing devices actuated by spot-type smoke detectors listed for releasing service installed in accordance with Section 907.3. When used in a Group I-2, such detectors shall activate the fire alarm system and shall close all the smoke barrier doors within the effected zone.
    2. Fixed openings between smoke zones that are protected utilizing the airflow method in other than Group I-2.
    3. In Group I-2, R-2.1 and ambulatory care facilities, where a pair of opposite-swinging doors are installed across a corridor in accordance with Section 909.5.3.1, the doors shall not be required to be protected in accordance with Section 716 of

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    FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS

    the California Building Code . The doors shall be close-fitting within operational tolerances and shall not have a center mullion. Positive-latching devices are required. Doors installed across corridors shall comply with Section 1010.1.1. 4. In Group I-2, R-2.1 and ambulatory care facilities, where such doors are special-purpose horizontal sliding, accordion or folding door assemblies installed in accordance with Section 1010.3.3 and are automatic closing by smoke detection in accordance with Section 716.2.6.6 of the California Building Code they shall be protected in accordance with Section 716 of the California Building Code. Doors installed across corridors shall comply with Section 1010.1.1.

    1. Group I-3.
    2. Openings between smoke zones with clear ceiling heights of 14 feet (4267 mm) or greater and bank-down capacity of greater than 20 minutes as determined by the design fire size. 7. In Group I-2, smoke damper activation may be accomplished by a fire alarm control unit provided that an open area smoke detection system is provided within all areas served by an HVAC system.
  • CBC § 10-51 High relevance — show source text

    The minimum fire-resistance rating of the separation shall be 2 hours. Opening protectives in horizontal exits shall also comply with Section 716 of the California Building Code . Duct and air transfer openings in a fire wall or fire barrier that serves as a horizontal exit shall also comply with Section 717 of the California Building Code . The horizontal exit separation shall extend vertically through all levels of the building unless floor assemblies have a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 hours and do not have unprotected openings.

    Exception: A fire-resistance rating is not required at horizontal exits between a building area and an above-grade pedestrian walkway constructed in accordance with Section 3104 of the California Building Code, provided that the distance between connected buildings is more than 20 feet (6096 mm).

    Horizontal exits constructed as fire barriers shall be continuous from exterior wall to exterior wall so as to divide completely the floor served by the horizontal exit.

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    MEANS OF EGRESS

    [BE] 1026.3 Opening protectives. Fire doors in horizontal exits shall be self-closing or automatic-closing when activated by a smoke detector in accordance with Section 716.2.6.6 of the California Building Code . Doors, where located in a cross-corridor condition, shall be automatic-closing by activation of a smoke detector installed in accordance with Section 716.2.6.6 of the California Building Code .

    [BE] 1026.4 Refuge area. The refuge area of a horizontal exit shall be a space occupied by the same tenant or a public area and each such refuge area shall be adequate to accommodate the original occupant load of the refuge area plus the occupant load anticipated from the adjoining compartment. The anticipated occupant load from the adjoining compartment shall be based on the capacity of the horizontal exit doors entering the refuge area, or the total occupant load of the adjoining compartment, whichever is less.

    [BE] 1026.4.1 Capacity. The capacity of the refuge area shall be computed based on a net floor area allowance of 3 square feet (0.2787 m [2] ) for each occupant to be accommodated therein. Where the horizontal exit also forms a smoke compartment, the capacity of the refuge area for Group I-2, I-3 and R-2.1 occupancies and Group B ambulatory care facilities shall comply with Sections 407.5.3, 408.6.2, 420.6.1, 420.6.2 and 422.3.2 of the California Building Code as applicable.

    [BE] 1026.4.2 Number of exits. The refuge area into which a horizontal exit leads shall be provided with exits adequate to meet the occupant requirements of this chapter, but not including the added occupant load imposed by persons entering the refuge area through horizontal exits from other areas. In other than I-3 occupancies, not less than one refuge area exit shall lead directly to the exterior or to an interior exit stairway or ramp.

    Exception: The adjoining compartment shall not be required to have a stairway or door leading directly outside, provided that the refuge area into which a horizontal exit leads has stairways or doors leading directly outside and are so arranged that egress shall not require the occupants to return through the compartment from which egress originates.

  • CBC § 716.2.9.1.1 High relevance — show source text

    716.2.9.1.1 Light kits, louvers and components. Listed light kits and louvers and their required preparations shall be considered as part of the labeled door where such installations are done under the listing program of the third-party agency. Fire doors and fire door assemblies shall be permitted to consist of components, including glazing, vision light kits and hardware that are listed or classified and labeled for such use by different third-party agencies.

    716.2.9.2 Oversized doors. Oversized fire doors shall bear an oversized fire door label by an approved agency or shall be provided with a certificate of inspection furnished by an approved testing agency. Where a certificate of inspection is furnished by an approved testing agency, the certificate shall state that the door conforms to the requirements of design, materials and construction, but has not been subjected to the fire test.

    716.2.9.3 Smoke and draft control door labeling requirements. Smoke and draft control doors complying with UL 1784 shall be labeled in accordance with Section 716.2.9.1 and shall show the letter “S” on the fire-rating label of the door. This marking shall indicate that the door and frame assembly are in compliance where listed or labeled gasketing is installed.

    716.2.9.4 Fire door frame labeling requirements. Fire door frames shall be labeled showing the names of the manufacturer and the third-party inspection agency.

    Exception: In Group I-3 doors that are required to be 45 minutes or higher shall be fire-rated assemblies or certified by the manu- facturer as being equivalent to the required standard.

    716.2.9.5 Labeling. Fire-rated glazing shall bear a label or other identification showing the name of the manufacturer, the test standard and information required in Table 716.1(1) that shall be issued by an approved agency and shall be permanently identified on the glazing.

    716.2.9.6 Fire door operator labeling requirements. Fire door operators for horizontal sliding doors shall be labeled and listed for use with the assembly.

    716.2.10 Installation of door assemblies in corridors and smoke barriers. Installation of smoke doors shall be in accordance

    with NFPA 105.

    716.3 Fire window assemblies. Fire window assemblies required by other sections of this code shall comply with the provisions of this section.

    716.3.1 Testing requirements. Fire window assemblies shall be constructed of any material or assembly of component materials that conforms to the test requirements of Sections 716.3.1.1 and 716.3.1.2 and the fire protection rating indicated in Table 716.1(3).

    716.3.1.1 Testing under positive pressure. NFPA 257 or UL 9 shall evaluate fire-protection-rated glazing under positive pressure. Within the first 10 minutes of a test, the pressure in the furnace shall be adjusted so not less than two-thirds of the test specimen is above the neutral pressure plane, and the neutral pressure plane shall be maintained at that height for the balance of the test.

    716.3.1.2 Nonsymmetrical glazing systems. Nonsymmetrical fire-protection-rated glazing systems in fire partitions, fire barriers or in exterior walls with a fire separation distance of 10 feet (3048 mm) or less pursuant to Section 705 shall be tested with both faces exposed to the furnace, and the assigned fire protection rating shall be the shortest duration obtained from the two tests conducted in compliance with NFPA 257 or UL 9.

  • CBC § 704.3 High relevance — show source text

    704.3 Opening protectives. Where openings are required to be protected, opening protectives shall be maintained self-closing or automatic-closing by smoke detection. Existing fusible-link-type automatic door-closing devices are permitted if the fusible link rating does not exceed 135°F (57°C).

    SECTION 705—DOOR AND WINDOW OPENINGS

    705.1 General. Where required when the building was originally constructed, opening protectives installed in fire-resistance-rated assemblies, smoke barriers and smoke partitions shall be inspected and maintained in accordance with this section.

    705.2 Inspection and maintenance. Opening protectives in fire-resistance-rated assemblies shall be inspected and maintained in accordance with NFPA 80. Opening protectives in smoke barriers shall be inspected and maintained in accordance with NFPA 80 and NFPA 105. Openings in smoke partitions shall be inspected and maintained in accordance with NFPA 105. Fire doors and smoke and draft control doors shall not be blocked, obstructed, or otherwise made inoperable. Fusible links shall be replaced promptly whenever fused or damaged. Opening protectives and smoke and draft control doors shall not be modified.

    705.2.1 Labeling requirements. Where approved by the fire code official, the application of field-applied labels associated with the maintenance of opening protectives shall follow the requirements of the approved third-party certification organization accredited for listing the opening protective.

    705.2.2 Signs. Where required by the fire code official, a sign shall be permanently displayed on or near each fire door in letters not less than 1 inch (25 mm) high to read as follows:

    1. For doors designed to be kept normally open: “FIRE DOOR—DO NOT BLOCK.”
    2. For doors designed to be kept normally closed: “FIRE DOOR—KEEP CLOSED.”

    705.2.3 Hold-open devices and closers. Hold-open devices and automatic door closers, where provided, shall be maintained. During the period that such device is out of service for repairs, the door it operates shall remain in the closed position.

    705.2.4 Door operation. Swinging fire doors shall close from the full-open position and latch automatically.

    705.2.5 Smoke- and heat-activated doors. Smoke-activated doors shall be maintained to self-close or automatically close upon detection of smoke. Existing fusible-link-type automatic door-closing devices are permitted if the fusible link rating does not exceed 135°F (57°C).

    705.2.6 Testing. Horizontal and vertical sliding and rolling fire doors shall be inspected and tested annually to confirm proper operation and full closure. Records of inspections and testing shall be maintained.

    705.2.7 Periodic inspection and testing of rolling steel fire doors. Rolling steel fire doors shall be inspected and tested annually by a trained rolling steel fire door systems technician in accordance with the applicable provisions of NFPA 80. Records of inspections and testing shall be maintained.

    7-4 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    FIRE AND SMOKE PROTECTION FEATURES

    SECTION 706—DUCT AND AIR TRANSFER OPENINGS

  • CBC § 716.3.2.1.3 High relevance — show source text

    716.3.2.1.3 Where [1] / 3 -hour-fire-protection window assemblies permitted. Fire-protection-rated glazing shall be permitted in window assemblies tested to NFPA 257 or UL 9 in fire partitions requiring [1] / 3 -hour opening protection in accordance with Table 716.1(3).

    716.3.3 Fire window frames. Fire window frames installed with a fire window assembly shall meet the fire-protection rating indicated in Table 716.1(3).

    716.3.3.1 Window mullions. Metal mullions that exceed a nominal height of 12 feet (3658 mm) shall be protected with materials to afford the same fire-resistance rating as required for the wall construction in which the protective is located.

    716.3.4 Fire-protection-rated glazing. Glazing in fire window assemblies shall be fire protection rated in accordance with this section and Table 716.1(3). Fire-protection-rated glazing in fire window assemblies shall be tested in accordance with and shall meet the acceptance criteria of NFPA 257 or UL 9. Openings in nonfire-resistance-rated exterior wall assemblies that require protection in accordance with Section 705.3, 705.9, 705.9.5 or 705.9.6 shall have a fire protection rating of not less than [3] / 4 hour. Fire-protection-rated glazing in [1] / 2 -hour fire-resistance-rated partitions is permitted to have a 20-minute fire protection rating.

    716.3.4.1 Glass and glazing. Glazing in fire window assemblies shall be fire-protection-rated glazing installed in accordance with and complying with the size limitations set forth in NFPA 80.

    716.3.5 Labeled protective assemblies. Glazing in fire window assemblies shall be labeled by an approved agency. The labels shall comply with NFPA 80 and Section 716.3.5.2.

    716.3.5.1 Fire window frames. Fire window frames shall be approved for the intended application.

    716.3.5.2 Labeling requirements. Fire-protection-rated glazing shall bear a label or other identification showing the name of the manufacturer, the test standard and information required in Section 716.1.2.2.2 and Table 716.1(3) that shall be issued by an approved agency and permanently identified on the glazing.

    716.3.6 Installation. Fire window assemblies shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of this section.

    716.3.6.1 Closure. Fire-protection-rated glazing shall be in the fixed position or be automatic-closing and shall be installed in labeled frames.

    716.4 Fire protective curtain assembly. Approved fire protective curtain assemblies shall be constructed of any materials or assembly of component materials tested without hose stream in accordance with UL 10D, and shall comply with the Sections 716.4.1 through 716.4.3.

    716.4.1 Label. Fire protective curtain assemblies used as opening protectives in fire-rated walls and smoke partitions shall be labeled in accordance with Section 716.2.9.

    716.4.2 Smoke and draft control. Fire protective curtain assemblies used to protect openings where smoke and draft control assemblies are required shall comply with Section 716.2.1.4.

    716.4.3 Installation. Fire protective curtain assemblies shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 80.

    SECTION 717—DUCTS AND AIR TRANSFER OPENINGS

  • CBC § 705.9.2 High relevance — show source text
    1. Buildings whose exterior bearing walls, exterior nonbearing walls and exterior primary structural frame are not required to be fire-resistance rated shall be permitted to have unlimited unprotected openings.

    705.9.2 Protected openings. Where openings are required to be protected, opening protectives shall comply with Section 716.

    Exception: Opening protectives are not required where the building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 and the exterior openings are protected by a water curtain using automatic sprinklers approved for that use.

    705.9.3 Unprotected openings. Where unprotected openings are permitted, windows and doors shall be constructed of any approved materials. Glazing shall conform to the requirements of Chapters 24 and 26.

    705.9.4 Mixed openings. Where both unprotected and protected openings are located in the exterior wall in any story of a building, the total area of openings shall be determined in accordance with the following: Equation 7-2 ( A p / a p ) + ( A u / a u ) ≤ 1 A p = Actual area of protected openings, or the equivalent area of protected openings, A e (see Section 705.8). a p = Allowable area of protected openings. A u = Actual area of unprotected openings.

    a u = Allowable area of unprotected openings.

    705.9.5 Vertical separation of openings. Openings in exterior walls in adjacent stories shall be separated vertically to protect against fire spread on the exterior of the buildings where the openings are within 5 feet (1524 mm) of each other horizontally and the opening in the lower story is not a protected opening with a fire protection rating of not less than [3] / 4 hour. Such openings shall be separated vertically not less than 3 feet (914 mm) by spandrel girders, exterior walls or other similar assemblies that have a fireresistance rating of not less than 1 hour, rated for exposure to fire from both sides, or by flame barriers that extend horizontally not less than 30 inches (762 mm) beyond the exterior wall. Flame barriers shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour. The unexposed surface temperature limitations specified in ASTM E119 or UL 263 shall not apply to the flame barriers unless otherwise required by the provisions of this code.

    Exceptions:

    1. This section shall not apply to buildings that are three stories or less above grade plane.
    2. This section shall not apply to buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.

    7-10 2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    FIRE AND SMOKE PROTECTION FEATURES

    1. Open parking garages. 705.9.6 Vertical exposure. For buildings on the same lot, opening protectives having a fire protection rating of not less than [3] / 4 hour shall be provided in every opening that is less than 15 feet (4572 mm) vertically above the roof of an adjacent building or structure based on assuming an imaginary line between them. The opening protectives are required where the fire separation distances from the imaginary line to each building or structure are less than 15 feet (4572 mm).
  • CBC § 1030.7 High relevance — show source text

    CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS

    1. Exit access stairways and ramps within an atrium complying with the provisions of Section 404 of the California Building Code .

    2. Exit access stairways and ramps in open parking garages that serve only the parking garage.

    3. Exit access stairways and ramps serving open-air seating complying with the exit access travel distance requirements of Section 1030.7 of the California Building Code .

    4. Exit access stairways and ramps serving the balcony, gallery or press box and the main assembly floor in occupancies such as theaters, places of religious worship, auditoriums and sports facilities.

    1103.4.9 Waste and linen chutes. In Group I-2 occupancies, existing waste and linen chutes shall comply with Sections 1103.4.9.1 through 1103.4.9.5.

    1103.4.9.1 Enclosure. Chutes shall be enclosed with 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction. Opening protectives shall be in accordance with Section 716 of the California Building Code and have a fire protection rating of not less than 1 hour.

    1103.4.9.2 Chute intakes. Chute intakes shall comply with Section 1103.4.9.2.1 or 1103.4.9.2.2.

    1103.4.9.2.1 Chute intake direct from corridor. Where intake to chutes is direct from a corridor, the intake opening shall be equipped with a chute-intake door in accordance with Section 716 of the California Building Code and having a fire protection rating of not less than 1 hour.

    1103.4.9.2.2 Chute intake via a chute-intake room. Where the intake to chutes is accessed through a chute-intake room, the room shall be enclosed with 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction. Opening protectives for the intake room shall be in accordance with Section 716 of the California Building Code and have a fire protection rating of not less than [3] / 4 hour. Opening protectives for the chute enclosure shall be in accordance with Section 1103.4.9.1.

    1103.4.9.3 Automatic sprinkler system. Chutes shall be equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.2.11.2.

    1103.4.9.4 Chute discharge rooms. Chutes shall terminate in a dedicated chute discharge room. Such rooms shall be separated from the remainder of the building by not less than 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction. Opening protectives shall be in accordance with Section 716 of the California Building Code and have a fire protection rating of not less than 1 hour.

    1103.4.9.5 Chute discharge protection. Chute discharges shall be equipped with a self-closing or automatic-closing opening protective in accordance with Section 716 of the California Building Code and having a fire protection rating of not less than 1 hour.

    1103.4.10 Flue-fed incinerators. Existing flue-fed incinerator rooms and associated flue shafts shall be protected with 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction and shall not have other vertical openings connected with the space other than the associated flue. Opening protectives shall be in accordance with Section 716 of the California Building Code and have a fire protection rating of not less than 1 hour.

  • CBC § 420.2 High relevance — show source text

    Groups I-1, R-1, R-2, R-3 and R-4 420.2 Group I-3 408.7 Supporting construction 708.4.2 Fire Prevention 101.4.5

    Fire Protection

    Explosion control 414.5.1, 415.6, 421.6, 426.1.4 Fire extinguishers, portable 906 Glazing, rated 716.1.2.3 Smoke and heat removal 910 Smoke control systems 909 Sprinkler systems, automatic 903 Fire Protection Systems Chapter 9, 107.2.2 Fire Protective Curtain Assembly 716.4 Fire Pumps 403.3.2, 902.1, 913, 914.2 Fire Resistance

    Calculated 722

    Conditions of restraint 703.2.1.3 Ducts and air transfer openings 717 Exterior walls 705.5, Table 705.5,

    708.5

    Fire district D102.2.5 High-rise 403.2 Joint systems 715 Multiple use fire assemblies 702.1 Prescriptive 721 Ratings Chapter 6, 703, 705.5, 707.3.10 Roof assemblies 1505

    Structural members 704

    Tests 703 Thermal and sound insulating materials 720.1 Fire Resistance, Calculated 722 Clay brick and tile masonry 722.4 Concrete assemblies 722.2

    Concrete masonry 722.3 Steel assemblies 722.5

    Wood assemblies 722.6 Fire Separation Distance Table 705.5 Exterior walls

    1405.1.1.1.1, 1405.1.1.1.2 Ground-mounted photovoltaic systems 3111.3.6

    Fire Service Access Elevators 403.6.1, 3007 Fire Walls 706 Aircraft hangar 412.3.6.2 Combustible framing 706.7 Continuity 706.5, 706.6 Exterior walls Table 705.5, 706.5.1 Fire-resistance rating 703, 706.4 Glazing, rated 716.3.4 Inspection 110.3.8 Joints 706.10, 715 Materials 706.3

    Opening protection 706.8, 706.11, 714.4, 716, 717.5.1 Penetration 706.9, 714.4 Special provisions Covered and open mall buildings 402.4.2.2

    Group H-5 415.11.1.6 Structural stability 706.2 Fire Windows (see Opening Protectives) Fireblocking 718.2 Chimneys 718.2.5.1, 2113.20 Fireplaces 2111.13 Wood construction 718.2.1, 718.2.7,

    1405.1.3 Wood stairways 718.2.4 Fireplaces, Factory-Built 2111.14.1 Fireplaces, Masonry 202 Clearance to combustibles 2111.12

    Drawings 2111.2 General provisions 2111 Hearth extension 2111.10, 2111.11 Steel units 2111.6.1

    Fire-Resistant Construction 701.1

  • CBC § 715.7 High relevance — show source text

    715.7 Exterior wall/vertical fire barrier intersections. Voids created at the intersection of nonfire-resistance-rated exterior wall assemblies and vertical fire barriers shall be filled with an approved material or system to retard the interior spread of fire and hot

    gases.

    715.8 Curtain wall spandrels. Height and fire-resistance requirements for curtain wall spandrels shall comply with Section 705.9.5. Where Section 705.9.5 does not require fire-resistance-rated curtain wall spandrels, the requirements of Sections 715.4 and 715.5 shall still apply to the intersection between the curtain wall spandrels and the floor.

    715.9 Joints and voids in smoke barriers. Fire-resistant joint systems protecting joints in smoke barriers, and perimeter fire containment systems protecting voids at the intersection of a horizontal smoke barrier and an exterior curtain wall, shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of UL 2079 for air leakage. The L rating of the joint system shall not exceed 5 cubic feet per minute per linear foot (0.00775 m [3] /s m) of joint at 0.30 inch of water (74.7 Pa) for both the ambient temperature and elevated temperature

    tests.

    SECTION 716—OPENING PROTECTIVES

    716.1 General. Opening protectives required by other sections of this code shall comply with the provisions of this section and shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 80.

    TABLE 716.1(1)—MARKING FIRE-RATED GLAZING ASSEMBLIES Col2 Col3
    FIRE TEST STANDARD MARKING DEFINITION OF MARKING
    ASTM E119 or UL 263 W Meets wall assembly criteria.
    ASTM E119 or UL 263 FC Meets floor/ceiling criteriaa
    NFPA 257 or UL 9 OH Meets fire window assembly criteria including the hose stream test.
    NFPA 252 or UL 10B or UL 10C D Meets fire door assembly criteria.
    NFPA 252 or UL 10B or UL 10C H Meets fire door assembly hose stream test.
    NFPA 252 or UL 10B or UL 10C T Meets 450°F temperature rise criteria for 30 minutes
    — XXX The time in minutes of the fire resistance or fire protection rating of the glazing assembly.
    For SI:°C = [(°F) – 32]/1.8.
    a. See Section 2409.1    		 For SI:°C = [(°F) – 32]/1.8.
    a. See Section 2409.1    		 For SI:°C = [(°F) – 32]/1.8.
    a. See Section 2409.1

    2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE 7-27

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    FIRE AND SMOKE PROTECTION FEATURES

    |TABLE 716.1(2)—OPENING FIRE PROTECTION ASSEMBLIES,

Frequently asked questions

Do fire doors always need the hose‑stream test?

Not always. The code allows specific 20‑minute fire door assemblies in corridors and smoke barriers to be tested without the hose‑stream test (§ 716.2.2.1) — otherwise hose‑stream (H) requirements are controlled by the test standard and the labeling (Table 716.1(1)).

What marking should I look for on fire‑protection glazing?

Fire‑protection glazing used in fire windows is labeled per the code; the glazing label format for hose‑stream‑compliant fire windows is “OH–XXX” where “XXX” is minutes of rating (see § 716.1.2.2.2 and Table 716.1(1)).

Can I install a non‑labeled vision kit in a labeled fire door?

No. Vision kits and other components must be listed for use with the labeled door or installed under an approved listing program; the code treats listed light kits and louvers as part of the labeled door only when installed under their listing (§ 716.2.9.1).

Are fire window frames required to be labeled?

Yes. Fire window frames must be approved for the intended application and glazing in fire window assemblies must be labeled by an approved agency (see § 716.3.3 and § 716.3.5).

Where does maintenance/inspection of opening protectives come from?

Maintenance and inspection are governed by NFPA 80 and § 705 (inspection and maintenance) of the CBC; fire doors and smoke/draft control doors must not be blocked and closers/hold‑open devices must be maintained (§ 705.2; § 716 reference to NFPA 80).

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