CBC · California Building Code
Which voluntary measures are listed (daylight power adjustments, exhaust-air heat recovery, service water heating)?
Appendix A5’s voluntary measures require: (1) using Part 6 daylighting PAFs when electing daylighting reductions (§ A5.203.1.1.4); (2) installing AHRI‑certified heat recovery for systems with ≥80% outdoor air and ≥200 cfm in listed climate zones and achieving ≥60% sensible recovery (§ A5.203.1.1.5); and (3) restaurants ≥8,000 ft² with SWH ≥75,000 Btu/h must install solar water heating sized for a 15% annual savings fraction unless a high‑efficiency gas heater or poor roof solar access exception applies (§ A5.203.1.1.2).
Last reviewed: July 5, 2026
What the code requires — 2–4 sentences
Appendix A5 (Nonresidential voluntary measures) identifies three elective energy-related measures addressed here: daylighting design power adjustments, exhaust‑air heat recovery, and service‑water heating for restaurants. The CBC directs projects that select these voluntary measures to meet the specific criteria in § A5.203.1.1.4 (daylight PAFs), § A5.203.1.1.5 (exhaust air heat recovery) and § A5.203.1.1.2 (restaurant service water heating).
Requirements in detail
1) Daylight design power adjustments (PAFs)
Rule in plain terms: If you choose the daylighting elective, daylighting devices must be installed and the project may apply the daylighting design power adjustment factors (PAFs) as specified by the California Energy Code (Title 24, Part 6). The CBC points to the Part 6 daylighting rules rather than restating numeric PAFs. See § A5.203.1.1.4.
What the CBC text does and does not give: A5.203.1.1.4 requires daylighting devices be installed “as specified in Title 24, Part 6, Section 140.3(d).” The CBC Appendix does not reproduce the numeric PAF tables or the detailed daylighting control requirements — those live in Title 24, Part 6 § 140.3(d).
Decision‑relevant dimensions (table)
| Decision dimension | Value / threshold | Code Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Where PAFs come from | Title 24, Part 6, § 140.3(d) (Part 6 contains the numeric factors and method) | § A5.203.1.1.4 |
| Requirement to install daylighting devices | Mandatory when electing this measure | § A5.203.1.1.4 |
(If you need the actual PAF numbers, consult Title 24, Part 6 § 140.3(d); the Appendix A5 text only references that section.)
2) Exhaust air heat recovery
Rule in plain terms: For certain high‑outdoor‑air, larger supply systems in specified climate zones, an energy recovery (heat recovery) system is required and must meet minimum performance and control conditions. See § A5.203.1.1.5.
Key required thresholds and performance:
- Applicability threshold: systems with minimum design outdoor‑air fraction ≥ 80% and supply air flow ≥ 200 cfm in Climate Zones 2, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 must have heat recovery.
- Minimum recovery performance: net sensible energy recovery ratio ≥ 60% for both heating and cooling, as tested per AHRI 1060‑2014 or 1061‑2014 and AHRI‑certified. The CBC defines 60% sensible recovery as a change in outdoor air dry‑bulb equal to 60% of the dry‑bulb difference between outdoor and exhaust air at design conditions.
- Controls: the energy recovery system must be bypassable or controllable to permit economizer operation as required by Title 24, Part 6 § 140.4(e).
Exceptions (summary; see § A5.203.1.1.5 for full text):
- Systems serving spaces that are not cooled and heated to < 60°F.
- Where > 60% of outdoor air heating energy comes from site‑recovered energy.
- Where the sum of nearby exhaust/relief airflow rates is less than 75% of design outdoor airflow (with exclusions for some exhaust types).
- Systems expected to operate < 20 hours/week.
Decision‑relevant dimensions (table)
| Decision dimension | Value / threshold / requirement | Code Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Outdoor air fraction to trigger | ≥ 80% design outdoor‑air fraction | § A5.203.1.1.5 |
| Supply air flow threshold | ≥ 200 cfm | § A5.203.1.1.5 |
| Climate zones where required | CZ 2, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 | § A5.203.1.1.5 |
| Minimum sensible recovery ratio | ≥ 60% (AHRI 1060‑2014 or 1061‑2014 test, AHRI certified) | § A5.203.1.1.5 |
| Economizer bypass/control | Required to permit economizer per Title 24, Part 6 § 140.4(e) | § A5.203.1.1.5 |
(Additional technical installation and testing requirements are referenced to AHRI test methods and to Title 24 Part 6 controls; the CBC text includes the thresholds and exceptions above.)
3) Service water heating in restaurants
Rule in plain terms: Newly constructed restaurants 8,000 ft² or larger, with service water heaters rated 75,000 Btu/h or greater, must install a solar water‑heating system sized to provide at least a 0.15 solar savings fraction (15%). See § A5.203.1.1.2.
Exceptions (from the code):
- If the building uses a natural‑gas service water heater with minimum thermal efficiency of 95%, the solar requirement is excepted.
- If more than 75% of total roof area has annual solar access < 70% (annual solar access = ratio of insolation including shade to insolation without shade), the solar requirement is excepted. (Shading from rooftop obstructions on the building is excluded from the solar‑access calculation per the CBC wording.)
Decision‑relevant dimensions (table)
| Decision dimension | Value / threshold / requirement | Code Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Building size to trigger | Newly constructed restaurants ≥ 8,000 ft² | § A5.203.1.1.2 |
| Service‑water heater rating | ≥ 75,000 Btu/h | § A5.203.1.1.2 |
| Required solar savings fraction | ≥ 0.15 (15%) | § A5.203.1.1.2 |
| Exception — high‑efficiency gas heater | Natural gas SWH with ≥ 95% thermal efficiency | § A5.203.1.1.2 |
| Exception — insufficient solar access | >75% of roof area has annual solar access < 70% | § A5.203.1.1.2 |
Exceptions & special cases
- Daylighting: Appendix A5 does not list alternative PAF values — the applicable PAFs and detailed daylighting control requirements are in Title 24, Part 6 § 140.3(d); consult Part 6 to determine exact adjustment factors and control performance.
- Exhaust air heat recovery: exceptions are explicit (non‑cooled spaces heated < 60°F, site‑recovered energy meeting >60% of heating, small net exhaust near makeup, systems operating <20 hr/wk). Projects that meet an exception do not need to install recovery. Also the recovery device must be controllable/bypassable so building economizer functions are not blocked.
- Restaurant service water heating: the solar requirement is waived if you have a natural‑gas SWH ≥95% thermal efficiency or if roof solar access is too poor by the stated roof‑area test. Note the CBC defines how to measure annual solar access and excludes rooftop obstructions from that calculation.
If you need the full test or control method language (e.g., the AHRI test details or Part 6 economizer temperature limits) consult AHRI 1060/1061 and Title 24 Part 6 § 140.4(e); the Appendix directs you there and does not reproduce those full technical procedures.
Common mistakes
- Treating the CBC Appendix as giving numeric daylight PAFs — it does not; it points to Title 24, Part 6 § 140.3(d). Always pull the Part 6 table for the actual factor.
- Ignoring climate‑zone or outdoor‑air fraction thresholds for exhaust‑air recovery and installing recovery where it’s not required (or vice‑versa). Verify both the outdoor‑air fraction and the supply‑air cfm against § A5.203.1.1.5 before deciding.
- Confusing sensible recovery ratio vs enthalpy recovery ratio — the Appendix requires a 60% sensible energy recovery ratio (AHRI test) for the exhaust‑air recovery measure. Some other standards allow enthalpy thresholds; follow the Appendix wording and referenced AHRI test method.
- For restaurant solar SWH: misreading “solar savings fraction (0.15)” as system efficiency. It is the fraction of annual SWH load the solar system must save (15%), not a collector efficiency number. Also confirm roof‑area solar access per the exception language if you plan to claim the exception.
Worked example — concrete scenario applying the rule with numbers
Scenario A — Exhaust‑air heat recovery:
- Project: new office tower AHU in Climate Zone 10.
- AHU design: supply air 2,500 cfm, outdoor‑air fraction at design = 85%.
- Evaluation: Outdoor‑air fraction ≥ 80% and supply air ≥ 200 cfm → heat recovery required per § A5.203.1.1.5. The recovery device must be AHRI‑tested/certified (AHRI 1060‑2014 or 1061‑2014) and achieve a net sensible energy recovery ratio ≥ 60%. The recovery must be bypassable or controllable so economizer operation per Title 24 Part 6 § 140.4(e) is not impeded.
Scenario B — Restaurant service water heating:
- Project: newly constructed restaurant, 10,500 ft², service‑water heater rated 100,000 Btu/h.
- Evaluation: Size ≥ 8,000 ft² and SWH rating ≥ 75,000 Btu/h → solar water‑heating system required with solar savings fraction ≥ 0.15 (15%) under § A5.203.1.1.2, unless an exception applies.
- Exceptions check: If owner provides a natural‑gas SWH with ≥95% thermal efficiency, solar requirement is waived; otherwise evaluate roof solar access — if more than 75% of roof area has annual solar access < 70%, the solar requirement is waived. If neither exception applies, design solar collectors/array to meet 15% annual savings of the restaurant SWH load.
Scenario C — Daylight PAF:
- Project: tenant improvement elects the daylighting measure. The CBC requires installation per Part 6 and application of the PAFs in Title 24, Part 6 § 140.3(d). You must retrieve the PAF table and control requirements from § 140.3(d) to compute the lighting power reductions and the required photosensor/control performance. § A5.203.1.1.4 only points you to that Part 6 section.
Related provisions
- § A5.203.1.1.4 — Daylight design power adjustments (Appendix A5).
- § A5.203.1.1.5 — Exhaust air heat recovery (Appendix A5).
- § A5.203.1.1.2 — Service water heating in restaurants (Appendix A5).
- § A5.601.2.4 and § A5.601.3.4 — Voluntary measures required for CALGreen Tier 1 / Tier 2 (shows how these Appendix A5 measures feed into tier compliance).
- Title 24, Part 6 § 140.3(d) — Part 6 daylighting requirements and PAF tables (referenced by § A5.203.1.1.4).
- Title 24, Part 6 § 140.4(e) — Economizer control requirements (referenced in the exhaust‑air recovery control requirement).
If you want, I can pull the exact Part 6 daylighting PAF table and the detailed economizer control limits from Title 24 Part 6 and show how to apply them step‑by‑step to a lighting and HVAC design; Appendix A5 gives the policy trigger points and points you to the Part 6 and AHRI test standards for the technical details.
Code references
Grounded in the retrieved California Building Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:
CBC § 601.3.4 High relevance — show source text
A5.601.3.4 Voluntary measures for Tier 2. In addition to the provisions of Sections A5.601.3.1 and A5.601.3.3 above, compliance with the following voluntary measures from Appendix A5 is required for Tier 2:
- From Division A5.1, a. Comply with the designated parking requirements for fuel efficient vehicles for a minimum of 50 percent of parking capacity per Section A5.106.5.1. b. Electric vehicle (EV) charging [N] and Table A5.106.5.3.2 with footnotes. c. Comply with thermal emittance, solar reflectance or SRI values for cool roofs in Section A5.106.11.2 and Table A5.106.11.2.3. [1]
d. Comply with three elective measures selected from this division.
APPENDIX A5-42 2025 CALIFORNIA GREEN BUILDING STANDARDS CODE
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
APPENDIX A5 — NONRESIDENTIAL VOLUNTARY MEASURES
From Division A5.2 comply with TWO of the following:
Outdoor lighting as described in A5.203.1.1.1.
Service water heating in restaurants as described in A5.203.1.1.2.
Warehouse Dock Seal Doors A5.203.1.1.3.
Daylight Design Power Adjustments 5.203.1.1.4.
Exhaust Air Heat Recovery A5.203.1.1.5.
From Division A5.3,
a. Comply with the 20-percent reduction for indoor potable water use in Section A5.303.2.3.2. b. Comply with three elective measures selected from this division.
- From Division A5.4,
a. Comply with recycled content of 15 percent of materials based on estimated total cost, or use two products from Table A5.405.4 for at least 75 percent by cost in Section A5.405.4.1. b. Comply with the 80-percent reduction in construction and demolition waste in Section A5.408.3.1. c. Comply with three elective measures selected from this division.
- From Division A5.5,
a. Comply with resilient flooring systems for 100 percent of resilient flooring in Section A5.504.4.7.1. Exception: Allowance may be permitted in Tier 2 for up to 5-percent specialty purpose flooring. b. Comply with thermal insulation meeting 2009 CHPS low-emitting materials list and no added formaldehyde in Section A5.504.4.8.1.
c. Comply with three elective measures selected from this division. 6. Comply with three additional elective measures selected from any division.
1 Cool roof is required for compliance with Tiers 1 and 2 and may be used to meet energy standards in Part 6, exceed energy standards and to mitigate heat island effect.
A5.601.4 Compliance verification. Compliance with Section A5.601.2 or A5.601.3 shall be as required in Chapter 7 of this code. Compliance documentation shall be made part of the project record as required in Section 5.410.2 or 5.410.3.
2025 CALIFORNIA GREEN BUILDING STANDARDS CODE APPENDIX A5-43
CBC § 405.4 High relevance — show source text
- From Division A5.4,
a. Comply with recycled content of 10 percent of materials based on estimated total cost, or use two products from Table A5.405.4 for at least 75 percent by cost in Section A5.405.4. b. Comply with the 65-percent reduction in construction and demolition waste in Section A5.408.3.1. c. Comply with one elective measure selected from this division.
- From Division A5.5,
a. Comply with resilient flooring systems for 90 percent of resilient flooring in Section A5.504.4.7. b. Comply with thermal insulation meeting 2009 CHPS low-emitting materials list in Section A5.504.4.8. c. Comply with one elective measure selected from this division. 6. Comply with one additional elective measure selected from any division.
1 Cool roof is required for compliance with Tiers 1 and 2 and may be used to meet energy standards in Part 6, exceed energy standards and to mitigate heat island effect.
A5.601.3 CALGreen Tier 2.
A5.601.3.1 Prerequisites. To achieve CALGreen tier status, a project must meet all of the mandatory measures in Chapter 5 and, in addition, meet the provisions of this section.
A5.601.3.2 Energy performance. For the purposes of mandatory energy efficiency standards in this code, the California Energy Commission will continue to adopt mandatory standards.
A5.601.3.3 Tier 2. Comply with the energy efficiency requirements in Section A5.203.1.1 and Section A5.203.1.2.2.
A5.601.3.4 Voluntary measures for Tier 2. In addition to the provisions of Sections A5.601.3.1 and A5.601.3.3 above, compliance with the following voluntary measures from Appendix A5 is required for Tier 2:
- From Division A5.1, a. Comply with the designated parking requirements for fuel efficient vehicles for a minimum of 50 percent of parking capacity per Section A5.106.5.1. b. Electric vehicle (EV) charging [N] and Table A5.106.5.3.2 with footnotes. c. Comply with thermal emittance, solar reflectance or SRI values for cool roofs in Section A5.106.11.2 and Table A5.106.11.2.3. [1]
d. Comply with three elective measures selected from this division.
APPENDIX A5-42 2025 CALIFORNIA GREEN BUILDING STANDARDS CODE
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
APPENDIX A5 — NONRESIDENTIAL VOLUNTARY MEASURES
From Division A5.2 comply with TWO of the following:
Outdoor lighting as described in A5.203.1.1.1.
Service water heating in restaurants as described in A5.203.1.1.2.
Warehouse Dock Seal Doors A5.203.1.1.3.
Daylight Design Power Adjustments 5.203.1.1.4.
Exhaust Air Heat Recovery A5.203.1.1.5.
From Division A5.3,
CBC § 203.1.1.2 High relevance — show source text
- In theme parks: outdoor lighting only for themes and special effects.
- Lighting for outdoor theatrical and other outdoor live performances, provided that these lighting systems are additions to area lighting systems and are controlled by a multi-scene or theatrical cross-fade control station accessible only to authorized operators.
- Outdoor lighting systems for qualified historical buildings, as defined in the California Historical Building Code (Title 24, Part 8), if they consist solely of historical lighting components or replicas of historical lighting components. If lighting systems for qualified historical buildings contain some historical lighting components or replicas of historical components combined with other lighting components, only those historical or historical replica components are exempt. All other outdoor lighting systems for qualified historical buildings shall not be exempted.
A5.203.1.1.2 Service water heating in restaurants. Newly constructed restaurants 8,000 square feet or greater and with service water heaters rated 75,000 Btu/h or greater shall install a solar water-heating system with a minimum solar savings fraction of 0.15.
Exceptions:
- Buildings with a natural gas service water heater with a minimum of 95-percent thermal efficiency.
- Buildings where greater than 75 percent of the total roof area has annual solar access that is less than 70 percent. Solar access is the ratio of solar insolation, including shade, to the solar insolation without shade. Shading from obstructions located on the roof or any other part of the building shall not be included in the determination of annual solar access.
A5.203.1.1.3 Warehouse dock seal doors. Exterior loading dock doors that are adjacent to conditioned or indirectly conditioned spaces shall have dock seals or dock shelters installed at the time of permitting. This requirement shall apply to newly constructed buildings and to loading dock doors added to existing buildings.
A5.203.1.1.4 Daylight Design Power Adjustments Factors (PAFs). Daylighting devices shall be installed as specified in Title 24, Part 6, Section 140.3(d).
A5.203.1.1.5 Exhaust air heat recovery. Heat recovery requirements based on ASHRAE 90.1, Section 6.5.6.1 are adapted and modified for California climate zones as described below.
- Systems with minimum design outdoor air fraction of 80 percent or greater and supply air flow of 200 cfm or greater in climate zones 2, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 shall have a heat recovery system.
- Heat recovery systems required by this section shall result in a net sensible energy recovery ratio of at least 60 percent for both heating and cooling as tested using AHRI 1060-2014 or 1061-2014 and certified by AHRI. A 60 percent sensible energy recovery ratio shall mean a change in the dry-bulb of the outdoor air supply equal to 60 percent of the difference between the outdoor air and exhaust air dry-bulb at design conditions. Provisions shall be made to bypass or control the energy recovery system to permit air economizer operation as required by Title 24, Part 6, Section 140.4(e), Economizers.
Exceptions:
CBC § 601.2.4 High relevance — show source text
A5.601.2.4 Voluntary measures for Tier 1. In addition to the provisions of Sections A5.601.2.1 and A5.601.2.3 above, compliance with the following voluntary measures from Appendix A5 is required for Tier 1:
- From Division A5.1, a. Comply with the designated parking requirements for high-efficiency vehicles for a minimum of 35 percent of parking capacity per Section A5.106.5.1. b. Electric vehicle (EV) charging [N] and Table A5.106.5.3.1 w/ footnotes. c. Comply with thermal emittance, solar reflectance or SRI values for cool roofs in Section A5.106.11.2 and Table A5.106.11.2.2. [1]
d. Comply with one elective measure selected from this division. 2. From Division A5.2 comply with ONE of the following:
Outdoor lighting as described in A5.203.1.1.1.
Service water heating in restaurants as described in A5.203.1.1.2.
Warehouse Dock Seal Doors A5.203.1.1.3.
Daylight Design Power Adjustments 5.203.1.1.4.
Exhaust Air Heat Recovery A5.203.1.1.5.
From Division A5.3,
a. Comply with the 12-percent reduction for indoor potable water use in Section A5.303.2.3.1. b. Comply with one elective measure selected from this division.
- From Division A5.4,
a. Comply with recycled content of 10 percent of materials based on estimated total cost, or use two products from Table A5.405.4 for at least 75 percent by cost in Section A5.405.4. b. Comply with the 65-percent reduction in construction and demolition waste in Section A5.408.3.1. c. Comply with one elective measure selected from this division.
- From Division A5.5,
a. Comply with resilient flooring systems for 90 percent of resilient flooring in Section A5.504.4.7. b. Comply with thermal insulation meeting 2009 CHPS low-emitting materials list in Section A5.504.4.8. c. Comply with one elective measure selected from this division. 6. Comply with one additional elective measure selected from any division.
1 Cool roof is required for compliance with Tiers 1 and 2 and may be used to meet energy standards in Part 6, exceed energy standards and to mitigate heat island effect.
A5.601.3 CALGreen Tier 2.
A5.601.3.1 Prerequisites. To achieve CALGreen tier status, a project must meet all of the mandatory measures in Chapter 5 and, in addition, meet the provisions of this section.
A5.601.3.2 Energy performance. For the purposes of mandatory energy efficiency standards in this code, the California Energy Commission will continue to adopt mandatory standards.
A5.601.3.3 Tier 2. Comply with the energy efficiency requirements in Section A5.203.1.1 and Section A5.203.1.2.2.
CBC § 0.5 High relevance — show source text
where:
CCAP = Design capacity of all mechanical cooling systems. CHL = Coincident peak cooling load of all spaces with a design equipment power density > 5 watts/ft [2] and a minimum outdoor airflow requirement < 0.5 cfm/ft [2] (i.e., high load spaces).
CLL = CCAP - CHL. If the design includes capacity for future cooling systems, then assume 20 percent of future systems serve high load spaces.
SWHCAP = Design capacity of all service water heating (SWH) systems, excluding systems expected to operate less than 5 hours per week, such as instant-hot water systems for emergency eyewash stations.
HCAP = Design capacity of all space-heating systems. B. The heat recovery system shall include a heat recovery chiller, or other means, capable of transferring the lesser of the following from spaces in cooling to spaces in heating and/or to the SWH system: i. 25 percent of the peak heat rejection of the cooling system. ii. 25 percent of (SWHCAP + HCAP) Exception 1 to Section 140.4(s)1: Laboratory buildings with exhaust air heat recovery systems meeting Section 140.9(c)6. Exception 2 to Section 140.4(s)1: Buildings in Climate Zone 15 with SWHCAP < 600 kBtuh. 2. Heat recovery for service water heating. If the building is required to have simultaneous mechanical heat recovery by Section 140.4(s)1, and SWHCAP ≥ 500 kBtuh, then the heat recovery system shall also heat or preheat the service hot water. The heat recovery system shall have the capacity to transfer the smaller of: A. 30 percent of the peak heat rejection of the cooling system; or B. 30 percent of SWHCAP.
Exception to Section 140.4(s): Buildings with a computer room heat recovery system or wastewater heat recovery system capable of providing not less than 25 percent of SWHCAP + HCAP.
Note: Authority: Sections 25213, 25218, 25218.5, 25402 and 25402.1, Public Resources Code. Reference: Sections 25007, 25008, 25218.5, 25310, 25402, 25402.1, 25402.4, 25402.8, and 25943, Public Resources Code .
SECTION 140.5—PRESCRIPTIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR SERVICE WATER-HEATING SYSTEMS
(a) Nonresidential occupancies. Service water-heating systems in nonresidential buildings shall meet the requirements of 1 or 2 below, or meet the performance compliance requirements of Section 140.1:
- School buildings less than 25,000 square feet and less than 4 stories in Climate Zones 2 through 15. A heat pump water-heating system that meets the applicable requirements of Sections 110.1, 110.3 and 120.3.
Exception to Section 140.5(a)1: A water-heating system serving an individual bathroom space may be an instantaneous electric water heater.
- All other occupancies. A service water-heating system that meets the applicable requirements of Sections 110.1, 110.3, 120.3 and 140.5(c).
(b) Hotel/motel occupancies. A service water-heating system installed in hotel/motel buildings shall meet the requirements of Section 170.2(d).
CBC § 409.4 High relevance — show source text
Solar access is the ratio of solar insolation including shade to the
solar insolation without shade. Shading from obstructions located on the roof or any other part of the building shall not be included in the determination of annual solar access.
3.
Life cycle assessment compliant with Section A5.409.4 in this code may be substituted for prescriptive measures from Division A5.4.|A5.601.1 Scope. The measures contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless adopted by local government as specified in Section 101.7. The provisions of this section outline means of achieving enhanced construction or reach levels by incorporating addi
2025 CALIFORNIA GREEN BUILDING STANDARDS CODE APPENDIX A5-41
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APPENDIX A5 — NONRESIDENTIAL VOLUNTARY MEASURES
tional green building measures for newly constructed nonresidential buildings as well as additions and alterations. In order to meet one of the tier levels designers, builders or property owners are required to incorporate additional green building measures necessary to meet the threshold of each level. Refer to the provisions in Section 301.3 for nonresidential additions and alterations scope and application.
A5.601.2 CALGreen Tier 1
A5.601.2.1 Prerequisites. To achieve CALGreen tier status, a project must meet all of the mandatory measures in Chapter 5 and, in addition, meet the provisions of this section.
A5.601.2.2 Energy performance. For the purposes of mandatory energy efficiency standards in this code, the California Energy Commission will continue to adopt mandatory standards.
A5.601.2.3 Tier 1. Comply with the energy efficiency requirements in Section A5.203.1.1 and Section A5.203.1.2.1.
A5.601.2.4 Voluntary measures for Tier 1. In addition to the provisions of Sections A5.601.2.1 and A5.601.2.3 above, compliance with the following voluntary measures from Appendix A5 is required for Tier 1:
- From Division A5.1, a. Comply with the designated parking requirements for high-efficiency vehicles for a minimum of 35 percent of parking capacity per Section A5.106.5.1. b. Electric vehicle (EV) charging [N] and Table A5.106.5.3.1 w/ footnotes. c. Comply with thermal emittance, solar reflectance or SRI values for cool roofs in Section A5.106.11.2 and Table A5.106.11.2.2. [1]
d. Comply with one elective measure selected from this division. 2. From Division A5.2 comply with ONE of the following:
Outdoor lighting as described in A5.203.1.1.1.
Service water heating in restaurants as described in A5.203.1.1.2.
Warehouse Dock Seal Doors A5.203.1.1.3.
Daylight Design Power Adjustments 5.203.1.1.4.
Exhaust Air Heat Recovery A5.203.1.1.5.
From Division A5.3,
a. Comply with the 12-percent reduction for indoor potable water use in Section A5.303.2.3.1. b. Comply with one elective measure selected from this division.
- From Division A5.4,
CBC § 0.4 High relevance — show source text
(1) For energy recovery systems where the transfer of energy cannot be stopped, bypass provision shall prevent the total airflow rate of either outdoor air or exhaust air through the energy recovery exchanger from exceeding 10 percent of the full design airflow rate.
(2) The pressure drop of the outdoor air through the energy recovery exchanger shall not exceed 0.4 in. of water (100 Pa); the pressure drop of the exhaust air through the energy recovery exchanger shall not exceed 0.4 in. of water (100 Pa).
Exception: Energy recovery systems with 80 percent or more outdoor air at full design airflow rate and not exceeding 10 000 CFM (4.72 m [3] /s).
[ASHRAE 90.1:6.5.6.1.2.2] E 503.5.10.2 Heat Recovery for Service Water Heating. Heat recovery shall comply with Section E 503.5.10.2.1 and Section E 503.5.10.2.2.
E 503.5.10.2.1 Condenser Heat Recovery Systems. Condenser heat recovery systems shall be installed for the heating or preheating of service hot water where all of the following conditions exist:
(1) The facility operates 24 hours a day.
(2) The total installed heat rejection capacity of the water-cooled system is more than 6 000 000 Btu/h (1757 kW) of heat rejection.
(3) The design service water heating load is more than 1 000 000 Btu/h (293 kW).
[ASHRAE 90.1:6.5.6.2.1] E 503.5.10.2.2 Capacity. The required heat recovery system shall have the capacity to provide the smaller of:
(1) Sixty percent of the peak heat-rejection load at design conditions or
(2) Preheat of the peak service hot-water draw to 85°F (29°C).
Exceptions:
(1) Facilities that employ condenser heat recovery for space heating with a heat recovery
444 2025 CALIFORNIA MECHANICAL CODE
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APPENDIX E
TABLE E 503.5.11.2.1 MAXIMUM NET EXHAUST FLOW RATE, CFM PER LINEAR FOOT OF HOOD LENGTH
[ASHRAE 90.1: TABLE 6.5.7.2.2]
TYPE OF HOOD LIGHT DUTY
EQUIPMENTMEDIUM DUTY
EQUIPMENTHEAVY DUTY
EQUIPMENTEXTRA HEAVY DUTY
EQUIPMENTWall-mounted canopy 140 210 280 385 Single island 280 350 420 490 Double island (per side) 175 210 280 385 Eyebrow 175 175 Not allowed Not allowed Backshelf/ Pass-over 210 210 280 Not allowed For SI units: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic foot per minute = 0.00047 m [3] /s
CBC § 203.1.2.1 High relevance — show source text
In addition, a minimum of two of
the efficiency measures specified in Sections A4.203.1.2.1 through
A4.203.1.2.8 will be required to be met.
· Roof Deck Insulation or Ducts in Conditioned Space.
· High-performance Walls.
· Compact Hot Water Distribution System.
· Drain Water Heat Recovery.
· High Performance Vertical Fenestration.
· Heat Pump Water Heater Demand Management.
· Battery Storage System Controls.
· **Heat Pump Space and Water Heating.||2|2|||| |**A4.203.1.3 Consultation with local electric service provider.**Local
jurisdictions considering adoption of reduced EDR targets based on
using solar photovoltaic (PV) systems larger than required by the
California Energy Code shall consult with the local electric service
provider to ensure that that PV system sizing required to comply with
the EDR targets will be acceptable to the local electric service
provider.||2|2||||2025 CALIFORNIA GREEN BUILDING STANDARDS CODE APPENDIX A4-25
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
APPENDIX A4 — RESIDENTIAL VOLUNTARY MEASURES
SECTION A4.602—RESIDENTIAL OCCUPANCIES APPLICATION CHECKLIST—continued
FEATURE OR MEASURE LEVELS
APPLICANT TO SELECT ELECTIVE MEASURESCol3 Col4 VERIFICATIONS
ENFORCING AGENCY TO SPECIFY
VERIFICATION METHODCol6 Col7 FEATURE OR MEASURE Mandatory Prerequisites and electives1 Prerequisites and electives1 Enforcing
Agency
AllInstaller or
Designer
AllThird
party
AllFEATURE OR MEASURE Mandatory Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 2 Tier 2 Tier 2 WATER EFFICIENCY AND CONSERVATION Indoor Water Use 4.303.1Plumbing fixtures (water closets and urinals) and fittings
(showerheads, faucets and pre-rinse spray valves) installed in
residential buildings shall comply with the prescriptive requirements
of Sections 4.303.1.1 through 4.303.1.4.5. 4.303.2 Submeters for multifamily building and dwelling units in
**mixed-use residential/commercial buildings.CBC § 160.2 High relevance — show source text
The ventilation rate required by the authority having jurisdiction, the facility Environmental Health and Safety Department or Section 160.2(c)3; or
iii. The mechanical exhaust flow minus the available transfer air. Available transfer air shall be from another conditioned space or return air plenums on the same floor and same smoke or fire compartment, and that at their closest point are within 15 feet of each other. Exception 1 to Section 170.2(c)4M: Spaces that are required by applicable codes and standards to be maintained at a positive pressure differential relative to adjacent spaces. Exception 2 to Section 170.2(c)4M: Spaces where the highest amount of transfer air that could be used for exhaust makeup may exceed the available transfer airflow rate and where the spaces have a required negative pressure relationship. N. Dedicated outdoor air systems (DOAS). HVAC systems that utilize a dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) such as a DX-DOAS, HRV or ERV unit to condition, temper or filter 100 percent outdoor air separate from local or central spaceconditioning systems serving the same space shall meet the following criteria:
- DOAS unit fan systems with input power less than 1 kW shall not exceed a total combined fan power of 1.0 W/cfm. DOAS with fan power greater than or equal to 1 kW shall meet the requirements of Section 140.4(c).
- The DOAS supply air shall be delivered directly to the occupied space or at the outlet of any terminal heating or cooling coils and shall cycle off any zone heating and cooling equipment fans, circulation pumps and terminal unit fans when there is no call for heating or cooling in the zone. Exception 1 to Section 170.2(c)4N2: Active chilled beam systems. Exception 2 to Section 170.2(c)4N2: Sensible-only cooling terminal units with pressure-independent variableairflow regulating devices limiting the DOAS supply air to the greater of latent load or minimum ventilation requirements. Exception 3 to Section 170.2(c)4N2: Any configuration where a DOAS unit provides ventilation air to a downstream fan (a terminal box, air handling unit or other space-conditioning equipment) where the total system airflow can be reduced to ventilation minimum or the downstream fan power is no greater than 0.12 watts per cfm when space temperatures are within the thermostat deadband (at low speed per manufacturer’s literature).
- DOAS supply and exhaust fans shall have a minimum of three speeds to facilitate system balancing.
- DOAS with mechanical cooling providing ventilation to multiple zones and operating in conjunction with zone heating and cooling systems shall not use heating or heat recovery to warm supply air above 60°F when representative building loads or outdoor air temperature indicates that the majority of zones requires cooling.
2025 CALIFORNIA ENERGY CODE 255
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
MULTIFAMILY BUILDINGS—PERFORMANCE AND PRESCRIPTIVE COMPLIANCE APPROACHES
O. Exhaust air heat recovery. Fan systems designed to operate to the criteria listed in either Table 170.2-I or Table 170.2-J shall include an exhaust air heat recovery system that meets the following: i. A sensible energy recovery ratio of at least 60 percent or an enthalpy recovery ratio of at least 50 percent for both heating and cooling design conditions. ii. Energy recovery bypass or control to disable energy recovery and to directly economize with ventilation air based on outdoor air temperature limits specified in Table 170.2-G.
CBC § 503.5.11.3 High relevance — show source text
A + B - ( E/M ) ≥ 50% (Equation E 503.5.11.3)
Where:
A = Percentage that the exhaust and makeup airflow rates are capable of being reduced from design conditions.
B = Sensible energy recovery ratio.
E = Exhaust airflow rate through the heat recovery device at design conditions.
M = Makeup airflow rate of the system at design conditions.
(2) VAV laboratory exhaust and room supply systems that are required to have minimum circulation rates to be in accordance with the codes or
accreditation standards shall be capable of and configured to reduce zone exhaust and makeup airflow rates to the regulated minimum circulation values, or the minimum required to maintain pressurization relationship requirements. Systems serving nonregulated zones shall be capable of and configured to reduce exhaust and makeup airflow rates to 50 percent of the zone design values, or the minimum required to maintain pressurization relationship requirements.
(3) Direct makeup (auxiliary) air supply of 75 percent or more of the exhaust airflow rate, heated not more than 2°F (1°C) below room setpoint, cooled to not less than 3°F (2°C) above room setpoint, no humidification added, and no simultaneous heating and cooling are used for dehumidification control. [ASHRAE 90.1:6.5.7.3]
E 503.5.12 Radiant Heating Systems. Radiant heating systems shall be in accordance with Section E 503.5.12.1 through Section E 503.5.12.2.
E 503.5.12.1 Heating Unenclosed Spaces. Radiant heating shall be used when heating is required for unenclosed spaces.
Exception: Loading docks equipped with air curtains. [ASHRAE 90.1:6.5.8.1]
446 2025 CALIFORNIA MECHANICAL CODE
), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.
APPENDIX E
to permit a determination of compliance by the building official and to indicate compliance with the requirements of this appendix. [ASHRAE 90.1:4.2.2.1] E 503.6.2 Supplemental Information. Supplemental information necessary to verify compliance with this appendix, such as calculations, worksheets, compliance forms, vendor literature, or other data, shall be made available where required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. [ASHRAE 90.1:4.2.2.2]
E 503.6.3 Manuals. Operating and maintenance information shall be provided to the building owner. This information shall include, but not be limited to, the information specified in Section E 503.6.3.1, Section E 503.6.3.2, and Section E 503.6.5.2. [ASHRAE 90.1:4.2.2.3]
E 503.6.3.1 Required Information. Construction documents shall require that an operating manual and maintenance manual be provided to the building owner. The manuals shall include, at a minimum, the following:
(1) Submittal data stating equipment rating and selected options for each piece of equipment requiring maintenance.
(2) Operation manuals and maintenance manuals for each piece of equipment requiring maintenance. Required routine maintenance actions shall be clearly identified.
(3) Names and addresses of not less than one qualified service agency.
CBC § 90.1 High relevance — show source text
APPENDIX E
design exceeding 30 percent of the peak water-cooled condenser load at design conditions.
(2) Facilities that provide 60 percent of their service water heating from on-site-renewable energy or site-recovered energy or from other sources. [ASHRAE 90.1:6.5.6.2.2]
E 503.5.10.3 Heat Recovery for Space Con- ditioning. Where heating water is used for space heating, a condenser heat recovery system shall be installed, provided all of the following are true:
(1) The building is an acute inpatient hospital, where the building or portion of a building is used on a 24-hour basis for the inpatient medical, obstetric, or surgical care for patients.
(2) The total design chilled-water capacity for the acute inpatient hospital, either air cooled or water cooled, required at cooling design conditions exceeds 3 600 000 Btu/h (1055 kW) of cooling.
(3) Simultaneous heating and cooling occurs above 60°F (16°C) outdoor air temperature. The required heat recovery system shall have a cooling capacity that is at least 7 percent of the total design chilled-water capacity of the acute inpatient hospital at peak design conditions.
[ASHRAE 90.1:6.5.6.3]
E 503.5.10.4 Indoor Pool Dehumidifier Energy Recovery. An indoor pool dehumidifier serving a natatorium with a heated indoor pool over 500 ft [2] (46.45 m [2] ) in size shall include one of the following:
(1) An exhaust air sensible energy recovery system with a sensible energy recovery ratio of at least 50 percent.
(2) A condenser heat recovery system capable of and configured to use 100 percent of the heat generated through dehumidification to heat the pool water when there is a pool water heating load.
(3) An exhaust air energy recovery system that results in an enthalpy recovery ratio of at least 50 percent. [ASHRAE 90.1:6.5.6.4]
E 503.5.11 Exhaust Systems. Exhaust systems shall comply with Section E 503.5.11.1 through Section E 503.5.11.3.
E 503.5.11.1 Transfer Air. Conditioned supply air delivered to a space with a mechanical exhaust shall not exceed the greater of the following:
(1) The supply flow required to be in accordance with the space heating or cooling load;
(2) The ventilation rate required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, the Facility Environmental Health and Safety department, Chapter 4 or ASHRAE 62.1; or
»
»
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CBC § 209.1.7 High relevance — show source text
If the device is placed in calibration mode, automatically restore its time delay settings to normal operation programmed time delays after no more than 60 minutes; and 5. Have a setpoint control that easily distinguishes settings to within 10 percent of full scale adjustment; and 6. Have a light sensor that has a linear response with 5 percent accuracy over the range of illuminance measured by the light sensor; and 7. Have a light sensor that is physically separated from where calibration adjustments are made or is capable of being calibrated in a manner that the person initiating calibration is remote from the sensor during calibration to avoid influencing calibration accuracy. A6.209.1.7 Interior photosensors. Interior photosensor shall not have a mechanical slide cover or other device that permits easy unauthorized disabling of the control and shall not be incorporated into a wall-mounted occupant-sensor. A6.209.1.8 Multilevel astronomical time-switch controls. Multilevel astronomical time-switch controls used to control lighting in daylit zones shall:
- Contain at least two separately programmable steps per zone that reduces illuminance in a relatively uniform manner as specified in Section A6.209.2.2; and
- Have a separate offset control for each step of 1 to 240 minutes; and
- Have sunrise and sunset prediction accuracy within +/- 15 minutes and timekeeping accuracy within 5 minutes per year; and
2025 CALIFORNIA GREEN BUILDING STANDARDS CODE APPENDIX A6.1-23
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
APPENDIX A6.1 — VOLUNTARY STANDARDS FOR HEALTH FACILITIES [OSHPD 1, 2 & 4]
- Store astronomical time parameters (used to develop longitude, latitude, time zone) for at least 7 days if power is interrupted; and
- Display date/time, sunrise and sunset and switching times for each step; and
- Have an automatic daylight savings time adjustment; and
- Have automatic time switch capabilities specified in Section A6.209.1.3.
A6.209.1.9 Outdoor astronomical time-switch controls. Outdoor astronomical time-switch controls used to control outdoor lighting as specified in Section A6.209.3.3 shall:
Contain at least two separately programmable steps per function area; and
Have the ability to independently offset the on and off times for each channel by 0 to 99 minutes before or after sunrise or sunset; and
Have sunrise and sunset prediction accuracy within +/- 15 minutes and timekeeping accuracy within 5 minutes per year; and
Store astronomical time parameters (used to develop longitude, latitude, time zone) for at least 7 days if power is interrupted; and
Display date/time, sunrise and sunset; and
Have an automatic daylight savings time adjustment; and
Have automatic time switch capabilities specified in Section A6.209.1.3.
Frequently asked questions
Do Appendix A5 measures apply automatically to every project?
No. Appendix A5 are voluntary (elective) measures unless adopted locally; they are used when a project elects to pursue the CALGreen tier or to take specific Appendix measures per the Tier rules. § A5.601 explains tier application; the individual measures are in § A5.203.1.1.
Where do I find the actual daylighting PAF numbers?
Appendix A5 points you to Title 24, Part 6 § 140.3(d) for the daylighting design power adjustment factors (PAFs); Appendix A5 does not list the numeric factors itself. § A5.203.1.1.4 directs you to § 140.3(d).
If my AHU has 70% outdoor air, do I need heat recovery?
No — the Appendix threshold for required exhaust‑air heat recovery is a design outdoor‑air fraction of 80% or greater (and supply ≥ 200 cfm) in the listed climate zones. Check § A5.203.1.1.5.
How is the 0.15 solar savings fraction interpreted?
The solar savings fraction is the portion of the annual service water heating energy that the solar system is expected to offset (15% required for qualifying restaurants in § A5.203.1.1.2). This is not the same as collector thermal efficiency.
Can I claim the restaurant solar exception if rooftop mechanicals shade the roof?
The exception test for rooftop solar access excludes shading from obstructions located on the roof or other parts of the building when determining annual solar access; read the exception text in § A5.203.1.1.2 for the measurement rule.
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