UNITED STATES MODEL TECHNICAL EXPLANATION ACCOMPANYING THE UNITED STATES MODEL INCOME…
U.S. Income Tax Treaty — Technical Explanation -2006 · 2026-10-03 edition · updated 2026-10-04 · United States
Sections in this part
- ARTICLE 1 (GENERAL SCOPE)
- ARTICLE 2 (TAXES COVERED)
- ARTICLE 3 (GENERAL DEFINITIONS)
- Article 3 provides general definitions and rules of interpretation applicable throughout
- ARTICLE 4 (RESIDENT)
- ARTICLE 5 (PERMANENT ESTABLISHMENT)
- ARTICLE 6 (INCOME FROM REAL PROPERTY)
- ARTICLE 7 (BUSINESS PROFITS)
- ARTICLE 8 (SHIPPING AND AIR TRANSPORT)
- ARTICLE 9 (ASSOCIATED ENTERPRISES)
- ARTICLE 10 (DIVIDENDS)
- Article 10 provides rules for the taxation of dividends paid by a company that is a
- ARTICLE 11 (INTEREST)
- Article 11 specifies the taxing jurisdictions over interest income of the States of source
- ARTICLE 12 (ROYALTIES)
- Article 12 provides rules for the taxation of royalties arising in one Contracting…
- ARTICLE 13 (GAINS)
- Article 13 assigns either primary or exclusive taxing jurisdiction over gains from the
- ARTICLE 14 (INCOME FROM EMPLOYMENT)
- Article 14 apportions taxing jurisdiction over remuneration derived by a resident of a
- Article 14 applies to any form of compensation for employment, including payments in
- ARTICLE 15 (DIRECTORS' FEES)
- ARTICLE 16 (ENTERTAINERS AND SPORTSMEN)
- ARTICLE 17 (PENSIONS, SOCIAL SECURITY, ANNUITIES, ALIMONY, AND CHILD
- ARTICLE 18 (PENSION FUNDS)
- Article 18 deals with cross-border pension contributions. It is intended to remove
- ARTICLE 19 (GOVERNMENT SERVICE)
- ARTICLE 20 (STUDENTS AND TRAINEES)
- ARTICLE 21 (OTHER INCOME)
- Article 21 generally assigns taxing jurisdiction over income not dealt with in the other
- Article 21 also applies to items of income that are not dealt with in the other articles
- ARTICLE 22 (LIMITATION ON BENEFITS)
- Article 22 contains anti-treaty-shopping provisions that are intended to prevent residents
- Article 22 and the anti-abuse provisions of domestic law complement each other, as
- ARTICLE 23 (RELIEF FROM DOUBLE TAXATION)
- ARTICLE 24 (NON-DISCRIMINATION)
- ARTICLE 25 (MUTUAL AGREEMENT PROCEDURE)
- ARTICLE 26 (EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION AND ADMINISTRATIVE
- ARTICLE 27 (MEMBERS OF DIPLOMATIC MISSIONS AND CONSULAR POSTS)
- ARTICLE 28 (ENTRY INTO FORCE)
- ARTICLE 29 (TERMINATION)
- Article 29 relates only to unilateral termination of the Convention by a Contracting…
This is a technical explanation of the Convention between the United States and [the other Contracting State]1 for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income, signed on [date] (the “Convention”).
Negotiations took into account the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s current tax treaty policy, and the United States Model Income Tax Convention of November 15, 2006. Negotiations also took into account the Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital, published by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (the “OECD Model”), and recent tax treaties concluded by both countries.
The Technical Explanation is an official guide to the Convention. It reflects the policies behind particular Convention provisions, as well as understandings reached with respect to the application and interpretation of the Convention. References in the Technical Explanation to “he” or “his” should be read to mean “he or she” or “his and her.”
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