ARTICLE 12

Royalties

1. Royalties arising in a Contracting State and beneficially owned by a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed only in that other State.

2. The term “royalties” as used in this Convention means:

a) payments of any kind received as consideration to the use of, or the right to use, any copyright of literature, artistic, or scientific work (including cinematographic films, and audio and video tapes and disks), any patent, trademark, design or model, plan, secret formula or process, or other like right or property, or for information concerning industrial, commercial, or scientific experience; and

b) gains derived from the alienation of any property described in subparagraph a), provided that such gains are contingent on the productivity, use, or disposition of the property.

3. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the royalties, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the royalties arise, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the royalties are attributable to such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 (Business Profits) or Article 14 (Independent Personal Services), as the case may be, shall apply.

4. Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the royalties, having regard to the use, right, or information for which they are paid, exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of the Convention.

5. A State may not impose any tax on royalties paid by a resident of the other State, except insofar as

a) the royalties are paid to a resident of the first-mentioned State; b) the royalties are attributable to a permanent establishment or a fixed base situated in the first-mentioned State;

c) the contract under which the royalties are paid was concluded in connection with a permanent establishment or a fixed base which the payer has in the first-mentioned State, and such royalties are borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base and are not paid to a resident of the other State; or

d) royalties are paid in respect of intangible property used in the first-mentioned State and not paid to a resident of the other State, but only where the payer has also received a royalty paid by a resident of the first-mentioned State, or borne by a permanent establishment or fixed base situated in that State, in respect of the use of that property in the first-mentioned State and provided that the use of the intangible property in question is not a component part of,

nor directly related to, the active conduct of a trade or business in which the payer is engaged as meant in paragraph 3 of Article 23 (Limitation on Benefits).