ARTICLE 20

Visiting Professors and Teachers; Students and Trainees

1. Remuneration that a professor or teacher who is a resident of a Contracting State and who is present in the other Contracting State for a period not exceeding two years for the purpose of carrying out advanced study or research or for teaching at an accredited university, college, school, or other educational institution, or a public research institution or other institution engaged in research for the public benefit, receives for such work shall be taxable only in the first-mentioned State. This Article shall not apply to income from research if such research is undertaken not in the public interest but primarily for the private benefit of a specific person or persons. The benefits provided in this paragraph shall not be granted to an individual who, during the immediately preceding period, enjoyed the benefits of paragraph 2, 3, or 4.

2. Payments other than compensation for personal services that a student or business apprentice (including Volontäre and Praktikanten in the Federal Republic of Germany) who is or was immediately before visiting a Contracting State a resident of the other Contracting State and who is present in the first-mentioned State for the purpose of his full-time education or training receives for the purpose of his maintenance, education, or training shall not be taxed in that State, provided that such payment arise from sources, or are remitted from, outside that State.

3. Payment other than compensation for personal services that a person who is or was immediately before visiting a Contracting State a resident of the other Contracting State receives as a grant, allowance, or award from a non-profit religious, charitable, scientific, literary, or educational private organization or a comparable public institution shall not be taxed in the first-mentioned State.

4. A student or business apprentice within the meaning of paragraph 2, or a recipient of a grant, allowance, or award within the meaning of paragraph 3, who is present in a Contracting State for a

period not exceeding four years shall not be taxed in that State on any income from dependent personal services that is not in excess of $ 5,000 (five thousand United States dollars) or its equivalent in Deutsche mark per taxable year, provided that such services are performed for the purpose of supplementing funds available otherwise for maintenance, education, or training.

5. A resident of one of the Contracting States who is an employee of an enterprise of such State or of an organization or institution described in paragraph 3, and who is temporarily present in the other Contracting State for a period not exceeding one year solely to acquire technical, professional, or business experience from any person other than such enterprise, organization, or institution, shall be exempt from tax by that other State on compensation remitted from outside that other State for services wherever performed paid by such enterprise, organization, or institution if such compensation does not exceed $10,000 (ten thousand United States dollars) or its equivalent in Deutsche mark.