Farmer's Tax Guide›2025 Returns›12. Self-Employment Tax
! your partner, you must withhold and
2025 Publ 225 (PDF) · 2026-10-03 edition · updated 2026-10-04 · United States
CAUTION pay social security and Medicare taxes
for your spouse. For more information about employment taxes, see chapter 13 .
Qualified joint venture (QJV). If you and your spouse each materially participate as the only members of a jointly owned and operated farm, and you file a joint tax return for the tax year, you can make a joint election to be treated as a QJV instead of a partnership for the tax year. Making this election will allow you to avoid the complexity of Form 1065 but still give each spouse credit for social security earnings on which retirement benefits are based. For an explanation of “material participation,” see the instructions for Schedule C, line G, and the instructions for Schedule F, line E.
To make this election, you must divide all items of income, gain, loss, deduction, and credit attributable to the business between you and your spouse in accordance with your respective interests in the venture. Each of you must file a separate Schedule F and a separate Schedule SE. For more information, see Quali- fied Joint Ventures in the Instructions for Schedule SE (Form 1040).
Only businesses that are owned and
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