SECTION 2. BACKGROUND

Section 274 generally limits or disallows deductions for certain meal and entertainment expenses that otherwise would be allowable under chapter 1 of the Code (chapter 1). Section 274(n)(1) provides that a deduction for any expense for food or beverages generally is limited to 50 percent of the amount otherwise deductible under chapter 1. However, § 274(n)(2)(D) provides a temporary exception to the 50-percent limitation for expenses that are paid or incurred after December 31, 2020, and before January 1, 2023, for food or beverages provided by a restaurant. Notice 2021-25, 2021-17 I.R.B. 1118, explains when the temporary 100-percent deduction applies and when the 50-percent deduction continues to apply for purposes of § 274.

Section 274(d) generally provides that no deduction is allowed for any traveling expense (including meals while away from home) unless the taxpayer substantiates such expense by adequate records or by sufficient corroborating evidence. However, § 274(d) authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury or her delegate to prescribe by regulation that some or all of the substantiation

requirements do not apply in the case of an expense which does not exceed a particular amount. Section 1.274-5(j)(1) of the Income Tax Regulations authorizes the Commissioner of Internal Revenue (Commissioner) to establish a method allowing a taxpayer to treat a specific amount as paid or incurred for meals while traveling away from home instead of substantiating the actual cost. See also § 1.274-5(g).

In Rev. Proc. 2019-48, 2019-51 I.R.B. 1392, the Commissioner provides rules for taxpayers that choose to use a per diem rate to substantiate, under § 274(d) and § 1.274-5, the amount of ordinary and necessary business expenses paid or incurred while traveling away from home for: lodging, meal, and incidental expenses; meals and incidental expenses only; or incidental expenses only. Taxpayers that follow the rules in Rev. Proc. 2019-48 are deemed to meet the substantiation requirements in § 274(d) for the applicable travel expenses. See, for example, section 4.01 of Rev. Proc. 2019-48. Except for incidental expenses only deductions, all or part of the amount of an expense deemed substantiated under Rev. Proc. 2019-48 is subject to the appropriate limitation under § 274(n) on the deductibility of food or beverage expenses. See section 6.05 of Rev. Proc. 2019-48.