Definition of Terms

new ruling does more than restate the sub­ stance of a prior ruling, a combination of terms is used. For example, modified and superseded describes a situation where the substance of a previously published ruling is being changed in part and is continued without change in part and it is desired to restate the valid portion of the previous­ ly published ruling in a new ruling that is self contained. In this case, the previously published ruling is first modified and then, as modified, is superseded.

Supplemented is used in situations in which a list, such as a list of the names of countries, is published in a ruling and that list is expanded by adding further names in subsequent rulings. After the original ruling has been supplemented several times, a new ruling may be published that includes the list in the original ruling and the additions, and supersedes all prior rul­ ings in the series.

Revenue rulings and revenue procedures (hereinafter referred to as “rulings”) that have an effect on previous rulings use the following defined terms to describe the ­effect:

Amplified describes a situation where no change is being made in a prior pub­ lished position, but the prior position is being extended to apply to a variation of the fact situation set forth therein. Thus, if an earlier ruling held that a principle ap­ plied to A, and the new ruling holds that the same principle also applies to B, the earlier ruling is amplified. (Compare with modified, below).

Clarified is used in those instances where the language in a prior ruling is be­ ing made clear because the language has caused, or may cause, some confusion. It is not used where a position in a prior rul­ ing is being changed.

Distinguished describes a situation where a ruling mentions a previously pub­ lished ruling and points out an essential difference between them.

where a ruling mentions a previously pub­ the 1986 Code and regulations the same Suspended is used in rare situations to lished ruling and points out an essential position published under the 1939 Code show that the previous published rulings difference between them. and regulations. The term is also used will not be applied pending some future

Modified is used where the substance when it is desired to republish in a single action such as the issuance of new or of a previously published position is being ruling a series of situations, names, etc., amended regulations, the outcome of cas­ changed. Thus, if a prior ruling held that a that were previously published over a es in litigation, or the outcome of a Ser­ principle applied to A but not to B, and the period of time in separate rulings. If the vice study.