SECTION 4. PROGRAM ELIGIBILITY

.01 EPCRS Programs. (1) SCP . SCP is available to correct Operational Failures and certain Plan Document Failures as follows:

(a) Operational Failures . A Plan Sponsor of a Qualified Plan or 403(b) Plan that is otherwise eligible for correction under SCP may use SCP to correct significant and insignificant Operational Failures (including certain plan loan failures described in section 6.07). Operational Failures that are significant may be corrected under SCP only if the correction of the failure is completed or

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substantially completed (in accordance with section 9.03) by the last day of the correction period described in section 9.02.

(b) Plan Document Failures . A Plan Sponsor of a Qualified Plan or 403(b) Plan may use SCP to correct certain Plan Document Failures, as defined in section 5.01(2)(a) for a Qualified Plan and section 5.02(2)(a) for a 403(b) Plan, that are otherwise eligible for correction under SCP. A Plan Document Failure consisting of the initial failure to adopt a Qualified Plan, or the failure to adopt a written 403(b) Plan timely in accordance with §1.403(b)-3(b)(3) and Notice 2009-3 is treated as a Plan Document Failure that is not eligible to be corrected under SCP. All Plan Document Failures that are eligible to be corrected under SCP are treated as significant; thus, the correction must be completed by the last day of the correction period described in section 9.02.

(c) SEPs and SIMPLE IRA Plans . SEPs and SIMPLE IRA Plans are eligible to be corrected under SCP only with respect to insignificant Operational Failures.

(d) Demographic Failures and Employer Eligibility Failures . Demographic Failures and Employer Eligibility Failures may not be corrected under SCP.

(2) VCP . Qualified Plans, 403(b) Plans, SEPs, and SIMPLE IRA Plans are eligible for correction under VCP. VCP provides general procedures for correction of all Qualification Failures: Operational, Plan Document, Demographic, and Employer Eligibility. VCP also provides general procedures for the correction of plan loan failures (see section 6.07).

(3) Audit CAP . Unless otherwise provided, Audit CAP is available for the correction of Qualified Plans, 403(b) Plans, SEPs, and SIMPLE IRA Plans for all failures found on examination that have not been corrected in accordance with SCP or VCP. Audit CAP also provides general procedures for the correction of plan loan failures (see section 6.07).

(4) Eligibility for other arrangements . The IRS may extend EPCRS to other arrangements.

(5) Appropriate use of programs . In a particular case, the IRS may decline to make available one or more correction programs under EPCRS in the interest of sound tax administration.

.02 Effect of examination. If the plan or Plan Sponsor is Under Examination, VCP is not available. SCP is available only as follows:

(1) Insignificant Operational Failures . While the plan or Plan Sponsor is Under Examination, insignificant Operational Failures may be corrected under SCP.

(2) Significant Operational Failures . If correction of significant Operational Failures has been substantially completed (as described in section 9.03) before the plan or Plan Sponsor is Under Examination, the Plan Sponsor may complete correction of those failures under SCP.

.03 SCP eligibility require- ments relating to plan documents.

(1) Requirements for Qualified Plans and 403(b) Plans . The provisions of SCP relating to certain Plan Document Failures, as described in section 4.01(1)(b), and significant Operational Failures, as described in section 9, are available for a Qualified Plan that, as of the date of correction, is the subject of a Favorable Letter. See section 5.01(4) for the definition of Favorable letter for a Qualified Plan. The provisions of SCP relating to certain Plan Document Failures and significant Operational Failures are available for a 403(b) Plan if the conditions for being treated as having a Favorable Letter in section 6.10(2) are satisfied. See section 5.02(5) for the definition of Favorable letter for a 403(b) Plan.

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.04 Established practices and procedures.

.05 Correction by plan amendment.

(2) Requirements for SEPs and SIMPLE IRAs . The provisions of SCP relating to insignificant Operational Failures (see section 8) are available for a SEP only if the plan document consists of either (i) a valid Model Form 5305-SEP, Simplified Employee Pension—Individual Retirement Accounts Contribution Agreement, or 5305A-SEP, Salary Reduction Simplified Employee Pension—Individual Retirement Accounts Contribution Agreement, adopted by an employer in accordance with the instructions on the applicable form (see Rev. Proc. 2002-10, 2002-1 C.B. 401) or (ii) a prototype SEP that has a current favorable opinion letter and that has been amended in accordance with the procedures set forth in Rev. Proc. 2002-10. The provisions of SCP relating to insignificant Operational Failures are available for a SIMPLE IRA Plan only if the plan document consists of either (i) a valid Model Form 5305-SIMPLE, Savings Incentive Match Plan for Employees of Small Employers (SIMPLE)—for Use with a Designated Financial Institution, or 5304-SIMPLE, Savings Incentive Match Plan for Employees of Small Employers (SIMPLE)— Not for Use with a Designated Financial Institution, adopted by an employer in accordance with the instructions on the applicable form (see Rev. Proc. 2002-10) or (ii) a prototype SIMPLE IRA Plan that has a current favorable opinion letter and that has been amended in accordance with the procedures set forth in Rev. Proc. 2002-10.

To be eligible for SCP, the Plan Sponsor or administrator of a plan must have established practices and procedures (formal or informal) reasonably designed to promote and facilitate overall compliance in form and operation with applicable Code requirements. For example, the plan administrator of a Qualified Plan that may be top-heavy under § 416 may include in its plan operating manual a specific annual step to determine whether the plan is top-heavy and, if so, to ensure that the minimum contribution requirements of the top-heavy rules are satisfied. A plan document alone does not constitute evidence of established procedures. In order for a Plan Sponsor or administrator to use SCP, these established procedures must have been in place and routinely followed, and an Operational Failure or Plan Document Failure must have occurred through an oversight or mistake in applying them. SCP also may be used in situations in which the Operational Failure or Plan Document Failure occurred because the procedures that were in place, while reasonable, were not sufficient to prevent the occurrence of the failure. A plan that provides for elective deferrals and nonelective employer contributions that are not matching contributions is not treated as failing to have established practices and procedures to prevent the occurrence of a § 415(c) violation in the case of a plan under which excess annual additions under § 415(c) are regularly corrected by return of elective deferrals to the affected employee within 9½ months after the end of the plan’s limitation year. The correction, however, should not violate another applicable Code requirement. In the case of a failure that relates to Transferred Assets or to a plan assumed in connection with a corporate merger, acquisition, or other similar employer transaction between the Plan Sponsor and the sponsor of the transferor plan or the prior Plan Sponsor of an assumed plan, the plan is considered to have established practices and procedures for the Transferred Assets if such practices and procedures are in effect for the Transferred Assets by the end of the first plan year that begins after the corporate merger, acquisition, or other similar transaction. (See section 6.10(2) for special rules regarding established practices and procedures for 403(b) Plans.)

(1) Availability of correction by plan amendment in VCP or Audit CAP . A Plan Sponsor of a Qualified Plan or 403(b) Plan may use VCP or Audit CAP to correct Plan Document, Demographic, and Operational Failures by plan amendment, including to correct an Operational Failure by plan amendment to conform the terms of the plan to the plan’s prior operations, provided that the amendment complies with the applicable Code requirements (including the requirements of §§ 401(a)(4), 410(b), 411(d)(6), and 403(b)(12), as applicable). In addition, a Plan Sponsor may adopt a plan amendment to reflect corrective action. For example, if the plan failed to satisfy the actual deferral percentage (ADP) test required under § 401(k)(3) and the Plan Sponsor must make qualified nonelective contributions not already provided for under the plan, the plan may be amended to provide for qualified nonelective contributions. As explained further in sections 6.05 and 10.07(2), the issuance of a compliance statement constitutes a determination that the failure identified has

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.06 Availability of correc- tion for Employer Eligi- bility Failures and Demo- graphic Failures.

.07 Availability of correc- tion for a terminated plan.

.08 Availability of correc- tion for an Orphan Plan.

been corrected, but does not constitute a determination that the terms of the plan, including the corrective plan amendment, satisfy the qualification requirements in form.

(2) Availability of correction by plan amendment in SCP . SCP is available for corrections made by plan amendment, as provided in section 4.05(2)(a), (b), and (c). In addition, a Plan Sponsor may adopt a plan amendment to reflect corrective action. For example, if the plan failed to satisfy the actual deferral percentage (ADP) test required under § 401(k)(3) and the Plan Sponsor must make qualified nonelective contributions not already provided for under the plan, the plan may be amended to provide for qualified nonelective contributions.

(a) Correction of Operational Failure by plan amendment for a Qualified Plan or 403(b) Plan . A Plan Sponsor of a Qualified Plan or 403(b) Plan may correct an Operational Failure by plan amendment in order to conform the terms of the plan to the plan’s prior operations only if the following conditions are satisfied:

(i) The plan amendment would result in an increase of a benefit, right or feature.

(ii) The increase in the benefit, right, or feature applies to all employees eligible to participate in the plan.

(iii) Providing the increase in the benefit, right, or feature to participants is permitted under the Code (including the requirements of §§ 401(a)(4), 410(b), 411(d)(6), and 403(b)(12), as applicable), and satisfies the correction principles of section 6.02 and any other applicable rules of this revenue procedure.

(b) Operational Failure correction methods in accordance with Appendix B. In addition to correction by plan amendment as described in section 4.05(2)(a), a Plan Sponsor of a Qualified Plan or 403(b) Plan may use SCP to correct Operational Failures listed in section 2.07 of Appendix B by plan amendment, to conform the terms of the plan to the plan’s prior operations. Under SCP, these failures must be corrected in accordance with the correction methods set forth in section 2.07 of Appendix B.

(c) Plan Document Failures . A Plan Sponsor of a Qualified Plan or 403(b) Plan may use SCP to correct an eligible Plan Document Failure, as described in section 4.01(1)(b), only if the following conditions are satisfied:

(i) The Qualified Plan or 403(b) Plan has been issued a Favorable Letter, as respectively defined in sections 5.01(4) and 5.02(5).

(ii) The Plan Sponsor satisfies the requirements in section 9 relating to correcting a Plan Document Failure. Thus, for example, the Plan Sponsor must adopt a corrective plan amendment by the end the correction period set forth in section 9.02.

SCP is not available for a Plan Sponsor to correct Employer Eligibility Failures or Demographic Failures.

Correction of Qualification Failures and 403(b) Failures in a terminated plan may be made under VCP or Audit CAP, whether or not the plan trust or contract is still in existence.

A failure in an Orphan Plan that is terminating may be corrected under VCP or Audit CAP if the party acting on behalf of the plan is an Eligible Party, as defined in section 5.03(2). See, generally,

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.09 Availability of correc- tion for § 457(b) plans.

section 6.02(2)(e)(i). SCP is not available for correcting failures in Orphan Plans. In the case of a terminating Orphan Plan, the IRS may, in its discretion, waive the user fee. In such a case, the submission must include a request for a waiver of the user fee. See section 11.04(14).

The IRS will accept submissions relating to § 457(b) plans on a provisional basis outside of EPCRS through standards that are similar to those that apply with respect to VCP filings under sections 10 and 11, as applicable, including procedures for filing a submission on the www.pay.gov website. The availability of correction is generally limited to plans that are sponsored by governmental entities described in § 457(e)(1)(A). In the case of a § 457(b) plan that is an unfunded deferred compensation plan established for the benefit of top hat employees of a tax-exempt entity described in § 457(e)(1)(B), the IRS generally will not enter into an agreement to address problems associated with such a plan. However, the IRS may consider a submission for such a plan where, for example, the plan was erroneously established to benefit the entity’s nonhighly compensated employees and the plan has been operated in a manner that is similar to a Qualified Plan.

.10 Egregious failures. (1) In general . Egregious failures include: (a) a plan that has consistently and improperly covered only highly compensated employees; (b) a plan that provides more favorable benefits for an owner of the employer based on a purported collective bargaining agreement where there has in fact been no good faith bargaining between bona fide employee representatives and the employer (see Notice 2003-24, 2003-1 C.B. 853, with respect to good faith bargaining and welfare benefit funds); or (c) a defined contribution plan where a contribution is made on behalf of a highly compensated employee that is several times greater than the dollar limit set forth in § 415(c).

(2) SCP . SCP is not available to correct Operational Failures or Plan Document Failures that are egregious.

(3) VCP . VCP is available to correct egregious failures. However, the IRS reserves the right to impose a sanction that may be larger than the user fee described in Rev. Proc. 2019–4, 2019–1 I.R.B. 146 (and its annual successors). For this purpose, an egregious failure would include any case in which the IRS concludes that the parties controlling the plan recognized that the action taken would constitute a failure and the failure either involves a substantial number of participants or beneficiaries or involves participants who are predominantly highly compensated employees.

(4) Audit CAP . Audit CAP is available to correct egregious failures.

.11 Diversion or misuse of plan assets.

.12 Abusive tax avoidance transactions.

SCP, VCP, and Audit CAP are not available to correct failures relating to the diversion or misuse of plan assets.

(1) Effect on Programs . (a) SCP . With respect to SCP, in the event that the plan or the Plan Sponsor has been a party to an abusive tax avoidance transaction (as defined in section 4.12(2)), SCP is not available to correct any Operational Failure or Plan Document Failure that is directly or indirectly related to the abusive tax avoidance transaction.

(b) VCP . With respect to VCP, if the IRS determines that a plan or Plan Sponsor was, or may have been, a party to an abusive tax avoidance transaction (as defined in section 4.12(2)), then the matter will be discussed and coordinated with appropriate IRS personnel. The IRS may determine that the plan or the Plan Sponsor has been a party to an abusive tax avoidance transaction, and that the failures addressed in the VCP submission are related to that transaction. In those situations, the IRS will conclude the review of the submission without issuing a compliance statement and will refer

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the case for examination. However, if the IRS determines that the plan failures are unrelated to the abusive tax avoidance transaction or that no abusive tax avoidance transaction occurred, then the IRS will permit the VCP submission to address the failures identified in the VCP submission, and may issue a compliance statement with respect to those failures. In no event may a compliance statement be relied on for the purpose of concluding that the plan or Plan Sponsor was not a party to an abusive tax avoidance transaction. In addition, even if it is concluded that the failures can be addressed pursuant to a VCP submission, the IRS reserves the right to make a referral of the abusive tax avoidance transaction matter for examination.

(c) Audit CAP and SCP (for plans Under Examination) . For plans Under Examination, if the IRS determines that the plan or Plan Sponsor was, or may have been, a party to an abusive tax avoidance transaction, the matter may be discussed and coordinated with appropriate IRS personnel. With respect to plans Under Examination, an abusive tax avoidance transaction includes a transaction described in section 4.12(2) and any other transaction that the IRS determines was designed to facilitate the impermissible avoidance of tax. Upon receiving a response from the appropriate IRS personnel, (i) if the IRS determines that a failure is related to the abusive tax avoidance transaction, the IRS reserves the right to conclude that neither Audit CAP nor SCP is available for that failure, or (ii) if the IRS determines that satisfactory corrective actions have not been taken with regard to the transaction, the IRS reserves the right to conclude that neither Audit CAP nor SCP is available to the plan.

(2) Abusive tax avoidance transaction defined . For purposes of section 4.12(1) (except to the extent otherwise provided in section 4.12(1)(c)), an abusive tax avoidance transaction means any listed transaction under §1.6011-4(b)(2) and any other transaction identified as an abusive transaction on the IRS website entitled “EP Abusive Tax Transactions.”