Part XVI is used to report direct and indirect transfers to (line 1a)

and direct and indirect transactions with (line 1b) and relationships with (line 2) any other noncharitable exempt organization. A “noncharitable exempt organization” is a tax-exempt organization described in section 501(c), other than in paragraph (3) of section 501(c), or a political organization described in section 527.

For purposes of these instructions, the section 501(c)(3) organization completing Part XVI is referred to as the “reporting organization.”

A noncharitable exempt organization is “related to or affiliated with” the reporting organization if either:

Line 1. Reporting of certain transfers and transactions. Generally, report on line 1 any transfer to or transaction with a noncharitable exempt organization even if the transfer or transaction constitutes the only connection with the noncharitable exempt organization.

Related organizations. If the noncharitable exempt organization is related to or affiliated with the reporting organization, report all direct and indirect transfers and transactions except for contributions and grants to the reporting organization.

Unrelated organizations. All transfers to an unrelated noncharitable exempt organization must be reported on line 1a. All transactions between the reporting organization and an unrelated noncharitable exempt organization must be shown on line 1b unless they meet an exception in the specific instructions for line 1b.

Line 1a. Transfers. Answer “Yes” to lines 1a(1) and 1a(2) if the reporting organization made any direct or indirect transfers of any value to a noncharitable exempt organization.

• The two organizations share some element of common control, or

• A historic and continuing relationship exists between the two organizations.

A noncharitable exempt organization is unrelated to the reporting organization if:

• The two organizations share no element of common control, and

• A historic and continuing relationship doesn't exist between the two organizations.

An “element of common control” is present when one or more of the officers, directors, or trustees of one organization are elected or appointed by the officers, directors, trustees, or members of the other. An element of common control is also present when more than 25% of the officers, directors, or trustees of one organization serve as officers, directors, or trustees of the other organization.

A “historic and continuing relationship” exists when two organizations participate in a joint effort to achieve one or more common purposes on a continuous or recurring basis rather than on the basis of one or more isolated transactions or activities. Such a relationship also exists when two organizations share facilities, equipment, or paid personnel during the year, regardless of the length of time the arrangement is in effect.

36 Instructions for Form 990-PF (2025)

A “transfer” is any transaction or arrangement whereby one organization transfers something of value (cash, other assets, services, use of property, etc.) to another organization without receiving something of more than nominal value in return. Contributions, gifts, and grants are examples of transfers.

If the only transfers between the two organizations were contributions and grants made by the noncharitable exempt organization to the reporting organization, answer “No.”

Line 1b. Other transactions. Answer “Yes” for any transaction described on line 1b(1)–(6), regardless of its amount, if it is with a related or affiliated organization.

Unrelated organizations. Answer “Yes” for any transaction between the reporting organization and an unrelated noncharitable exempt organization, regardless of its amount, if the reporting organization received less than adequate consideration. There is adequate consideration when the fair market value of the goods and other assets or services furnished by the reporting organization isn't more than the fair market value of the goods and other assets or services received from the unrelated noncharitable exempt organization. The exception described below doesn't apply to transactions for less than adequate consideration.

Answer “Yes” for any transaction between the reporting organization and an unrelated noncharitable exempt organization if the “amount involved” is more than $500. The “amount involved” is the fair market value of the goods, services, or other assets furnished by the reporting organization.

Exception. If a transaction with an unrelated noncharitable exempt organization was for adequate consideration and the amount involved was $500 or less, answer “No” for that transaction.

Line 1b(3). Answer “Yes” for transactions in which the reporting organization was either the lessor or the lessee.

Line 1b(4). Answer “Yes” if either organization reimbursed expenses incurred by the other.

Line 1b(5). Answer “Yes” if either organization made loans to the other or if the reporting organization guaranteed the other's loans.

Line 1b(6). Answer “Yes” if either organization performed services or membership or fundraising solicitations for the other.

Line 1c. Complete line 1c regardless of whether the noncharitable exempt organization is related to or closely affiliated with the reporting organization. For purposes of this line, “facilities” includes office space and any other land, building, or structure whether owned or leased by, or provided free of charge to, the reporting organization or the noncharitable exempt organization.

organization on line 2 even if neither factor is present at the end of the year.

Don't enter unrelated noncharitable exempt organizations on line 2 even if transfers to or transactions with those organizations were entered on line 1. For example, if a one-time transfer to an unrelated noncharitable exempt organization was entered on line 1a(2), don't enter the organization on line 2.

Column (b). Enter the exempt category of the organization; for example, “501(c)(4).”

Column (c). In most cases, a simple description, such as “common directors” or “auxiliary of reporting organization,” will be sufficient. If you need more space, enter “See Attached” in column (c) and use an attached sheet to describe the relationship. If you are entering more than one organization on line 2, identify which organization you are describing on the attached sheet.

Line 1d. Use this schedule to describe the transfers and transactions for which “Yes” was entered on lines 1a–c, earlier. You must describe each transfer or transaction for which the answer was “Yes.” You may combine all of the cash transfers (line 1a(1)) to each organization into a single entry. Otherwise, make a separate entry for each transfer or transaction.

Column (a). For each entry, enter the line number from lines 1a–c. For example, if the answer was “Yes” to line 1b(3), enter “b(3)” in column (a).

Column (d). If you need more space, enter “See Attached” in column (d) and use an attached sheet for the description. If making more than one entry on line 1d, specify on the attached sheet which transfer or transaction you are describing.

Line 2. Reporting of certain relationships. Enter on line 2 each noncharitable exempt organization that the reporting organization is related to or affiliated with, as defined earlier. If the control factor or the historic and continuing relationship factor (or both) is present at any time during the year, identify the

The return must be signed by the president, vice president, treasurer, assistant treasurer, chief accounting officer, or other corporate officer (such as tax officer) who is authorized to sign. A receiver, trustee, or assignee must sign any return that the authorized person is required to file for a corporation. If the return is filed for a trust, it must be signed by the authorized trustee or trustees. Sign and date the form and fill in the signer's title.

If an officer or employee of the organization prepares the return, the Paid Preparer Use Only area should remain blank. If someone prepares the return without charge, that person shouldn't sign the return.

Note: A paid preparer must sign the original or amended return by rubber stamp, mechanical device, or computer software program.

Generally, anyone who is paid to prepare the return must sign the return and fill in the other blanks in the Paid Preparer Use Only area. An employee of the filing organization isn't a paid preparer.

The paid preparer must:

• Sign the return in the space provided for the preparer's signature;

• Enter the preparer information;

• Enter the preparer tax identification number (PTIN); and

• Give a copy of the return to the organization, in addition to the copy to be filed with the IRS.

Failure to provide required information may result in a penalty for each violation under section 6695.

Caution: Enter the paid preparer's PTIN, not the social security number (SSN), in the “PTIN” box in the paid preparer's block. Because this form is publicly disclosable, any information entered in this block will be publicly disclosed. For more information about PTINs, visit the IRS website at IRS.gov/PTIN .

Paid Preparer Authorization On the “Sign Here” line, check “Yes” if the IRS can contact the paid preparer who signed the return to discuss the return. This authorization applies only to the individual whose signature appears in the Paid Preparer Use Only section of Form 990-PF. It doesn't apply to the firm, if any, shown in that section.

By checking “Yes” to this box, the organization is authorizing the IRS to contact the paid preparer to answer any questions that arise during the processing of the return. The organization is also authorizing the paid preparer to:

Instructions for Form 990-PF (2025) 37

• Give the IRS any information missing from the return;

• Call the IRS for information about processing the return; and

• Respond to certain IRS notices about math errors, offsets, and return preparation.

The organization isn't authorizing the paid preparer to bind the organization to anything or otherwise represent the organization before the IRS.

The authorization will automatically end no later than the due date (excluding extensions) for filing of the organization's Form 990-PF for its next tax year. If the organization wants to expand the paid preparer's authorization or revoke it before it ends, see Pub. 947, Practice Before the IRS and Power of Attorney.

Check “No” if the IRS should contact the organization listed in the Heading section rather than the paid preparer.

Getting tax forms, instructions, and publications. Go to IRS.gov/Forms to download current and prior-year forms, instructions, and publications.

Ordering tax forms, instructions, and publications. Go to IRS.gov/OrderForms to order current forms, instructions, and publications; call 800-829-3676 to order prior-year forms and instructions. The IRS will process your order for forms and publications as soon as possible. Don’t resubmit requests you've already sent us. You can get forms and publications faster online.

Paperwork Reduction Act Notice. We ask for the information on this form to carry out the Internal Revenue laws of the United States. You are required to give us the information. We need it to ensure that you are complying with these laws and to allow us to figure and collect the right amount of tax. You are not required to provide the information requested on a form that is subject to the Paperwork Reduction Act unless the form displays a valid OMB control number. Books or records relating to a form or its instructions must be retained as long as their contents may become material in the administration of any Internal Revenue law. Generally, tax returns and return information are confidential, as required by section 6103. However, certain returns and return information of tax-exempt organizations and trusts are subject to public disclosure and inspection, as required by section 6104.

Estimates of Taxpayer Burden. The following table shows burden estimates based upon current statutory requirements as of October 1, 2025, for taxpayers filing a 2025 return. These include forms in the 990 series, schedules and all the forms tax-exempt organizations attach to their tax returns. Time spent and out-of-pocket costs are presented separately. Time burden includes the time spent preparing to file and to file, with recordkeeping representing the largest component. Out-of-pocket costs include any expenses incurred by taxpayers to prepare and submit their tax returns. Examples include tax return preparation and submission fees, postage and photocopying costs, and tax preparation software costs. Note that these estimates don't include burden associated with post-filing activities. IRS operational data indicate that electronically prepared and filed returns have fewer arithmetic errors, implying lower post-filing burden.

Reported time and out-of-pocket cost burdens are national averages and include all associated forms and schedules, across all preparation methods and taxpayer activities. As a result, the averages don't necessarily reflect a “typical” case. Most taxpayers experience lower-than-average burden, with taxpayer burden varying considerably by taxpayer type.

Comments and suggestions. We welcome your comments about this publication and suggestions for future editions.

You can send us comments through IRS.gov/FormComments . Or you can write to the Internal Revenue Service, Tax Forms and Publications, 1111 Constitution Ave. NW, IR-6526, Washington, DC 20224.

Although we can’t respond individually to each comment received, we do appreciate your feedback and will consider your comments and suggestions as we revise our tax forms, instructions, and publications. Don’t send the form, tax questions, tax returns, or payments to the above address. Instead, see J. When and How To File, earlier.

38 Instructions for Form 990-PF (2025)

Exclusion Codes

General Exceptions 17— Rent from personal property leased with Debt-Financed Income

33—

01— Income from an activity that is not in relation to the combined income from 30— regularly carried on (section 512(a)(1))

02—

03—

Section 501(c)(3) organization—Income conservatorship or receivership (sections 31— from an activity carried on primarily for 512(b)(5) and (16)(A)) the convenience of the organization’s 19— Gain or loss from the lapse or termination members, students, patients, visitors, of options to buy or sell securities or real officers, or employees (hospital parking property, and on options and from the 32— lot or museum cafeteria, for example) forfeiture of good-faith deposits for the (section 513(a)(2))

Income from an activity in which labor is a material income-producing factor and substantially all (at least 85%) of the work is performed with unpaid labor (section 513(a)(1))

32—

Income exempt from debt-financed (section 514) provisions because at least 85% of the use of the property is for the organization’s exempt purposes. ( Note: This code is only for income from the 15% or less nonexempt purpose use.) (section 514(b)(1)(A))

Gross income from mortgaged property used in research activities described in section 512(b)(7), (8), or (9) (section 514(b)(1)(C))

Gross income from mortgaged property used in any activity described in section 513(a)(1), (2), or (3) (section 514(b)(1)(D))

04— Section 501(c)(4) local association of estate (section 512(b)(5)) 33— Income from mortgaged property

employees organized before May 27, 20— Income from research for the United (neighborhood land) acquired for exempt 1969— Income from the sale of States; its agencies or instrumentalities; purpose use within 10 years (section work-related clothes or equipment and 514(b)(3))

Section 501(c)(4) local association of employees organized before May 27, 1969— Income from the sale of work-related clothes or equipment and items normally sold through vending machines; food dispensing facilities; or snack bars for the convenience of association members at their usual places of employment (section 513(a)(2))

Income from the sale of merchandise, substantially all of which (at least 85%) was donated to the organization (section 513(a)(3))

17— Rent from personal property leased with real property and incidental (10% or less) in relation to the combined income from the real and personal property (section 512(b)(3))

18— Gain or loss from the sale of investments and other non-inventory property and from certain property acquired from financial institutions that are in conservatorship or receivership (sections 512(b)(5) and (16)(A)) 19— Gain or loss from the lapse or termination of options to buy or sell securities or real property, and on options and from the forfeiture of good-faith deposits for the purchase, sale, or lease of investment real estate (section 512(b)(5))

22— Income from research conducted by an organization whose primary activity is conducting fundamental research, the results of which are freely available to the general public (section 512(b)(9))

20— Income from research for the United States; its agencies or instrumentalities; or any state or political subdivision (section 512(b)(7))

34—

Income from mortgaged property acquired by bequest or devise (applies to income received within 10 years from the date of acquisition) (section 514(c)(2)(B))

21— Income from research conducted by a college, university, or hospital (section 512(b)(8))

05— Income from the sale of merchandise, 22— Income from research conducted by anorganization whose primary activity is 35— Income from mortgaged propertyacquired by gift where the mortgage was

substantially all of which (at least 85%) conducting fundamental research, the placed on the property more than 5 years was donated to the organization (section results of which are freely available to the previously and the property was held by 513(a)(3)) general public (section 512(b)(9)) the donor for more than 5 years (applies

to income received within 10 years from

Specific Exceptions 23— Income from services provided under the date of gift) (section 514(c)(2)(B))

35—

Specific Exceptions

06— Section 501(c)(3), (4), or (5) organization agency and conducted by a religious 36— Income from property received in return

conducting an agricultural or educational order or school operated by a religious for the obligation to pay an annuity fair or exposition—Qualified public described in section 514(c)(5)

Section 501(c)(3), (4), or (5) organization conducting an agricultural or educational fair or exposition—Qualified public entertainment activity income (section 513(d)(2))

23— Income from services provided under license issued by a federal regulatory agency and conducted by a religious order or school operated by a religious order, but only if the trade or business has been carried on by the organization since before May 27, 1959 (section 512(b)(15))

36—

37—

Income from mortgaged property that provides housing to low and moderate income persons, to the extent the mortgage is insured by the Federal Housing Administration (section 514(c)(6)). ( Note: In many cases, this would be exempt function income reportable in column (e). It would not be so in the case of a section 501(c)(5) or (6) organization, for example, that acquired the housing as an investment or as a charitable activity. )

07—

Section 501(c)(3), (4), (5), or (6) organization—Qualified convention and trade show activity income (section 513(d)(3))

Foreign Organizations

24— 08— Income from hospital services described in section 513(e)

Foreign organizations only—Income from a trade or business NOT conducted in the United States and NOT derived from United States sources (patrons) (section 512(a)(2))

09—

Income from noncommercial bingo games that do not violate state or local law (section 513(f))

Social Clubs and VEBAs

38—

38— Income from mortgaged real property

10— Income from games of chance conducted owned by: a school described in section

by an organization in North Dakota 25— Section 501(c)(7), (9), or (17) 170(b)(1)(A)(ii); a section 509(a)(3) affiliated (section 311 of the Deficit Reduction Act organization—Non-exempt function support organization of such a school; a of 1984, as amended) income set aside for a charitable, etc., section 501(c)(25) organization; or by a

purpose specified in section 170(c)(4)

11— Section 501(c)(12) organization— Qualified partnership in which any of the above

(section 512(a)(3)(B)(i))

pole rental income (section 513(g)) and/or organizations owns an interest if the member income (described in section 26— Section 501(c)(7), (9), or (17) requirements of section 514(c)(9)(B)(vi) are 501(c)(12)(H)) organization—Proceeds from the sale of met (section 514(c)(9))

Income from games of chance conducted by an organization in North Dakota 25— (section 311 of the Deficit Reduction Act of 1984, as amended)

Section 501(c)(7), (9), or (17) organization—Non-exempt function income set aside for a charitable, etc., purpose specified in section 170(c)(4) (section 512(a)(3)(B)(i))

11—

28—

29—

26—

Section 501(c)(7), (9), or (17) organization—Proceeds from the sale of exempt function property that was or will be timely reinvested in similar property (section 512(a)(3)(D))

39—

12—

Section 501(c)(12) organization— Qualified pole rental income (section 513(g)) and/or member income (described in section 501(c)(12)(H))

Income from the distribution of low-cost articles in connection with the solicitation of charitable contributions (section 513(h))

Income from the exchange or rental of membership or donor list with an organization eligible to receive charitable contributions by a section 501(c)(3) organization; by a war veterans’ organization; or an auxiliary unit or society of, or trust or foundation for, a war veterans’ post or organization (section 513(h))

Special Rules

of charitable contributions (section 513(h)) 39— Section 501(c)(5) organization—Farm

13— Income from the exchange or rental of 27— Section 501(c)(9) or (17) organization— income used to finance the operation and

membership or donor list with an Nonfunction income set aside for the maintenance of a retirement home, organization eligible to receive charitable ^{payment of life, sick, accident, or} hospital, or similar facility operated by the contributions by a section 501(c)(3) ^{other benefits (section 512(a)(3)(B)(ii))} organization for its members on property organization; by a war veterans’organization; or an auxiliary unit or society Veterans’ Organizations adjacent to the farm land (section1951(b)(8)(B) of Public Law 94-455)

27—

Section 501(c)(9) or (17) organization— Nonfunction income set aside for the

^{payment of life, sick, accident, or}

^{other benefits (section 512(a)(3)(B)(ii))}

Veterans’ Organizations

Section 501(c)(19) organization—Payments for life, sick, accident, or health insurance for members or their dependents that are set aside for the payment of such insurance benefits or for a charitable, etc., purpose specified in section 170(c)(4) (section 512(a)(4))

Section 501(c)(19) organization— Income from an insurance set-aside (see code 28 above) that is set aside for payment of insurance benefits or for a charitable, etc., purpose specified in section 170(c)(4) (Regs. 1.512(a)-4(b)(2))

Trade or Business

41— Gross income from an unrelated activity that is regularly carried on but, in light of continuous losses sustained over a number of tax periods, cannot be regarded as being conducted with the motive to make a profit (not a trade or business)

Other

42— Receipt of qualified sponsorship payments described in section 513(i)

40—

Annual dues, not exceeding $212 (subject to inflation), paid to a section 501(c)(5) agricultural or horticultural organization (section 512(d))

Modifications and Exclusions

14—

Dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, annuities, income from notional principal contracts, other substantially similar income from ordinary and routine investments, and loan commitment fees, excluded by section 512(b)(1)

15— Royalty income excluded by section 512(b)(2)

16—

Real property rental income that does not depend on the income or profits derived by the person leasing the property and is excluded by section 512 (b)(3)

43—

Exclusion of any gain or loss from the qualified sale, exchange, or other disposition of any qualifying brownfield property (section 512(b)(19))

Instructions for Form 990-PF (2025) 39

Index

A

Accounting methods 7 Accounting period 7 Adjusted net income 15 Amended return 8, 24 Amended returns, state 7 Annual return :

Amended 8 Copies to state officials 7 Extension for filing 8 Failure to file timely or completely 8 How to file 8 Purpose of form 2 State reporting requirements 6 Termination 13 When to file 8 Which parts to complete 3 Assets test 34 Attorney 38

B

Bank account 25 Business meals 19

C

Amounts set aside 32 Qualifying distributions (see the

Estimated tax 9

Penalty 9 Excise tax based on excess business

P

holdings 27 Excise tax based on excessive executive

Paid preparer 37 Penalties :

compensation 28 Excise tax based on investment income :

Domestic exempt private foundations 23 Domestic taxable private foundations and

Against responsible person 8 Estimated tax 9 Failure to disclose quid pro quo

contributions 16 Failure to file timely or completely 8 Failure to make return available for public

section 4947(a)(1) nonexempt charitable trusts 23 Foreign organizations 23 Exempt operating foundation

qualification 23 Extension for filing 8

inspection 12 Failure to pay timely 9 Photographs of missing children 2 Private foundation 2 Private operating foundation 4, 15, 34 Program services 36 Program-related investment 30, 32 Public inspection 25

Relief 12 Publications :

Pub. 947, Practice Before the IRS and

Power of Attorney 38

Q

Qualifying distributions 16, 17, 32, 33

Capital gains and losses :

instructions for Part XII for an explanation of qualifying distributions) for any year. 17

Basis 22 Gains 22 Losses 22 Charitable donation :

Substantiation of 16 Children 2 Contributions 19 Copy of old return 8 Currency 13

R

Required electronic filing 8 Rounding 13

S

Schedule B (Form 990, 990–EZ, or 990–

D

Definitions 2

Disqualified person 4 Distributable amount 32 Foundation manager 4 Gross investment income 15 Net investment income 15 Noncharitable exempt organization 36 Nonexempt charitable trust 4 Private foundation 2 Private operating foundation 4 Program-related investment 30 Qualifying distributions 32 Significant disposition 13 Substantial contraction 12 Taxable private foundation 2 Depreciation 18 Disqualified person 4 Disregarded entity 29 Dissolution 12 Distributable amount 32

E

Elections 23, 33, 34 Endowment test 34

40

F

Failure to file timely or completely 8 Failure to pay tax when due 9 Filing extension 8 Financial account 25 Foreign 25

Accounts 25 Foreign organizations 12, 14, 23 Foundation manager 4

G

Gifts 19 Grants 19 Gross investment income 15 Gross profit 17 Gross receipts 8

H

How To Get Forms and Publications 38

I

Income test 34 Incomplete return :

How to avoid 2 Penalties 8 Inventory 17

L

Large organization 8 Liquidation 12

M

Minimum investment return 30

Short tax year 32

N

PF) 16 Section 4943(g), exception from excise tax

on excess business holdings 27 Self-dealing 27 Signature 37 Significant disposition 13 Significant involvement 29 State reporting requirements 6

Amended returns 7 Substantial contraction 12 Substantial contributor 25 Support test 34

Net investment income 14, 15, 19

Business meals 19 Noncharitable exempt organization 36 Nonexempt charitable trust 4, 9, 25 Nonoperating private foundation 16, 17

T

Taxable private foundation 4 Termination 12, 14

Annual return 13 Special rules 13 Travel 18

W

When to file 8

Extension 8 Where to file 8 Which parts to complete 3 Who must file 2

Nonoperating private foundation 4

O

Other expenses 19