Part VI. Breakdown of aggregate amounts in Part IV. New

columns were added in this part for passive and non-passive credits.

Clean electricity production credit under section 45Y. The clean electricity production credit figured on Form 7211 is reported on Form 3800, Part III, line 1gg. See the Instructions for Form 7211 for more information.

Clean fuel production credit under section 45Z. The clean fuel production credit figured on Form 7218 is reported on Form 3800, Part III, line 1q. See the Instructions for Form 7218 for more information.

Clean electricity investment credit under section 48E. The clean electricity investment credit figured on Part V of Form 3468 is reported on Form 3800, Part III, line 1v. See the Instructions for Form 3468 for more information.

Revocation of the section 6417 election. Electing taxpayers may, during a subsequent year of the election period, revoke the elective payment election for an applicable credit property described in Regulations sections 1.6417-1(e)(3), (5), and (7) (applicable credit property related to the credit for carbon oxide sequestration, qualified clean hydrogen production, and advanced manufacturing production credit). See Revocation of the Section 6417 Election , later.

EPEs and Transfer Elections CHIPS 2022 and IRA 2022 allow applicable entities or certain taxpayers to treat certain business credits as payments of federal income tax, or, in the case of partnerships or S corporations, to allow payments in the amount of such credits.

Applicable entity making an EPE on IRA 2022 credits. IRA 2022 extends, modifies, or creates several energy-related investment and production tax credits. These credits are taken as general business credits. IRA 2022 also created section 6417, which permits an applicable entity to make an EPE with respect to each applicable credit reported in Part III.

An applicable entity is defined as any of the following.

• An organization exempt from the tax imposed by subtitle A by reason of subchapter F of chapter 1 of subtitle A;

• The government of any U.S. territory or political subdivision or instrumentality thereof;

• Any state, the District of Columbia, or a political subdivision or instrumentality thereof;

• The Tennessee Valley Authority;

• An Indian tribal government or a subdivision or instrumentality thereof;

• Any Alaska Native Corporation (as defined in section 3 of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1602(m))); and

Caution: Partnerships and S corporations must generally complete the source credit form. All other filers whose only source for a credit listed in Form 3800, Part III, is from a partnership, S corporation, estate, trust, or cooperative, report the credit directly on Form 3800. The following exceptions apply.

• You or a lower-tier pass-through entity were allocated an IRA 2022 credit that has been transferred under section 6418.

• You are claiming the investment credit (Form 3468).

• You are an estate or trust and the source credit must be allocated to beneficiaries. For more details, see the Instructions for Form 1041, U.S. Income Tax Return for Estates and Trusts, Schedule K-1, box 13.

• You are a cooperative and the source credit can or must be allocated to patrons. For more details, see the Instructions for Form 1120-C, U.S. Income Tax Return for Cooperative Associations, Schedule J, line 5c.

You must file Form 3800 and the credit source form(s) to claim any of the general business credits.

Partnerships and S corporations. Partnerships and S corporations that make EPEs, transfer elections (as transferors), or receive a credit from a transfer (as transferees) must complete the name and identifying number boxes on page 1 and the applicable lines of Parts III and V. Complete only the lines for credits for which an EPE or transfer election is made. Attach Form 3800, and, if applicable, Schedule A (Form 3800), to your Form 1065 or Form 1120-S. See the instructions for Form 1065 at IRS.gov/Form1065 or Form 1120-S at IRS.gov/Form1120S . Partners and shareholders report their share of each transferred credit received from partnerships and S corporations on the applicable line of Part III of the partner’s or shareholder’s Form 3800.

Applicable entity. An applicable entity that makes an EPE for certain IRA 2022 credits must complete Form 3800 and its tax return. See Applicable entity making an EPE on IRA 2022 credits, below, for more information.

• Any corporation operating on a cooperative basis that is engaged in furnishing electric energy to persons in rural areas.

Taxpayer making an EPE for certain IRA 2022 credits. In addition to these applicable entities, certain taxpayers (as defined under sections 6417(d)(1)(B), 6417(d)(1)(C), and 6417(d)(1)(D)); and partnerships and S corporations under section 6417(c), can make the EPE for the clean hydrogen credit, the carbon oxide sequestration credit, and the advanced manufacturing production credit reported in Part III.

Note: The definition of “eligible taxpayer” in IRA 2022 is different from the definition of “eligible taxpayer” in CHIPS 2022.

Eligible taxpayer making an election to transfer certain IRA 2022 credits. IRA 2022 also allows eligible taxpayers (taxpayers not described in section 6417(d)(1)(A)) and, separately, partnerships and S corporations under section 6418(c) to make elections to transfer certain IRA 2022 business credits (or a portion thereof) reported in Part III to an unrelated person for cash.

Eligible taxpayer electing to transfer the small agri-biodie- sel producer credit under P.L. 119-21. P.L. 119-21 allows eligible taxpayers (taxpayers not described in section 6417(d)(1) (A)) and, separately, partnerships and S corporations under section 6418(c) to make elections to transfer the small agri-biodiesel producer credit (or a portion thereof) reported in Part III to an unrelated person for cash. Transferring the credit is only permitted for fuel sold or used after June 30, 2025.

Eligible taxpayer making an EPE for CHIPS 2022 credit. Under CHIPS 2022, an eligible taxpayer (as defined under section 48D(c)), partnerships, and S corporations can make the EPE under section 48D(d) for the advanced manufacturing investment credit.

See the specific instructions for Part III to make the EPEs and transfer elections.

Registering for and Making EPEs and Transfer Elections

If making an EPE or transfer election, you must do the following.

1. Prior to completing an election on Form 3800, you must get a registration number for each facility or property. Go to IRS.gov/Register for Elective Payment or Transfer of Credits .

2 Instructions for Form 3800 (2025)

Also, see Pub. 5884, Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) and CHIPS Act of 2022 (CHIPS) Pre-Filing Registration Tool, for more information about registering prior to making an election.

2. Complete the required form(s) (for example, Form 3468) on which you figure the specific general business credit(s). When completing a specific general business credit form, you must provide the registration number you received after completing step 1. You may also have to attach any information required regarding the entries made on the specific general business credit form.

3. Complete the required lines on Form 3800. If you’re liable for tax, you must first consider if any part of the general business credit(s) may be applied against tax. See Part I and Part II and Credit Ordering Rule, later, when making an EPE. To make the

election, you will need to complete the appropriate line(s) in Part III. See Part III. Current-Year General Business Credits, later, for more information. In addition, you may also need to complete Part V. See Part V. Breakdown of Aggregate Amounts in Part III for Facility-by-Facility, Multiple Pass-Through Entities, etc., later, for information regarding when you must complete Part V.

4. Attach all specific general business credit forms; Form 3800; and, if applicable, Schedule A (Form 3800); to your return. See Part III, later, and your return instructions for where to report the election.

Note: Completion of the pre-filing registration requirements and receipt of a registration number do not, by themselves, mean that you have earned the credit and made a proper election under section 48D(d), 6417, or 6418.

A registration number is valid only for the tax year for which it was obtained. It must be renewed if an election is sought in a subsequent year. Changes with respect to one or more credit properties, including changes in ownership, require an amended registration to reflect the new facts.

For more information, see Regulations sections 1.48D-6, 1.6417-5, and 1.6418-4.

Revocation of the Section 6417 Election

Electing taxpayers may, during a subsequent year of the election period, revoke the elective payment election for an applicable credit property described in Regulations sections 1.6417-1(e)(3), (5), and (7) (applicable credit property related to the credit for carbon oxide sequestration, qualified clean hydrogen production, and advanced manufacturing production credit). The revocation applies to the tax year for which the revocation is made and each subsequent tax year within the relevant election period. Any revocation of the section 6417 election may not itself be later revoked.

After revocation, the election period under section 6417 is no longer in effect, and any credit determined with respect to the applicable credit property can be transferred pursuant to a transfer election under section 6418(a) if the requirements of section 6418 and the section 6418 regulations are met.

For purposes of carryback and carryforward rules, unused credit means the sum of business credits carried forward to your tax year on Part IV, plus the amount of your net current credits on Part III, column (g), that exceeds the sum of any amount of such business credits allowed against your net income tax on Part II, line 38.

Caution: The carryforward must be reduced if there has been a recapture or other downward adjustment.

If you can’t use part or all of your general business credit because of the tax liability limit (Part II, line 38, is less than the sum of Part I, line 6; and Part II, lines 25 and 36), carry the unused credit back to prior years. The carryback period is generally 1 year. To carry back an unused credit, file an amended return (Form 1040-X, Amended U.S. Individual Income Tax Return; Form 1120-X, Amended U.S. Corporation Income Tax Return; or other amended return) for the prior tax year, or an application for tentative refund (Form 1045, Application for Tentative Refund; or Form 1139, Corporation Application for Tentative Refund). Generally, if you file an application for a tentative refund, it must be filed by the end of the tax year following the tax year in which the credit arose.

TIP: In general, no part of the unused credit for any year attributable to any credit can be carried back to any tax year before the first tax year for which that credit was first allowable. However, this general rule does not apply to unused credits listed in section 6417(b), which may be carried back 3 tax years. A “specified credit” listed in section 38(c)(4)(B) cannot be carried back to any tax year before the first tax year for which that specified credit was allowed against TMT unless it is a credit listed in section 6417(b). See Credit Ordering Rule, later, to determine which credits are allowed first.

In general, unused general business credits may be carried back 1 year and carried forward 20 years. Unused marginal oil and gas well production credits may be carried back 5 years and carried forward 20 years. Unused credits listed in section 6417(b) may be carried back 3 years and carried forward 20 years.

Any qualified business credits (as defined in section 196(c)) that are unused after the last tax year of the carryforward period (or at the time an individual taxpayer dies or other taxpayer, such as a corporation or partnership, ceases to exist) may be taken as a deduction in the earlier of:

• The tax year following the last tax year of the carryforward period, or

• The tax year in which the individual taxpayer dies or other taxpayer ceases to exist.

Figuring the carryforward if a payroll tax credit election is made. Qualified small businesses electing to claim a portion of the research credit as a payroll tax credit must adjust the research credit carryforward for the amount of the credit elected as a payroll tax credit on Form 6765, Credit for Increasing Research Activities.

Caution: A qualified small business is defined differently than an eligible small business. See Qualified Small Business and Eligible Small Business in the Instructions for Form 6765 for definitions.

The unused credit for the current year is determined by reducing the amount on Part I, line 6, and Part II, line 36, by the amount on Form 6765, line 36. If you have amounts on both Part I, line 6, and Part II, line 36, the reduction is made proportionately. No amount elected as a payroll tax credit can be used to offset the current-year tax liability nor can it be included in the carryforward or carryback calculation.

To revoke the section 6417 election, attach to the tax return a PDF labeled “Revocation of the section 6417 election” that includes the following information.

1. The IRS-issued registration numbers related to the relevant applicable credit property for each of the previous years the election was in effect (prior to this revocation).

2. Facility or property address of the applicable credit property.

3. Name of the credit the election was for (carbon oxide sequestration credit, advanced manufacturing production credit, or clean hydrogen production credit).

4. The first tax year (MM/YYYY) of the elective payment election for the applicable credit property.

Instructions for Form 3800 (2025) 3

Change in Filing or Marital Status Your general business credit is limited to your tax liability. Therefore, if you filed a joint return in a carryback or carryforward year and your marital status or filing status has changed, you may need to figure your separate tax liability in that carryback or carryforward year. This would apply if:

• Investment credit (in the following order—rehabilitation credit, energy credit, qualifying advanced coal project credit, qualifying gasification project credit, qualifying advanced energy project credit, qualifying therapeutic discovery project credit (carryforward only), advanced manufacturing investment credit, and clean electricity investment credit) (Form 3468, Parts II, III, IV, V, VI, and VII).

3800 arising in a single tax year are generally used in the following order.

• You filed as single in the credit year, but filed a joint return in the carryback or carryforward year;

• You filed a joint return in the credit year, but filed a joint return with a different spouse in the carryback or carryforward year; or

• You were married and filed a separate return in the credit year, but filed a joint return with the same or a different spouse in the carryback or carryforward year.

• Work opportunity credit (Form 5884).

• Biofuel producer credit (carryforward only).

• Credit for increasing research activities (Form 6765).

• Low-income housing credit (Form 8586).

• Enhanced oil recovery credit (Form 8830).

• Disabled access credit (Form 8826).

• Renewable electricity production credit (Form 8835).

• Empowerment zone employment credit (Form 8844).

• Renewal community employment credit (carryforward only).

• Indian employment credit (carryforward only).

• Credit for employer social security and Medicare taxes paid on certain employee tips (Form 8846).

Determine your separate tax liability in the carryback or carryforward year as follows.

1. Figure your tax for the carryback or carryforward year as though you were married filing a separate return.

2. Figure your spouse’s tax in that year as though your spouse was married filing a separate return.

3. Add the amounts in steps 1 and 2.

4. Divide the amount in step 1 by the amount in step 3. The result should be rounded to at least three decimal places.

5. Multiply the decimal in step 4 by the total tax shown on your joint return for the carryback or carryforward year. The result is your separate tax liability and a carryback or carryforward credit is applied against this amount only.

Although your carryback or carryforward of the credit is limited to your separate tax liability, the amount of your refund resulting from the carryback or carryforward is further limited to your share of the joint overpayment. This is found by subtracting your separate tax liability (as determined above) from your contribution toward the payment.

Unless you have an agreement or clear evidence of each spouse’s contribution toward the payment of the joint liability, your contribution includes the tax withheld on your wages and your share of the joint estimated tax or tax paid with the return. Your share of these payments is found by using the same formula used in determining your separate tax liability. Substitute the joint estimated tax, or tax paid with the return, for the tax in step 5. If the original return for the carryback year resulted in an overpayment, reduce your contribution by your share of the refund.

Attach a copy of the computation to your amended return or application for tentative refund.

Credit Ordering Rule General business credits reported on Form 3800 are treated as used on a first-in, first-out basis by offsetting the earliest-earned credits first. Therefore, the order in which the credits are used in any tax year is:

• Carryforwards to that year, the earliest ones first;

• The general business credit earned in that year; and

• The carryback to that year.

Credit amounts allowed as net EPE amounts in column (j) of Part III are treated as payments and are not considered used or unused credits for carryback and carryforward rules.

• Orphan drug credit (Form 8820).

• New markets credit (Form 8874).

• Small employer pension plan startup costs credit and contributions credit (Form 8881, Part I).

• Credit for employer-provided childcare facilities and services (Form 8882).

• Qualified railroad track maintenance credit (Form 8900).

• Biodiesel and renewable diesel credit (including small agri-biodiesel producer) (Form 8864).

• Low sulfur diesel fuel production credit (Form 8896).

• Credit for oil and gas production from marginal wells (Form 8904).

• Distilled spirits credit (Form 8906).

• Advanced nuclear power facility production credit (Form 7213, Part I).

• Nonconventional source fuel credit (carryforward only).

• Energy efficient home credit (Form 8908).

• Energy efficient appliance credit (carryforward only).

• Alternative motor vehicle credit (carryforward only).

• Alternative fuel vehicle refueling property credit (Form 8911, Part I).

• Mine rescue team training credit (carryforward only).

• Agricultural chemicals security credit (carryforward only).

• Credit for employer differential wage payments (Form 8932).

• Carbon oxide sequestration credit (Form 8933).

• Qualified plug-in electric vehicle credit (carryforward only).

• Clean vehicle credit (Form 8936, Part II).

• Credit for small employer health insurance premiums (Form 8941).

• Employee retention credit for employers affected by qualified disasters (carryforward only).

• Employer credit for paid family and medical leave (Form 8994).

• Small employer auto-enrollment credit (Form 8881, Part II).

• Zero-emission nuclear power production credit (Form 7213, Part II).

If your general business credits exceed your tax liability limit figured in Part II, the credits are generally used in the following order and based on the order shown under Order in which credits are used , later.

• Credits reported on line 2 of Part III, column (g), plus line 6 of Part IV, columns (e) and (f).

• Credits reported on Part II, line 25.

• Specified credits reported on line 5 of Part III, column (g), plus line 5 of Part IV, columns (e) and (f).

Order in which credits are used. When relevant, the components of the general business credit reported on Form

• Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) credit (carryforward only).

• Clean hydrogen production credit (Form 7210).

• Qualified commercial clean vehicle credit (Form 8936, Part V).

• Advanced manufacturing production credit (Form 7207).

• Clean electricity production credit (Form 7211).

• Clean fuel production credit (Form 7218).

• Small employer military spouse participation credit (Form 8881, Part III).

• General credits from an electing large partnership (carryforward only).

Credit ordering for taxpayers making an EPE. If you made an EPE for certain current credits reported on Part III, credit amounts allowed as a net EPE amount in column (j) of Part III are treated as payments and are not considered for carryback and carryforward rules.

4 Instructions for Form 3800 (2025)

An applicable entity with unrelated business income subject to tax under section 512 must use any applicable credit listed in section 6417(b) against that tax, regardless of whether the facility or property giving rise to the applicable credit was used in the unrelated business, to the extent the credit is not part of the net EPE amount in column (j) of Part III.

Eligible Small Business For purposes of the credit for increasing research activities (Form 6765), reported on Form 3800, Part III, line 4i; and the ESB credits, reported on Form 3800, Part IV, line 4y, an eligible small business is:

• A corporation whose stock is not publicly traded,

• A partnership, or

• A sole proprietorship.

The average annual gross receipts of the corporation, partnership, or sole proprietorship for the 3-tax-year period preceding the tax year of the credit cannot exceed $50 million. Gross receipts for any tax year must be reduced by returns and allowances made during the year. Any reference to your business also includes a reference to any predecessor of your business.

If your business was not in existence for the entire 3-year period, base your average annual gross receipts on the period your business existed. Also, if your business had a tax year of less than 12 months, your gross receipts must be annualized by multiplying the gross receipts for the short period by 12 and dividing the result by the number of months in the short period.

Member of controlled group, business under common control, or affiliated group. For purposes of the gross receipts test, all members of a controlled group of corporations (as defined in section 52(a)) and all members of a group of trades or businesses under common control (as defined in section 52(b)) are treated as a single employer; and all employees of the members of an affiliated service group (as defined in sections 414(m) and (o)) shall be treated as employed by a single employer.

Treatment of partners and S corporation shareholders. A partner or an S corporation shareholder cannot be treated as an eligible small business unless both the partnership or S corporation and partner or shareholder meet the gross receipts test, as discussed earlier, for the tax year that the credit is treated as a current-year general business credit.

Research Credit Claims on Amended Returns or Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act (TEFRA) Administrative Adjustment Requests (AAR), as Applicable TEFRA partnerships and partners in TEFRA partnerships cannot file amended returns; they must instead file AARs. An AAR is a statutorily provided type of amended filing used to change TEFRA partnership items.

If you are claiming a refund or credit on an amended return or AAR (as applicable) that includes a section 41 credit for increasing research activities that either (a) was not reported on your original filed return, or (b) is increased from the amount reported on your original return, and the section 41 credit you’re claiming on the amended return comes from a non-Bipartisan Budget Act (BBA) pass-through entity such as a(n) TEFRA partnership, S corporation, estate, trust, cooperative, or other non-TEFRA or non-BBA pass-through entity whose tax year ended during the tax year for which you are filing your amended return, the following five items of information must be identified and provided with your claim for each business component.

1. The factual basis of your section 41 research credit claim.

2. The research activities performed.

3. The individuals who performed each research activity. A taxpayer may instead identify the individuals who performed each research activity by listing the individual’s title or position.

4. The information each individual sought to discover.

5. The total qualified employee wage expenses, total qualified supply expenses, and total qualified contract research expenses incurred by the non-BBA pass-through entity for its claim year. This information may be provided by submitting a copy of the Form 6765 used by the non-BBA pass-through entity.

If you submit a credit study or other document, please identify the exact pages that contain the five items of information described above.

Note: The above requirements apply to all claimants, including sole proprietorships, per entity, regardless of business structure.

A taxpayer whose amended return includes a section 41 credit for increasing research activities from more than one non-BBA pass-through entity must separately provide the five items of information for each non-BBA pass-through entity.

Partners, shareholders, or other owners of a non-BBA pass-through entity should receive this information directly from the non-BBA pass-through entity, for example, in the form of an amended Schedule K-1 (and any statements attached thereto).

Partners of BBA partnership. BBA partnerships cannot file amended returns; they must instead file AARs. A BBA AAR is a statutorily provided type of amended filing used to change partnership-related items for any partnership tax year. If you are a partner of a BBA partnership and filing a return that includes a section 41 credit for increasing research activities from the BBA partnership’s AAR, you may, but are not required to, include the five items of information with your return to which your Form 8978, Partner’s Additional Reporting Year Tax, is attached if the BBA partnership has provided the information with its AAR.

Caution: Before completing Parts I and II, complete the applicable lines and columns of Part III, columns (a) through (h); Part IV, columns (a) through (f); Part V, columns (a) through (h) (2); and Part VI, columns (a) through (f).

Complete and attach the appropriate credit forms used to figure your current-year credit. See exceptions under General Instructions , earlier.

Item A. Corporate alternative minimum tax (CAMT) and base erosion anti-abuse tax (BEAT). If you are both an “applicable corporation” within the meaning of section 59(k)(1) and “applicable taxpayer” within the meaning of section 59A(e), check “Yes.” Otherwise, check “No.”

Item B. If you made an entry in Part III, column (f), check the “Yes” box for item B(i), and in item B(ii) enter the number of Schedules A (Form 3800) and other transfer election statements you will attach to your return.