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Section 3. Criminal Statutory Provisions and Common Law›9.1.3 Criminal Statutory Provisions and Common Law

Title 18 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure Applicable to Fraud and Miscellaneous…

Internal Revenue Manual Part 9. Criminal Investigation · 2026-10-03 edition · updated 2026-10-04 · United States

The following sections of Title 18 are criminal offenses within the jurisdiction of CI.

18 USC 2 - Principals

Title 18 USC 2 is known as the "accomplice statute" and generally provides that a person may be convicted of a crime even if he/she did not personally perform every act constituting the crime. More specifically, 18 USC 2(a) provides that the following persons are punishable as principals: (i) a person who commits an offense against the United States; and (ii) a person who aids, abets, counsels, commands, induces or procures the commission of an offense against the United States. Title 18 USC 2(b) (frequently referred to as "causing" ) provides that a person is also punishable as a principal if that person willfully causes an act to be done which if directly performed by him or another would be an offense against the United States.

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