Santa Monica Municipal Code Ch. 9.52 Terms and Definitions

(Amended by Ord. No. 2792CCS, 10/8/2024)

The following words or phrases as used in this Article shall have the following meanings:

9.52.020.0010

30% income household.

A household whose gross income does not exceed the 30% income limits applicable to the Los Angeles-Long Beach Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area, adjusted for household size, as published and periodically updated by HUD.

9.52.020.0020

50% income household.

A household whose gross income does not exceed 50% of the area median income, adjusted for household size, as published and periodically updated by HUD. 50% income households include 30% income households.

9.52.020.0030

60% income household.

A household whose gross income does not exceed 60% of the area median income, adjusted for household size, as published and periodically updated by HUD. 60% income households include 50% income households.

9.52.020.0040

80% income household.

A household whose gross income does not exceed 80% of the area median income, adjusted for household size, as published and periodically updated by HUD. 80% income households include 60% income households.

9.52.020.0050

100% affordable housing project.

Housing projects with a minimum of 25% of the units deed restricted or restricted by an agreement approved by the City for occupancy by 60% Income Households or less and the remainder of the housing units are deed restricted or restricted by an agreement approved by the City for occupancy by 80% Income Households or less. Such projects may include nonresidential uses not to exceed 33% of the project's total floor area.

9.52.020.0060

Abandoned, abandonment.

When, for a continuous period of one year or more, a nonconforming building, parcel, or use ceases. Resumption of a use after abandonment is a change of use. See Division 3, Section 9.27.050(B), Nonconforming Uses, Structures, and Parcels, for additional regulations.

9.52.020.0070

Abutting, adjoining, or adjacent.

Having a common property line or district line or separated only by an alley, path, private street, or easement.

9.52.020.0080

Access.

The place, or way through which pedestrians and/or vehicles shall have safe, adequate and usable ingress and egress to a property or use as required by this Article.

9.52.020.0090

Accessory building.

See Building, Accessory.

9.52.020.0095

Accessory dwelling unit.

An attached or detached residential dwelling unit that provides complete independent living facilities for one or more persons and that is located on a parcel with a proposed or existing primary single-unit or multi-unit dwelling. See Division 3, Section 9.31.025, Accessory Dwelling Units and Junior Accessory Dwelling Units, for further details.

9.52.020.0100

Accessory food service.

Establishments where food is located on the same parcel as or within a primary permitted use and is clearly incidental to the primary permitted use that is not an eating and drinking establishment. Food service that is more extensive than these provisions will cause this use to be considered an eating and drinking establishment subject to all of the applicable regulations. See Division 3, Section 9.31.030, Accessory Food Service, for further details.

9.52.020.0110

Accessory structure.

See Structure, Accessory.

9.52.020.0120

Accessory use.

See Use, Accessory.

9.52.020.0130

Act of nature.

A natural occurrence such as an earthquake, flood, tidal wave, hurricane, superstorm, meteor, or tornado which causes substantial damage to buildings or property.

9.52.020.0135

Affordable rent.

Affordable rent shall mean the following:

9.52.020.0140

Alley.

A public way permanently reserved for access to the rear or side of properties otherwise abutting on a street.

9.52.020.0150

Alteration.

Any change, addition or modification that changes the exterior architectural appearance or materials of a structure or object. Alteration includes changes in exterior surfaces, changes in materials, additions, remodels, demolitions, and relocation of buildings or structures, but excludes ordinary maintenance and repairs.

9.52.020.0160

Arcade.

A public passageway or colonnade open along at least one side, except for structural supports, usually covered by a canopy or permanent roofing.

9.52.020.0165

Area median income (AMI).

The median family income published from time to time by HUD for the Los Angeles-Long Beach Metropolitan Statistical Area.

9.52.020.0170

Artist.

An individual who is recognized by critics and peers; has verifiable training, credentials, and/or reputation in the field; and works in one or more of the following areas:

9.52.020.0180

Attic.

The area less than 7 feet in height, located above the ceiling of the top story and below the roof that is not usable as habitable or commercial space and is not accessible via a permanent access structure. An attic shall not be considered a story. City-designated landmarks may adapt attics to be habitable so long as they are within the historic building envelope and result in no change to the roofline. Such an adoption will also not be considered a story.

9.52.020.0190

Awning.

An architectural projection that provides weather protection, identity or decoration and is wholly supported by the building to which it is attached. An awning is typically constructed of non-rigid materials on a supporting framework which projects from and is supported by the exterior wall of a building.

9.52.020.0200

Balcony.

A platform that projects from the wall of a building 30 inches or more above grade that is accessible from the building's interior, is not accessible from the ground and is not enclosed by walls on more than 2 sides. See also Deck.

9.52.020.0210

Base district.

See Zoning District.

9.52.020.0220

Base height.

The maximum height to which a building or structure may be built by right pursuant to the Land Use and Circulation Element (LUCE) of the General Plan. This is also called the Tier 1 height.

9.52.020.0230

Basement.

The level(s) of a structure located below Average Natural Grade, Segmented Average Natural Grade, or Theoretical Grade, in which no portion of the level directly below Average Natural Grade, Segmented Average Natural Grade, or Theoretical Grade projects more than 3 feet above Average Natural Grade, Segmented Average Natural Grade, or Theoretical Grade. Up to 4 wall surfaces of the level directly below Average Natural Grade, Segmented Average Natural Grade, or Theoretical Grade may be exposed above Finished Grade, so long as this exposure does not exceed 40% of each of these wall surface areas. Each wall surface area is calculated by multiplying the height by the length of the wall. In addition, the visible wall surface height of these walls shall not exceed 3 feet above Finished Grade, except for an entrance to a garage, which must be designed to the minimum feasible width and not exceed the maximum size requirements set forth in Chapter 9.28, or for any light well or emergency egress as required by the Building Code. A basement shall not be considered a story.

9.52.020.0240

Bathroom.

A room containing a sink, a toilet, and a shower and/or bathtub.

9.52.020.0250

Bay window.

An angular or curved window that projects from the building surface.

9.52.020.0260

Bedroom.

Any habitable space in a dwelling unit or accessory structure other than a kitchen or living room that is intended for or capable of being used for sleeping, is at least 70 square feet in area, is separated from other rooms by a door, and is accessible to a bathroom without crossing another bedroom.

9.52.020.0270

Block.

Property bounded on all sides by a public right-of-way.

9.52.020.0280

Building.

Any structure having a roof supported by columns or walls and intended for the shelter, housing or enclosure of any individual, animal, process, equipment, goods or materials.

9.52.020.0290

Building, accessory.

A detached building located on the same parcel as the principal building, which is incidental and subordinate to the principal building in terms of both size and use. A building will be considered part of the principal building if located less than 6 feet from the principal building or if connected to it by fully enclosed space.

9.52.020.0300

Building, principal.

A building in which the principal use of the parcel on which it is located is conducted.

9.52.020.0310

Building Code.

Any ordinance of the City governing the type and method of construction of buildings, signs, and sign structures and any amendments thereto and any substitute therefor, including, but not limited to, the California Building Code, the State Historic Building Code, other state-adopted uniform codes and the Minimum Building Security Standards Ordinance.

9.52.020.0320

Building face.

The general outer surface of the structure or walls of a building. Where bay windows or pillars project beyond the walls, the outer surface of the windows or pillars shall be considered to be the face of the building.

9.52.020.0330

Building envelope.

The aggregate of building mass and building bulk permitted on a parcel which is defined by height regulations, setbacks and other property development standards.

9.52.020.0340

Building footprint.

See Footprint.

9.52.020.0350

Building height.

See Height.

9.52.020.0360

Building site.

A parcel or parcels of land occupied or to be occupied, by a main building and accessory buildings together with such open spaces as are required by the terms of this title and having its principal frontage on a street, road, highway, or waterway.

9.52.020.0370

Build-to line.

A line parallel to the parcel line where the facade of the building is required to be located.

9.52.020.0380

Buffer, buffering.

An area on a parcel which is designed to separate structures and uses from the general public and/or adjacent properties to reduce negative impacts. It may include landscaping, fences, and walls.

9.52.020.0390

California Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control (ABC).

The California State agency that regulates the permitting of alcohol beverage sales, including the sale of beer, wine, and distilled spirits.

9.52.020.0400

California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA).

Public Resources Code Section 21000 et seq., or any successor statute and associated guidelines (California Code of Regulations Section 15000 et seq.) that require public agencies to document and consider the environmental effects of a proposed action before a decision.

9.52.020.0410

Canopy.

A roofed shelter projecting over a sidewalk, driveway, entry, window, or similar area that may be wholly supported by a building or may be wholly or partially supported by columns, poles, or braces extending from the ground.

9.52.020.0420

Car sharing.

A formal or informal membership organization that owns a variety of motor vehicles that are parked in a number of different areas. Members use the motor vehicles under the terms of their membership.

9.52.020.0430

Carport.

A permanently roofed structure providing space for parking or temporary storage of vehicles. It may or may not include sides, but will be considered a garage if all 4 sides are enclosed.

9.52.020.0440

Change of use.

A discontinuance of an existing use and the substitution therefor of a use such that the new use represents a different use group (as defined in Chapter 9.51, Use Classifications) or is otherwise differently regulated by the zoning ordinance compared to the prior use. A change of ownership alone does not constitute a change of use. Resumption of a use after abandonment is a change of use.

9.52.020.0450

Clerestory.

A window or row of windows which typically run horizontally and are located at the upper portion of a wall to allow additional light and air into a room. A clerestory is not a skylight.

9.52.020.0460

City.

The City of Santa Monica.

9.52.020.0470

City Council.

The City Council of the City of Santa Monica.

9.52.020.0480

City Engineer.

The City Engineer of the City of Santa Monica.

9.52.020.0490

City-designated contributing building or structure.

A building or structure designated by the City as contributing to the designation of an area as a historic district pursuant to Section 9.56.130.

9.52.020.0500

City-designated historic resource.

Any existing property or structure that is designated by the City as a Landmark, Structure of Merit, or a Contributor to a Designated Historic District.

9.52.020.0510

City-designated landmark.

An improvement designated by the City as appropriate for historic preservation pursuant to Section 9.56.120.

9.52.020.0520

City-designated structure of merit.

An improvement designated by the City as appropriate for official recognition pursuant to Section 9.56.090.

9.52.020.0530

Commercial boulevard.

Commercial boulevards shall include the following:

9.52.020.0540

Conditionally permitted.

Permitted subject to approval of a Conditional Use Permit or Minor Use Permit.

9.52.020.0550

Construction.

Construction, erection, enlargement, alteration, conversion or movement of any building, structures, or land together with any scientific surveys associated therewith.

9.52.020.0560

Corner build-to area.

Area of a corner parcel where the facade of the building is required to be located.

9.52.020.0565

County.

County of Los Angeles.

9.52.020.0570

Courtyard.

An unroofed area that is completely or mostly enclosed by walls of a building.

9.52.020.0580

Cripple wall.

The short wood stud walls that enclose a crawl space under the first floor used to support a dwelling between the concrete foundation and the ground floor of a building. It elevates the dwelling above ground to allow access to the utility lines or to level a dwelling built on a slope.

9.52.020.0590

Curb cut.

A break in a curb allowing vehicle access from the roadway to a legal parking area within the parcel.

9.52.020.0600

Daylight plane.

A setback or series of setbacks on new buildings which allows the flow of light and air to adjacent residential buildings and properties.

9.52.020.0610

Deck.

A platform, either freestanding or attached to a building that is used for outdoor space. It typically extends from the facade of a building and is supported by pillars or posts but may be located on a flat portion of a building, such as a roof or setback. It is distinct from a patio. See also Balcony.

9.52.020.0620

Demising wall.

A partition wall that separates one tenant or owner's space from another or from the building hallway or other common area.

9.52.020.0630

Demolition.

The destruction, dismantling, or removal of a building or structure or substantial portion of a building or structure so that it constitutes demolition pursuant to the provisions of Section 9.25.030, Demolition Defined.

9.52.020.0640

Development.

Any manmade change to improved or unimproved real estate, including, but not limited to, the division of a parcel of land into 2 or more parcels; the construction, reconstruction, conversion, structural alteration, relocation, expansion, or enlargement of any structure; any mining, excavation, landfill or land disturbance; and any use or extension of the use of land.

9.52.020.0650

Development agreement.

An agreement between the City and any person having a legal or equitable interest in real property for the development of such property and which complies with the applicable provisions of the Government Code Section 65864 et seq., and local law for such development agreements pursuant to Chapter 9.60, Development Agreements.

9.52.020.0660

Director.

The Director of the Community Development Department of the City of Santa Monica or designee.

9.52.020.0670

Disability.

A mental disability or a physical disability as defined by Government Code Sections 12926(j) and (m).

9.52.020.0680

Discretionary permit.

A Development Review Permit, Major Modification, Variance, Minor Use Permit, or Conditional Use Permit, or any other appealable permit that requires findings to be made.

9.52.020.0690

District.

See Zoning District.

9.52.020.0700

Domestic violence shelter.

A residential facility that provides temporary accommodations to persons or families who have been the victims of domestic violence. Such a facility may also provide meals, counseling, and other services, as well as common areas for the residents of the facility.

9.52.020.0710

Driveway.

An accessway that provides vehicular access between a street and the parking or loading facilities located on an adjacent property.

9.52.020.0720

Dwelling.

A structure or portion thereof that is used principally for residential occupancy.

9.52.020.0730

Dwelling unit.

One or more rooms designed, occupied or intended for occupancy as separate living quarters, with full cooking, sleeping and bathroom facilities for the exclusive use of a single household. A dwelling unit shall exceed 375 square feet in size.

9.52.020.0740

Easement.

A portion of land created by grant or agreement for specific purpose; an easement is the right, privilege, or interest which one party has in the land of another.

9.52.020.0750

Effective date.

The date on which a permit or other approval becomes enforceable or otherwise takes effect, rather than the date it was signed or circulated.

9.52.020.0760

Emergency.

A sudden unexpected occurrence demanding immediate action to prevent or mitigate loss or damage to life, health, property or essential public services.

9.52.020.0770

Entrance.

An opening, such as a door, passage, or gate, that allows access to a place.

9.52.020.0780

Environmental review.

An evaluation process pursuant to CEQA to determine whether a proposed project may have a significant impact on the environment.

9.52.020.0790

Environmental Impact Report (EIR).

An Environmental Impact Report as required under the California Environmental Quality Act.

9.52.020.0800

Erect.

To build, construct, attach, hang, place, suspend, or affix to or upon any surface.

9.52.020.0810

Excavation.

The removal of soils or other materials below grade to install habitable space, parking, utilities, or landscaping.

9.52.020.0820

Facade.

The face of the exterior wall of a building exposed to public view or that wall viewed by persons not within the building. The portion of any exterior elevation of a building extending vertically from the grade to the top of a parapet wall or eave and horizontally across the entire width of the building elevation.

9.52.020.0830

Facade, street-facing.

Any building facade whose exterior wall faces or is within 45 degrees of parallel to an adjacent street, right-of-way, or public park, plaza, or open space.

9.52.020.0840

Feasible.

Capable of being accomplished in a successful manner within a reasonable period of time, taking into account economic, environmental, social and technological factors.

9.52.020.0850

Fee.

A payment to the City for the processing of a permit or license application by a City Agency or Department.

9.52.020.0860

Fence.

An artificially-constructed barrier of any material or combination of materials erected to enclose or screen an area of land. Fences may also be walls, hedges and screen planting.

9.52.020.0870

Floor area.

See Division 1, Section 9.04.080, Determining Floor Area, for rules for calculating floor area.

9.52.020.0880

Floor area ratio.

The ratio of the total floor area of all buildings on a parcel to the total area of the parcel. See Division 1, Section 9.04.090, Determining Floor Area Ratio, for rules for calculating floor area ratio.

9.52.020.0890

Footprint.

The horizontal area, as seen in plan view, of a building or structure, measured from the outside of exterior walls and supporting columns, and excluding eaves and subterranean and semi-subterranean levels.

9.52.020.0900

Frontage, street.

That portion of a parcel that borders a public street. "Street frontage" shall be measured along the common parcel line separating said parcel or parcel of land from the public street, highway, or parkway.

9.52.020.0910

Garage.

A building or portion thereof, containing accessible and usable enclosed space designed, constructed and maintained for the parking or storage of one or more motor vehicles.

9.52.020.0920

Semi-Subterranean garage.

A structure located partly underground used for parking and storage of vehicles.

9.52.020.0930

Subterranean garage.

A structure entirely underground, except for openings for ingress and egress.

9.52.020.0940

Garage sales.

The sale or offering for sale to the general public of over 5 items of personal property on a portion of a parcel in a residentially zoned district, whether inside or outside any building.

9.52.020.0950

General Plan.

The City of Santa Monica General Plan.

9.52.020.0960

Glare.

The effect produced by a light source within the visual field that is sufficiently brighter than the level to which the eyes are adapted, such as to cause annoyance, discomfort or loss of visual performance and ability.

9.52.020.0970

Government Code.

The Government Code of the State of California.

9.52.020.0980

Grade.

The location of the ground surface.

9.52.020.0990

Average natural grade.

See Division 1, Section 9.04.050(A)(1).

9.52.020.1000

Existing grade.

The elevation of the ground at any point on a parcel as shown on the required survey submitted in conjunction with an application for a building permit or grading permit. Existing grade also may be referred to as natural grade.

9.52.020.1010

Finished grade.

The finished surface of the ground, paving, lawn, or other improved surface between the building and the parcel line.

9.52.020.1020

Segmented average natural grade.

See Division 1, Section 9.04.050(A)(2).

9.52.020.1030

Theoretical grade.

See Division 1, Section 9.04.050(A)(3).

9.52.020.1040

Ground floor.

The lowest floor of a building other than a basement that is closest to finished grade.

9.52.020.1050

Ground floor street frontage.

The first level of a building, other than a basement, that borders a public street.

9.52.020.1060

Habitation.

Regular and exclusive use of a space or structure for shelter and other residential purposes in a manner that is private and separate from another residence on the same parcel.

9.52.020.1070

Hazardous materials.

Any material, including any substance, waste, or combination thereof, which because of its quantity, concentration, or physical, chemical, or infectious characteristics may cause, or significantly contribute to, a substantial present or potential hazard to human health, safety, property, or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, disposed of, or otherwise managed.

9.52.020.1080

Height.

The vertical distance from a point on the ground below a structure to a point directly above. See also Division 1, Section 9.04.050, Measuring Height.

9.52.020.1090

Historic resource.

Any existing property or structure that is designated as a City Landmark, Structure of Merit, or a Contributor to a Designated Historic District, or is listed on either the California Register of Historical Resources or the National Register of Historic Places.

9.52.020.1100

Historic Resources Inventory (HRI).

A database containing building descriptions and evaluations of properties that exhibit potential historic, architectural, or cultural significance in Santa Monica. Each property listed on the HRI has been evaluated by professionals using nationwide standards and criteria. The HRI is used to identify properties of potential historic significance, and properties on the HRI are eligible to apply the State Historical Building Code.

9.52.020.1110

Home occupation.

A commercial use conducted on residential property by the inhabitants of the subject residence, which is incidental and secondary to the residential use of the dwelling. See Section 9.31.160, Home Occupation.

9.52.020.1120

Household.

One or more persons living together in a single dwelling unit, with access to and use of all common living and eating areas and all common areas and facilities for the preparation and storage of food.

9.52.020.1125

Housing project.

A use consistent with the definition of "Housing Development Project" for purposes of the Housing Accountability Act, Government Code Section 65589.5, as may be amended, consisting of any of the following:

9.52.020.1130

Illegal use.

Any use of land or building that does not have the currently required permits and was originally constructed and/or established without permits or approvals required for the use at the time it was brought into existence.

9.52.020.1140

Intensity of use.

The extent to which a particular use or the use in combination with other uses affects the natural and built environment in which it is located, the demand for services, and persons who live, work, and visit the area. Measures of intensity include, but are not limited to, requirements for water, gas, electricity, or public services; number of automobile trips generated by a use; parking demand; number of employees on a site; hours of operation; the amount of noise, light or glare generated; the number of persons attracted to the site, or, in eating establishments, the number of seats.

9.52.020.1145

Interactive process.

A good faith dialogue to exchange information to identify, evaluate, and implement an accommodation or modification that allows person with a disability equal opportunity to use and enjoy a dwelling.

9.52.020.1150

Intersection, street.

The area common to 2 or more intersecting streets.

9.52.020.1155

Junior accessory dwelling unit.

A dwelling unit that is no more than 500 square feet in size and is contained entirely within an existing or proposed single-unit dwelling. See Division 3, Section 9.31.025, Accessory Dwelling Units and Junior Accessory Dwelling Units, for further details.

9.52.020.1160

Kitchen.

A room or space within a building with appliances used for cooking or preparing food that includes at a minimum, but is not limited to, a sink, refrigerator, and built-in stove top or range.

9.52.020.1170

Landscape.

The following terms are related to Division 3, Chapter 9.26, Landscaping.

9.52.020.1180

Automatic controller.

An automatic timing device used to remotely control valves that operate an irrigation system.

9.52.020.1190

Backflow prevention device.

A safety device used to prevent pollution or contamination of the water supply due to the reverse flow of water from the irrigation system.

9.52.020.1200

Groundcover.

A low growing woody or herbaceous plant with low, compact growth habits which normally crawls or spreads, and which forms a solid mat or dense cover over the ground within 2 years of installation. Mature heights of groundcover will usually range from 3 inches to 3 feet.

9.52.020.1210

Hedge.

A boundary or barrier of plant material formed by a row or series of shrubs, bushes, trees, or other similar vegetation that enclose, divide, or protect an area or that prevent a person from passing between any combination of individual shrubs, bushes, trees, or other similar vegetation.

9.52.020.1220

Irrigation system.

Any system, excluding water features, for distribution of water through a pressurized system within the landscape area, including, but not limited to, any system in which any portion is installed below grade or affixed to any structure.

9.52.020.1230

Landscaping.

The planting, configuration and maintenance of trees, ground cover, shrubbery and other plant material, decorative natural and structural features (walls, fences, hedges, trellises, fountains, sculptures), earth patterning and bedding materials, and other similar site improvements that serve an aesthetic or functional purpose. See Section 9.26.060.

9.52.020.1240

Moisture sensing device.

A device that measures the amount of water in the soil. The device may also suspend or initiate an irrigation event.

9.52.020.1250

Mulch.

Any organic material such as leaves, bark, straw, compost, or inorganic mineral materials such as rocks, gravel, and decomposed granite left loose and applied to the soil surface for the beneficial purposes of reducing evaporation, suppressing weeds, moderating soil temperature, and preventing soil erosion.

9.52.020.1260

Plant area.

The portion of a parcel that is dedicated to the installation of landscaping.

9.52.020.1270

Lighting.

The following terms are related to Section 9.21.080, Lighting.

9.52.020.1280

Foot-candle.

A quantitative unit of measure for luminance. One foot-candle is equal to the amount of light generated by one candle shining on 1 square foot surface located 1 foot away. Equal to one lumen uniformly distributed over an area of one square foot.

9.52.020.1290

Light fixture.

The assembly that holds a lamp and may include an assembly housing, a mounting bracket or pole socket, a lamp holder, a ballast, a reflector or mirrors, and a refractor or lens.

9.52.020.1300

Shielded fixture.

Outdoor light fixtures shielded or constructed so that light rays emitted by the lamp are projected below the horizontal plane passing through the lowest point on the fixture from which light is emitted.

9.52.020.1310

Lightwell.

The portion of buildable area that is reserved as open space for light and air, usually enclosed by building walls on the subject property or adjacent property and extends for one or more floors.

9.52.020.1320

Living quarters.

A structure or portion thereof that is used principally for human habitation.

9.52.020.1330

Loading space.

An off-street space or berth on the same parcel with a building for the temporary parking of a vehicle while loading or unloading of goods.

9.52.020.1340

Loft.

See Mezzanine.

9.52.020.1350

Lot.

See Parcel.

9.52.020.1360

Maintenance and repair.

The repair or replacement of nonbearing walls, fixtures, wiring, roof or plumbing that restores the character, scope, size or design of a structure to its previously existing, authorized, and undamaged condition.

9.52.020.1365

Major transit stop.

Major transit stop as defined in Public Resources Code Section 21064.3.

9.52.020.1370

Manufactured housing.

A structure as defined by Health and Safety Code Section 18007, or any successor thereto.

9.52.020.1380

Mezzanine.

An intermediate floor within a building interior without walls, partitions, closets, screens or other complete enclosing interior walls or partitions that is open to the floor below and has a floor area that is no greater than one-third of the total area of the overlooked room below. When the total floor area of a mezzanine exceeds one-third of the total area of the overlooked room below it constitutes an additional story and is no longer considered a mezzanine. See Story.

9.52.020.1390

Mixed-use development.

The development of a parcel or building with 2 or more different land uses such as, but not limited to, a combination of residential, office, manufacturing, retail, public or entertainment in a single or physically integrated group of structures.

9.52.020.1400

Mobile home park.

Any area or tract of land where 2 or more lots are rented or leased, or held out for rent or lease, to accommodate mobile homes used for human habitation in accordance with Health and Safety Code Section 18214, or any successor thereto.

9.52.020.1410

Natural disaster.

See Act of Nature.

9.52.020.1420

Nonconforming building.

See Nonconforming Structure.

9.52.020.1430

Nonconforming structure.

A building or structure that was erected in compliance with the standards and requirements in effect when it was constructed but does not comply with all of the applicable provisions of this Article including, but not limited to, density, floor area, height, setback, usable open space, and other development standards. See Chapter 9.27, Nonconforming Uses and Structures.

9.52.020.1440

Nonconforming use.

An occupancy or activity that was established in compliance with the standards and requirements in effect at the time it commenced and has not been abandoned within the same structure or on the same parcel since that date but does not comply with all of the applicable provisions of this Article, including, but not limited to, permitted use, location, intensity, operational characteristics, performance standards or hours of operation. See Chapter 9.27, Nonconforming Uses and Structures.

9.52.020.1450

Open space.

9.52.020.1460

Open space, common.

Any outdoor area, not dedicated for public use, which is designed and intended for the common use and enjoyment of the residents and guests of more than one dwelling unit.

9.52.020.1470

Open space, private.

Open areas for outdoor living and recreation that are adjacent and directly accessible to a single dwelling unit, reserved for the exclusive use of residents of the dwelling unit and their guests.

9.52.020.1480

Open space, usable.

Outdoor areas that provide for outdoor living and/or recreation for the use of residents.

9.52.020.1490

Outdoor sales, temporary and seasonal.

The sale or offering for sale to the general public of merchandise outside of a permanent structure on property owned or leased by the person, firm, or corporation. These sales are of a limited duration and conducted on an occasional basis, and are secondary or incidental to the principal permitted use or structure existing on the property.

9.52.020.1500

Outdoor storage.

The keeping, in an unroofed area, of any goods, junk, material, merchandise or vehicles in the same place for more than 72 hours except for the keeping of building materials reasonably required for construction work on the premises pursuant to a valid and current Building Permit issued by the City.

9.52.020.1510

Overlay district.

A zoning designation specifically delineated on the Districting Map establishing land use requirements that govern in addition to the standards set forth in the underlying base district.

9.52.020.1520

Parapet.

A low wall or railing extending above the roof and along its perimeter.

9.52.020.1530

Parcel.

A single unit of land separated from other units of land by legal description, the boundaries of which are shown on a parcel map or final map, described in a deed, or for which a certificate of compliance has been issued pursuant to the Subdivision Map Act. [Parcel shall also include 2 or more parcels where the owner(s) have recorded a covenant with the Office of the County Recorder that states the intention of the owner(s) to combine and use the parcels as a single unit of land in compliance with City regulations.]

9.52.020.1540

Parcel, corner.

A parcel of land abutting 2 or more streets at their intersection, or upon 2 parts of the same street forming an interior angle of less than 135 degrees.

9.52.020.1550

Parcel, flag.

A parcel not fronting on or abutting a public road and where access is from a public road by a narrow right-of-way or driveway.

9.52.020.1560

Parcel, key.

The first interior parcel to the rear of a reversed corner parcel and not separated therefrom by an alley.

9.52.020.1570

Parcel, reversed corner.

A corner parcel, the side street line of which is substantially a continuation of the front parcel line of the first parcel to its rear.

9.52.020.1580

Parcel, through.

A parcel which fronts on 2 parallel streets or which fronts upon 2 streets which do not intersect at the boundaries of the parcel.

9.52.020.1590

Parcel area.

The total area within the property lines of a parcel, excluding any street or alley right-of-way.

9.52.020.1600

Parcel depth.

The longest perpendicular length between a front and rear parcel line or an imaginary extension of a rear parcel line as necessary for non-rectilinear parcels.

9.52.020.1610

Parcel frontage.

The width of the front parcel line measured at the street right-of-way.

9.52.020.1620

Parcel line.

A line of record bounding a parcel that divides one parcel from another parcel or from a public or private street or any other public space.

9.52.020.1630

Parcel line, front.

The parcel line separating a parcel from a street right-of-way. In the case of a corner parcel, the line separating the narrowest street frontage of the parcel from the street shall be considered the front. For corner parcels with equal street frontage dimensions, the front of the parcel is the street frontage that is consistent with the prevailing street frontage orientations along the block where the corner parcel is located. For parcels between a walk street and an alley, the front of the parcel is considered along the walk street. For through parcels between a walk street and a street with vehicular access, the front of the parcel is considered along the street with vehicular access.

9.52.020.1640

Parcel line, rear.

The parcel line opposite and most distant from the front parcel line; or in the case of triangular or otherwise irregularly shaped parcel, a line 10 feet in length entirely within the parcel, parallel to, and at a maximum distance from the front parcel line.

9.52.020.1650

Parcel line, side.

Any parcel line other than a front or rear parcel line.

9.52.020.1660

Parcel width.

For rectilinear parcels, the distance between the side parcel lines determined by the length of a straight line drawn at right angles to the side parcel lines and parallel with both the front and rear parcel lines. For non-rectilinear parcels, a series of measurements based on the location of the side parcel lines shall be required to determine varying parcel widths at any given locations on the parcel.

9.52.020.1670

Parking facility.

An area of a parcel, structure, or any other area, including driveways, which is designed for and the primary purpose of which is to provide for the temporary storage of operable motor vehicles.

9.52.020.1680

Accessory parking.

An area of a parcel, structure, or any other area, which is designed, reserved for, and the primary purpose of which is to provide off-street parking to serve a building or use that is the primary or main use of the parcel.

9.52.020.1690

Long-term parking.

An area designed for employee or parking when a vehicle is not normally moved during the period of an employee's work shift, as opposed to customer or visitor parking.

9.52.020.1700

Parking, bicycle.

A covered or uncovered area equipped with a rack or other device designed and useable for the secure, temporary storage of bicycles.

9.52.020.1710

Long-term bicycle parking.

Bicycle parking that is designed to serve employees, students, residents, commuters, and others who generally stay at a site for 3 hours or longer.

9.52.020.1720

Short-term bicycle parking.

Bicycle parking that is designed to serve shoppers, customers, messengers, guests, and other visitors to a site who generally stay for a period of less than 4 hours.

9.52.020.1730

Parking space, off-street.

An area, covered or uncovered, designed and usable for the temporary storage of a vehicle, which is paved and accessible by an automobile without permanent obstruction.

9.52.020.1740

Accessible parking

Parking spaces that are designed and reserved for a vehicle(s) that is dedicated to persons with disabilities.

9.52.020.1745

Automated parking system.

Off-street parking facility where vehicular storage and retrieval within such facility is accomplished entirely through a mechanical conveyance system. A parking facility with parking lift systems that require an attendant to maneuver a vehicle that is to be parked shall not be considered an automated parking facility.

9.52.020.1750

Car share parking.

Parking spaces that are dedicated for a vehicle(s) provided by a certified car-share organization for the purpose of providing a car-share-service to occupants of a building or the general public.

9.52.020.1760

Independently-accessible parking.

Parking spaces that allow a vehicle to be accessed without having to move another vehicle under its own power. They shall include spaces accessed by automated garages, or car elevators, lifts or other space-efficient parking provided that no more than one car needs to be moved under its own power to access any one space.

9.52.020.1770

Shared parking.

The management of parking spaces so that they can be used by multiple users. This allows for the more efficient use of parking facilities. Parking may be shared between multiple users on the same parcel, between multiple users on different parcels, or in dedicated shared parking facilities such as public parking lots.

9.52.020.1780

Stacked parking.

Space-efficient parking in which vehicles are stored and accessed by mechanical stackers or lifts or other space-efficient means.

9.52.020.1790

Tandem parking.

Parking spaces that are placed one behind another and where a vehicle needs to be moved to access the desired parking space.

9.52.020.1800

Unbundled parking.

The practice of selling or leasing parking spaces separate from the purchase or lease of the commercial or residential use.

9.52.020.1810

Valet parking.

Stacked or valet parking is allowed if an attendant is present or an automated system is in place to move vehicles. The automated system may or may not be managed by an attendant.

9.52.020.1820

Parking structure.

A structure used for parking and storage of vehicles.

9.52.020.1830

Semi-subterranean.

A parking structure located partially underground.

9.52.020.1840

Subterranean.

A parking structure located entirely underground, except for openings for ingress and egress.

9.52.020.1850

Patio.

An outdoor area, often paved, adjoining a building that is used for outdoor open space. It is not fully enclosed by walls and typically is located at grade or supported by minimal footings.

9.52.020.1860

Paving.

A type of material used over areas of a parcel such as driveways, parking spaces and areas, pathways, patios, and front setbacks used for access by vehicles and pedestrians.

9.52.020.1870

Permit.

Any Zoning Conformance, Conditional Use Permit, Minor Use Permit, Temporary Use Permit, Development Review Permit, Administrative Approval, Home Occupation, Building Permit, license, certificate, approval, or other entitlement for development and/or use of property as required by any public agency.

9.52.020.1880

Permitted use.

Any use or structure that is allowed in a zoning district without a requirement for approval of a Use Permit, but subject to any restrictions applicable to that zoning district.

9.52.020.1890

Person.

Any natural person or other entity recognized by California law as such, including a firm, association, organization, partnership, business trust, company, or corporation.

9.52.020.1900

Person with a disability.

A person who has a physical or mental impairment that limits one or more major life activities; anyone who is regarded as having that type of impairment; or anyone who has a record of that type of impairment.

9.52.020.1910

Planning commission.

The Planning Commission of the City of Santa Monica.

9.52.020.1920

Plaza.

An outdoor space set aside for gathering or congregating and commercial activities, typically surrounded by building frontages.

9.52.020.1930

Podium.

A building beneath a taller multi-story building of smaller area.

9.52.020.1940

Porte cochere.

A roofed structure through which a vehicle can pass, extending from the entrance of a building over an adjacent driveway, the purpose of which is to shelter persons entering and exiting a building.

9.52.020.1950

Pre-existing.

In existence prior to the effective date of this Article.

9.52.020.1960

Primary use.

See Use, Primary.

9.52.020.1970

Private tennis court.

A tennis court which is used for noncommercial purposes by the owner(s) of the property or guests.

9.52.020.1980

Project.

Any proposal for a new or changed use or for new construction, alteration, or enlargement of any structure, that is subject to the provisions of the ordinance/codified in this Section. This term includes, but is not limited to, any action that qualifies as a "project" as defined by the California Environmental Quality Act.

9.52.020.1990

Public land.

Any government-owned land, including, but not limited to, public parks, beaches, playgrounds, trails, paths, schools, public buildings, and other recreational areas or public open spaces.

9.52.020.2000

Public Resources Code.

The Public Resources Code of the State of California.

9.52.020.2010

Qualified applicant.

The property owner, the owner's agent, or any person or other legal entity that has a legal or equitable interest in land that is the subject of a development proposal or is the holder of an option or contract to purchase such land or otherwise has an enforceable proprietary interest in such land.

9.52.020.2020

Ramp.

An access driveway leading from one parking level to another, or an access driveway from an entrance leading to parking at a different level.

9.52.020.2030

Reasonable accommodation.

A type of discretionary permit that, if approved, would provide a person with a disability equal access to housing under the California Fair Employment and Housing Act, the Unruh Civil Rights Act, the Federal Fair Housing Act, and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in the application of building and zoning laws and other land use policies, procedures, laws, rules, and regulations.

9.52.020.2035

Reasonable modification.

An alteration or modification to a building or structure, at the applicant's expense, that, if approved, would provide a person with a disability equal access to housing under the California Fair Employment and Housing Act, the Unruh Civil Rights Act, the Federal Fair Housing Act, and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).

9.52.020.2040

Residential use.

One or more rooms designed, occupied or intended for occupancy as primary living quarters in a building or portion thereof.

9.52.020.2050

Review authority.

Body responsible for making decisions on zoning and related applications.

9.52.020.2060

Right-of-way.

A strip of land acquired by reservation, dedication, forced dedication, prescription or condemnation and intended to be occupied or occupied by a road, railroad, electric transmission lines, oil or gas pipeline, water line, sanitary storm sewer or other similar use.

9.52.020.2070

Roof.

That portion of a building or structure above walls or columns that shelters the floor area or the structure below.

9.52.020.2080

Barrel roof.

An arched roof with a semi-circular, half-cylindrical shape.

9.52.020.2090

Gambrel roof.

A roof with 2 slopes on each of its 2 sides of which the lower is steeper than the upper slope.

9.52.020.2100

Hip roof.

A 4-sided roof with sloping ends and sides.

9.52.020.2110

Mansard roof.

A roof with 2 sloping planes of different pitch on each of the 4 sides.

9.52.020.2120

Pitched roof.

A roof with 2 sides that have at least 1 foot of vertical rise for every 3 feet of horizontal run.

9.52.020.2130

Shed roof.

A roof with a single slope.

9.52.020.2140

Roof deck.

A platform located on the flat portion of a roof or setback of a building that is used for outdoor space. It is distinct from a patio.

9.52.020.2150

Screening.

Buffering of a building or activity from neighboring areas or from the street with a wall, fence, hedge, informal planting, or berm.

9.52.020.2160

Security grate or grilles.

A metal grate that rolls up over, or slides across, a window or door to provide protection against unwanted entry. It also can be a fixed metal fixture over window openings.

9.52.020.2170

Senior citizen.

An individual 62 years of age or older unless otherwise expressly stated in this Article.

9.52.020.2180

Setback.

The distance between the parcel line and a building, not including permitted projections, that must be kept clear or open, See also Section 9.04.040, Measuring Distances, Section 9.04.130, Determining Setbacks, and Section 9.21.110, Projections from Buildings into Minimum Setbacks and Daylight Plane.

9.52.020.2190

Setback, front.

A space extending the full width of the parcel between any building and the front parcel line, and measured perpendicularly to the building at the closest point to the front parcel line.

9.52.020.2200

Setback, rear.

A space extending the full width of the parcel between the principal building and the rear parcel line measured perpendicularly from the rear parcel line to the closest point of the principal building. When a rear parcel line abuts an alley or walkstreet, the rear setback shall be measured from the center line of the alley or walkstreet.

9.52.020.2210

Setback, side.

A space extending the full depth of the parcel between the principal building and the side parcel line measured perpendicularly from the side parcel line to the closest point of the principal building. For non-rectilinear parcels, a space extending the full depth of the parcel between the principal building and the side parcel line(s) measured using a series of measurements parallel to the front parcel line to determine varying parcel widths at any given locations on the parcel.

9.52.020.2220

Setback, street side.

A space extending the full depth of the parcel between the principal building and the side parcel line adjacent to a public street right-of-way measured perpendicularly from the side parcel line to the closest point of the principal building. For non-rectilinear parcels, a space extending the full depth of the parcel between the principal building and the side parcel line(s) adjacent to a public street right-of-way measured using a series of measurements parallel to the front parcel line to determine varying parcel widths at any given locations on the parcel.

9.52.020.2230

Sexually-oriented business.

See Chapter 9.59, Sexually-Oriented Businesses, for details.

9.52.020.2240

Shrub.

A plant with a compact growth habit and branches coming from the base of the plant. Mature heights of shrubs may vary from 1 foot to 15 feet depending on their species and landscape application.

9.52.020.2250

Sidewalk.

A paved, surfaced, or leveled area, paralleling and usually separated from the street, used as a pedestrian walkway.

9.52.020.2260

Sidewalk cafe.

Any outdoor dining area located in or adjacent to any public sidewalk or right-of-way which is associated with a restaurant or other eating and drinking establishment on a contiguous adjacent parcel.

9.52.020.2270

Sign-related definitions.

All terms relating to signage are defined in Chapter 9.61, Signs.

9.52.020.2280

Site.

A parcel, or group of contiguous parcels, that is proposed for development in accordance with the provisions of this Article and is in a single ownership or under unified control.

9.52.020.2290

Skylight.

That portion of a roof which is glazed to admit light, and the mechanical fastening required to hold the glazing, including a curb not exceeding 10 inches in height, to provide a weatherproofing barrier.

9.52.020.2300

Solar energy system.

Any solar collector or other solar energy device, certified pursuant to State law, along with its ancillary equipment, whose primary purpose is to provide for the collection, storage, and distribution of solar energy for space heating, space cooling, electric generation, or water heating, or any structural design feature of a building, whose primary purpose is to provide for the collection, storage, and distribution of solar energy for electricity generation, space heating or cooling, or for water heating.

9.52.020.2310

State Historical Building Code.

California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 8, or any successor thereto, which constitutes a special Stateadopted building code for historic buildings allowing flexible approaches to their construction problems. This Code was developed to accommodate changes necessary for the continued use of historic buildings, while preserving their historic character and significant architectural features. Applicants may elect to use the State Historic Building Code as an alternative to standard construction codes such as the City's Building Code or Electrical Code.

9.52.020.2320

Story.

That portion of a building included between the upper surface of any floor and the upper surface of the floor next above, except that the topmost story shall be that portion of a building included between the upper surface of the topmost floor and the upper surface of the roof above. A mezzanine with a floor area that exceeds one-third of the floor area of the overlooking room of the floor below constitutes a story. An attic and basement shall not be considered stories.

9.52.020.2330

Street.

A public or private thoroughfare which affords the access to a block and to abutting property. "Street" includes avenue, place, way, drive, boulevard, highway, road, and any other thoroughfare, except an alley as defined herein.

9.52.020.2340

Street tree.

Trees that are located in the public right-of-way.

9.52.020.2350

Street wall.

A wall or portion of a wall of a building facing a street.

9.52.020.2360

Structural alterations.

Any physical change to or the removal of the supporting members of a structure or building, such as bearing walls, columns, beams, or girders including the creation, enlargement, or removal of doors or windows and changes to a roofline or roof shape.

9.52.020.2370

Structure.

Anything constructed or erected, which requires a fixed location on the ground, or is attached to a building or other structure having a fixed location on the ground.

9.52.020.2380

Structure, accessory.

A detached subordinate structure, used only as incidental to the main structure on the same parcel.

9.52.020.2390

Structure, main.

A structure housing the principal use of a site or functioning as the principal use.

9.52.020.2400

Structure, subterranean.

A structure located entirely underground, except for openings for ingress and egress.

9.52.020.2410

Structure, temporary.

A structure without any foundation or footings and which is intended to be removed when the designated time period, activity, or use for which the temporary structure was erected has ceased.

9.52.020.2420

Subdivision.

See Chapter 9.54, Land Divisions, for all subdivision definitions.

9.52.020.2430

Swimming pool.

A pool, pond, or open tank capable of containing a large and deep enough body of water for people to use to swim.

9.52.020.2440

Temporary structure.

See Structure, Temporary.

9.52.020.2445

Third street promenade area.

The area including the Third Street Promenade and parcels located in that portion of the BC (2nd & 4th Streets) District bounded by 2nd Street to the west, Broadway to the south, 4th Street to the east, and Wilshire Boulevard to the north.

9.52.020.2448

Tower.

A building or structure with a height exceeding 90 feet. A tower may be constructed above a podium or at grade.

9.52.020.2450

Trailer.

A vehicle without motor power, designed to be drawn by a motor vehicle and to be used for human habitation or for carrying persons or property, including a mobile home, trailer coach or house trailer.

9.52.020.2460

Trash screen/enclosure.

A permanent, immobile structure, designed for the storage of a mobile resource recovery, recycling, or compost bin or container.

9.52.020.2470

Unit.

See Dwelling Unit.

9.52.020.2480

Use.

The purpose for which land or the premises of a building, structure, or facility thereon is designed, arranged, or intended, or for which it is or may be occupied or maintained.

9.52.020.2490

Use, accessory.

A use that is customarily associated with, and is incidental and subordinate to, the primary use and located on the same parcel as the primary use.

9.52.020.2500

Use, primary.

A primary, principal or dominant use established, or proposed to be established, on a parcel. In a mixed-use building, there may be more than one primary use.

9.52.020.2510

Use classification.

A system of classifying uses into a limited number of use types on the basis of common functional, product, or compatibility characteristics. All use types are grouped into the following categories: residential; public and semi-public; commercial; industrial; and transportation, communication, and utilities. See Chapter 9.51, Use Classifications.

9.52.020.2520

Use permit.

A discretionary permit, such as a Minor Use Permit or Conditional Use Permit, which may be granted by the appropriate City authority to provide for the accommodation of land uses with special site or design requirements, operating characteristics, or potential adverse effects on surroundings, which are not permitted as of right but which may be approved upon completion of a review process and, where necessary, the imposition of special conditions of approval by the permit granting authority. See Chapter 9.41, Minor Use Permits and Conditional Use Permits.

9.52.020.2530

Use type.

A category which classifies similar uses based on common functional, product, or compatibility characteristics.

9.52.020.2540

Utilities.

Equipment and associated features related to the mechanical functions of a building(s) and services such as water, electrical, telecommunications, and waste.

9.52.020.2550

Vibration.

A periodic motion of the particles of an elastic body or medium in alternately opposite directions from the position of equilibrium.

9.52.020.2560

View corridor.

An area where there is a view of all or a portion of a panoramic subject, scene, or area.

9.52.020.2570

Wall.

Any exterior surface of building or any part thereof, including windows.

9.52.020.2580

Window.

An opening in a wall of a building that may be filled with glass or other material in a frame. They typically allow light and air into the interior of a building but also serve as vehicles for viewing merchandise in commercial properties.

9.52.020.2590

Primary room window.

A glazed surface whose area is larger than any other glazed surface in a living room, dining room, family room, library, or similar such activity room in a dwelling unit.

9.52.020.2600

Secondary room window.

A glazed surface serving a bedroom, bathroom, kitchen, stairway, corridor, or storage area in a dwelling unit, or a non-primary window in a primary space.

9.52.020.2610

Yard.

See Setback.

9.52.020.2620

Zoning Administrator.

The Director of the Community Development Department, or designee.

9.52.020.2630

Zoning district.

A specifically delineated area or district in the City within which regulations and requirements uniformly govern the use, placement, spacing, and size of land and buildings.

(Added by Ord. No. 2486CCS §§ 1, 2, adopted June 23, 2015; amended by Ord. No. 2576CCS § 15, adopted June 12, 2018; Ord. No. 2649CCS § 36, adopted September 8, 2020; Ord. No. 2726CCS § 17, adopted October 25, 2022; Ord. No. 2742CCS § 2, adopted April 11, 2023; Ord. No. 2792CCS, 10/8/2024; Ord. No. 2814CCS, 5/27/2025)