San Diego Municipal Code Div. 1 General Review Procedures for Previously Conforming Premises and Uses

(Added 12-9-1997 by O-18451 N.S.; effective 1-1-2000.)

The purpose of these procedures is to establish a review process for the development, maintenance, and operation of previously conforming premises and uses. Because of changes in the City’s zones and zoning regulations over the years, many structures that were built, or uses that were established, in compliance with the applicable regulations at the time of their development no longer comply with existing regulations. In order to clarify this status, and to avoid confusion with illegal premises and uses, the term “previously conforming” is used to describe these situations and has the same meaning as “nonconforming”. The intent of these procedures is to allow certain, potentially compatible, previously conforming premises and uses, subject to special regulations and conditions, unless the previously conforming premises or uses adversely impact the public health, safety, or welfare. (Added 12-9-1997 by O-18451 N.S.; effective 1-1-2000.)

The following general rules apply to all previously conforming premises and uses:

(a) Previously conforming premises or uses must have been established in
compliance with all permit requirements and must have been lawful until a
change in the applicable zoning regulations made the premises or uses
previously conforming.
(b) The property owner or person asserting previously conforming rights for a
premises or use has the burden to provide the City Manager with sufficient
documentation to establish the existence of the previously conforming
premises or use.
(c) Previously conforming premises and uses that comply with the provisions of
this Division may continue to exist and operate unless termination in
accordance with an amortization period is otherwise required in the San Diego
Municipal Code or by ordinance.
(d) Sale or transfer of the property or change of ownership does not terminate
rights to the previously conforming premises or use, unless the owner agrees
to such a condition as part of a permit or administrative or judicial order.

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(e) Development involving previously conforming premises and uses is subject to all other regulations and any development permits that may otherwise be required by the Land Development Code. The decision process shown in Table 127-01A and described in Sections 127.0103 through 127.0109 pertains only to the review required for the aspects of a proposed development that may have previously conforming status. (f) None of the previously conforming regulations in this Division grant any deviation from the height regulations of Section 132.0505 (Coastal Height Limit Overlay Zone), Section 132.1305 (Clairemont Mesa Height Limit Overlay Zone), or any other height limit overlay zone. Proposed development in overlay zones is also subject to the regulations of those overlay zones. (g) If a previously conforming premises or use is brought into conformance by a change in use or new development, the previously conforming status is terminated and the premises or use cannot revert to a previously conforming status. A temporary discontinuance of operations in accordance with Section 127.0108(d) does not bring the previously conforming use into conformance or terminate the previously conforming status. See Section 127.0108 for additional regulations regarding discontinuance of previously conforming uses. (h) Regulations for premises that have previously conforming parking are found in Section 142.0510(d). (i) Regulations for premises that have previously conforming landscaping are set forth in Section 142.0410. (j) Regulations for premises in the Airport Land Use Compatibility Overlay Zone that were legally established in an airport influence area prior to adoption of an Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan, or amendment thereto, are located in Section 132.1535. (k) The regulations applicable to development involving previously conforming uses shall not apply to multiple dwelling unit development in a single dwelling unit zone that is previously conforming as to density. (Added 12-9-1997 by O-18451 N.S.; effective 1-1-2000.) (Amended 10-25-2011 by O-20047 N.S.; effective 1-1-2012.) (Amended 6-18-2013 by O-20261 N.S.; effective 7-19-2013.) (Amended 7-2-2013 by O-20268 N.S.; effective 8-2-2013.) (Amended 5-5-2015 by O-20482 N.S.; effective 6-4-2015.)

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Conforming Uses

The decision process for approval of proposed development or activity varies based on the previously conforming aspects of the development, as shown in Table 127-01A. If the proposed development includes more than one previously conforming aspect, all corresponding regulations, as described in Sections 127.0104 through 127.0109, apply.

Table 127-01A

Decision Process for Previously Conforming Premises and Uses1

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Footnote to Table 127-01A

1 Development that does not meet the criteria for a Process One or Process Two approval shall comply with all current regulations and the previously conforming aspect of the premises shall terminate.

(Amended 6-12-2001 by O-18948 N.S.; effective 12-12-2001.) (Amended 6-15-2007 by O-19624 N.S.; effective 7-15-2007.) (Retitled to “Decision Process for Previously Conforming Premises and Previously Conforming Uses” and amended 5-5-2015 by O-20482 N.S.; effective 6-4-2015.)

Structures

(a) Maintenance, repair, alteration, or replacement of a structure with a
previously conforming structural envelope is permitted in accordance with
Process One, unless the proposed development otherwise requires a Coastal
Development Permit pursuant to Section 126.0704(b).

(b) Maintenance, repair, alteration, or replacement of a structure with a
previously conforming structural envelope for proposed development that
requires a Coastal Development Permit pursuant to Section 126.0704(b)
requires a Neighborhood Development Permit decided in accordance with
Process Two.

(c) Maintenance, repair, alteration, or replacement of a dwelling unit or multiple
dwelling unit structure, that makes the premises previously conforming for
density, is permitted in accordance with Process One, unless the proposed
development otherwise requires a Coastal Development Permit.

(d) Maintenance, repair, alteration, or replacement of a non-residential structure
containing a previously conforming use is permitted in accordance with
Process One if the proposed development would retain 50 percent or more of
the exterior walls of the previously conforming structure. If the proposed
development would retain less than 50 percent of the exterior walls of the
previously conforming structure, the proposed development requires a
Neighborhood Development Permit decided in accordance with Process Two.
The calculation of exterior walls shall be measured in accordance with
Section 127.0111.

(e) In the Coastal Overlay Zone, the previously conforming status for a structure
located on a premises that contains or abuts a coastal beach or a coastal bluff
edge shall terminate upon:

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(1) destruction, demolition, or removal of 50 percent or more of the structure’s exterior walls, on a cumulative basis, which is any destruction, demolition, or removal that has occurred on or after October 13, 2016, which shall be measured in accordance with Section 127.0111, and for which the applicant shall provide sufficient evidence of the nature and extent of the cumulative changes at the time of application for any construction permit to rebut a presumption that the development is not entitled to previously conforming status, or

(2) destruction, demolition, or removal of 50 percent or more of the
capacity of the lateral or vertical load resisting system of the
previously conforming structure, as determined by the Building
Official.

Upon termination, the development standards applicable to new structures
shall then apply to the entire structure.
(Added 12-9-1997 by O-18451 N.S.; effective 1-1-2000.)
(Amended 11-28-2005 by O-19444 N.S.; effective 2-9-2006.)
(Retitled to “Maintenance, Repair, Alteration, or Replacement of Previously
Conforming Structures” and amended 5-5-2015 by O-20482 N.S.; effective
6-4-2015.)
(Amended 7-19-2016 by O-20672 N.S.; effective 10-6-2016.)

(a) The reconstruction provisions of Section 127.0105 apply only to the reconstruction of a previously conforming structure destroyed, in whole or in part, as a result of fire, natural disaster, or act of the public enemy, that met one or more of the following conditions prior to the event that caused the destruction:

(1) The structure had a previously conforming structural envelope;

(2) The structure was a dwelling unit, or a structure that included a
dwelling unit or dwelling units, that made the premises previously
conforming for density; or

(3) The structure contained a previously conforming use.

(b) Reconstruction of any previously conforming structure described in Section
127.0105(a) is permitted in accordance with Process One as follows:

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(1) Reconstruction of a non-residential structure containing a previously
conforming use and resumption of the use where less than 50 percent
of the structure’s exterior walls were destroyed; or

(2) Reconstruction of a structure with a previously conforming structural
envelope or a structure that makes the premises previously conforming
for density where:

(A) The new structure would neither exceed the gross floor area
nor the structure height of the destroyed structure by more
than 10 percent; and

(B) The new structure would be located in substantially the same
location as the destroyed structure or in a location that would
reduce the non-conformity regarding structural envelope or
density.

However, reconstruction of previously conforming density shall not exceed
the number of dwelling units that existed prior to the event that caused the
destruction.

(c) Reconstruction of any previously conforming structure described in Section
127.0105(a) requires a Neighborhood Development Permit decided in
accordance with Process Two if the proposed development does not meet the
criteria for Process One approval in Section 127.0105(b).

(d) In the Coastal Overlay Zone, the previously conforming status for a structure located on a premises that contains or abuts a coastal beach or a coastal bluff edge shall terminate upon:

(1) destruction, demolition, or removal of 50 percent or more of the
structure’s exterior walls, on a cumulative basis, which is any
destruction, demolition, or removal that has occurred on or after
October 13, 2016, which shall be measured in accordance with Section
127.0111, and for which the applicant shall provide sufficient
evidence of the nature and extent of the cumulative changes at the time
of application for any construction permit to rebut a presumption that
the development is not entitled to previously conforming status, or

(2) destruction, demolition, or removal of 50 percent or more of the
capacity of the lateral or vertical load resisting system of the
previously conforming structure, as determined by the Building
Official.

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Upon termination, the development standards applicable to new structures
shall then apply to the entire structure.

(e) Any reconstruction is subject to Coastal Development Permit regulations and
other regulations applicable to conforming development. Section 127.0105
does not provide an exemption from any requirement to obtain applicable
construction permits or development permits.
(Added 12-9-1997 by O-18451 N.S.; effective 1-1-2000.)
(Retitled to “Reconstruction Following Fire, Natural Disaster, or Act of the Public
Enemy” and amended 5-5-2015 by O-20482 N.S.; effective 6-4-2015.)
(Amended 7-19-2016 by O-20672 N.S.; effective 10-6-2016.)

Structures on a Premises with Previously Conforming Density

(a) Proposed expansion or enlargement of a structure with a previously
conforming structural envelope or of a structure on a premises with
previously conforming density is permitted in accordance with Process One as
follows, except that such development on a premises that contains or abuts a
coastal beach or a coastal bluff edge, shall be subject to Section 127.0106(c):

(1) Where all new construction conforms with current development
regulations for setbacks, floor area ratio, and structure height and
does not increase the non-conformity regarding structural envelope or
density;

(2) Where the proposed expansion or enlargement is necessary to
incorporate required public exits or fire walls to meet public safety
requirements of the California Building Code or California Fire Code
for a conforming use in a previously conforming multiple dwelling unit
or non-residential structure as long as the need is not one created by
the proposed expansion or enlargement.

(b) Proposed expansion or enlargement of a previously conforming structural
envelope within a setback, or of a structure on a premises with previously
conforming density that does not meet the criteria for expansion or
enlargement in accordance with Section 127.0106(a), requires a
Neighborhood Development Permit decided in accordance with Process Two,
which shall only be granted if the proposed expansion or enlargement meets
all of the following criteria:

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(1) Conforms to the setback observed by the existing structure;

(2) Complies with the floor area ratio and maximum structure height of
the underlying base zone;

(3) Does not encroach into a front yard or extend outside of the
developable area of the underlying base zone to within 10 feet of the
front yard setback line, unless the proposed expansion or enlargement
would reduce the non-conformity of existing development;

(4) Does not encroach more than 15 feet into any required side or rear
yard;

(5) Does not result in a total structure length within the required yard that is greater than 50 percent of the length of the adjacent property line;

(6) Does not create any new habitable space within 3 feet of the property
line;

(7) Is limited to additions at the first story level (as measured in
accordance with Section 113.0261) and does not exceed the height of
the existing structure within the setback;

(8) Does not result in more dwelling units than the underlying base zone
allows; and

(9) Does not propose development on a premises that contains or abuts a
coastal beach or coastal bluff edge.

(c) For structures located on a premises that contains or abuts a coastal beach or
a coastal bluff edge, new additions or improvements to existing structures
may be permitted subject to a Coastal Development Permit, in accordance
with Section 126.0707, provided that all such new additions or improvements
themselves do not increase the degree of non-conformity and comply with all
of the following:

(1) The proposed coastal development is in conformity with the certified
Local Coastal Program land use plan;

(2) The proposed coastal development does not alter more than 50 percent
of the exterior walls of the structure as measured in accordance with
Section 127.0111;

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(3) The proposed expansion does not exceed 500 square feet, except
additional floor area may be permitted in exchange for the removal or
relocation of an equivalent amount of existing floor area (from the
primary structure or an accessory structure) from within a required
setback from the coastal bluff edge or side yard setback to a location
at least 40 feet from the coastal bluff edge;

(4) The proposed expansion does not include development of a basement
with building area 5 feet or more below grade or the use of caisson
foundations;

(5) The proposed expansion does not result in a cumulative increase greater than 50 percent of the gross floor area of the structure, where the total expansion area is measured over time and includes the sum of all additions to the structure approved on or after October 13, 2016. The applicant shall provide evidence of the nature and extent of the cumulative changes at the time of application for any construction permit.

(6) The proposed coastal development does not rely on existing shoreline
protection; and

(7) The applicant agrees to execute and record a waiver of future
shoreline protection, and the execution and recordation shall occur
prior to the issuance of the first building permit.

(d) In the Coastal Overlay Zone, the previously conforming status for a structure
located on a premises that contains or abuts a coastal beach or a coastal bluff
edge shall terminate upon:

(1) destruction, demolition, or removal of 50 percent or more of the
structure’s exterior walls, on a cumulative basis, which is any
destruction, demolition, or removal that has occurred on or after
October 13, 2016, which shall be measured in accordance with Section
127.0111, and for which the applicant shall provide sufficient
evidence of the nature and extent of the cumulative changes at the time
of application for any construction permit to rebut a presumption that
the development is not entitled to previously conforming status, or

(2) upon destruction, demolition, or removal of 50 percent or more of the
capacity of the lateral or vertical load resisting system of the
previously conforming structure, as determined by the Building
Official.

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Upon termination, the development standards applicable to new structures shall then apply to the entire structure.

(e) Proposed expansion or enlargement or a change in use of a previously conforming large retail establishment is subject to a Process One Construction Permit and the applicable supplemental regulations in Section 143.0355(e) except as described below. Proposed expansion or enlargement or a change in use of a large retail establishment that would result in a structure that is 100,000 or greater square feet of gross floor area and an increase in average daily trips is subject to a Site Development Permit in accordance with Section 126.0502. (Amended 1-9-2001 by O-18910 N.S.; effective 8-8-2001.) (Amended 11-28-2005 by O-19444 N.S.; effective 2-9-2006.) (Amended 6-15-2007 by O-19624 N.S.; effective 7-15-2007.) (Retitled to “Expansion or Enlargement of Previously Conforming Structures or of Structures on a Premises with Previously Conforming Density” and amended 5-5-2015 by O-20482 N.S.; effective 6-4-2015.) (Amended 7-19-2016 by O-20672 N.S.; effective 10-6-2016.)

(a) A change in use from a previously conforming use to another use within the same use category of the Use Regulations Tables of Chapter 13, Article 1, outside the Coastal Overlay Zone, is considered a change of use of equal intensity and retains the previously conforming rights for the new use. A change of use from a previously conforming use to a use in another use category or to a separately regulated use category of the Use Regulations Tables of Chapter 13, Article 1, is not allowed.

(b) Within the Coastal Overlay Zone, if a change in use from a previously
conforming use to another use within the same use category of the Use
Regulation Tables of Chapter 13, Article 1 involves any intensification of use,
the previously conforming rights are not retained for the new use. For the
purposes of Section 127.0107, intensification of use means a change in the use
of a lot or premises which, based on the provisions of the applicable zone,
requires more off-street parking than the most recent legal use on the
premises.

(c) A change in the number of business licenses issued for the same use within
the same square footage is not considered an intensification of use.
(Amended 6-12-2001 by O-18948 N.S.; effective 12-12-2001.)

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(a) If a previously conforming use is discontinued for a period of less than two consecutive years, except previously conforming uses subject to Section 127.0112, operations may be resumed, or changed to another use in the same category in accordance with Section 127.0107.

(b) If a previously conforming use has been discontinued for a period of two or
more consecutive years, except previously conforming uses subject to
Section 127.0112, resumption of the use requires a Neighborhood Use Permit.
Discontinuance of the use for a period of two or more consecutive years
creates a presumption in favor of abandonment, against which the owner or
person asserting the previously conforming status may offer evidence
sufficient to satisfy the City Manager that one or more of the following has
occurred:

(1) The discontinuance is in accordance with Section 127.0108(d); or

(2) An active Neighborhood Use Permit approves or conditionally
approves resumption of the previously conforming use.

(c) A previously conforming use that is brought into conformance is no longer
previously conforming and shall not resume operations or revert to a
previously conforming status. A previously conforming use can maintain
previously conforming status, except previously conforming uses subject to
Section 127.0112, during construction in accordance with Section 127.0108(d)
without being considered to have been abandoned.

(d) If the previously conforming use, except previously conforming uses subject
to Section 127.0112, is temporarily discontinued while repairs, remodeling, or
major alterations of the structure are under construction, maintenance of an
active construction permit and the Business Tax Certificate shall mean that the
use has not been discontinued during the construction and the use’s previously
conforming status is maintained.
(Added 12-9-1997 by O-18451 N.S.; effective 1-1-2000.)
(Amended 5-5-2015 by O-20482 N.S.; effective 6-4-2015.)
(Amended 1-16-2024 by O-21758 N.S.; effective 3-16-2024.)

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(a) A 20 percent or less gross floor area expansion of a previously conforming use requires a Neighborhood Use Permit decided in accordance with Process Two.

(b) Where located in residential zones, the following uses shall not be eligible to
expand in accordance with Section 127.0109(a):

(1) Hazardous waste facilities subject to Sections 141.1002 or 141.1003;

(2) Very Heavy Industrial Uses subject to Section 141.1009.

(3) Wrecking and Dismantling of Motor Vehicles subject to Section
141.1010; and

(4) Commercial and personal vehicle repair and maintenance facilities that
meet the use category description in Sections 131.0112(a)(8)(A) or
(C).
(Added 12-9-1997 by O-18451 N.S.; amended 10-18-1999 by O-18691 N.S.; effective
1-1-2000.)
(Amended 5-5-2015 by O-20482 N.S.; effective 6-4-2015.)
(Amended 12-1-2016 by O-20752 N.S.; effective 12-31-2016.)
(Amended 10-17-2017 by O-20859 N.S.; effective 11-16-2017.)

(a) For the purpose of this Division, an exterior wall shall be considered removed if the Building Official determines that the structural integrity of that wall has been lost.

(b) The applicant shall provide sufficient information to demonstrate the extent of
the proposed wall removal, or in the case of a structure destroyed by fire,
natural disaster, or act of the public enemy, the extent of wall destruction,
including, but not limited to:

(1) A site plan of the structure showing all existing exterior walls (and
those that were destroyed in accordance with Section 127.0105, if
applicable) identified and dimensioned in linear feet;

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(2) A demolition plan with dimensions specified in linear feet for any
existing exterior walls proposed to be demolished or removed and
replaced in accordance with Section 127.0111(a)(1) or showing the
exterior walls that were destroyed in accordance with Section
127.0105, if applicable; and

(3) Structural calculations and details regarding all walls within the
structure proposed to be modified or reconstructed.

(c) The length of the exterior walls shall be measured in linear feet.
(d) When an exterior wall of a previously conforming structure is made an
interior wall, the development shall comply with the regulations for expansion
or enlargement in Section 127.0106.
(“Rules for Calculation and Measurement of Exterior Walls” added 5-5-2015 by
O-20482 N.S.; effective 6-4-2015.)
(Amended 7-19-2016 by O-20672 N.S.; effective 10-6-2016.)

The purpose of this Section is to address incompatible previously conforming land uses near residential uses. Certain existing previously conforming uses are on premises that have been rezoned to allow for residential and mixed-use development. These incompatible uses can cause adverse impacts and reduce the quality of life in neighborhoods with residential uses. The intent of this Section is to not allow incompatible uses identified in this Section to continue near residential uses and to encourage land uses that are in compliance with the applicable land use plans and base zones.

(a) The following previously conforming uses, when located within 50 feet from
the property line of the previously conforming use to the property line of an
existing residential use established prior to January 1, 2024, are considered
incompatible uses:

(1) Junk Yards;

(2) Wrecking and Dismantling of Motor Vehicles;

(3) Very Heavy Industrial Uses (as defined in Section 141.1009); and

(4) The following Recycling Facilities:

(A) Large Collection Facilities;

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(B) Large Construction and Demolition Debris Recycling Facility;

(C) Large Processing Facility Accepting at least 98% of Total
Annual Weight of Recyclables from Commercial and
Industrial Traffic;

(D) Large Processing Facility Accepting All Types of Traffic; and

(E) Tire Processing Facilities.

(b) The following requirements apply to previously conforming uses that are
considered incompatible uses and are located within the San Diego Promise
Zone as established on January 1, 2024:

(1) If a previously conforming use has been discontinued for 30 or more consecutive days, the previously conforming use is no longer permitted to operate on the premises, and operations may not be resumed or changed to another use in the same category, except when temporarily discontinued due to repairs, including repairs needed for reconstruction following fire, natural disaster, or act of the public enemy. If the previously conforming use is temporarily discontinued while repairs of the structure are under construction, maintenance of an active construction permit and the Business Tax Certificate shall mean that the use has not been discontinued during the construction and the use’s previously conforming status is maintained.

(2) The previously conforming use shall no longer be permitted to operate
15 years after the effective date of the ordinance. Notice of this date
shall be sent by certified mail to the record owner and tenant(s) by the
City of San Diego no later than 60 days after the ordinance takes
effect.
(“Replacing Incompatible Previously Conforming Uses” added 1-16-2024 by
O-21758 N.S.; effective 3-16-2024.)

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Article 7: Previously Conforming Premises and Uses