Chapter 17.102 — SURFACE MINING AND RECLAMATION

The provisions of the California Surface Mining and Reclamation Act of 1975 (P.R.C. Sec. 2710 et seq.), P.R.C. Sec. 2207, and Title 14, Division 8, Section 3500 et seq. of the California Code of Regulations implementing the Act, hereinafter referred to as the "State regulations," as either may be amended from time to time, are made a part of this Chapter by reference with the same force and effect as if the provisions therein were specifically and fully set out herein, excepting that when the provisions of this Chapter are more restrictive than conflicting State provisions, this Chapter shall prevail.

(Ord. 1603 § 4 (Exh. I), 2023)

For the purposes of this Chapter, the following words and phrases are defined as follows. Any word, phrase or term which is not defined in this Chapter but which is defined in PMC Chapter 17.16 (Definitions) shall mean the same as the definition contained in PMC Chapter 17.16 (Definitions).

"Exploration" or "prospecting" shall mean the search for minerals by geological, geophysical, geochemical, or other techniques, including, but not limited to, sampling, assaying, drilling, or any surface or underground works needed to determine the type, extent, or quantity of minerals present.

"Haul road" shall mean a road along which material is transported from the area of excavation to the processing plant or stock pile area of the surface mining operation.

"Idle" shall mean to curtail for a period of one year or more surface mining operations by more than 90 percent of the operation's previous maximum annual mineral production, with the intent to resume those surface mining operations at a future date. (SMARA, Sec. 2727.1)

"Mined lands" shall include the surface, subsurface, and groundwater of an area in which surface mining operations will be, are being, or have been conducted, including private ways and roads appurtenant to any such area, land excavations, workings, mining waste, and areas in which structures, facilities, equipment, machines, tools, or other materials or property which result from, or are used in, surface mining operations are located.

"Minerals" shall mean any naturally occurring chemical element or compound, or groups of elements and compounds, formed from inorganic processes and organic substances including, but not limited to, coal, peat, bituminous rock, but excluding geothermal resources, natural gas, and petroleum. For the purpose of this Chapter, minerals shall also include but not be limited to sand, gravel, cinders, diatomaceous earth, shale, limestone, flagstone, decorative stone, and riprap.

"Mining waste" shall include the residual of soil, rock, mineral, liquid, vegetation, equipment, machines, tools, or other materials or property directly resulting from, or displaced by, surface mining operations.

"Operator" shall mean any person who is engaged in surface mining operations or who contracts with others to conduct operations on his/her behalf, except a person who is engaged in surface mining operations as an employee with wages as his or her sole compensation.

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City of Palmdale, CA

ZONING

§ 17.102.020

§ 17.102.030

"Overburden" shall mean soil, rock, or other materials that lie above a natural mineral deposit or in between deposits, before or after their removal, by surface mining operations.

"Permit" shall mean any formal authorization from, or approved by, the City, the absence of which would preclude surface mining operations.

"Person" shall mean any individual, firm, association, corporation, organization, or partnership, or any city, County, district, or the State or any department or agency thereof.

"Reclamation" shall mean the process of land treatment that minimizes water degradation, air pollution, damage to aquatic or wildlife habitat, flooding, erosion, and other adverse effects from surface mining operations, including adverse surface effects incidental to underground mines, so that mined lands are reclaimed to a usable condition which is readily adaptable for alternate land uses and create no danger to public health or safety. The process may extend to affected lands surrounding mined lands, and may require backfilling, grading, resoiling, revegetation, soil compaction, stabilization, or other measures.

"State Board" shall mean the State Mining and Geology Board, in the Department of Conservation, State of California.

"State Geologist" shall mean the individual holding office as structured in Section 677 of Article 3, Division 2 of Division 1 of the Public Resources Code.

"Surface mining operations" shall mean all or any part of the process involved in the mining of minerals on mined lands by removing overburden and mining directly from the mineral deposits, open pit mining of minerals naturally exposed, mining by the auger method, dredging and quarrying, or surface work incident to an underground mine. Surface mining operations shall include, but are not limited to:

• (1) In-place distillation, retorting or leaching;

• (2) The production and disposal of mining waste;

• (3) Prospecting and exploratory activities;

• (4) Borrow pitting;

• (5) Streambed skimming; and

• (6) Segregation and stockpiling of mined materials (and recovery of the same). (Ord. 1603 § 4 (Exh. I), 2023)

• (A) Requirements for Conditional Use Permits. Unless exempted by provisions of this Chapter, an approved conditional use permit as provided in PMC Chapter 17.22 (Conditional Use Permits) shall be required for all surface mining operations in all zones in which surface mining is allowed; and shall be required for the expansion or substantial change of operation of any surface mine for which such expansion or changes have not been thereby approved, including any operation which meets the definition of a "nonconforming use" pursuant to PMC Chapter 17.28 (Nonconforming Uses, Structures and Parcels).

• (B) Requirements for Reclamation Plans. A reclamation plan shall be required for all surface mining operations in all zones in which surface mining is allowed, as well as for those portions of existing surface mining operations conducted after January 1, 1976, unless a

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City of Palmdale, CA

PALMDALE CODE

§ 17.102.030

§ 17.102.050

reclamation plan was approved by the City prior to that date and the person submitting that plan has accepted responsibility for carrying out the plan. Nothing in this Chapter shall be construed as requiring the filing of a reclamation plan for, or the reclamation of, mined lands on which surface mining operations were conducted legally and pursuant to all applicable City regulations prior to January 1, 1976.

• (C) Exemptions. A reclamation plan shall not be required for any of the following activities:

  • (1) Excavations or grading conducted for farming or on-site construction or for the purpose of restoring land following a flood or natural disaster. (SMARA, Sec. 2714(a));

  • (2) Prospecting for, or the extraction of, minerals for commercial purposes and the removal of overburden in total amounts of less than 1,000 cubic yards in any one location of one acre or less. (SMARA, Sec. 2714(b));

  • (3) Surface mining operations that are required by Federal law in order to protect a mining claim, if such operations are conducted solely for that purpose. (SMARA, Sec. 2714(c));

  • (4) Emergency excavations or grading conducted by the Department of Water Resources (DWR) or the Reclamation Board for flood control purposes; and

  • (5) Such other surface mining operations which the State Mining and Geology Board determines to be of an infrequent nature and which involve only minor surface disturbances (SMARA, Sec. 2714(d)).

• (Ord. 1603 § 4 (Exh. I), 2023)

• (A) In addition to the conditional use permit application required in PMC Chapter 17.22 (Conditional Use Permits), as many copies of a reclamation plan application as may be required shall be submitted to the Planning Division. For surface mining operations that are exempt from a conditional use permit pursuant to this Chapter, the reclamation plan application shall include information concerning the mining operation that is required for processing the reclamation plan.

• (B) Applications shall include the necessary environmental review information prescribed by the Planning Division.

• (Ord. 1603 § 4 (Exh. I), 2023)

• (A) The Planning Division will review the application package for completeness and shall, within 30 days after receipt, either accept the application as complete for the purpose of initiating permit processing or return the application as incomplete with an explanation of where the application is deficient. Resubmittal of the revised application shall start a new review time frame.

• (B) Within 30 days of acceptance of an application for a conditional use permit for surface mining operations and/or a reclamation plan as complete, the Planning Division shall notify

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City of Palmdale, CA

ZONING

§ 17.102.050

§ 17.102.050

the Director of the Department of Conservation of the filing of the application(s) (SMARA, Sec. 2774(e)). Whenever mining operations are proposed in the 100-year floodplain of any stream, as shown in Zone A of the Flood Insurance Rate Maps issued by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, and within one mile, upstream or downstream, of any State highway bridge, the Planning Division shall also notify the State Department of Transportation that an application has been received (SMARA, Sec. 2770.5).

• (C) The Planning Division shall process the application(s) through environmental review pursuant to the CEQA and the City's Local CEQA Guidelines.

• (D) Subsequent to the appropriate environmental review, the Planning Division shall prepare a staff report with recommendations for consideration by the Review Authority, which incorporates input from any other affected department or agency.

• (E) Prior to final approval of a reclamation plan, financial assurance (as provided in this Chapter), or any amendments to a reclamation plan, the Review Authority shall certify to the Director of the Department of Conservation that the reclamation plan complies with the applicable requirements of the State regulations and submit the plan, assurances, or amendment to said Director for review (SMARA, Sec. 2774(c)). The Review Authority may conceptually approve the reclamation plan before submittal to the Director of the Department of Conservation.

• (F) If a conditional use permit is being processed concurrently with the reclamation plan, the Review Authority may also conceptually approve the conditional use permit. However, the Review Authority may defer action on the conditional use permit until taking final action on the reclamation plan. If necessary to comply with permit processing deadlines, the Review Authority may conditionally approve the conditional use permit with the condition that the Planning Division shall not release the mining operation for occupancy until financial assurances have been reviewed by the Director of the Department of Conservation and final action has been taken on the reclamation plan.

• (G) The Director of the Department of Conservation shall have 45 days to prepare written comments on the reclamation plan (SMARA, Sec. 2774(d)). The Review Authority shall evaluate written comments received from the State during the 45-day comment period. Staff shall prepare a written response describing the disposition of the major issues raised by the State for the Review Authority's approval. In particular, when the City's position is at variance with the recommendations and objections raised in the State's comments, the written response shall address, in detail, why specific comments and suggestions were not accepted (SMARA, Sec. 2774(d)). Copies of any written comments received and responses prepared by the Review Authority shall be promptly forwarded to the operator.

• (H) The Review Authority shall then take final action to approve, conditionally approve, or deny the conditional use permit and/or reclamation plan. The Review Authority's action shall be final, subject to appeal as provided in PMC § 17.20.110 (Appeal procedures).

• (I) The Planning Division shall forward a copy of each approved conditional use permit for mining operations and/or approved reclamation plan to the Director of the Department of Conservation.

• (J) Annual Reports. Surface mining operators shall forward an annual status report to the Director of the Department of Conservation and the Planning Division on a date established by the Director of the Department of Conservation upon forms furnished by the State

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City of Palmdale, CA

PALMDALE CODE

§ 17.102.050

§ 17.102.080

Mining and Geology Board (P.R.C. Sec. 2207 (a)-(g)).

(K) A copy of the final approved reclamation plan shall be kept on site at all times. (Ord. 1603 § 4 (Exh. I), 2023)

• (A) All new or revised reclamation plans shall conform to minimum Statewide performance standards required pursuant to California Code of Regulations 3700 et seq. (Reclamation Standards) and SMARA Sec. 2773, as adopted by the State Mining and Geology Board, including but not limited to wildlife habitat, backfilling, regrading, slope stability, recontouring, erosion control, revegetation, drainage, agricultural land reclamation, equipment removal, stream protection, topsoil salvage, tailing, and mine waste management and maintenance.

• (B) The City may impose additional performance standards developed either in review of individual projects, as warranted, or through the formulation and adoption of City-wide performance standards on any new reclamation plan or modification to a previously approved reclamation plan.

• (Ord. 1603 § 4 (Exh. I), 2023)

• (A) Phasing of Reclamation. Reclamation activities shall be phased with respect to the phasing of the mining operation and shall be initiated at the earliest possible time on those portions of the mined lands that will not be subject to further disturbance (SMARA, Sec. 2772(f)); (see also PMC § 17.102.110 (Interim management plans)).

• (B) Interim reclamation may also be required for mined lands that have been disturbed and will be disturbed again in future operations if it is determined to be necessary to ensure the success of final reclamation or for health and safety purposes. Reclamation may be done on an annual basis, or in stages compatible with continuing operations, or on completion of all excavation, removal, or fill as approved by the City. Each phase of reclamation shall be specifically described in the reclamation plan and shall include: the approximate length of time for completion of each phase; all reclamation activities required; criteria for measuring completion of specific reclamation activities; and estimated costs as provided in PMC § 17.102.090 (Financial assurances for reclamation plans). The City shall approve the reclamation schedule.

• (Ord. 1603 § 4 (Exh. I), 2023)

In addition to the findings for approval of conditional use permits contained in PMC Chapter 17.22 (Conditional Use Permits), approval for surface mining operations shall include a finding that the project complies with the provisions of State law and regulation.

• (A) For reclamation plans, the following findings shall be made by the Review Authority prior to approval:

  • (1) The reclamation plan complies with Sections 2772, 2773, and 2773.1 of SMARA and any other applicable provisions;

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City of Palmdale, CA

ZONING

§ 17.102.080

§ 17.102.090

• (2) The reclamation plan complies with applicable requirements of Title 14, Division 8, Section 3500 et seq. of the California Code of Regulations;

• (3) The reclamation plan and potential use of reclaimed land pursuant to the plan are consistent with this Chapter and the City's General Plan;

• (4) Through implementation of the reclamation plan, all significant adverse impacts on lands to be reclaimed as a result of the surface mining operations are mitigated to the maximum extent feasible;

• (5) The land and/or resources to be reclaimed will be restored to a condition that is compatible with the surrounding environment;

• (6) That the reclamation plan and potential use of reclaimed land pursuant to the plan are consistent with any applicable air quality and/or water quality resource plan and/or that suitable off-site development will compensate for related disturbances to resource values existing after reclamation is completed;

• (7) The reclamation plan will restore the mined lands to a usable condition which is adaptable for alternative land uses consistent with the General Plan and any other applicable plan or element; and

• (8) A written response to the Director of the Department of Conservation has been prepared, describing the disposition of major issues raised by the Director. Where the City's position is at variance with the recommendations and objections raised by the Director, said response shall address, in detail, why specific comments and suggestions were not accepted. (SMARA, Sec. 2772(d)).

• (Ord. 1603 § 4 (Exh. I), 2023)

• (A) In order to ensure that reclamation will proceed pursuant to the approved reclamation plan, the City shall require as a condition of approval one or more forms of security which will be released upon satisfactory performance. The applicant shall post security in the form of a corporate surety bond, trust fund, irrevocable letter of credit from an accredited financial institution, a certificate of time deposit as part of an approved trust fund, or other method acceptable to the City and the Department of Conservation as specified in Statewide regulations adopted by the Mining and Geology Board. Financial assurances shall be made payable to the City and the Department of Conservation (SMARA, Sec. 2773.1(a)(4)).

• (B) Financial assurances shall be required to ensure compliance with elements of the reclamation plan including but not limited to revegetation and landscaping requirements; restoration of wildlife habitat; protection of archaeological sites; restoration of water bodies and water quality; slope stability and erosion and drainage control, disposal of hazardous materials; and other mitigation measures. Financial assurances for such elements of the reclamation plan shall be monitored by the Planning Department.

• (C) Financial assurances shall not be released until written notification has been made by the Director to the mining operator and the Director of the Department of Conservation that reclamation has been completed pursuant to the approved reclamation plan (SMARA, Sec. 2773.1(c)).

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City of Palmdale, CA

PALMDALE CODE

§ 17.102.090

§ 17.102.100

• (D) The amount of financial assurances shall be based upon the estimated costs of reclamation for each year or phase stipulated in the reclamation plan, including any irrigation and maintenance of reclaimed areas as may be required. Cost estimates shall be prepared by a licensed engineer and/or other qualified professionals retained by the operator; such estimates shall be approved by the Director. Financial assurances may be based upon estimates including but not necessarily limited to the volume of earth moved (cubic yards) for each year or phase of reclamation. Financial assurances to ensure compliance with revegetation, restoration of wildlife habitat, and any other applicable element of the reclamation plan shall be based upon cost estimates that include but may not be limited to labor, equipment, materials, mobilization of equipment, administration, and reasonable profit by a commercial operator other than the permittee.

• (E) In projecting the costs of financial assurances, it shall be assumed without prejudice or insinuation that the surface mining operation could be abandoned by an operator and, consequently, the City or State may need to contract with a third-party commercial company for mobilization and reclamation of the site.

• (F) Where reclamation is accomplished in annual increments, the amount of financial assurances required for any one year shall be adjusted annually and shall be adequate to cover the full estimated costs for reclamation of any land projected to be in a disturbed condition from mining operations by the end of the following year. The estimated costs shall be the amount required to complete the reclamation on all areas that will not be subject to further disturbance, and to provide interim reclamation, as necessary, for any partially excavated areas pursuant to the reclamation plan. Financial assurances for each year shall be released upon successful completion of reclamation (including any maintenance required) of all areas that will not be subject to further disturbance and upon the operator filing additional financial assurances for the succeeding year. Financial assurances for all subsequent years of the operation shall be handled in the same manner.

• (G) Financial assurances for reclamation that is accomplished in multiple-year phases shall be handled in the same manner as described for annual reclamation.

• (H) If a change of ownership occurs, the existing financial assurance remains in force until a replacement financial assurance is approved by the lead agency.

• (Ord. 1603 § 4 (Exh. I), 2023)

• (A) The Planning Division shall arrange for inspection of a surface mining operation within six months of receipt of the annual report required in PMC § 17.102.050(J) (Annual Reports) to determine whether the surface mining operation is pursuant to the reclamation plan and the State regulations (SMARA, Sec. 2774(b)).

• (B) In no event shall less than one inspection be conducted in any calendar year. Said inspections may be made by a State-registered geologist, State-registered civil engineer, State-licensed landscape architect, State-registered forester, or other qualified specialist who has not been employed by the mining operation in any capacity during the previous 12 months, as selected by the Planning Division. All inspections shall be conducted using a form provided by the State Mining and Geology Board. The Planning Division shall notify the Director of the Department of Conservation within 30 days of completion of the inspection that the inspection has been conducted and shall forward a copy of said

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City of Palmdale, CA

ZONING

§ 17.102.100

§ 17.102.130

inspection notice and any supporting documentation to the mining operator. The operator shall be solely responsible for the reasonable cost of such inspection. (Ord. 1603 § 4 (Exh. I), 2023)

(See also, PMC § 17.102.070 (Phasing of reclamation).)

• (A) Within 90 days of a surface mining operation becoming idle, as defined in this Chapter, the operator shall submit to the Planning Division an interim management plan (SMARA, Sec. 2770(h)). The interim management plan shall fully comply with the requirements of SMARA, Sec. 2770(h) and shall provide measures the operator will implement to maintain the site in compliance with SMARA, including, but not limited to, all conditions of the conditional use permit and/or reclamation plan approval. The interim management plan shall be processed as a minor amendment to the reclamation plan and shall not be considered a project for the purposes of environmental review (SMARA, Sec. 2770(h)).

• (B) The Director of the Department of Conservation shall have 45 days to prepare written comments on the interim management plan, if they so choose.

• (C) Financial assurances for idle operations shall be continued as addressed in the reclamation plan or as otherwise approved through the idle mine's interim management plan.

• (D) Within 60 days of receipt of the interim management plan, or a longer period mutually agreed upon by the Planning Division and the operator, the Director shall review and approve or deny the plan pursuant to this Chapter. The operator shall have 30 days or a longer period mutually agreed upon by the operator and the Director to submit a revised plan. The Director shall approve or deny the revised interim management plan within 60 days of receipt. If the Director denies the revised interim management plan, the operator may appeal that action to the Review Authority.

• (E) The interim management plan may remain in effect for a period not to exceed five years, at which time the Review Authority may renew the plan for another period not to exceed five years or require the surface mining operator to commence reclamation pursuant to its approved reclamation plan.

• (Ord. 1603 § 4 (Exh. I), 2023)

The time limit for commencing a surface mining operation that is allowed pursuant to this Section shall be as specified in the conditions of approval for the approved conditional use permit.

• (Ord. 1603 § 4 (Exh. I), 2023)

• (A) Requests for modifications of approved reclamation plans shall be processed in the same manner as original applications for reclamation plan reviews unless they are determined to be minor modifications (see PMC § 17.26.040 (Minor modifications to approved plans)). Applications for minor modifications may be submitted in connection with the following, as long as they are not incompatible with existing conditions and/or plans:

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City of Palmdale, CA

PALMDALE CODE

§ 17.102.130

§ 17.102.150

• (1) To allow the minor recontouring of final topography, providing slope stability is maintained and substantiated; effecting no more than 10 percent of the site.

• (2) To allow modification or addition of site access.

• (3) To allow a minor substitution in the reclamation plan, provided it does not substantially alter the intended end use described in the approved reclamation plan.

• (4) To allow minor technological and/or administrative changes in methods used to achieve reclamation.

• (5) To allow measures to be taken which will ensure and/or maintain public safety (e.g., fences, gates, signs, or hazard removal), provided it does not substantially alter the intended end use described in the approved reclamation plan.

• (6) To allow minor revisions to a previously approved phasing plan.

• (7) To allow interim management plans.

(Ord. 1603 § 4 (Exh. I), 2023)

If the Planning Division, based upon an annual inspection or otherwise confirmed by an inspection of the mining operation, determines that a surface mining operation is not pursuant to this Chapter, the applicable permit and/or the reclamation plan, the City may follow the administrative procedures set forth in SMARA, Sections 2774.1 and 2774.2 concerning violations and penalties, including penalties assessed for late reporting pursuant to P.R.C. Sec. 2207; however, such remedy is in addition to all of the provisions and remedies of this code, State law, and any law cognizable at common law or in equity, and nothing in this Chapter shall be interpreted or construed to supersede or limit any and all other remedies, whether administrative, civil, or criminal.

(Ord. 1603 § 4 (Exh. I), 2023)

The City shall establish such fees as it deems necessary to cover the reasonable costs incurred in implementing this Chapter and the State regulations, including but not limited to processing of applications, annual reports, inspections, monitoring, enforcement, and compliance. (Ord. 1603 § 4 (Exh. I), 2023)

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City of Palmdale, CA