Livermore Municipal Code Part 12 Definitions

LDC Chapter 12.01. DEFINITIONS

LDC § 12.01.010. Purpose.

This part provides definitions of terms and phrases used in this Development Code that are technical or specialized, or that may not reflect common usage. If any of the definitions in this part conflict with definitions in other provisions of the Municipal Code, these definitions shall control for the purposes of this Development Code. If a word is not defined in this part, or in other provisions of the City of Livermore Municipal Code, the Director shall determine the correct definition.

(Formerly 11.01.010; Ord. 2178, 7/14/2025)

LDC § 12.01.020. Definitions of Specialized Terms and Phrases.

All terms used in Part 11 (Housing) are now defined in LDC Chapter 11.20 (Definitions). For the purpose of this section, the following terms shall be defined as follows:

A. A Definitions.

Abandoned sign.

A sign in place for a period of at least 90 days which no longer advertises an ongoing business, lessor, owner or activity on the premises where the sign is displayed.

Abutting.

Having a common property line or district boundary or separated by a private or public street or easement.

Access frontage or service road or street.

A public or private street or right-of-way of not less than minimum requirements as specified in Part 10 (Subdivisions) of this Code, affording means of access to property.

Access or service drive.

A public or private way of paving or right-of-way of not more than 30 feet affording means of access to property.

Accessory building.

See "Accessory structure."

Accessory structure.

A structure or building subordinate to the primary dwelling on the same residential lot, serving a purpose customarily incidental to the principal use of the main use, structure and/or building, and which does not change the character of the principal use. See also "Agricultural accessory structure" and "Accessory structure or use, residential."

Accessory structure, major (major accessory structure).

An accessory structure with a footprint greater than 120 square feet.

Accessory structure, minor (minor accessory structure).

An accessory structure with a footprint of 120 square feet or less.

Accessory structure or use, residential.

Any use and/or structure that is customarily a part of, and clearly incidental and secondary to a residence, and does not change the character of the residential use. This definition includes the following detached accessory structures, and other similar structures normally associated with a residential use of property: garages; gazebos; greenhouses (noncommercial); spas and hot tubs; storage sheds; studios; swimming pools; tennis and other on-site sport courts; workshops. See also "Agricultural accessory structure."

Acreage.

A parcel of land which is not a parcel, as defined in Part 10 (Subdivisions), and those areas where a legal subdivision has not been made previously, or where a legal subdivision has declared the parcel as acreage.

Advisory Agency.

The City staff member or City policy-making or review authority responsible for acting on an application, as specified in LDC Section 10.01.050 (Advisory Agency).

Agent of owner.

A person authorized in writing by a property owner to represent and act for that property owner in contacts with City employees, committees, Commissions and the Council regarding matters regulated by this Development Code.

Aggregate sign area.

The total area of all signs and/or all messages located on a parcel.

Agricultural accessory structure.

A structure for sheltering animals, agricultural equipment, hay, feed, etc. Examples of these structures include barns, noncommercial greenhouses, coops, corrals, and pens.

Agriculture.

The use of the land for purposes including farming, agriculture, horticulture, floriculture, viticulture, and the necessary accessory uses for packing, treating or storing the produce, provided that any such accessory uses shall be secondary to that of normal agricultural activities. Does not include the raising of animals or fowl for commercial purposes, or sale of any products at retail on premises, unless otherwise specified.

Agriculture processing.

The processing of harvested crops to prepare them for on-site marketing, or processing and packaging elsewhere. Examples of this land use include the following: alfalfa cubing; corn shelling; custom grist mills; custom milling of flour, feed and grain; dairies (not including feedlots); grain cleaning and custom grinding; hay baling and cubing; pre-cooling and packaging of fresh or farm-dried fruits or vegetables; tree nut hulling and shelling; farm product warehousing and storage; drying of corn, rice, hay, fruits and vegetables; sorting, grading and packing fruits and vegetables.

Agriculture roadside stand.

Retail sales of products grown on the premises from roadside stands, including the sale of hay, grain and feed.

Air cargo operation.

An operation that involves the carriage of property under the appropriate Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR) and operates aircraft that are within the weight limitations established for the airport.

Air charter operation.

An operation that involves on-demand, non-scheduled passenger services and operates under the appropriate FAR (14 CFR Part 135 for common carriage or 14 CFR Part 125 for private carriage) with aircraft that provide no more than 30 passenger seats and are within the weight limitations established for the airport.

Aircraft maintenance.

The repair, adjustment or inspection of aircraft. Major repairs include major alterations to the airframe, power plant, propeller and accessories. Minor repairs include normal, routine annual inspection with attendant maintenance, repair, calibration or adjustment or repair of aircraft and their accessories.

Aircraft sales.

The sale of new or used aircraft through franchises or licensed dealership or distributorship (either on a retail or wholesale basis) of an aircraft manufacturer or otherwise; and provides such repair, services and parts as necessary to meet any guarantee or warranty on new or used aircraft sold by it.

Airport hazard.

Any obstruction or tree or use of land which obstructs the airspace required for the flight of aircraft in landing or taking off at the airport or is otherwise hazardous to such landing or taking off.

Airport reference point.

The point at which the mean elevation is established for an airport.

Alley.

A public or private way to be used primarily for vehicular access to the back or side of a parcel of real property that otherwise abuts a street.

Alter.

To create physical change in the internal arrangement of rooms or the supporting members of a structure, or a change in the external appearance of any structure, not including painting.

Animal-keeping facility.

Animal husbandry.

The use of land for dairying, animal raising and pasturage and the necessary accessory uses; provided, that such accessory uses shall be secondary to that of normal animal husbandry activities. The above uses shall not include the commercial feeding of garbage or offal to swine or other animals.

Animal husbandry, limited.

The use of land for poultry, rabbit, turkey, frog, and other small-animal raising, not including kennels for dogs or cats.

Equestrian facility.

A commercial facility for horses, donkeys and/or mules, including horse ranches, boarding stables, riding schools and academies, horse exhibition facilities (for shows or other competitive events), and barns, stables, corrals and paddocks accessory and incidental to these uses. Does not include the simple pasturing of horses, donkeys and/or mules.

Veterinary clinic, animal hospital.

Office and indoor medical treatment facilities used by veterinarians, including large- and small-animal veterinary clinics and animal hospitals.

Antenna.

A fixed-in-place device used to transmit and/or receive radio or electromagnetic waves, including but not limited to reflecting discs, panels, microwave dishes, whip antennas, parabolic, directional and non-directional antennas consisting of one or more wires or elements, and similar electromagnetic wave transmission and/or reception devices.

Applicant.

Any individual, firm or any other entity that applies to the City for the applicable permits to undertake any construction or development project within the City.

Apron.

Pertaining to the airport, those paved areas of the airport within the AOA designated by the airport for the loading and unloading of passengers, servicing, or parking of aircraft.

Architectural features.

An exterior building feature including roofs, windows, doors, cornices, canopies, eaves, or similar design elements.

Association.

A nonprofit corporation or unincorporated association created for the purpose of managing a condominium or other common interest development (Civil Code Section 1351).

Attached building or structure.

Any building or structure which is structurally a part of, or has a common wall and/or continuous roof with a main building or structure, except where such connection is a breezeway or walkway incidental to and not a necessary part of the construction of the main building.

Automated teller machine (ATM).

A computerized self-service machine used by bank and financial service patrons for conducting transactions, including deposits, withdrawals and fund transfers, without contact with financial institution personnel. The machines may be located at or within banks, or in other locations, in compliance with this Development Code.

Automobile and vehicle sales and rental.

A retail or wholesale establishment selling and/or renting automobiles, trucks and vans, trailers, motorcycles, and scooters with internal combustion engines (bicycle sales are included under "General Retail"). May also include repair shops and the sales of parts and accessories incidental to vehicle dealerships. Does not include: businesses dealing exclusively in used parts, auto wrecking and salvage; the sale of auto parts/accessories separate from a vehicle dealership, see "Auto parts sales" or "Auto service stations," which are separately defined.

Automobile disassembly or wrecking.

The dismantling or disassembling of used motor vehicles or trailers, or the storage, sale, or dumping of dismantled, partially dismantled, obsolete or wrecked vehicles or their parts.

Automobile parts sales.

Stores that sell new or re-manufactured automobile parts, tires, and accessories. Establishments that provide installation services are instead included under "Vehicle services – Automobile repair garage." Does not include businesses dealing exclusively in used parts, auto wrecking and salvage, or tire recapping establishments, which are found under "Vehicle services – Automobile repair garage."

Automobile repair.

See "Vehicle services."

Automobile repair, major/minor.

Major.

General repair, rebuilding or reconditioning of engines, motor vehicles or trailers; collision service including body or frame, straightening or repair, overall painting, or paint shop.

Minor.

Incidental minor repairs to include replacement of parts and service to passenger cars, but not including any operation defined as "automobile repair, major," or any other operation similar thereto.

Automobile service station.

A building and/or lot or use having pumps and storage tanks where motor vehicle fuels or lubricating oil or grease or accessories for motor vehicles are dispensed, sold, or offered for sale at retail only; where deliveries are made directly into motor vehicles, including greasing and oiling on the premises and car washing; and where repair services is incidental to the use. Incidental accessory retail sales are limited to a maximum of 2,500 square feet of convenience market.

Awning.

A roof or cover which projects from a wall of a building over a window or door, made of canvas, aluminum or similar material, which may be fixed in place or be retractable.

B. B Definitions.

Bank, financial services.

Financial institutions including: banks and trust companies; credit agencies; holding (but not primarily operating) companies; lending and thrift institutions; other investment companies; securities/commodity contract brokers and dealers; security and commodity exchanges; vehicle finance (equity) leasing agencies.

Banner sign.

A sign made of a flexible material that projects or hangs from a building, structure, pole or wire. A banner sign includes flags, but does not include pennants.

Basement.

A story whose floor is more than 12 inches, but not more than half of its story height below the average level of the adjoining ground (as distinguished from a "cellar," which is a story more than one-half below such level). A basement, when used as a dwelling, shall be counted as a story for purposes of height measurement, and as a half-story for purposes of side yard determination.

Bathroom.

A room that contains all of the following features: a bathtub or shower, a washbowl, and a toilet.

Bay window.

An architectural projection from a wall, cantilevered from the house with no foundation directly under the projection. A bay window shall have a minimum glass area of 60% and may extend from the floor level of the ground floor up to the roof of the main structure.

Beacon.

A light with one or more beams directed into the atmosphere or directed at one or more points not on the same parcel as the light source; also, a light with one or more beams that move.

Bed & Breakfast (B&B).

A use of sleeping units, where one unit equals one room, for the rental accommodation of transient guests on an overnight basis. Sleeping units are limited to two to six units, plus accommodations for the owner, per residential structure. The term Bed & Breakfast (B&B) does not include short-term rentals regulated by Chapter 5.90 LMC that are limited to the use of a single residential dwelling unit for dwelling, lodging, or sleeping purposes.

Billboard sign.

An off-site sign which is supported by one or more uprights, poles, or braces in or upon the ground, other than a freestanding sign, monument sign, or pole sign.

Block.

An area of land separated from other areas by adjacent streets, railroads, rights-of-way, public areas or the subdivision boundary.

Build-to-line.

A line parallel to a property line where a structure is required to be located.

Building frontage.

Pertaining to signs, the lineal length of a building facing a public street; or

The lineal length of a building facing an open area where all of the following circumstances exist:

a.

The open area has a width (measured perpendicular from the wall to which the sign is to be affixed) of not less than 30 feet,

b.

The open area is improved and is in use for off-street parking,

c.

The open area is in the same ownership as the building to which signs are to be affixed; or

The lineal width of any alley, driveway, arcade, mall or similar open space which measures less than 30 feet and which provides public access to uses other than those fronting the public street; or

In the case of an open land use, other than off-street parking, driveways, alleys and similar areas, half the lineal distance of the open land use abutting the street; or

The width of a building exclusive of roof overhang and canopies, attached or unattached, or ornamental features which cause a protrusion from the walls of a building. Where the wall of a building is not vertical, the frontage shall be measured at ground level.

Building site.

The ground area of a building or buildings together with all open spaces required by this code, and which site has its principal frontage upon a street.

Building, main or principal.

A building in which is conducted the principal use of the building site upon which it is situated. In any residential district, any dwelling shall be deemed to be a main building on the building site on which the same is located.

Bulb-out.

A curb extension intended to shorten the crossing distance for pedestrians and slow the speed of traffic.

Business support services.

An establishment within a building that provides services to other businesses. Examples of these services include: blueprinting; computer-related services (rental, repair); copying and quick printing services; film processing and photo finishing (retail); mailing and mail box services. Does not include sales, storage or rental of heavy equipment.

C. C Definitions.

C district.

Any CS, CHS, CNB, CO, CP, or the DSP district as set forth in this code. Where certain uses in "any C district" are subject to certain regulations as contained herein, such regulations may apply in any of the above districts.

Cafe.

See "Restaurant, cafe or coffee shop."

California Environmental Quality Act.

The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and its implementing guidelines.

Camping and picnicking areas.

This land use is intended for picnicking and camping areas, which may include individual campsites, but where utility hookups for recreational vehicles are typically not provided at campsites.

Canopy sign.

A sign under an awning or arcade perpendicular to a pedestrian walkway.

Car wash.

A place where motor vehicles are vacuumed, cleaned, washed and/or waxed. Does not include the retail sale of motor vehicle fuels.

Cardroom.

A space, room or enclosure furnished or equipped with a table used or intended to be used for the playing of cards and similar games, and the use of which is available to the public or any portion of the public; does not apply to a nonprofit society, club, fraternal, labor or other organization as defined in LMC Section 5.20.015.

Caretaker's residence.

A temporary dwelling consisting of a modular building set on an engineered pier block foundation for persons employed in the agricultural use of the property and the families of those persons, and/or living quarters for farm workers when necessary for onsite farming operations. Such uses shall be reviewed for compliance with the temporary nature of the use every three years. Inspections of the units for compliance with health and safety standards shall be conducted every three years. Subject to a noticed public hearing, the building shall be removed if it no longer meets this definition or at the end of any three-year permit period.

Carriage house.

A second permanent dwelling or living space that is accessory to a primary dwelling on the same site. A carriage house may provide complete, independent living facilities for one or more persons, including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking, sanitation, and parking, and if attached to the primary dwelling, is provided exterior access separate from the primary dwelling. A carriage house may be located on an upper floor above the detached garage of a single dwelling.

Catering service.

A business that prepares food for consumption on the premises of a client.

Cellar.

A story, the floor of which is more than one-half of its story height below the average contact ground level at the exterior walls of the building. A cellar shall be counted as a story, for the purpose of height regulations, only if used for dwelling purposes other than a janitor or caretaker employed on the premises.

Cemetery.

Interment establishments, engaged in subdividing property into cemetery lots and offering burial plots or air space for sale.

Certificate of compliance; conditional certificate of compliance.

A document issued by the City and recorded by the County Recorder certifying that a specified real property complies with the provisions of the Subdivision Map Act (Government Code Sections 66410 et seq.), and Part 10 (Subdivisions). A Conditional Certificate of Compliance includes any conditions that the City may impose upon the granting of the certificate requiring that specified terms be complied with before the subsequent issuance of a permit or other grant of approval for development of the property.

Child day care.

Facilities for nonmedical care and supervision of minor children for periods of less than 24 hours. This land use includes the following types of facilities, all of which are required to be licensed by the California State Department of Social Services:

Day care center.

Commercial or nonprofit child day care facilities designed and approved to accommodate 15 or more children. Includes infant centers, preschools, sick-child centers, and school-age day care facilities. These may be operated in conjunction with other approved land uses, or as an independent land use.

Large family day care home.

A day care facility located in a single-family residence where an occupant of the residence provides care and supervision for seven to 14 children. Children under the age of 10 years who reside in the home count as children served by the day care facility.

Small family day care home.

A day care facility located in a single-family residence where an occupant of the residence provides care and supervision for either six or fewer children, or eight or fewer children provided that no more than two of the children are under the age of two and at least two of the children are over the age of six. Children under the age of 10 years who reside in the home count as children served by the day care facility.

City.

The City of Livermore.

City Council.

The Livermore City Council, referred to in this Development Code as the "Council."

City Engineer.

The Engineer of the City. The land surveying functions of the City Engineer may be performed by the City Engineer if that person was registered as a civil engineer before January 1, 1982 (R.C.E. No. lower than 33,966), or is a registered land surveyor, by a City Surveyor if that position is created by the City, or by another person authorized by State law to perform land surveying and designated by the City Engineer (Government Code 66416.5).

City project.

New construction or renovation primarily funded by the City, conducted on City-owned property, or managed by City personnel from design through construction, and any buildings constructed for the City's use under a build-to-suit program. "City project" shall not include traditional public works projects (defined below) or joint ventures between the City and a private developer.

City Surveyor.

The official surveyor of the City, or authorized designee, who is assigned by the City Engineer. The City Surveyor shall be a civil engineer licensed to do surveying or a licensed surveyor.

Coffee shop.

See "Restaurant, cafe or coffee shop."

Collector street.

A public street which is identified as a collector street by the General Plan. It is a street which, because of its location with reference to other streets or other sources of traffic, carries or will carry traffic from local streets to the system of major streets. It includes the principal entrance streets of residential subdivisions and streets for circulation of traffic within the subdivisions.

Commercial amusement facility.

Establishments providing amusement and entertainment services for a fee or admission charge. This use does not include adult oriented businesses, which are separately defined in Chapter 5.08 LMC. Examples of commercial amusement facilities include, but are not limited to the following:

Bowling alleys;

Coin-operated amusement arcades;

Dance halls, clubs, and ballrooms;

Electronic game arcades (video games, pinball, etc.);

Children's gyms and recreation facilities;

Ice skating and roller skating;

Pool and billiard rooms;

Go-karts;

Waterslides;

Miniature golf courses.

Commercial complex.

A collection of three or more commercial uses.

Commercial signage.

Any sign sponsored by a commercial entity and whose prevailing message proposes a commercial transaction.

Commercial recreation facility.

A category of land uses to include the following subcategories (which are individually defined in this part):

Camping and picnicking;

Commercial amusement facility;

Golf course and country club;

Golf driving range;

Private swim club and recreation center.

Common interest development.

As defined by Civil Code Section 1351, common interest development means any of the following: a condominium project; a planned development; a stock cooperative.

Community apartment project.

A common interest development in which an undivided interest in land is coupled with the right of exclusive occupancy of any apartment located on it (Code of Civil Procedure Section 1351(d), Business and Professions Code Section 11004).

Community development director.

See "Director."

Condominium.

An estate in real property consisting of an undivided interest in common in a portion of the property together with a separate interest in space called a unit, the boundaries of which are described on a recorded final map, parcel map, or condominium plan. The condominium may be commercial, industrial, residential, or any combination (Civil Code Sections 783, 1351(f)).

Condominium conversion.

The conversion of an existing structure into separately owned commercial, industrial, or mixed-use units.

Contract construction.

Includes electrical; heating and air conditioning; flooring; plumbing and fire sprinkler; insulation; drywall; painting; landscaping, swimming pool installation; roofing; concrete and masonry; glass and glassing; similar contractors as determined by the Director. An establishment providing contract construction related services includes auto impoundment yards, building construction, general contractors and subcontractors. Outdoor construction vehicle storage is only permitted at contract construction facilities when outdoor storage is permitted.

Convenience market.

A food store limited to 2,500 square feet of gross floor area which carries a limited inventory of food, beverages, and convenience retail items.

Convenience retail (for the traveling public).

Stores and shops selling merchandise for the convenience of the traveling public, including commuters. Examples of these stores include but are not limited to convenience stores, bakeries, ice cream and frozen yogurt stores, coffee shops, retail florists, cellular telephone stores, and card and gift shops.

Corporate hangar.

An enclosed structure to hold corporate style aircraft in protective storage. Such hangars may include office space, rest room facilities as well as maintenance and parts storage areas.

Court or open space.

An open, unoccupied and unobstructed space, other than a required yard, on the same lot with a building or group of buildings, but not including any off-street parking or loading area, street or road right-of-way.

Coverage.

Building. The floor area of the largest story of a building divided by the total site area.

Accessory Structures. The sum of the footprint area of all structures on a lot.

County.

Alameda County.

County Recorder.

The Alameda County Recorder.

Cul-de-sac.

A street which connects to another public street only at one end and is not planned for later extension.

Crop production, horticulture, orchard, vineyard.

Commercial agricultural production field and orchard uses, including the production of the following, primarily in the soil on the site and not in containers, other than for initial propagation prior to planting in the soil on the site: field crops; flowers and seeds; fruits; grains; melons; ornamental crops; tree nuts; trees and sod; vegetables; wine and table grapes. Also includes associated crop preparation services and harvesting activities, such as mechanical soil preparation, irrigation system construction, spraying, crop harvesting, and sales in the field not involving a permanent structure.

Cultural resource, potential.

A property or structure with a Historic Preservation (HP) Overlay designation, or over 50 years of age, or on or potentially eligible for listing in a local, State or national historic register.

D. D Definitions.

Dance club.

Any dance open to the general public, whether or not a fee is charged for admission, but where such activity is in connection with any commercial activity.

Dangerous or objectionable elements.

Any land or building structure used or occupied in any manner so as to create any dangerous, injurious, noxious, or otherwise objectionable fire, explosive, or other hazard; noise or vibration, smoke, dust, odor, or other form of air pollution; heat, cold, dampness, electrical, or other disturbance; glare; liquid or solid refuse or wastes; or other substance, condition or elements in such manner or in such amount as to adversely affect the surrounding area or adjoining premises.

Days.

Calendar days unless this part or State law specifies otherwise.

Declaration.

The document (covenants, conditions, and restrictions (CC&Rs), or however titled) which contains the restrictive covenants of the development, consistent with California Civil Code Section 1353.

Dedication.

The transfer by a subdivider to a public entity of title to real property or an interest therein, or of an easement or right in real property, the transfer of facilities, the installation of improvements, or any combination of these (Government Code 66475.4(a)).

Department.

The City's Community Development Department.

Design.

Pertaining to subdivisions, design shall include all of the following:

Drainage and sanitary facilities and utilities, including alignments and grades;

Fire roads and firebreaks;

Grading;

Land to be dedicated for park or recreational purposes;

Location and size of all required easements and rights-of-way;

Parcel size and configuration;

Street alignments, grades and widths;

Traffic access; and

Other specific physical requirements in the plan and configuration of the entire subdivision as may be necessary to ensure consistency with, or implementation of, the General Plan or any applicable specific plan (Government Code Section 66418).

Designated public right-of-way.

The area within 10 feet of the face of curb and any backing lot landscaped easement areas.

Development.

The uses to which the land which is the subject of a map shall be put, the structures to be constructed on it, and all alterations of the land and construction incidental to the uses, structures, and land (Government Code Section 66418.1).

Development Code.

The Development Code of the City.

Development cost of a housing unit.

The construction valuation of the Building Permit, on and off-site costs including site development, design costs, and project administration costs, other than profit, and the cost of all permits, fees, and impact fees charged by the City, plus a percentage for the cost of the land.

Dilapidated sign.

A sign that is no longer in a good state of repair or constitutes a health or safety hazard.

Director.

The Community Development Director or his or her designee.

Display.

An item or arrangement of items indoors that is not attached to a window, door or wall.

District.

A portion of the territory of the City of Livermore within which certain uniform regulations and requirements or various combinations thereof apply under the provisions of this code.

Drive-in business.

Any business that either by design or operation provides services or products directly to occupants of a motor vehicle, except gasoline service stations.

Dwelling group.

A lot with more than one unit. Dwelling group types include:

Front-to-back group: Series of units in which the rear of the building which faces the street is faced by the front of a building to the rear.

Single row side-to-side group: Series of units that are so located on the lot that the rear thereof abuts upon one side yard and the front thereof abuts upon the other side yard.

Courtyard houses: Series of units that are so located on the lot that the rears thereof abut upon each side yard and the fronts thereof face a court.

Dwelling, group living.

Dwellings designed for occupancy of groups living together and having a central dining facility.

Dwelling unit.

A room or group of internally connected rooms that have sleeping, cooking, eating and sanitation facilities, but not more than one kitchen, which constitute an independent housekeeping unit, occupied by or intended for one household on a long-term basis.

E. E Definitions.

Electric sign.

A sign containing electrical circuits, but not including signs illuminated by an exterior light source.

Engineering geologist.

A geologist who is certified in the State of California to practice engineering geology. Engineering geology is the application of geologic knowledge and principles in the investigation and evaluation of naturally occurring rock and soil for use in the design of civil works.

Environmental analysis.

An analysis conducted in compliance with the provisions of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), California Public Resources Code Section 21000 et seq.

Essential services.

The erection, construction, alteration, or maintenance by public utilities or municipal or other governmental agencies of underground or overhead gas, electrical, steam or water transmission or distribution systems, collection, communication, supply or disposal systems, including poles, wires, mains, drains, sewers, pipes, conduits, cables, fire alarm boxes, police call boxes, traffic signals, hydrants, and other similar equipment and accessories in connection therewith reasonably necessary for the furnishing of adequate service by such public utilities or municipal or other governmental agencies or for the public health or safety or general welfare, but not including buildings or high transmission power lines.

F. F Definitions.

Family.

A person living alone, or two or more persons living together as a single housekeeping unit, including necessary servants, in a dwelling unit, as distinguished from a group occupying a boarding house, lodging house, motel or hotel, fraternity or sorority house.

Farm equipment sales and service.

The retail sale, rental, or repair of agricultural machinery, equipment, and supplies for use in soil preparation and maintenance, the planting and harvesting of crops, and other operations and processes pertaining to farming and ranching. Includes commercial farm equipment sales, rental and repair; farm and dairy supply and equipment repair; and feed sales.

Fast-food business.

A restaurant with a drive-through facility providing food service directly to occupants of a motor vehicle.

Final map.

A map showing a subdivision of five or more parcels prepared in compliance with the provisions of this part and the Subdivision Map Act (Government Code Section 66410 et seq.) and in a manner to be filed in the office of the County Recorder.

Financial services.

See "Bank, financial services."

Finding.

A statement that explains the analysis of the facts, regulations, and policies to support a decision.

Fitness facility.

A fitness center, gymnasium, or health and athletic club, which may include any of the following: sauna, spa or hot tub facilities; indoor tennis, handball, racquetball; archery and shooting ranges; and other indoor sports activities. Does not include adult entertainment businesses.

Fixed base operator (FBO).

A business operating at the airport that provides aircraft services to the general public, including but not limited to: aircraft sales, rental, maintenance, and repair; parking, tiedown, or storage of aircraft; flight training; air taxi/charter operations; and specialty services such as instrument and avionics maintenance, painting, overhaul, aerial application, and aerial photography. A "Full Service" FBO is engaged in the retail sale of aviation fuels and provides full fuel and line services to all based and transient general aviation aircraft.

Flag lot.

A lot having access from the building site to a public street by means of a private right-of-way strip that is owned in fee.

Flood Control District.

The Alameda County Flood Control and Water Conservation District, Zone 7.

Flood hazard.

Is the threat of overflow stormwaters having the capability to flood lands or improvements, transport or deposit debris, scour the surface soil, dislodge or damage structures, or erode the banks of channels.

Floor area.

The sum of the gross areas of all stories of a building, measured from the exterior faces of the exterior walls. The floor area shall include any building that has a roof and is enclosed so as to provide shelter from the elements on three or more sides.

Floor area ratio.

The floor area of the building divided by the total site area.

Floor coverage.

See "Coverage."

Food store.

A business establishment exceeding 2,500 square feet of gross floor area principally intended to provide retail food sales and related products and services otherwise permitted within the zoning district in which the business is located.

Footprint.

The area under an accessory structure as seen in plan view, measured horizontally from the outside of all exterior walls or supporting columns or posts at floor level (e.g., excluding eaves).

Freestanding sign.

A sign supported entirely or in part by the ground, including but not limited to a monument, pole, or similar sign.

Freeway-oriented use.

A use which is located within an I-580 quadrant, and is zoned highway service commercial (CHS).

Frontage types.

The transition area between the building facade and the lot line. See LDC Chapter 4.03 for a complete list of frontage types.

Fuel station, private.

A private motor fuel dispensing facility exclusively serving the business occupying the subject property and not involving either wholesale or retail sales of motor vehicle fuels to other individuals or businesses.

G. G Definitions.

Gallery.

A one or two-story structure enclosed by one wall and a roof that covers a sidewalk.

Garage, public.

A structure or portion thereof, other than a private garage, used for the storage, sale, hire, care, minor or major repair, or refinishing of self-propelled vehicles or trailers; except, that a structure or part thereof used only for storage or display of self-propelled passenger vehicles, but not for transients, and at which automobile fuels and oils are not sold and motor driven vehicles are not equipped, repaired or hired, shall not be deemed to be a public garage.

General Plan.

The City of Livermore General Plan, including all its elements and all amendments, as adopted by the City Council in compliance with Government Code Section 65300 et seq. and referred to in this Development Code as the "General Plan."

General retail.

Stores and shops selling many lines of merchandise. Examples of these stores and lines of merchandise include: bicycle sales, service, and rental; bookstores, except adult bookstores; apparel and accessories; bakeries; food stores (including convenience markets); furniture, home furnishings and appliances sales, service, and rental; miscellaneous retail (including candy or ice cream stores, drug stores, hobby or craft shops, liquor stores, jewelry stores, newsstands, specialty shops, variety stores, pet stores, or computer stores).

General retail (not of regional nature).

Locally-based stores or small scale shops selling various lines of merchandise. Includes the same type of stores and lines as "General retail," however, does not include large retail sale establishments (especially those which generate large amounts of vehicle trips such as a national retailer).

General Zones.

See "Non-Transect zones."

Golf course and country club.

This land use consists of golf courses and accessory facilities and uses including: clubhouses with bar and restaurant; locker and shower facilities; "pro shops" for on-site sales of golfing equipment and clothing; and golf cart storage and sales facilities.

Golf driving range.

An outdoor golf practice facility where fees are charged. Typically, a large, open field with teeing ground at one end. The landing area may be an empty field or target greens and yardage markers. May have practice putting greens and areas for chipping, pitching, and bunker practice.

Grazing.

The raising or keeping of cattle or other animals of similar size where feed is provided primarily by grazing when on-site resources are available.

Guest house.

A detached structure accessory to a single dwelling, accommodating living/sleeping quarters, but without kitchen or cooking facilities.

H. H Definitions.

Hazardous material.

Any material that, because of its quantity, concentration, or physical or chemical characteristics, poses a significant potential hazard to human health and safety or to the environment if accidentally released into the environment.

Health facility.

Residential and community care facilities for the elderly, alcoholism recovery, and homes for mentally disordered, handicapped, dependent and neglected children.

Hearing officer.

An impartial person, designated by the City Manager for the administrative citation hearing, see LMC Section 1.20.090.

Height.

Sloping Lot.

In any district on lots that slope, the maximum height of the structure shall be as set forth in the district and measured vertically from ground level at the front yard setback line, or if no yard is required, at the center of the lot.

Transect Zones, Primary Structure.

Height is determined in two ways: 1) number of stories and 2) maximum overall height.

a.

Number of stories. The number of stories in a structure allowed above grade. See "Story."

b.

Overall. The vertical distance between grade and the highest part of the structure directly above.

Non-Transect Zones, Primary Structure.

Height is the vertical distance from the average contact ground level at the front of the wall of the building to highest point of the coping of a flat roof or to the deck line of a mansard roof, or to the mean height level between the eaves and ridge for a gable, hip, or gambrel roof.

Accessory Dwelling Units.

For a detached, single-story accessory dwelling unit, the height shall be measured as the vertical distance between grade and the highest part of the structure directly above.

Accessory Structure.

For the purpose of establishing required setbacks, height shall be defined for every point within the footprint area of an accessory structure, including a treehouse, as the vertical distance between grade and the highest part of the structure directly above. Height in all cases shall include any slab, platform, pad, mound or similar elevated base above pre-existing grade.

Heritage resource.

See "Cultural resource, potential."

Historic Landmark, designated.

Any property with a Historic Preservation (HP) Overlay designation.

Historic Preservation Commission.

The City's Historic Preservation Commission, as described in LDC Section 9.13.050.

Home improvement sales and services.

Major. Home improvement services that include building materials (lumberyards); building materials and hardware; paint, glass and wallpaper; floor and window coverings; carpentry shop or custom woodworking or custom furniture; food lockers, rental for individual households; spa and pool sales, supplies, service and repair; and nursery sales (garden supply).

Minor. Home improvement services that include building materials and hardware, excluding lumber yards, paint, glass, wallpaper and floor covering; and miscellaneous repair services, including only establishments engaged in the repairing and servicing of household and business equipment, machines and furnishings.

Home occupations.

Any use conducted entirely within a dwelling and conducted only by the inhabitants thereof, which use is clearly incidental and secondary to the use of the dwelling for dwelling purposes and does not change the character thereof, and is not evidenced beyond the limits of the property by noise, light, smoke, odor, vibration, electrical interference, storage of material or equipment, abnormal human activity, or vehicular traffic or other exterior evidences.

Hotel or motel.

Any building or portion thereof containing seven or more guest rooms used, designed or intended to be used, let or hired out to be occupied by transients.

Housing development.

One or more groups of projects for residential units constructed in the City.

I. I Definitions.

I district.

Any I-1, I-2, or I-3 district as set forth in this code. Where certain uses in "any I district" are subject to certain regulations as contained herein, such regulations may apply in any of the above districts.

Icon sign.

A nonelectric sign with a message exclusively conveyed by an image/graphic form, placed perpendicular to a pedestrian walkway and attached to a building or wall. Registered trademarks/logos are not considered icon signs.

Illegal sign.

A sign constructed in violation of the standards set forth in LDC Chapter 4.06.

Illuminated sign.

A nonelectric sign illuminated by an exterior light source provided specifically for the purpose of sign illumination.

Improved.

An area which has been paved or planted and is permanently maintained as such.

Improvement plan.

An engineering plan submitted by a registered civil engineer showing the location and construction details of the streets, roads, drainage facilities, sanitary sewers, water mains and the pertinent structures and other on-tract and off-tract improvements required for a subdivision, as specified in LDC Section 10.05.040 (Improvement Plans).

Improvements.

Includes all of the following:

Bridges, curbs, driveways, flood control or storm-drainage facilities, freeways, gutters, interchanges, lighting facilities, overcrossings, public utilities, sanitary sewers and facilities, sidewalks, street work, traffic controls, water facilities, landscaping and fences to be installed by the subdivider on the land to be used for public rights-of-way, private streets and easements as a condition of map approval; and

Any other improvements necessary to implement the General Plan or a specific plan and as defined by Government Code Section 66419 (Government Code Sections 66419, 66452.6(a)(3)).

Incentive.

As applies to density bonuses, a regulatory or financial concession, grant, refund, or waiver which reduces or avoids project costs.

Industrial complex.

A collection of three or more industrial uses.

J. J Definitions.

Joint sign program.

An instance in which two or more freeway-oriented uses utilize one sign structure for display of signs.

Junk yard.

A place where waste, discarded or salvaged materials are bought, sold, exchanged, packed, baled, disassembled or handled, including auto wrecking yards, house wrecking yards, used lumber yards, and places or yards for storage of salvaged house wrecking and structural steel materials and equipment; but not including such places where such uses are conducted entirely within a completely enclosed building, and not including pawn shops and establishments for the sale, purchase or storage of used furniture and household equipment, used cars in operable conditions, or salvaged materials incidental to manufacturing operations.

K. K Definitions.

Kennel.

A commercial facility for the grooming, keeping, boarding or maintaining of five or more dogs (four months of age or older), or five or more cats except for dogs or cats for sale in pet shops, or in animal hospitals. Includes pet day care.

Kitchen.

A room that is utilized for the preparation of food and contains a kitchen sink.

L. L Definitions.

Labor camp.

A camp established in agricultural areas for transient labor.

Laboratory.

A facility for testing, experimenting, analysis, and/or research. Examples of this use include medical labs, soils and materials testing labs, and forensic labs.

Legal nonconforming sign.

A sign which was legally constructed under laws or regulations in effect at the time of construction which does not conform.

Live adult entertainment.

Refer to Chapter 5.08 LMC.

Live/Work.

A commercial land use with an integrated residential unit and work space, may be occupied and utilized by a single household or may be occupied and utilized separately.

Livermore Area Recreation and Park District.

A multifaceted agency that was created to provide recreation and parks. Also referred to as "LARPD."

Loading spaces, off-street.

Permanently improved and maintained areas contiguous to the site, not less than 12 feet in width, 25 feet in length, with a clearance height of not less than 16 feet.

Lodging.

See "Bed & Breakfast," "Hotel or Motel" or "Travel trailer park."

Lot.

See "Parcel."

Lot area.

The computed area contained within the lot or property lines.

Lot, corner.

A lot bounded on two or more adjacent sides by street lines at their intersection; provided, that the interior angle of intersection does not exceed 135 degrees, or a width not greater than 75 feet. The point of intersection is the corner.

Lot coverage.

See "Coverage."

Lot, interior.

A lot other than a corner lot.

Lot, irregular.

Any lot where the requirements of this Code cannot be clearly applied and must be established by the Director.

Lot line.

Any recorded boundary of a lot.

Lot line adjustment.

A shift or rotation of an existing lot line between four or fewer existing, adjoining parcels, where the land taken from one parcel is added to an adjoining parcel and where a greater number of parcels than originally existed are not created, as provided in LDC Section 10.04.030 (Government Code Section 66412(d)).

Lot line, rear.

A property line that does not intersect the front lot line, which is most distant from and most closely parallel to the front lot line.

Lot line, side.

Any lot line that is not a front or rear lot line.

Lot line, street.

A lot line separating the lot from a street.

Lot width and depth.

Lot width is the shorter average horizontal dimension, generally perpendicular to the longer average horizontal dimension, which is the depth.

M. M Definitions.

Major street.

A public street which is identified as a major street by the General Plan. It is a street which carries the major flow of traffic passing through or adjacent to a subdivision and for which the traffic entering or crossing from intersecting roads and streets may be controlled.

Major subdivision.

The subdivision of land into five or more parcels.

Major thoroughfares.

A roadway designated as arterial, major, or secondary highway, as identified in the Circulation Element, whose primary purpose is to carry through traffic and provide a network connecting to the State Highway System.

Mansard roof.

A roof characterized by two slopes, a steeply sloped roof that transitions to either a flat roof or roof sloped just enough to shed water. The steeply sloped roof often contains within an additional story of floor area/development.

Manufacturing/processing – heavy industrial.[1]

Uses in this category are distinguished by a tendency to create noise, odors, vibration, glare or hazards that may be objectionable in other areas. They often include the manufacturing/processing and/or outdoor storage of substantial amounts of raw materials or bulky items. Examples include, but are not limited to, metal products fabrication, truck terminals, saw and planing mills, and the manufacture of major utility components, construction and farm equipment, and/or heavy building materials. Examples also include the manufacturing, processing, storage, or packaging for distribution, or wholesaling of chemicals, petroleum, heavy agricultural products such as pesticides or fertilizers or other similar hazardous materials. Up to 15% of a use's floor area may be used for commercial retail purposes, selling products produced, manufactured or stored on site, as long as the commercial retail is clearly ancillary and subordinate to the primary use.

Manufacturing/processing – light industrial.[2]

Any manufacturing, processing, and storage that does not include hazardous wastes or resulting large truck usage/parking on the site. The use shall be accomplished entirely inside of the building except for incidental movement of products or materials into and out of the building to a delivery vehicle. Up to 15% of a use's floor area may be used for commercial retail purposes, selling products produced, manufactured or stored on site, as long as the commercial retail is clearly ancillary and subordinate to the primary use.

Manufacturing/processing – medium industrial.[3]

The manufacturing, assembling, processing, storage or packaging of products except: 1) uses manufacturing, processing, storage or packaging chemicals, petroleum, and heavy agricultural products or other hazardous materials, 2) vehicle-dismantling yards, scrap and waste yards. Medium intensity manufacturing and processing includes:

The manufacturing of electric and electronic circuits and instruments and devices, such as, but not limited to, radio and television, phonographic equipment, calculators, computers, semi-conductors and transistors, and similar uses.

The manufacturing, assembly, processing, storage, or packaging of products from previously prepared materials such as, but not limited to, cloth, plastic, paper, leather, and precious or semi-precious metals or stones, but not including such operations as saw and planing mills, any manufacturing uses involving primary production of wood, metal or chemical products from raw materials and similar uses.

The manufacturing of pharmaceutical products.

Master sign program.

A program which establishes sign development regulations and specifies an integrated sign design concept for commercial and industrial complexes and/or establishes a special sign design criteria for a specific type of sign for a zoning district.

Medical services – doctor office.

A facility other than a hospital where medical, dental, mental health, surgical, and/or other personal health care services are provided on an outpatient basis. Includes dental, medical, optical, x-ray laboratory offices. Counseling services by other than medical doctors or psychiatrists are included under "Offices – Professional/Administrative."

Medical services – extended care.

Residential facilities providing nursing and health-related care as a primary use with in-patient beds. Examples of these uses include: board and care homes; convalescent and rest homes; and skilled nursing facilities.

Medical services – urgent care, clinic.

A facility other than a hospital where medical, mental health, surgical and other personal health services are provided on an outpatient basis. Examples of these include:

Medical offices with four or more licensed practitioners and/or medical specialties;

Outpatient care facilities;

Urgent care facilities;

Other allied health services.

Meeting facility, public or private.

A facility for public or private meetings, including community centers, civic and private auditoriums, Grange halls, union halls, meeting halls for clubs and other membership organizations, etc. Also includes functionally related internal facilities such as kitchens, multi-purpose rooms, and storage. Does not include conference and meeting rooms accessory and incidental to another primary use that are typically used only by on-site employees and clients and occupy less floor area on the site than the offices they support. Does not include commercial entertainment facilities (see "Commercial amusement facility") or convention centers (see "Convention center").

Merger.

The joining of two or more contiguous parcels of land under one ownership into one parcel, as provided in LDC Section 10.04.040 (Parcel Mergers).

Metal products fabrication.

An establishment engaged in the production and/or assembly of metal parts, including the production of metal cabinets and enclosures, cans and shipping containers, doors and gates, duct work, forgings and stampings, hardware and tools, plumbing fixtures and products, tanks, towers, and similar products. Examples of these uses include: blacksmith and welding shops, sheet metal shops, plating, stripping, and coating shops, machine shops and boiler shops.

Minimum standards for commercial aeronautical activities.

Otherwise referred to as "Minimum Standards," means those qualifications, standards, and criteria set forth as the minimum requirements established as a condition for the right to engage in commercial aeronautical activities at the airport, and as they may be amended from time to time.

Minor subdivision.

The subdivision of land into four or fewer parcels.

Miscellaneous service uses.

Includes, but is not limited to, cleaning and janitorial service and supplies; locksmith; water purification and filtration; machine and welding shops; saw sharpening; stone cutting and products; glass and glass products; sheet metal.

Mobile home park.

Any site that is planned and improved to accommodate two or more mobile homes used for residential purposes, or on which two or more mobile home lots are rented, leased, or held out for rent or lease, or were formerly held out for rent or lease and later converted to a subdivision, cooperative, condominium, or other form of resident ownership, to accommodate mobile homes used for residential purposes.

Monument sign.

A sign whose supporting structure is 100% of the sign face, length and width, and whose supporting structure does not exceed the approved sign face area.

Mortuary.

A funeral home or parlor where deceased are prepared for burial or cremation and funeral services may be conducted. Does not include on-site cremation.

Motor fuel price sign.

A sign as specified in California Business and Professions Code Section 13530 et seq., with a message limited to that required by State law.

Multiple-use sign.

A sign used by two or more users.

[1]

Code reviser's note: the definitions for heavy, light and medium industrial manufacturing/processing were amended by Ord. 2151 but the text used in that ordinance was based on a version prior to being amended by Ord. 2143. The amendments of Ord. 2143 have been editorially preserved at the direction of the City.

[2]

Code reviser's note: the definitions for heavy, light and medium industrial manufacturing/processing were amended by Ord. 2151 but the text used in that ordinance was based on a version prior to being amended by Ord. 2143. The amendments of Ord. 2143 have been editorially preserved at the direction of the City.

[3]

Code reviser's note: the definitions for heavy, light and medium industrial manufacturing/processing were amended by Ord. 2151 but the text used in that ordinance was based on a version prior to being amended by Ord. 2143. The amendments of Ord. 2143 have been editorially preserved at the direction of the City.

N. N Definitions.

Neighborhood market.

A neighborhood serving retail store which carries a range of merchandise, including food products, oriented to daily convenience shopping needs.

Neighborhood serving retail.

Retail services that accommodate daily convenience shopping needs of the surrounding neighborhood, not including food products.

New construction.

The placement of uses or structures on a property upon which no existing construction has taken place. New construction shall include requests for new development under the provisions of a site plan approval, conditional use permit, subdivision, variance, zoning use permit, or building permit.

New use.

Any purpose for which land or premises, or a building or structure thereon, is improved, occupied, utilized, built or constructed for said purpose, which has not before existed on said land or premises, or any purpose for which a building or structure is rebuilt or reconstructed more than 60% of its then assessed value.

Night club.

A facility serving alcoholic beverages for on-site consumption, and providing entertainment, examples of which include live music and/or dancing, comedy, etc.

Noncommercial signage.

Any message which is determined not to be commercial (i.e., campaign signs or nonprofit signs).

Nonconforming parcel.

A parcel that was legally created before the effective date of this Development Code or amendment, and does not comply with the minimum area, depth, width, or other applicable requirements of this Development Code.

Nonconforming site improvements.

A site improvement (e.g., fences, landscaping, parking, walls, etc.) that conformed to the requirements of the previous Development Code that lawfully existed before the effective date of this Development Code or amendment, and does not conform to the present requirements of the zone in which it is located.

Nonconforming structure or building.

A structure or building that lawfully existed before the effective date of this Development Code or amendment, and does not conform to the present requirements of the zone in which it is located.

Nonconforming use.

A use of land and/or a structure (either conforming or nonconforming) that lawfully existed before the effective date of this Development Code or amendment, but which is no longer allowed in the zone in which it is located.

Non-street frontage.

Building facades that do not face a street or civic space.

Non-street frontage yard.

The space between a building facade that does not face a street.

Non-Transect zones.

Zones not conforming to any single band of the Transect and not starting with T.

O. O Definitions.

Office.

This Development Code distinguishes between the following types of offices. These do not include medical offices (see "Medical services – doctor office").

Business, service. An establishment providing direct services to consumers. Examples of this use include employment agencies, insurance agent offices, real estate offices, travel agencies, utility company offices, elected official satellite offices, etc. This use does not include financial and business institutions, which are separately defined (see "Bank, financial services").

Government. An administrative, clerical, or public contact and/or service office of a local, state, or federal government agency or service facility. Offices are located on publicly owned land and necessary for the administration of federal, State, county, and city governments or local agencies as defined in the Government Code. Includes post offices, but not bulk mailing distribution centers, which are under "Warehousing and Distribution Facility."

Professional, administrative. An office facility occupied by a business that provides professional services, or is engaged in the production of intellectual property. Examples of this use include: accounting, auditing and bookkeeping services; advertising agencies; attorneys; business associations, chambers of commerce; commercial art and design services; construction contractors (office facilities only); court reporting services; detective agencies and similar services; design services including architecture, engineering, landscape architecture, urban planning; educational, scientific and research organizations; financial management and investment counseling; literary and talent agencies; management and public relations services; media postproduction services; photographers and photography studios; political campaign headquarters; secretarial, stenographic, word processing, and temporary clerical employee services; writers' and artists' offices.

Off-site hazardous materials storage facility.

A facility, as defined in California Health and Safety Code Section 25117.1, that accepts hazardous wastes that are generated at another location (off-site) and serves more than one producer of hazardous waste.

Off-street parking.

An area located on private property available for public use for the short-term temporary storage of passenger vehicles, with or without the specific permission of the owner, including a public or private parking lot where parking is the principal use of the property.

Olive mill.

Boutique. Olive mill of 100 to 5,000 gallons, including indoor retail sales of processed products produced on-site and related products provided the retail sales portion shall not exceed 20% of the olive mill building area.

Large. Larger olive mills (greater than 5,000 gallons), including indoor retail sales of processed products produced on-site and related products, provided the retail sales do not exceed a maximum of 20% of the building area. Includes olive mill related uses, including on-site food preparation and sales, restaurant or delicatessen, non-olive-related retail sales, outdoor facilities for commercial food service or entertainment.

Open space easement.

See "Scenic easement or open space easement."

Open structure.

An accessory structure having a roof constructed of lattice or other roof material which allows light and air to pass through a minimum of 50% of the roof surface. Additionally, the sides of an open structure consist only of support posts and decorative or functional elements such as braces and railings such that light and air can pass through a minimum of 75% of each side. Open structures include but are not limited to trellises, trellis-like patio covers, and other shade structures. Play structures do not qualify as open structures, but are regulated as minor or major accessory structures.

Outdoor advertising structure, billboard or signboard.

Any structure or portion thereof, situated on private premises, on which lettered, figured or pictorial matter is displayed for advertising purposes or products not appurtenant to the use of the premises. This definition shall not include any sign used to display any official notices or bulletin boards wherein such bulletin boards used to display announcement of meetings to be held on premises wherein such bulletin boards are used to display announcement of meetings to be held on premises wherein such bulletin boards are located, nor shall it be held to include real estate signs advertising for sale or rent the property upon which it stands, name plates, or signs appurtenant to any use.

Outdoor sales display.

An area where customers are encouraged to examine and/or experience merchandise in their typical configuration and/or manner of use.

Outdoor storage building.

A building under 120 square feet, used primarily for storage of goods and materials, and is uninhabitable.

P. P Definitions.

Palm readers, psychics.

Businesses primarily engaged in providing personal services including, but not limited to, the practice of reading a person's character or future by studying the conformation of the physical structure of the body, a person's birth date, stars, planets, or by similar means.

Parcel.

A portion of land separate from others and delineated or described as a single integral unit on a subdivision map or by other map approved under the Subdivision Map Act.

Parcel map.

A map prepared for the purpose of dividing a legal parcel into four or fewer parcels and prepared in compliance with the provisions of this part and the Subdivision Map Act (Government Code Section 66426 et seq.) and in a manner to be recorded in the office of the County Recorder.

Park and recreational area, public.

Include playgrounds, public gardens, outdoor sports grounds, indoor sports structures within a park area, tot lots, passive park areas, and other areas of use to the general public for recreation or outdoor diversions, not including commercial recreation facilities (see "Commercial recreation facility").

Parlor, funeral home.

A room or chapel from which funeral services may be conducted.

Pedestrian orientation.

A physical structure or place with design qualities and elements that contribute to an active, inviting and pleasant place for pedestrians that typically includes most of the following elements:

Building facades that are highly articulated at the street level, with interesting uses of material, color, and architectural detailing, located directly behind the sidewalk;

Visibility into buildings at the street level;

A continuous sidewalk, with a minimum of intrusions into pedestrian right-of-way;

Continuity of building facades along the street with few interruptions in the progression of buildings and stores;

Signs oriented and scaled to the pedestrian rather than the motorist;

Pedestrian orientation may also include: design amenities related to the street level, such as awnings, paseos, and arcades; landscaping and street furniture.

Pedestrian oriented use.

A land use that is intended to encourage walk-in customers and that generally does not limit the number of customers by requiring appointments or otherwise excluding the general public. A pedestrian oriented use provides spontaneous draw from sidewalk and street due to visual interest, high customer turnover, and/or social interaction.

Pedestrian shed.

An area that is centered on a common destination, typically a one-quarter mile radius or 1,320 feet. Its size is related to average walking distances for the applicable neighborhood node. Pedestrian sheds are applied to structured communities. Subcategories of pedestrian sheds include:

Linear. A pedestrian shed that is elongated along an important mixed-use corridor such as a main street. A linear pedestrian shed extends approximately one-quarter mile from each side of the corridor for the length of its mixed-use portion.

Long. A pedestrian shed that is an average one-half mile radius or 2,640 feet, used when a transit stop (bus or rail) is present or proposed as the common destination. A long pedestrian shed represents approximately a 10-minute walk at a leisurely pace.

Network. A pedestrian shed adjusted for average walk times along thoroughfares.

Pennant.

Any lightweight flexible plastic, fabric, or other material, whether or not containing a message of any kind, suspended from a rope, wire, or string, in a series of three or more, designed to move in the wind.

Performance standards.

Regulations for the control of dangerous or objectionable elements.

Permanent sign.

A sign for which a sign permit is required and may be issued with no time limit.

Personal service (for the traveling public).

Establishments providing nonmedical services for the convenience of the traveling public, including commuters. Examples of these services include but are not limited to dry cleaners, barbers, beauty salons, printing and photocopying establishments, and mailing and shipping services.

Personal service shops.

Establishments providing nonmedical services to individuals as a primary use. Examples of these uses include: barber and beauty shops; garment pressing, repair and alteration; laundering, dry cleaning, laundromats; cleaning pickup stations; shoe repair shops; printing, limited to letterpress and duplication machines; therapeutic massage; vending machines. These uses may also include accessory retail sales of products related to the services provided.

Pharmacy.

Establishment that sells prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and other related products.

Places of assembly with fixed seating.

Gathering places furnished with permanent seating, including auditoriums, theaters, assembly hall, sports arenas, and stadiums.

Places of assembly without fixed seating.

Gathering places not furnished with permanent seating, including dance halls, exhibition halls, and gymnasiums.

Planned unit development permit.

A special permit regulated by the South Livermore Valley Specific Plan, approved by the City Council, authorizing buildings, structures, or uses, where a unit site development of large areas may allow a variation from exact site requirements of this code.

Planning Commission.

The City's Planning Commission, referred to in this Development Code as the Commission.

Plant factor.

A factor that when multiplied by reference evapotranspiration estimates the amount of water used by plants.

Plant nursery sales and garden supply.

Establishments engaged in the production and sale of ornamental plants and other garden products, grown under cover either in containers or in the soil on the site, or outdoors in containers. The outdoor production of ornamental plants in the soil on the site is instead included under "Agriculture."

Pole sign.

A sign wholly supported by a sign structure consisting of poles or posts in the ground.

Portable sign.

A temporary sign which is not fastened to its supporting surface, such as an A-frame or sandwich board.

Primary dwelling frontage.

See "Building frontage."

Printing and processing.

Establishments engaged in heavy print shop, typesetting, lithograph, silk screening (of printed materials only); graphics and art services; sign company; blueprinting; nonretail photographic processing and printing; art services.

Private street.

Any street not a public street.

Private swim club and recreation center.

A private facility for swimming and other recreational activities. A swimming pool shall be any pool, pond, lake or open tank located within or outside of a building and containing or normally capable of containing water to a depth at any point greater than one and one-half feet.

Projecting sign.

A sign, other than a wall sign, which projects from and is supported by a wall, building or structure.

Pub.

A business where alcoholic beverages are sold for on-site consumption, which are not part of a larger restaurant. Includes bars, taverns, pubs, and similar establishments where any food service is subordinate to the sale of alcoholic beverages. May also include beer brewing as part of a microbrewery ("brew-pub"), and other beverage tasting facilities.

Public and quasi-public.

Includes public, semi-public, and private elementary schools, high schools, civic buildings, community buildings and uses, and public utility uses including substations, governmental buildings, churches, museums, art galleries, fire houses, post offices, police stations, reservoirs, libraries, parks, essential services, hospitals and similar uses, any of which may have additional requirements to use set forth herein. Emergency shelters and supportive housing associated with one of the above public or quasi-public uses are included in this definition.

Public property.

Any property publicly owned outside of the designated public right-of-way.

Public street.

A street for which the right-of-way is owned by or offered for dedication to the public and accepted by the City.

Q. Q Definitions.

Quadrant.

Any of the four or fewer divisions around which an interchange of Interstate 580 is divided, where Interstate 580 is intersected by a cross street and connected by on- and/or off-ramps. The radius of a quadrant extends no further than 1,500 feet from the centerline of Interstate 580 and the interchange cross street.

R. R Definitions.

R district.

Any RS, RL, MFR, or RG district as set forth in this code. Where certain uses in "any R district" are subject to certain regulations as contained herein, such regulations may apply in any of the above districts.

Readerboard.

A nonelectrical sign announcing events taking place on-site, the message of which is periodically changed, not including time-temperature devices.

Recreational area.

Areas of active play or recreation such as sports fields, school yards, picnic grounds, or other areas with intense foot traffic.

Recycling facility.

Processor. A State-certified receiver of redeemable recycle materials providing either collection, storage, separation, distribution or primary reprocessing of recycled materials.

Retailed certified. A State-certified recycler providing convenient locations for consumers to redeem beverage containers pursuant to AB 2020.

Wholesale certified. A State-certified recycler providing both consumer redemption of beverage containers and collection of redeemable containers from other certified recyclers.

Registered civil engineer.

A civil engineer registered by the State and doing work consistent with the engineer's authority under the California Business and Professions Code and the State Board of Registration for Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors (Business and Professions Code Sections 6700, 8700).

Remainder or designated remainder.

That portion of an existing parcel which is designated on the required map as not a part of the subdivision. It is that portion not divided for the purpose of sale, lease, or financing. The remainder is not counted as a parcel for the purpose of determining whether a final or parcel map is required. A remainder of five acres or more need not be shown on the map, and its location need not be indicated as a matter of survey, but only by deed reference to the existing boundaries of the remainder (LDC Section 10.01.060C, Designated Remainder) (Government Code Section 66424.6).

Remodeling.

A change in the exterior of an existing structure by 25% or more of the current assessed value of the structure.

Renovation.

A structural change to the foundation, roof, floor, or exterior of load-bearing walls of a facility, or the extension of an existing facility to increase its floor area.

Alteration of an existing facility such as to significantly change its function, even if such renovation does not include any structural change to the facility.

Repair service – equipment, appliances, etc.

Miscellaneous repair services including only:

Business equipment and furnishings repair and service;

Household yard equipment and appliance repair and service; and

Audio, video and computer repair and service.

Research and development facility.

A facility for scientific research, and the design, development and testing of electrical, electronic, magnetic, optical and computer and telecommunications components in advance of product manufacturing, and the assembly of related products from parts produced off-site, where the manufacturing activity is secondary to the research and development activities. Includes pharmaceutical, chemical and biotechnology research and development. Does not include laboratories for the testing of soil and other materials (see "Laboratory").

Restaurant, cafe or coffee shop.

Any room, building, place or portion thereof intended to provide seated and/or take-out service of food selections, prepared on the premises, typically appropriate for a complete breakfast, lunch or dinner meal, but excluding bakeries, specialty coffee and similar retail establishments providing incidental seating/table accommodations for the convenience of the retail customer. Does not include fast-food or drive-in facilities (see "Restaurant, fast food" and "Drive-in business").

Restaurant, fast food.

A restaurant with a drive-through facility providing food service directly to occupants of a motor vehicle.

Restricted unit.

A unit which is affordable to very-low- or low-income households as defined in the housing element of the City of Livermore General Plan and approved pursuant to this section.

Review Authority.

The individual or official City body (the Community Development Director, Planning Commission, or City Council) identified by this Development Code as having the responsibility and authority to review, and approve or disapprove the permit applications described in Part 9 (Permits and Approvals).

Roof sign.

A sign erected upon or above any part of a roof or parapet of a building or structure.

Rooming and/or boarding.

A residence or dwelling, other than a hotel, wherein three or more rooms, with or without individual or group cooking facilities, are rented to individuals under separate rental agreements or leases, either written or oral, whether or not an owner, agent, or rental agent is in residence.

Run-up.

Aircraft engine operation above normal idle power for purposes other than initiating taxi or takeoff.

S. S Definitions.

Scenic easement or open space easement.

An easement granted to the public whereby the owner relinquishes or limits the right to construct improvements on the land (Government Code Section 51051, Civil Code Section 815.1).

School.

Public-supported, private or parochial institutions conducting regular academic instruction at preschool, kindergarten, elementary, secondary and collegiate levels. Includes the following facilities:

Elementary, Middle, Secondary. A public or private academic educational institution, including elementary (kindergarten through 5th or 6th grade), middle and junior high schools (6th or 7th and 8th grades), secondary and high schools (9th through 12th grades). May also include any of these schools that also provide room and board.

Specialty. A school that provides education, tutoring, and/or training, including vocational training, in limited subjects. Examples of these schools include: art schools; ballet and other dance schools; business, secretarial and vocational schools; drama schools; driver education schools; establishments providing courses by mail or electronic; language schools; martial arts; music schools; professional schools (law, medicine, etc.); seminaries/religious ministry training facilities. Does not include preschools and child day care facilities (see "Child day care"). See also the definition of "Studio – photography, art, martial arts, music, etc." for smaller-scale facilities offering specialized instruction.

School, private.

See "School," above.

School, specialty.

See "School," above.

Senior housing.

Housing developed for residents aged 62 years or older, or 55 years or older in a senior citizen housing development of 35 units or more (Civil Code Section 51.3(c)).

Service facilities.

On-site facilities that support grounds maintenance, landscaping, and minor repair service relative to a mobile home park.

Set aside unit.

A dwelling unit set aside for sale or rental at an affordable price, which conforms to the requirements of LDC Chapter 10.06.

Setback.

The distance by which a structure, parking area or other development feature must be separated from a lot line, other structure or development feature, or street centerline.

Shopping center.

A group of retail stores and/or service establishments on a site of at least three acres where restaurant uses do not occupy more than 25% of the building floor area. The establishments must provide a diversity of services that are designed to serve the neighborhood or the community.

Sign.

A device, fixture, placard, structure or painting that uses any color, form, graphic, illumination, symbol, or writing to advertise or announce the purpose of a person or entity, or to communicate information of any kind to the public.

Sign area.

The total area of any portion of a structure to which any message is affixed.

Sign copy.

The actual area of any words, letters, numbers, designs, figures or other symbolic presentation incorporated into a sign with the purpose of attracting attention to the subject matter.

Sign face.

The portion of a sign that is used for displaying sign copy, together with any frame, color, panel, ornamental molding, or condition which forms an integral part of the sign copy and which is used to differentiate such sign copy from any wall or background against which it may be placed. Those portions of the supports, uprights or base of a sign that do not function as a sign shall not be considered as part of a sign face.

Sign permit.

A type of permit required before the City may grant a Building Permit for a sign, in compliance with LDC Chapter 9.07 (Site Plan and Design Review).

Site identification sign.

A sign, other than a readerboard, which serves to inform only of the name, address and lawful uses of the premises upon which the sign is located (and which may include a trademark or symbol of a business).

Site plan.

A base sheet that includes the basic information that will appear on all plans, such as natural features, roads, buildings, or other structures to remain on-site.

Soil engineer.

A State-registered civil engineer whose field of expertise is soil mechanics.

Special architectural elements.

Church spires, belfried cupolas and domes, monuments, corner or entry towers on residential units, and other similar architectural elements.

Special event permit.

In general, any organized activity involving the use of or having an impact upon public property and as regulated by Chapter 12.45 LMC.

Specialized aviation service operator (SASO).

A commercial operator engaged in providing a single aeronautical service, or a combination of aeronautical services, including, but not limited to, aircraft maintenance, avionics or instrument maintenance, aircraft rental and/or flight training, aircraft charter or aircraft management, aircraft sales, and/or aircraft storage. A SASO is not permitted to engage in aeronautical activities involving aviation fuel.

Specific Plans.

A detailed plan for the systematic implementation of the General Plan, for all or part of the area covered by the General Plan, as authorized by Government Code Sections 65450 et seq.

Stake sign.

A sign constructed of paper or plastic mounted on one or more stakes, sticks, or rods made of wood or metal, or rigid wire pushed or hammered into the ground, and the top of which is less than 36 inches above the ground.

Standard engineering specifications.

Those standard specifications and standard details for public improvements prepared by the City Engineer and adopted by Council resolution.

State.

The State of California.

Stock cooperative.

A common interest development in which a corporation is formed primarily for the purpose of holding title to improved real property, and substantially all of the shareholders receive a right of exclusive occupancy in a portion of the property (Civil Code Section 1351(m), Business and Professions Code Section 11003.2).

Storage.

Includes:

Contractor storage yard. Outdoor storage facilities operated by or on behalf of a contractor licensed by the State of California for storage of large equipment, vehicles, and/or other materials commonly used in the individual contractor's type of business. May also include truck terminals and buildings or structures for uses such as repair facilities. Does not include vehicle dismantling yards, scrap and waste yards. May include an accessory office. A contractor's office located away from a storage facility is included under the definition of "Office – business, service."

Outdoor. The storage of various materials outside of a structure other than fencing, either as an accessory or primary use.

Self-storage facility. A structure containing generally small, individual compartments, stalls, or lockers rented as individual storage spaces and characterized by low parking demand.

Storefront use.

Ground level walk-in retail activity.

Story.

The portion of a building included between the surface of any floor and the surface of the next floor above it, or if there is no floor above, the space between the floor and the ceiling above.

Story, first.

The lowest story or the ground story of any building, the floor of which is not more than 12 inches below the average contact ground level at the exterior walls of the building; except that any basement or cellar used for residence purposes, other than for a janitor or caretaker or his family, shall be deemed the first story.

Story, half.

A partial story under a gable, hip, or gambrel roof, the wall plates of which on at least two opposite exterior walls are not more than four feet above the floor of such story; provided, however, that any partial story used for residence purposes, other than for a janitor or caretaker and his or her family, shall be deemed a full story.

Story, mezzanine.

A story which covers one-third or less of the area of the story directly underneath it. A mezzanine story shall be deemed a full story in case it covers more than one-third of the area of the story directly underneath said mezzanine story.

Street.

A strip of land which provides direct access to parcels. Street includes a public or private street, alley, avenue, court, crossing, highway, intersection, lane, road, or square.

Street frontage.

Pertaining to signage, the lineal length of that portion of a parcel abutting a street.

Structural alteration.

Any change in the structural members of a building or structure, such as walls, columns, beams or girders.

Studio – photography, art, martial arts, music, etc.

A small-scale facility, typically accommodating one group of students at a time, in no more than one instructional space. Larger facilities are included under the definition of "Schools – specialty." Examples of these facilities include: individual and group instruction and training in the arts, martial arts, music, photography and the processing of photographs produced only by users of the studio facilities. Also includes production studios for individual painters, sculptors, photographers, and other artists.

Subdivider.

An association, corporation, firm, partnership, or person that proposes to divide, divides, or causes to be divided real property into a subdivision for that person/entity or others, except that employees and consultants of the person/entity, acting in the capacity, are not subdividers (Government Code Section 66423).

Subdivision.

The division of land for the purpose of sale, lease, or financing, whether immediate or future. The land may be improved or unimproved and is that land shown on the latest equalized County assessment roll as a unit or as contiguous units. Property is considered as contiguous units even if it is separated by roads, streets, utility easements, or railroad rights-of-way. Subdivision includes condominium projects, community apartment projects, and stock cooperatives (Government Code Section 66424).

Subdivision Map Act (the Act).

Government Code Division 2, Subdivisions, Sections 66410 et seq., as it may be replaced or amended from time to time, and referred to in this part as the Act.

Subdivision or sales office, equipment and material yard.

A temporary subdivision or building construction office, including sales office, equipment and material yard, and other temporary appurtenant uses.

Superstore.

A store that typically offers diverse products and customer services, centralized cashiering, and a full-service grocery store under the same roof that shares entrances and exits. Such stores meet the following criteria regarding gross floor area and sales floor area: (1) such stores exceed 90,000 square feet of gross floor area; and (2) such stores devote a portion of their sales floor area to the sale of nontaxable merchandise in an amount equal to or exceeding 10% of the sales floor area or 10,000 square feet, whichever is less. "Sales floor area" means only interior building space devoted to the sale of merchandise, and does not include restrooms, office space, storage space, automobile service areas, or open-air garden sales space. "Nontaxable merchandise" means products, commodities, or items the sale of which is not subject to California State sales tax. These stores are often the only ones on the site, but they can also be found in mutual operation with a related or unrelated garden center or service station. Superstores are also sometimes found as separate parcels within a retail complex with their own dedicated parking area. The superstore definition does not include a discount club store, where shoppers pay a membership fee in order to take advantage of discounted prices on a wide variety of items such as food, clothing, tires, and appliances, and many items sold in large quantities or bulk.

Swimming pool, public or private.

Any pool, pond, lake or open tank located within or outside of a building, and containing or normally capable of containing water to a depth at any point greater than one and one-half feet. If applicable, see also "Private swim club and recreation center."

T. T Definitions.

Tavern.

See "Pub."

Temporary sign.

A sign intended to be displayed for a limited period of time only.

Temporary use permit.

A type of discretionary permit which, if approved, would allow the use of land that is properly designed, operated and occupies a site for a limited time, typically less than 12 months, in compliance with LDC Chapter 9.09 (Temporary Use Permits). Examples of temporary uses include: art shows, charitable functions, seasonal sales lots.

Tentative map.

A map showing the design and improvement of a proposed division of land and the existing conditions in and around it. The tentative map is the first step in the preparation and filing of a final or parcel map. Whenever the term tentative map is used in this part, it also includes a vesting tentative map.

Theater, cinema or performing arts.

A facility for group entertainment, other than sporting events. Examples of these facilities include: civic theaters, facilities for live theater and concerts, and movie theaters.

Tract map.

See "Final map."

Trailer.

A vehicle designed for carrying persons or property on its own structure and for being drawn by a motor vehicle and so constructed that no part of its weight rests upon any other vehicle. The term "trailer" shall also include, but not be limited to, vehicles designed for use as mobile homes or other sleeping quarters; for the conduct of any business, trade, or occupation; for advertising, exhibition, or sales purposes; and for the storage or conveyance of animals, goods, tools, machinery, boats and other equipment. For purposes of this section, the term shall include an unmounted camper top, boat, or similar device which is designed to be or is usually carried or mounted on a trailer or other vehicle.

Transect zones.

All zones starting with a T Unit. Transect zones focus on the physical intensity of the built form and the complexity of uses.

Travel trailer park.

A site where one or more lots are used, or are intended to be used, by travel trailers. Travel trailer parks may include public restrooms, water, sewer, and electric hookups to each lot and are intended as a higher-density, more intensively developed use than campgrounds. May include accessory retail uses where they are clearly incidental and intended to serve travel trailer park patrons only.

U. U Definitions.

Usable open space.

Common or private open space, excluding the following:

Required front yards;

Areas devoted to parking, driveways, and maneuvering areas;

Open space at grade less than 10 feet in its minimum dimension;

Patios, balconies, or decks less than seven feet in their minimum dimension.

Used merchandise stores.

Sale of nonspecialty used goods consisting of primarily household items. Does not apply to specialty goods including but not limited to books, antique merchandise, jewelry, stamps or coins.

Use, principal.

The main or primary use or uses conducted on a parcel or located within a building or within a portion of a building which is separated structurally from other uses within the same building, not to include an accessory use as defined herein or a subordinate department of a main or primary use.

Use, temporary.

The use of land or premises or a building thereon for a limited period of time which does not change the character of the site, premises, or uses therein.

V. V Definitions.

Variance.

See LMC Chapter 9.10 (Variances and Minor Variances).

Vehicle services.

Automobile repair garage.

A service for general repair, rebuilding or reconditioning of engines, motor vehicles or trailers; towing service, collision service including body or frame, straightening or repair, overall painting, or paint shop. Includes businesses dealing in used parts; auto wrecking and salvage; and tire recapping establishments.

Automobile service center.

Vehicle services in conjunction with a department store or as part of a shopping center or mall development.

Veterinary clinic, animal hospital.

See "Animal-keeping facility."

Vesting tentative map.

A tentative map for a subdivision that has printed conspicuously on its face the words "vesting tentative map" at the time it is filed with the City, and is processed in compliance with LDC Section 10.02.100 (Vesting on Approval of Vesting Tentative Map) (Government Code Section 66424.5).

W. W Definitions.

Wall sign.

A sign attached to or constructed against the wall of a building or structure, with the exposed face of the sign in a plane parallel to the plane of the wall.

Warehousing and distribution facility.

An establishment engaged in selling of their own products or merchandise to retailers, also known as business-to-business distribution, such as to contractors, industrial, commercial, institutional, farm, or professional business users; or to other wholesalers. Warehousing and distribution facilities may also be accessory to permitted manufacturing/processing uses. Does not include warehousing and distribution facilities – e-commerce/third-party logistics, which is defined separately below.

Warehousing and distribution facility – e-commerce/third-party logistics (3PL).

An establishment engaged in storing, processing, packaging, shipping, and distributing goods and merchandise to consumers from e-commerce, online, and mail order retail, also known as business-to-consumer distribution. Facilities include fulfillment/distribution, sorting, and delivery centers.

Winery.

Boutique. Winery which annually produces 100 to 5,000 cases, including indoor retail sales of processed products produced on-site and related products provided the retail sales portion shall not exceed 20% of the facilities building area. A boutique winery shall provide at least two of the following four activities on-site: crushing, fermentation, bulk aging/storing, and bottling.

Small. Winery which annually produces 5,000 to 10,000 cases. Maximum site area of three acres, with up to 10,000 square feet of building area, including space allocated bottling/crushing activities, lab and office space, tasting room, storage, indoor events rooms, and a small outdoor event or picnic area. A small winery shall provide two of the following four activities on-site: crushing, fermentation, bulk aging/storage, and bottling.

Medium. Winery which annually produces 70,000 to 100,000 cases. Maximum site area of eight acres, with up to 50,000 square feet of building area, including space allocated to bottling/crushing facilities, lab and office space, tasting room, storage, an indoor events room, and a small outdoor event or picnic area. A medium winery shall provide at least two of the following four activities on-site: crushing, fermentation, bulk aging/storage, and bottling.

Large. Wineries which annually produce greater than 100,000 cases. No minimum site area is required.

X. X Definitions. No specialized terms beginning with the letter X are defined at this time.

Y. Y Definitions.

Yard, front.

An actual or required open space extending across the front of a lot and bounded by side or rear lot lines, a public right-of-way, and the actual setback of a building or that setback required for the district in which the lot is located.

Yard, non-street frontage.

Any side or rear yard not contiguous to a public right-of-way. Such yard shall be measured laterally from the nearest part of that portion of a main building facing said side or rear yard toward the nearest point of the lot line.

Yard, rear.

An actual or required open space bounded by one or more yards, the actual setback of a building or that setback required for the district in which the lot is located, and a property line.

Yard, side.

An actual or required open space bounded by the required front yard setback line, the actual setback of a building or that setback required for the district in which the lot is located, and a property line.

Yard, street frontage.

Any front, side, or rear yard contiguous to a street. Such yard shall be measured laterally between any part of the street side of the building and the street right-of-way line; provided, however, that if any future right-of-way line has been established for the street upon which the lot faces, then such measurement shall be taken from such future width line to the nearest line of the building.

Z. Z Definitions.

Zero lot line.

A building or structure that is placed on the property line.

Zoning districts.

See "Districts."

Zoning map.

The zoning map(s) of the City of Livermore, California, together with all amendments.

Zoning use permit.

A permit issued by the Director determining that any proposed building, structures, or uses are consistent with the terms of this code and to ensure a means for carrying out and enforcing its requirements.

(Formerly 11.01.020; Ord. 1902 § 3, 2010; Ord. 1903 § 3 (Exh. C), 2010; Ord. 1909 § 3, 2010; Ord. 1915 § 3 (Exh. C), 2010; Ord. 1927 § 3 (Exh. B), 2011; Ord. 1947 § 3 (Exh. A), 2011; Ord. 2018 § 3 (Exh. A), 2015; Ord. 2070 § 3 (Exh. C), 2018; Ord. 2077 § 1 (Exh. A), 2018; Ord. 2082 § 2(BB, CC, DD), 2019; Ord. 2099 § 3, 2020; Ord. 2120 § 4, 2020; Ord. 2143 § 3 (Exh. B), 2023; Ord. 2151 § 8, 2023; Ord. 2166 § 3, 2024; Ord. 2171 § 3 (Exh. B), 2025; Ord. 2178, 7/14/2025)