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Appendix BK — COB CONSTRUCTION (MONOLITHIC ADOBE)

Section BK108 — FIRE RESISTANCE

2025 California Residential Code (Title 24, Part 2.5) · 2025 edition · updated 2026-07-27 · California

Italicized text is a California amendment to the model code, as printed in the official publication.

BK108.1 Fire-resistance rating.

Cob walls that comply with Table BK108.1 have a 2-hour fire-resistance rating.

TABLE BK108.1—TWO-HOUR FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED COB WALLS

ALLOWABLE SUPER-
IMPOSED LOAD
(plf)		 DENSITYa, d
(pcf)		 MINIMUM COMPRES-
SIVE STRENGTH PER
SECTION BK106.6.1
(psi)		 WALL-TYPE
REINFORCEMENT
PER TABLE
BK105.3		 MINIMUM
THICKNESSc, e, f AT
TOP OF WALL
(inches)		 MINIMUM
THICKNESSc, e, f AT
BOTTOM OF WALL
(inches)
1,200 100 85 E 9 12
475 ≥ 50 pcf: less than
40 inches from top of wall		 40b E or F 8 12
475 ≥ 70 pcf: from 40 inches to 80
inches from top of wall		 55b 55b 55b 55b
475 ≥ 90 pcf: more than 80 inches
from top of wall		 85 85 85 85
Nonload bearing 50 to 100 ≥ 60 psi
< 60 psib		 E or F 9 9
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound = 0.45 kg, 1 pound per cubic foot = 16.02 kg/m3.
a.
Density is to be measured at equilibrium moisture content. Average wall density shall be within ±5 pcf of the tabulated value.
b.
Requires an approved engineered design per Section BK106.6.
c.
Cob thickness only. The interior and exterior cob faces shall be permitted to be unfinished or receive any plaster finish allowed by this appendix.
d.
Cob walls with more than one density shall be built with heavier densities below lighter densities.
e.
Minimum cob wall thickness shall be whichever is greater in Tables BK105.3, BK106.11(1) and BK108.1.
f.
Wall thicknesses less than 10 inches require an engineered design.

BK108.2 Clearance to fireplaces and chimneys.

Cob walls or other cob surfaces shall not require clearance to fireplaces and chimneys, except where clearance to noncombustibles is required by the manufacturer’s instructions.

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▸ Contents — 2025 California Residential Code (Title 24, Part 2.5)
2025 California Residential Code (Title 24, Part 2.5)
  1. Chapter 1 — ADMINISTRATION
  2. Chapter 2 — DEFINITIONS
  3. Chapter 3 — BUILDING PLANNING
  4. Chapter 4 — FOUNDATIONS
  5. Chapter 5 — FLOORS
  6. Chapter 6 — WALL CONSTRUCTION
  7. Chapter 7 — WALL COVERING
  8. Chapter 8 — ROOF-CEILING CONSTRUCTION
  9. Chapter 9 — ROOF ASSEMBLIES
  10. Chapter 10 — CHIMNEYS AND FIREPLACES
  11. Chapter 44 — REFERENCED STANDARDS
  12. Appendix AA — BOARD OF APPEALS
  13. Appendix AB — PERMIT FEES
  14. Appendix AC — RESERVED
  15. Appendix BA — RESERVED
  16. Appendix BB — TINY HOUSES
  17. Appendix BC — RESERVED
  18. Appendix BD — RESERVED
  19. Appendix BE — RADON CONTROL METHODS
  20. Appendix BF — PATIO COVERS
  21. Appendix BG — SOUND TRANSMISSION
  22. Appendix BH — AUTOMATIC VEHICULAR GATES
  23. Appendix BI — LIGHT STRAW-CLAY CONSTRUCTION
  24. Appendix BJ — STRAWBALE CONSTRUCTION
  25. ▸ Appendix BK — COB CONSTRUCTION (MONOLITHIC ADOBE)
    Overview
    1. Section BK101 — GENERAL
    2. Section BK102 — DEFINITIONS
    3. Section BK103 — MATERIALS, MIXING AND INSTALLATION
    4. Section BK104 — FINISHES
    5. Section BK105 — COB WALLS—GENERAL
    6. Section BK106 — COB WALLS—STRUCTURAL
    7. Section BK107 — COB FLOORS
    8. Section BK108 — FIRE RESISTANCE
    9. Section BK109 — THERMAL PERFORMANCE
    10. Section BK110 — REFERENCED STANDARDS
  26. Appendix BL — HEMP-LIME (HEMPCRETE) CONSTRUCTION
  27. Appendix BM — 3D-PRINTED BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
  28. Appendix BN — EXTENDED PLATE WALL CONSTRUCTION
  29. Appendix BO — EXISTING BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES
  30. Appendix CA — RESERVED
  31. Appendix CB — RESERVED
  32. Appendix CC — RESERVED
  33. Appendix CD — RESERVED
  34. Appendix CE — RESERVED
  35. Appendix CF — RESERVED
  36. Appendix CG — NONSEWERED SANITATION SYSTEMS
  37. Appendix CH — PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL
  38. Appendix CI — SWIMMING POOL SAFETY ACT
  39. Appendix CJ — EMERGENCY HOUSING
  40. Appendix CK — AREAS PROTECTED BY THE FACILITIES OF THE CENTRAL…

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