Where are smoke alarms required versus automatic smoke detection and interconnection rules?

Grounded in the retrieved California Fire Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

• CFC § 17.7.3.2.4 High relevance — show source text

  _ (8) Smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall not be installed within a 36-inch (910 mm) horizontal path from the supply regis- ters of a forced air heating or cooling system and shall be installed outside of the direct airflow from those registers. (9) Smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall not be installed within a 36-inch (910 mm) horizontal path from the tip of the blade of a ceiling-suspended (paddle) fan unless the room configuration restricts meeting this requirement. (10) Where stairs lead to other occupied levels, a smoke alarm or smoke detector shall be located so that smoke rising in the stairway cannot be prevented from reaching the smoke alarm or smoke detector by an intervening door or obstruction.

  (11) For stairways leading up from a basement, smoke alarms or smoke detectors shall be located on the basement ceiling near the entry to the stairs. (12) For tray-shaped ceilings (coffered ceilings), smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall be installed on the highest portion of the ceiling or on the sloped portion of the ceiling within 12 inches (300 mm) vertically down from the highest point. (13) Smoke alarms and detectors installed in rooms with joists or beams shall comply with the requirements of 17.7.3.2.4 of NFPA 72.

  (14) Heat alarms and detectors installed in rooms with joists or beams shall comply with the requirements of 17.6.3 of NFPA 72.

  *For additional requirements or clarification see NFPA 72.

  907.2.11.9 Existing Group R occupancies. See the California Residential Code for existing Group R-3 occupancies or Chapter 11 of the California Fire Code for all other existing Group R occupancies.

  [F] 907.2.12 Special amusement areas. Fire detection and alarm systems shall be provided in special amusement areas and throughout the exit access to the point of exit discharge in accordance with Section 411.3.

  [F] 907.2.13 High-rise buildings and Group I-2 occupancies having occupied floors located more than 75 feet above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access. High-rise buildings and Group I-2 occupancies having occupied floors located more than 75 feet above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access shall be provided with an automatic smoke detection system in accordance with Section 907.2.13.1, a fire department communication system in accordance with Section 907.2.13.2 and an emergency voice/alarm communication system in accordance with Section 907.5.2.2.

  Exceptions:

  1. Airport traffic control towers in accordance with Sections 412 and 907.2.22.
  2. Open parking garages in accordance with Section 406.5.
  3. Buildings with an occupancy in Group A-5 in accordance with Section 303.1.
  4. Low-hazard special occupancies in accordance with Section 503.1.1.
  5. Buildings with an occupancy in Group H-1, H-2 or H-3 in accordance with Section 415.
  6. In Group I-2 and R-2.1 occupancies, the alarm shall sound at a constantly attended location and occupant notification shall be broadcast by the emergency voice/alarm communication system.
• CFC § 18001.8. High relevance — show source text

  (5) A fire alarm system with smoke detectors installed in accordance with the State Fire Marshal’s regulations may be installed in lieu of smoke alarms required pursuant to paragraph (1) or (2) of this subdivision, or paragraph (3) of subdivision (d).

  (b) “Dwelling units intended for human occupancy,” as used in this section, includes a duplex, lodging house, apartment complex, hotel, motel, condominium, stock cooperative, time-share project or dwelling unit of a multiple-unit dwelling complex. For the purpose of this part, “dwelling units intended for human occupancy” does not include manufactured homes as defined in Section 18007, mobilehomes as defined in Section 18008, and commercial coaches as defined in Section 18001.8.

  (c) A high-rise structure, as defined in subdivision (b) of Section 13210 and regulated by Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 13210), and which is used for purposes other than as dwelling units intended for human occupancy, is exempt from the require- ments of this section.

  (d) (1) The owner shall be responsible for testing and maintaining alarms in hotels, motels, lodging houses, apartment complexes and other multiple-dwelling complexes in which units are neither rented nor leased.

  (2) The owner of a hotel, motel, lodging house, apartment complex or other multiple-dwelling complex in which units are rented or leased, and commencing January 1, 2014, the owner of a single-family dwelling that is rented or leased, shall be responsible for testing and maintaining alarms required by this section as follows:

  (A) An owner or the owner’s agent may enter any dwelling unit, efficiency dwelling unit, guest room and suite owned by the owner for the purpose of installing, repairing, testing and maintaining single station smoke alarms required by this section. Except in cases of emergency, the owner or owner’s agent shall give the tenants of each such unit, room or suite reasonable notice in writing of the intention to enter and shall enter only during normal business hours. Twenty-four hours shall be presumed to be reasonable notice in absence of evidence to the contrary.

  (B) At the time that a new tenancy is created, the owner shall ensure that smoke alarms are operable. The tenant shall be responsible for notifying the manager or owner if the tenant becomes aware of an inoperable smoke alarm within his or

  2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 11-11

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  CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS

  her unit. The owner or authorized agent shall correct any reported deficiencies in the smoke alarm and shall not be in violation of this section for a deficient smoke alarm when he or she has not received notice of the deficiency.

  (3) On or before January 1, 2016, the owner of a dwelling unit intended for human occupancy in which one or more units is rented or leased shall install additional smoke alarms, as needed, to ensure that smoke alarms are located in compliance with current building standards. Existing alarms need not be replaced unless the alarm is inoperable. New smoke alarms installed in compliance with current building standards may be battery operated provided the alarms have been approved by the State Fire Marshal for sale in the state. This paragraph shall not apply to fire alarm systems with smoke detectors, fire alarm devices that connect to a panel, or other devices that use a low-power radio frequency wireless communication signal.

  (e) A violation of this section is an infraction punishable by a maximum fine of two hundred dollars ($200) for each offense.

• CFC § 0.91 High relevance — show source text

  would prohibit the placement of a smoke alarm or smoke detector required by other sections of the code. Smoke alarms listed for use in close proximity to a permanently installed cooking appliance. (5) Installation near bathrooms. Smoke alarms shall be installed not less than a 3 foot (0.91 m) horizontal distance from the door or opening of a bathroom that contains a bathtub or shower unless this would prevent placement of a smoke alarm required by other sections of the code.

  (6) Smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall not be installed within a 36 in. (910 mm) horizontal path from the supply registers of a forced air heating or cooling system and shall be installed outside of the direct airflow from those registers. (7) Smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall not be installed within a 36 in. (910 mm) horizontal path from the tip of the blade of a ceiling-suspended (paddle) fan. (8) Where stairs lead to other occupied levels, a smoke alarm or smoke detector shall be located so that smoke rising in the stair- way cannot be prevented from reaching the smoke alarm or smoke detector by an intervening door or obstruction. (9) For stairways leading up from a basement, smoke alarms or smoke detectors shall be located on the basement ceiling near the entry to the stairs. (10) For tray-shaped ceilings (coffered ceilings), smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall be installed on the highest portion of the ceiling or on the sloped portion of the ceiling within 12 in. (300 mm) vertically down from the highest point. (11) Smoke alarms and detectors installed in rooms with joists or beams shall comply with the requirements of 17.7.3.2.4. (12) Heat alarms and detectors installed in rooms with joists or beams shall comply with the requirements of 17.6.3.

  R310.4 Interconnection. Where more than one smoke alarm is required to be installed within an individual dwelling or sleeping unit, the smoke alarms shall be interconnected in such a manner that the activation of one alarm will activate all of the alarms in the individ- ual unit. The alarm shall be clearly audible in all bedrooms over background noise levels with all intervening doors closed.

  Exceptions: 1. Interconnection is not required in buildings that are not undergoing alterations, repairs or construction of any kind. 2. Smoke alarms in existing areas are not required to be interconnected where alterations or repairs do not result in the removal of interior wall or ceiling finishes exposing the structure, unless there is an attic, crawl space or basement available which could provide access for interconnection without the removal of interior finishes. 3. Smoke alarms are not required to be interconnected where repairs or alterations are limited to the exterior surfaces of dwellings, such as the replacement of roofing or siding, or the addition or replacement of windows or doors, or the addition of a porch or deck. 4. Smoke alarms are not required to be interconnected when work is limited to the installation, alteration or repairs of plumb- ing or mechanical systems or the installation, alteration or repair of electrical systems which do not result in the removal of interior wall or ceiling finishes exposing the structure.

  R310.5 Combination alarms. Combination smoke and carbon monoxide alarms shall be permitted to be used in lieu of smoke alarms. Systems and components shall be California State Fire Marshal listed and approved in accordance with California Code of Regu- lations, Title 19, Division 1 for the purpose for which they are installed.

• CFC § 907.2.11.2.6 High relevance — show source text

  907.2.11.2.6 Group R-4. A manual fire alarm system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with Section 907.5 shall be installed in Group R-4 occupancies housing nonambulatory clients.

  [F] 907.2.11.3 Installation near cooking appliances. See Section 907.2.11.8.

  [F] 907.2.11.4 Installation near bathrooms. See Section 907.2.11.8.

  [F] 907.2.11.5 Interconnection. Where more than one smoke alarm is required to be installed within an individual dwelling unit or sleeping unit in Group R occupancies, the smoke alarms shall be interconnected in such a manner that the activation of one alarm will activate all of the alarms in the individual unit. Physical interconnection of smoke alarms shall not be required where listed wireless alarms are installed and all alarms sound upon activation of one alarm. The alarm shall be clearly audible in all bedrooms over background noise levels with all intervening doors closed.

  [F] 907.2.11.6 Power source. In new construction, and in newly classified Group R-3.1 occupancies, required smoke alarms shall receive their primary power from the building wiring where such wiring is served from a commercial source and shall be equipped with a battery backup. Smoke alarms with integral strobes that are not equipped with battery backup shall be connected to an emergency electrical system in accordance with Section 2702. Smoke alarms shall emit a signal when the batteries are low. Wiring shall be permanent and without a disconnecting switch other than as required for overcurrent protection.

  Exception: Smoke alarms are not required to be equipped with battery backup where they are connected to an emergency electrical system that complies with Section 2702.

  [F] 907.2.11.7 Smoke detection system. Smoke detectors listed in accordance with UL 268 and provided as part of the building fire alarm system shall be an acceptable alternative to single- and multiple-station smoke alarms and shall comply with the following:

  1. The fire alarm system shall comply with all applicable requirements in Section 907.
  2. Activation of a smoke detector in a dwelling unit or sleeping unit shall initiate alarm notification in the dwelling unit or sleeping unit in accordance with Section 907.5.2.
  3. Activation of a smoke detector in a dwelling unit or sleeping unit shall not activate alarm notification appliances outside of the dwelling unit or sleeping unit, provided that a supervisory signal is generated and monitored in accordance with Section 907.6.6.

  907.2.11.8 Specific location requirements.

  Extract from NFPA 72 Section 29.11.3.4 Specific Location Requirements*.

  This extract has been provided by NFPA for the Office of the State Fire Marshal adoption by reference as follows:

  29.11.3.4 Specific location requirements. The installation of smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall comply with the following requirements: (1) Smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall not be located where ambient conditions, including humidity and temperature, are outside the limits specified by the manufacturer's published instructions. (2) Smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall not be located within unfinished attics or garages or in other spaces where temperatures can fall below 40ºF (4ºC) or exceed 100ºF (38ºC). (3) Where the mounting surface could become considerably warmer or cooler than the room, such as a poorly insulated ceil- _ing below an unfinished attic or an exterior wall, smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall be mounted on an inside wall.

• CFC § 1010.2.13 High relevance — show source text

  Emergency lighting shall be provided on the egress side of the door. 8. The electromechanical or electromagnetic locking device shall be listed in accordance with either UL 294 or UL 1034. 9. Actuation of the panic bar or other door-latching hardware shall activate an audible signal at the door. 10. The unlatching shall not require more than one operation. 11. Regardless of the means of deactivation, relocking of the egress-control device shall be by manual means only at the door.

  [BE] 1010.2.13 Controlled egress doors in Group I-2. Controlled egress electrical locking systems where egress is controlled by authorized personnel shall be permitted on doors in the means of egress in Group I-2 occupancies where the clinical needs of persons receiving psychiatric or mental health treatment require their restraint or containment. Controlled egress doors shall be permitted in such occupancies where the building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 and an approved automatic smoke detection system installed in accordance with Section 907, provided that the doors are installed and operate in accordance with all of the following:

  1. The door’s electric locks shall unlock on actuation of the automatic sprinkler system or automatic smoke detection system allowing immediate free egress.

  2. The door’s electric locks shall unlock on loss of power to the electrical locking system or to the electric lock mechanism allowing immediate free egress.

  3. The electrical locking system shall be installed to have the capability of unlocking the electric locks by a switch located at the fire command center, a nursing station or other approved location. The switch shall directly break power to the electric lock.

  4. A building occupant shall not be required to pass through more than one door equipped with a controlled egress locking system before entering an exit. 5 . All staff shall have the keys, codes or other means necessary to operate the controlled egress electrical locking systems. 6 . Emergency lighting shall be provided at the door.

  5. The electromechanical or electromagnetic locking device shall be listed in accordance with either UL 294 or UL 1034.

  Exception: Items 1 through 4 shall not apply to doors to areas occupied by persons who, because of clinical needs, require restraint or containment as part of the function of a psychiatric or mental health treatment area.

  [BE] 1010.2.14 Elevator lobby exit access doors. Electrically locked exit access doors providing egress from elevator lobbies shall the following conditions:

  1. For all occupants of the floor, the path of exit access travel to not less than two exits is not required to pass through the elevator lobby.
  2. The building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, and a fire alarm system in accordance with Section 907. Elevator lobbies shall be provided with an approved automatic smoke detection system in accordance with Section 907.
  3. Upon activation of either the automatic sprinkler system or automatic smoke detection system, the building fire alarm system by means other than a manual fire alarm box shall automatically unlock the electric locks providing exit access from the elevator lobbies, and the electric locks shall remain unlocked until the fire alarm system is reset.
  4. The electric locks shall unlock on loss of power to the electric locks or electrical locking system.
  5. The electric locks shall have the capability of being unlocked by a switch located at the fire command center, security station or other approved location.
• CFC § 907.2.11.2.3 High relevance — show source text

  907.2.11.2.3 Group R-3.1. In all facilities housing a bedridden client, smoke alarms shall receive their primary power from the building wiring when such wiring is served from a commercial source and shall be equipped with a battery backup. Smoke alarms shall be electrically interconnected so as to cause all smoke alarms to sound a distinctive alarm signal upon actuation of any single smoke alarm. Such alarm signal shall be audible throughout the facility at a minimal level of 15 db above ambient noise level. These devices need not be interconnected to any other fire alarm device, have a control panel, or be electronically supervised or provided with emergency power.

  907.2.11.2.4 Smoke alarms. Smoke alarms shall be tested and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Smoke alarms that no longer function shall be replaced.

  907.2.11.2.5 Existing Group R occupancies. See the California Residential Code for existing Group R-3 occupancies or Chapter 11 of the California Fire Code for all other existing Group R occupancies.

  907.2.11.2.6 Group R-4. A manual fire alarm system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with Section 907.5 shall be installed in Group R-4 occupancies housing nonambulatory clients.

  907.2.11.3 Installation near cooking appliances. See Section 907.2.11.8.

  907.2.11.4 Installation near bathrooms. See Section 907.2.11.8.

  907.2.11.5 Interconnection. Where more than one smoke alarm is required to be installed within an individual dwelling unit or sleeping unit in Group R or I-1 occupancies, the smoke alarms shall be interconnected in such a manner that the activation of one alarm will activate all of the alarms in the individual unit. Physical interconnection of smoke alarms shall not be required where listed wireless alarms are installed and all alarms sound upon activation of one alarm. The alarm shall be clearly audible in all bedrooms over background noise levels with all intervening doors closed.

  907.2.11.6 Power source. In new construction, and in newly classified Group R-3.1 occupancies, required smoke alarms shall receive their primary power from the building wiring where such wiring is served from a commercial source and shall be equipped with a battery backup. Smoke alarms with integral strobes that are not equipped with battery back-up shall be connected to an emergency electrical system in accordance with Section 1203. Smoke alarms shall emit a signal when the batteries are low. Wiring shall be permanent and without a disconnecting switch other than as required for overcurrent protection.

  Exception: Smoke alarms are not required to be equipped with battery backup where they are connected to an emergency electrical system that complies with Section 603.

  907.2.11.7 Smoke detection system. Smoke detectors listed in accordance with UL 268 and provided as part of the building fire alarm system shall be an acceptable alternative to single- and multiple-station smoke alarms and shall comply with the following:

  1. The fire alarm system shall comply with all applicable requirements in Section 907.
  2. Activation of a smoke detector in a dwelling unit or sleeping unit shall initiate alarm notification in the dwelling unit or sleeping unit in accordance with Section 907.5.2.
  3. Activation of a smoke detector in a dwelling unit or sleeping unit shall not activate alarm notification appliances outside of the dwelling unit or sleeping unit, provided that a supervisory signal is generated and monitored in accordance with Section 907.6.6.
• CFC § 9-31 High relevance — show source text

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  FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS

  2. A manual fire alarm system. 3. Smoke alarms required by the California Fire Code Section 907.2.10.

  907.2.11.2.1.1 Smoke alarms. Single- and multiple-station smoke alarms shall be installed in accordance with California Fire Code Section 907.2.11.

  907.2.11.2.2 Group I-4 occupancies. Large family day-care homes shall be equipped with State Fire Marshal approved and listed single station residential type smoke alarms.

  907.2.11.2.3 Group R-3.1. In all facilities housing a bedridden client, smoke alarms shall receive their primary power from the build- ing wiring when such wiring is served from a commercial source and shall be equipped with a battery backup. Smoke alarms shall be electrically interconnected so as to cause all smoke alarms to sound a distinctive alarm signal upon actuation of any single smoke alarm. Such alarm signal shall be audible throughout the facility at a minimal level of 15 dB above ambient noise level. These devices need not be interconnected to any other fire alarm device, have a control unit, or be electrically supervised or provided with emer-

  gency power.

  907.2.11.2.4 Smoke alarms. Smoke alarms shall be tested and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Smoke alarms that no longer function shall be replaced.

  907.2.11.2.5 Existing Group R occupancies. See the California Residential Code for existing Group R-3 occupancies or Chapter 11 of the California Fire Code for all other existing Group R occupancies.

  907.2.11.2.6 Group R-4. A manual fire alarm system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with Section 907.5 shall be installed in Group R-4 occupancies housing nonambulatory clients.

  [F] 907.2.11.3 Installation near cooking appliances. See Section 907.2.11.8.

  [F] 907.2.11.4 Installation near bathrooms. See Section 907.2.11.8.

  [F] 907.2.11.5 Interconnection. Where more than one smoke alarm is required to be installed within an individual dwelling unit or sleeping unit in Group R occupancies, the smoke alarms shall be interconnected in such a manner that the activation of one alarm will activate all of the alarms in the individual unit. Physical interconnection of smoke alarms shall not be required where listed wireless alarms are installed and all alarms sound upon activation of one alarm. The alarm shall be clearly audible in all bedrooms over background noise levels with all intervening doors closed.

  [F] 907.2.11.6 Power source. In new construction, and in newly classified Group R-3.1 occupancies, required smoke alarms shall receive their primary power from the building wiring where such wiring is served from a commercial source and shall be equipped with a battery backup. Smoke alarms with integral strobes that are not equipped with battery backup shall be connected to an emergency electrical system in accordance with Section 2702. Smoke alarms shall emit a signal when the batteries are low. Wiring shall be permanent and without a disconnecting switch other than as required for overcurrent protection.

• CFC § 1103.7.9.6 High relevance — show source text

  1103.7.9.6 Manual fire alarm boxes. A manual fire alarm box shall be provided in the locations designated by the enforcing agency. Such locations shall be where boxes are readily accessible and visible and in normal paths of daily travel by occupants of the building.

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  CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS

  1103.7.9.7 Emergency voice/alarm communication system. Such system shall provide communication from a location avail- able to and designated by the enforcing agency to not less than all public areas.

  The emergency voice/alarm communication system may be combined with a fire alarm system provide the combined system has been approved and listed by the State Fire Marshal. The sounding of a fire alarm signal in any given area or floor shall not prohibit voice communication to other areas of floors. Combination systems shall be designed to permit voice transmission to override the fire alarm signal, but the fire alarm signal shall not terminate in less than three minutes.

  1103.7.9.8 Fire department system. When it is determined by test that portable fire department communication equipment is ineffective, a communication system acceptable to the enforcing agency shall be installed within the building to permit emer- gency communication between fire-suppression personnel.

  1103.7.9.9 Smoke control systems. Existing air-circulation systems shall be provided with an override switch in a location approved by the enforcing agency which will allow for the manual control of shutdown of the systems.

  Exception: Systems which serve only a single floor, or portion thereof, without any penetration by ducts or other means into adjacent floors.

  1103.7.9.10 Elevator recall smoke detection. Smoke detection for emergency operation of elevators shall be provided in accor- dance with Section 907.3.3.

  1103.8 Single- and multiple-station smoke alarms. Single- and multiple-station smoke alarms shall be installed in existing Group I1 and R occupancies in accordance with Sections 1103.8.1 through 1103.8.3.

  1103.8.1 Where required. Existing Group I-1 and R occupancies shall be provided with single-station smoke alarms in accordance with Section 907.2.11. Interconnection and power sources shall be in accordance with Sections 1103.8.2 and 1103.8.3, respectively.

  Exceptions:

  1. Where the code that was in effect at the time of construction required smoke alarms and smoke alarms complying with those requirements are already provided.
  2. Where smoke alarms have been installed in occupancies and dwellings that were not required to have them at the time of construction, additional smoke alarms shall not be required provided that the existing smoke alarms comply with requirements that were in effect at the time of installation.
  3. Where smoke detectors connected to a fire alarm system have been installed as a substitute for smoke alarms.

  1103.8.2 Interconnection. Where more than one smoke alarm is required to be installed within an individual dwelling or sleeping unit, the smoke alarms shall be interconnected in such a manner that the activation of one alarm will activate all of the alarms in the individual unit. Physical interconnection of smoke alarms shall not be required where listed wireless alarms are installed and all alarms sound upon activation of one alarm. The alarm shall be clearly audible in all bedrooms over background noise levels with all intervening doors closed.

• CFC § 1103.8.3 High relevance — show source text

  Exceptions:

  1. Interconnection is not required in buildings that are not undergoing alterations, repairs or construction of any kind.
  2. Smoke alarms in existing areas are not required to be interconnected where alterations or repairs do not result in the removal of interior wall or ceiling finishes exposing the structure, unless there is an attic, crawl space or basement available that could provide access for interconnection without the removal of interior finishes. 3. Smoke alarms are not required to be interconnected where repairs or alterations are limited to the exterior surfaces of dwellings, such as the replacement of roofing or siding, or the addition or replacement of windows or doors, or the addi- tion of a porch or deck. 4. Smoke alarms are not required to be interconnected when work is limited to the installation, alteration or repairs of plumbing or mechanical systems or the installation, alteration or repair of electrical systems which do not result in the removal of interior wall or ceiling finishes exposing the structure.

  1103.8.3 Power source. Single-station smoke alarms shall receive their primary power from the building wiring provided that such wiring is served from a commercial source and shall be equipped with a battery backup. Smoke alarms with integral strobes that are not equipped with battery backup shall be connected to an emergency electrical system. Smoke alarms shall emit a signal when the batteries are low. Wiring shall be permanent and without a disconnecting switch other than as required for overcurrent protection.

  Exceptions:

  1. Smoke alarms are permitted to be solely battery operated in existing buildings where construction is not taking place.
  2. Smoke alarms are permitted to be solely battery operated in buildings that are not served from a commercial power

  source.

  3. Smoke alarms are permitted to be solely battery operated in existing areas of buildings undergoing alterations or repairs that do not result in the removal of interior walls or ceiling finishes exposing the structure, unless there is an attic, crawl space or basement available that could provide access for building wiring without the removal of interior finishes. 4. Smoke alarms are permitted to be solely battery operated where repairs or alterations are limited to the exterior surfaces of dwellings, such as the replacement of roofing or siding, or the addition or replacement of windows or doors, or the addition of a porch or deck.

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  CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS

  5. Smoke alarms are permitted to be solely battery operated when work is limited to the installation, alteration or repairs of plumbing or mechanical systems or the installation, alteration or repair of electrical systems which do not result in the removal of interior wall or ceiling finishes exposing the structure.

  1103.8.4 Group R-3.1. In all facilities housing a bedridden client, smoke alarms shall receive their primary power from the building wiring when such wiring is served from a commercial source and shall be equipped with a battery backup. Smoke alarms shall be electrically interconnected so as to cause all smoke alarms to sound a distinctive alarm signal upon actuation of any single smoke alarm. Such alarm signal shall be audible throughout the facility at a minimal level of 15 db above ambient noise level. These devices need not be interconnected to any other fire alarm device, have a control panel, or be electrically supervised or provided with emer-

  gency power.

  1103.8.5 Additional provisions for existing Group R occupancies.

• CFC § 25.4 High relevance — show source text

  Random variations are allowed, provided that the configuration does not obstruct water penetration.|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.
  a. Three-inch transverse flue spaces shall be provided not less than every 10 feet where ESFR sprinkler protection is provided.
  b. Random variations are allowed, provided that the configuration does not obstruct water penetration.|

  3208.3.1 Flue space protection. Flue spaces required by Table 3208.3 above the first tier of storage in single-, double- or multiple-row rack storage installations shall, where required by the fire code official, be equipped with approved protection devices. Such devices shall not be removed or modified.

  3208.4 Column protection. Steel building columns shall be protected in accordance with NFPA 13.

  3208.5 Extra-high-rack storage systems. Approval of the fire code official shall be obtained prior to installing extra-high-rack combustible storage.

  3208.5.1 Fire protection. Buildings with extra-high-rack combustible storage shall be protected with a specially engineered automatic sprinkler system. Extra-high-rack combustible storage shall be provided with additional special fire protection, such as separation from other buildings and additional built-in fire protection features and fire department access, where required by the fire code official.

  SECTION 3209—AUTOMATED STORAGE

  3209.1 General. Automated storage shall be in accordance with this section.

  3209.2 Automatic sprinklers. Where automatic sprinklers are required by Table 3206.2, the building shall be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. 3209.3 Carousel storage. High-piled storage areas having greater than 500 square feet (46 m [2] ) of carousel storage shall be provided with automatic shutdown in accordance with one of the following:

  1. An automatic smoke detection system installed in accordance with Section 907, with coverage extending 15 feet (4575 mm) in all directions beyond unenclosed carousel storage systems and that sounds a local alarm at the operator’s station and stops the carousel storage system upon the activation of a single detector.
  2. An automatic smoke detection system installed in accordance with Section 907 and within enclosed carousel storage systems, that sounds a local alarm at the operator’s station and stops the carousel storage system upon the activation of a single detector.
  3. A single dead-man-type control switch that allows the operation of the carousel storage system only when the operator is present. The switch shall be in the same room as the carousel storage system and located to provide for observation of the carousel system.

  3209.4 Automated rack storage. High-piled storage areas with automated rack storage shall be provided with a manually activated emergency shutdown switch and automatic shutdown in accordance with Sections 3209.4.1 and 3209.4.2.

  3209.4.1 Manual activated shutdown. A manually activated switch shall be provided to initiate the approved automatic shutdown process. The switch shall be clearly identified and shall be in a location approved by the fire code official.

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  HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE

• CFC § 1103.7.9.10 High relevance — show source text

  1103.7.9.10 Elevator recall smoke detection. Smoke detection for emergency operation of elevators shall be provided in accor- dance with Section 907.3.3.

  1103.8 Single- and multiple-station smoke alarms. Single- and multiple-station smoke alarms shall be installed in existing Group I1 and R occupancies in accordance with Sections 1103.8.1 through 1103.8.3.

  1103.8.1 Where required. Existing Group I-1 and R occupancies shall be provided with single-station smoke alarms in accordance with Section 907.2.11. Interconnection and power sources shall be in accordance with Sections 1103.8.2 and 1103.8.3, respectively.

  Exceptions:

  1. Where the code that was in effect at the time of construction required smoke alarms and smoke alarms complying with those requirements are already provided.
  2. Where smoke alarms have been installed in occupancies and dwellings that were not required to have them at the time of construction, additional smoke alarms shall not be required provided that the existing smoke alarms comply with requirements that were in effect at the time of installation.
  3. Where smoke detectors connected to a fire alarm system have been installed as a substitute for smoke alarms.

  1103.8.2 Interconnection. Where more than one smoke alarm is required to be installed within an individual dwelling or sleeping unit, the smoke alarms shall be interconnected in such a manner that the activation of one alarm will activate all of the alarms in the individual unit. Physical interconnection of smoke alarms shall not be required where listed wireless alarms are installed and all alarms sound upon activation of one alarm. The alarm shall be clearly audible in all bedrooms over background noise levels with all intervening doors closed.

  Exceptions:

  1. Interconnection is not required in buildings that are not undergoing alterations, repairs or construction of any kind.
  2. Smoke alarms in existing areas are not required to be interconnected where alterations or repairs do not result in the removal of interior wall or ceiling finishes exposing the structure, unless there is an attic, crawl space or basement available that could provide access for interconnection without the removal of interior finishes. 3. Smoke alarms are not required to be interconnected where repairs or alterations are limited to the exterior surfaces of dwellings, such as the replacement of roofing or siding, or the addition or replacement of windows or doors, or the addi- tion of a porch or deck. 4. Smoke alarms are not required to be interconnected when work is limited to the installation, alteration or repairs of plumbing or mechanical systems or the installation, alteration or repair of electrical systems which do not result in the removal of interior wall or ceiling finishes exposing the structure.

  1103.8.3 Power source. Single-station smoke alarms shall receive their primary power from the building wiring provided that such wiring is served from a commercial source and shall be equipped with a battery backup. Smoke alarms with integral strobes that are not equipped with battery backup shall be connected to an emergency electrical system. Smoke alarms shall emit a signal when the batteries are low. Wiring shall be permanent and without a disconnecting switch other than as required for overcurrent protection.

  Exceptions:

  1. Smoke alarms are permitted to be solely battery operated in existing buildings where construction is not taking place.
  2. Smoke alarms are permitted to be solely battery operated in buildings that are not served from a commercial power

  source.

• CFC § 3209.3 High relevance — show source text

  3209.3 Carousel storage. High-piled storage areas having greater than 500 square feet (46 m [2] ) of carousel storage shall be provided with automatic shutdown in accordance with one of the following:

  1. An automatic smoke detection system installed in accordance with Section 907, with coverage extending 15 feet (4575 mm) in all directions beyond unenclosed carousel storage systems and that sounds a local alarm at the operator’s station and stops the carousel storage system upon the activation of a single detector.
  2. An automatic smoke detection system installed in accordance with Section 907 and within enclosed carousel storage systems, that sounds a local alarm at the operator’s station and stops the carousel storage system upon the activation of a single detector.
  3. A single dead-man-type control switch that allows the operation of the carousel storage system only when the operator is present. The switch shall be in the same room as the carousel storage system and located to provide for observation of the carousel system.

  3209.4 Automated rack storage. High-piled storage areas with automated rack storage shall be provided with a manually activated emergency shutdown switch and automatic shutdown in accordance with Sections 3209.4.1 and 3209.4.2.

  3209.4.1 Manual activated shutdown. A manually activated switch shall be provided to initiate the approved automatic shutdown process. The switch shall be clearly identified and shall be in a location approved by the fire code official.

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  HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE

  3209.4.2 Automatic shutdown. Automatic shutdown shall be required for high-piled combustible storage areas greater than 500 square feet (46 m [2] ). The approved automatic shutdown process shall commence upon any of the following events:

  1. Water flow is detected in the automatic sprinkler system, if present.
  2. Activation of the fire detection system, if present.

  SECTION 3210—SPECIALTY STORAGE

  3210.1 General. Records storage facilities used for the rack or shelf storage of combustible paper records greater than 12 feet (3658 mm) in height shall be in accordance with Sections 3206 and 3208. Palletized storage of records shall be in accordance with Section 3207.

  3210.1.1 Alternative fire protection. The design and installation of automatic fire-extinguishing systems in archives, vaults and record storage rooms shall be in accordance with NFPA 232.

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  CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE

  CHAPTER 33 – FIRE SAFETY DURING CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION

  (Matrix Adoption Tables are nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user. See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

• CFC § 907.2.8.2 Medium relevance — show source text

  907.2.8.2 Automatic smoke detection system. An automatic smoke detection system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with Section 907.5 shall be installed throughout all interior corridors serving sleeping units.

  Exception: An automatic smoke detection system is not required in buildings that do not have interior corridors serving sleeping units and where each sleeping unit has a means of egress door opening directly to an exit or to an exterior exit access that leads directly to an exit.

  907.2.8.3 Smoke alarms. Single- and multiple-station smoke alarms shall be installed in accordance with Section 907.2.11.

  907.2.9 Groups R-2, R-2.1 and R-2.2 . Fire alarm systems and smoke alarms shall be installed in Group R-2 and R-2.1 occupancies as required in Sections 907.2.9.1 through 907.2.10.2.1.1. Group R-2.2 shall be equipped throughout with an automatic fire alarm system and shall have a manual fire alarm pull station at the 24-hour staff watch office.

  907.2.9.1 Manual fire alarm system. A manual fire alarm system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with Section 907.5 shall be installed in Group R-2 occupancies where any of the following conditions apply:

  1. Any dwelling unit or sleeping unit is located three or more stories above the lowest level of exit discharge.
  2. Any dwelling unit or sleeping unit is located more than one story below the highest level of exit discharge of exits serving the dwelling unit or sleeping unit.
  3. The building contains more than 16 dwelling units or sleeping units. 4. Congregate residences with more than 16 occupants.

  Exceptions:

  1. A fire alarm system is not required in buildings not more than two stories in height where all dwelling units or sleeping units and contiguous attic and crawl spaces are separated from each other and public or common areas by not less than 1-hour fire partitions and each dwelling unit or sleeping unit has an exit directly to a public way, egress court or yard.
  2. Manual fire alarm boxes are not required where the building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 and the occupant notification appliances will automatically activate throughout the notification zones upon a sprinkler water flow.

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  3. A fire alarm system is not required in buildings that do not have interior corridors serving dwelling units and are protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, provided that dwelling units either have a means of egress door opening directly to an exterior exit access that leads directly to the exits or are served by open-ended corridors designed in accordance with Section 1027.6, Exception 3.

  907.2.9.2 Smoke alarms. Single- and multiple-station smoke alarms shall be installed in accordance with Section 907.2.11.

• CFC § 907.4.2.3 Medium relevance — show source text

  Exception: [DSA-AC] In existing buildings there is no requirement to retroactively relocate existing manual fire alarm boxes to a minimum of 42 inches (1067 mm) and a maximum of 48 inches (1219 mm) from the floor level to the activating handle or lever of the box.

  907.4.2.3 Color. Manual fire alarm boxes shall be red in color.

  907.4.2.4 Signs. Where fire alarm systems are not monitored by an approved supervising station in accordance with Section 907.6.6, an approved permanent sign shall be installed adjacent to each manual fire alarm box that reads: “WHEN ALARM SOUNDS—CALL FIRE DEPARTMENT.”

  Exception: Where the manufacturer has permanently provided this information on the manual fire alarm box.

  907.4.2.5 Protective covers. The fire code official is authorized to require the installation of listed manual fire alarm box protective covers to prevent malicious false alarms or to provide the manual fire alarm box with protection from physical damage. The protective cover shall be transparent or red in color with a transparent face to permit visibility of the manual fire alarm box. Each cover shall include proper operating instructions. A protective cover that emits a local alarm signal shall not be installed unless approved. Protective covers shall not project more than that permitted by Section 1003.3.3.

  907.4.2.6 Unobstructed and unobscured. Manual fire alarm boxes shall be provided with ready access, unobstructed, unobscured and visible at all times.

  907.4.2.7 Operation. Manual fire alarm boxes shall be operable with one hand including boxes with protective covers.

  907.4.3 Automatic smoke detection. Where an automatic smoke detection system is required, it shall utilize smoke detectors unless ambient conditions prohibit such an installation. In spaces where smoke detectors cannot be utilized due to ambient conditions, approved automatic heat detectors shall be permitted.

  907.4.3.1 Automatic sprinkler system. For conditions other than specific fire safety functions noted in Section 907.3, in areas where ambient conditions prohibit the installation of smoke detectors, an automatic sprinkler system installed in such areas in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 and that is connected to the fire alarm system shall be approved as automatic heat detection.

  907.5 Occupant notification. Occupant notification by fire alarms shall be in accordance with Sections 907.5.1 through 907.5.2.5 . Occupant notification by smoke alarms in Group R-1 and R-2 occupancies shall comply with Section 907.5.2.1.3.2.

  907.5.1 Alarm activation and annunciation. Upon activation, fire alarm systems shall initiate occupant notification and shall annunciate at the fire alarm control unit, or where allowed elsewhere by Section 907, at a constantly attended location.

  907.5.1.1 Presignal feature. A presignal feature shall only be provided where approved. The presignal shall be annunciated at an approved, constantly attended location, having the capability to activate the occupant notification system in the event of fire or other emergency.

  Exception: A presignal feature shall not be permitted to be installed in a Group I-2 or R-2.1 occupancy.

  907.5.2 Alarm notification appliances. Alarm notification appliances shall be provided and shall be listed for their purpose.

• CFC § 907.4.2.3 Medium relevance — show source text

  [F] 907.4.2.3 Color. Manual fire alarm boxes shall be red in color.

  [F] 907.4.2.4 Signs. Where fire alarm systems are not monitored by an approved supervising station in accordance with Section 907.6.6, an approved permanent sign shall be installed adjacent to each manual fire alarm box that reads: WHEN ALARM SOUNDS CALL FIRE DEPARTMENT.

  Exception: Where the manufacturer has permanently provided this information on the manual fire alarm box.

  [F] 907.4.2.5 Protective covers. The fire code official is authorized to require the installation of listed manual fire alarm box protective covers to prevent malicious false alarms or to provide the manual fire alarm box with protection from physical damage. The protective cover shall be transparent or red in color with a transparent face to permit visibility of the manual fire alarm box. Each cover shall include proper operating instructions. A protective cover that emits a local alarm signal shall not be installed unless approved. Protective covers shall not project more than that permitted by Section 1003.3.3.

  [F] 907.4.2.6 Unobstructed and unobscured. Manual fire alarm boxes shall be provided with ready access, unobstructed, unobscured and visible at all times.

  907.4.2.7 Operation. Manual fire alarm boxes shall be operable with one hand including boxes with protective covers.

  [F] 907.4.3 Automatic smoke detection. Where an automatic smoke detection system is required, it shall utilize smoke detectors unless ambient conditions prohibit such an installation. In spaces where smoke detectors cannot be utilized due to ambient conditions, approved automatic heat detectors shall be permitted.

  [F] 907.4.3.1 Automatic sprinkler system. For conditions other than specific fire safety functions noted in Section 907.3, in areas where ambient conditions prohibit the installation of smoke detectors, an automatic sprinkler system installed in such areas in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 and that is connected to the fire alarm system shall be approved as automatic heat detection.

  [F] 907.5 Occupant notification. Occupant notification by fire alarms shall be in accordance with Sections 907.5.1 through 907.5.2.5 . Occupant notification by smoke alarms in Group R-1 and R-2 occupancies shall comply with Section 907.5.2.1.3.2.

  [F] 907.5.1 Alarm activation and annunciation. Upon activation, fire alarm systems shall initiate occupant notification and shall annunciate at the fire alarm control unit, or where allowed elsewhere by Section 907, at a constantly attended location.

  [F] 907.5.1.1 Presignal feature. A presignal feature shall be provided only where approved. The presignal shall be annunciated at an approved, constantly attended location, having the capability to activate the occupant notification system in the event of fire or other emergency.

  Exception: A presignal feature shall not be permitted to be installed in a Group I-2 or R-2.1 occupancy.

  [F] 907.5.2 Alarm notification appliances. Alarm notification appliances shall be provided and shall be listed for their purpose.

• CFC § 907.2.5 Medium relevance — show source text

  907.2.5 Group H. A manual fire alarm system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with Section 907.5 shall be installed in Group H-5 occupancies and in occupancies used for the manufacture of organic coatings. An automatic smoke detection system shall be installed for highly toxic gases, organic peroxides and oxidizers in accordance with Chapters 60, 62 and 63, respectively.

  907.2.5.1 Group H occupancies located on the 11th story and above. Manual fire alarm boxes shall be required on each side of the 2-hour fire-smoke barrier and at each exit on the 11th story and above.

  907.2.6 Group I. A manual fire alarm system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with Section 907.5 shall be installed in Group I occupancies. An automatic smoke detection system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with Section 907.5 shall be provided in accordance with Sections 907.2.6.1, 907.2.6.2 and 907.2.6.3.3.

  Exceptions:

  1. Large family day care.
  2. Occupant notification systems are not required to be activated where private mode signaling installed in accordance with NFPA 72 is approved by the fire code official and staff evacuation responsibilities are included in the fire safety and evacuation plan required by Section 404.

  907.2.6.1 Reserved.

  907.2.6.2 Group I-2. A manual and automatic fire alarm system shall be installed in Group I-2 occupancies. Where automatic fire suppression systems or smoke detectors are installed, such systems or detectors shall be connected to the building fire alarm system.

  Exception: Where an entire facility is used for the housing of persons, none of whom are physically or mentally handicapped or nonambulatory, and are between the ages of 18 and 64, the buildings or structures comprising such facility shall be exempt from the provisions of this subsection relating to the installation of an automatic fire alarm system.

  907.2.6.2.1 Notification. The fire alarm notification system shall be in accordance with Section 907.5.2.5.

  907.2.6.2.2 Automatic fire detection. Smoke detectors shall be provided in accordance with this section. 1. In patient and client sleeping rooms. Actuation of such detectors shall cause a visual display on the corridor side of the room in which the detector is located and shall cause an audible and visual alarm at the respective nurses’ station. A nurse call system listed for this function is an acceptable means of providing the audible and visual alarm at the respective nurses’ station and corridor room display. Operation of the smoke detector shall not include any alarm verification feature.

  Exception: In patient and client rooms equipped with existing automatic door closers having integral smoke detec- tor, the integral detector is allowed to substitute for the room smoke detector, provided it meets all the required alerting functions.

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  2. Group I-2 nurses’ stations. A minimum of one (1) smoke detector shall be installed at the nurses’ station and centrally located.

• CFC § 907.2.6.3.2.1 Medium relevance — show source text

  [F] 907.2.6.3.2.1 Manual fire alarm boxes in detainee areas. Manual fire alarm boxes are allowed to be locked in areas occupied by detainees, provided that staff members are present within the subject area and have keys readily available to operate the manual fire alarm boxes.

  [F] 907.2.6.3.3 Automatic smoke detection system. An automatic smoke detection system shall be installed throughout resident housing areas, including sleeping units and contiguous day rooms, group activity spaces and other common spaces normally open to residents.

  Exceptions:

  1. Other approved smoke detection arrangements may be used to prevent damage or tampering or for other purposes provided the function of detecting any fire is fulfilled and the location of the detectors is such that the speed of detection will be equivalent to that provided by the spacing and location required in accordance with NFPA 72 as referenced in Chapter 35. This may include the location of detectors in return air ducts from cells, behind grilles or in other locations. Spot type, combination duct and open area smoke detectors may be used when located not more than 14 inches (356 mm) from the return air grill. For initiation and annunciation purposes, these detectors may be combined in groups of four. The fire code official having jurisdiction, however, must approve the proposed equivalent performance of the design. 2. For detention housing and/or mental health housing area(s), including correctional medical and mental health uses, automatic smoke detection system in sleeping units shall not be required when all of the following conditions are met:

  2.1. All rooms, including the inmate cells are provided with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

  2.2. Building is continuously staffed by a correctional officer at all times. 3. Smoke detectors are not required to be installed in inmate cells with two or fewer occupants in detention facilities which do not have a correctional medical and mental health use.

  4. Smoke detectors are not required to be installed in inmate day rooms of detention facilities where 24-hour direct visual supervision is provided by a correctional officer(s) and a manual fire alarm box is located in the control room.

  907.2.6.3.4 System annunciation. A staff alerting fire alarm shall sound at all staff control stations on the floor of activation and an audible and visual signal shall be indicated on an annunciator at the facility control center upon activation of any auto- matic extinguishing system, automatic detection system, or any smoke detector or manual actuating or initiating device. In addition, where there are staff-control stations on the floor, an audible, visual and manual alarm shall be located in each staff control station.

  Fire and trouble signals of fire alarm systems and sprinkler water-flow and supervisory signals of extinguishing systems shall be annunciated in an area designated as the facility control center which shall be constantly attended by staff personnel. All such signals shall produce both an audible signal and visual display at the facility control center indicating the building, floor zone or other designated area from which the signal originated in accordance with Section 907.6.4.

  All local detention facilities within the scope of Section 6031.4 of the Penal Code shall have an automatic smoke detection system. A manual fire alarm-initiating device shall be installed in all guard control stations and shall be capable of alerting personnel in a central control point to the presence of fire or smoke within the facility.

• CFC § 2.1 Medium relevance — show source text

  3. In waiting areas and corridors onto which they open, in the same smoke compartment, in accordance with Section 407.2.1 of the California Building Code. 4. In areas where patients are restrained, smoke detectors shall be installed at ceilings throughout all occupied areas and mechanical/electrical spaces of smoke compartments and in adjacent smoke compartments where occupants of those compartments utilize the same means of egress.

  907.2.6.3 Group I-3 occupancies. Group I-3 occupancies shall be equipped with a manual fire alarm system and automatic smoke detection system installed for alerting staff.

  Exception: An automatic smoke detection system is not required within temporary holding cells.

  907.2.6.3.1 System initiation. Actuation of an automatic fire-extinguishing system, automatic sprinkler system, a manual fire alarm box or a fire detector shall initiate an approved fire alarm signal that automatically notifies staff.

  907.2.6.3.2 Manual fire alarm boxes. Manual fire alarm boxes are not required to be located in accordance with Section 907.4.2 where the fire alarm boxes are provided at staff-attended locations having direct supervision over areas where manual fire alarm boxes have been omitted.

  907.2.6.3.2.1 Manual fire alarms boxes in detainee areas. Manual fire alarm boxes are allowed to be locked in areas occupied by detainees, provided that staff members are present within the subject area and have keys readily available to operate the manual fire alarm boxes.

  907.2.6.3.3 Automatic smoke detection system. An automatic smoke detection system shall be installed throughout resident housing areas, including sleeping units and contiguous day rooms, group activity spaces and other common spaces normally open to inmates .

  Exceptions:

  1. Other approved smoke detection arrangements may be used to prevent damage or tampering or for other purposes provided the function of detecting any fire is fulfilled and the location of the detectors is such that the speed of detection will be equivalent to that provided by the spacing and location required in accordance with NFPA 72 as referenced in Chapter 80. This may include the location of detectors in return air ducts from cells, behind grilles or in other locations. Spot type, combination duct and open area smoke detectors may be used when located not more than 14 inches (356 mm) from the return air grill. For initiation and annunciation purposes, these detectors may be combined in groups of four. The fire code official having jurisdiction, however, must approve the proposed equivalent performance of the design. 2. For detention housing and/or mental health housing area(s), including correctional medical and mental health uses, automatic smoke detection system in sleeping units shall not be required when all of the following conditions are met: 2.1. All rooms, including the inmate cells, are provided with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

  2.2. Building is continuously staffed by a correctional officer at all times. 3. Smoke detectors are not required to be installed in inmate cells with two or fewer occupants in detention facilities which do not have a correctional medical and mental health use.

  4. Smoke detectors are not required to be installed in inmate day rooms of detention facilities where 24-hour direct visual supervision is provided by a correctional officer(s) and a manual fire alarm box is located in the control room.

• CFC § 907.2.11.9 Medium relevance — show source text

  907.2.11.9 Existing Group R occupancies. See the California Residential Code for existing Group R-3 occupancies or Chapter 11 of the California Fire Code for all other existing Group R occupancies.

  [F] 907.2.12 Special amusement areas. Fire detection and alarm systems shall be provided in special amusement areas and throughout the exit access to the point of exit discharge in accordance with Section 411.3.

  [F] 907.2.13 High-rise buildings and Group I-2 occupancies having occupied floors located more than 75 feet above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access. High-rise buildings and Group I-2 occupancies having occupied floors located more than 75 feet above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access shall be provided with an automatic smoke detection system in accordance with Section 907.2.13.1, a fire department communication system in accordance with Section 907.2.13.2 and an emergency voice/alarm communication system in accordance with Section 907.5.2.2.

  Exceptions:

  1. Airport traffic control towers in accordance with Sections 412 and 907.2.22.
  2. Open parking garages in accordance with Section 406.5.
  3. Buildings with an occupancy in Group A-5 in accordance with Section 303.1.
  4. Low-hazard special occupancies in accordance with Section 503.1.1.
  5. Buildings with an occupancy in Group H-1, H-2 or H-3 in accordance with Section 415.
  6. In Group I-2 and R-2.1 occupancies, the alarm shall sound at a constantly attended location and occupant notification shall be broadcast by the emergency voice/alarm communication system.

  [F] 907.2.13.1 Automatic smoke detection. Automatic smoke detection in high-rise buildings and Group I-2 occupancies having occupied floors located more than 75 feet above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access shall be in accordance with Sections 907.2.13.1.1 and 907.2.13.1.2.

  [F] 907.2.13.1.1 Area smoke detection. Area smoke detectors shall be provided in accordance with this section. Smoke detectors shall be connected to an automatic fire alarm system. The activation of any detector required by this section shall activate the emergency voice/alarm communication system in accordance with Section 907.5.2.2. In addition to smoke detectors required by Sections 907.2.1 through 907.2.9, smoke detectors shall be located as follows:

  1. In each mechanical equipment, electrical, transformer, telephone equipment or similar room that is not provided with sprinkler protection.
  2. In each elevator machine room, machinery space, control room and control space and in elevator lobbies.

  [F] 907.2.13.1.2 Duct smoke detection. Smoke detectors listed for use in air duct systems shall be provided in accordance with this section and the California Mechanical Code. The activation of any detector required by this section shall initiate a visible and

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  FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS

  audible supervisory signal at a constantly attended location. Duct smoke detectors complying with Section 907.3.1 shall be located as follows:

• CFC § 2.1. Medium relevance — show source text

  Exception: In patient and client rooms equipped with existing automatic door closers having integral smoke detec- tor, the integral detector is allowed to substitute for the room smoke detector, provided it meets all the required alerting functions. 2. Group I-2 nurse stations. A minimum of one (1) smoke detector shall be installed at the nurse station and centrally located.

  3. In waiting areas and corridors onto which they open, in the same smoke compartment, in accordance with Section 407.2.1.

  4. In areas where patients are restrained, smoke detectors shall be installed at ceilings throughout all occupied areas and mechanical/electrical spaces of smoke compartments and in adjacent smoke compartments where occupants of those compartments utilize the same means of egress.

  [F] 907.2.6.3 Group I-3 occupancies. Group I-3 occupancies shall be equipped with a manual fire alarm system and automatic smoke detection system installed for alerting staff.

  Exception: An automatic smoke detection system is not required within temporary holding cells.

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  [F] 907.2.6.3.1 System initiation. Actuation of an automatic fire-extinguishing system, automatic sprinkler system, a manual fire alarm box or a fire detector shall initiate an approved fire alarm signal that automatically notifies staff.

  [F] 907.2.6.3.2 Manual fire alarm boxes. Manual fire alarm boxes are not required to be located in accordance with Section 907.4.2 where the fire alarm boxes are provided at staff-attended locations having direct supervision over areas where manual fire alarm boxes have been omitted.

  [F] 907.2.6.3.2.1 Manual fire alarm boxes in detainee areas. Manual fire alarm boxes are allowed to be locked in areas occupied by detainees, provided that staff members are present within the subject area and have keys readily available to operate the manual fire alarm boxes.

  [F] 907.2.6.3.3 Automatic smoke detection system. An automatic smoke detection system shall be installed throughout resident housing areas, including sleeping units and contiguous day rooms, group activity spaces and other common spaces normally open to residents.

  Exceptions:

  1. Other approved smoke detection arrangements may be used to prevent damage or tampering or for other purposes provided the function of detecting any fire is fulfilled and the location of the detectors is such that the speed of detection will be equivalent to that provided by the spacing and location required in accordance with NFPA 72 as referenced in Chapter 35. This may include the location of detectors in return air ducts from cells, behind grilles or in other locations. Spot type, combination duct and open area smoke detectors may be used when located not more than 14 inches (356 mm) from the return air grill. For initiation and annunciation purposes, these detectors may be combined in groups of four. The fire code official having jurisdiction, however, must approve the proposed equivalent performance of the design. 2. For detention housing and/or mental health housing area(s), including correctional medical and mental health uses, automatic smoke detection system in sleeping units shall not be required when all of the following conditions are met:
• CFC § 407.7.1 Medium relevance — show source text

  The provisions of this_ exception shall apply to those buildings or structures having bearing walls and structural frames protected in accordance with the provisions of Column Type IA of Table 601.

  4. In detention facilities where inmates are not restrained.

  The provisions of this section shall not apply to any facility used to house six or less persons on the premises.

  407.7.1 When a new addition is to be made to an unsprinklered building or structure as permitted by this subsection, such new addi- tion shall be sprinklered as required by this section and shall be separated from the existing building or structures by not less than a two-hour fire-resistive fire barrier.

  When a sprinkler system is added to an existing unsprinklered building or structure, the sprinklered area(s) shall be separated from the remainder of the building by not less than a one-hour fire-resistive fire barrier. The provisions of this section do not apply to any facility used to house six or less persons on the premises.

  [F] 407.8 Fire alarm system. A fire alarm system shall be provided in accordance with Section 907.2.6.

  [F] 407.9 Automatic smoke detection. A utomatic smoke detection shall be provided in accordance with Section 907.2.6.2.2.

  Group I-2, Condition 2 occupancies shall be equipped with smoke detection as required in Section 407.2.

  Exceptions:

  1. Corridor smoke detection is not required where sleeping rooms are provided with smoke detectors that comply with UL
  2. Such detectors shall provide a visual display on the corridor side of each sleeping room and an audible and visual alarm at the care provider’s station attending each unit.
  3. Corridor smoke detection is not required where sleeping room doors are equipped with automatic door-closing devices with integral smoke detectors on the unit sides installed in accordance with their listing, provided that the integral detectors perform the required alerting function.

  [BE] 407.10 Secured yards. Grounds are permitted to be fenced and gates therein are permitted to be equipped with locks, provided that safe dispersal areas having 30 net square feet (2.8 m [2] ) for bed and stretcher care recipients and 6 net square feet (0.56 m [2] ) for ambulatory care recipients and other occupants are located between the building and the fence. Such provided safe dispersal areas shall be located not less than 50 feet (15 240 mm) from the building they serve. Each safe dispersal area shall have a minimum of two exits. The aggregate clear width of exits from a safe dispersal area shall be determined on the basis of not less than one exit unit of 22 inches (559 mm) for each 500 persons to be accommodated, and no exit shall be less than 44 inches (1118 mm) in width. Gates shall not be installed across corridors or passageways leading to such dispersal areas unless they comply with egress requirements. Keys to gate locks shall be provided in accordance with the California Fire Code.

  [F] 407.11 Electrical systems. In Group I-2 occupancies, electrical construction and installation shall be in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 27, Article 517 of the California Electrical Code and NFPA 99.

• CFC § 4-23 Medium relevance — show source text

  Such system shall be_ activated by detectors responding to invisible particles of combustion other than heat, except that detectors used in closets, usable under-floor areas, storage rooms, bathrooms, attached garages, attics, plenums, laundry rooms and rooms of similar use, may be heat-responsive devices. 1.3. The building or portions thereof do not house persons with mental illness or children with developmental disabilities.

  2. This section shall not apply to any one-story building or structure of an institution or home for the care of the aged providing 24-hour-per-day care if such building or structure is used or intended to be used for the housing of no more than six ambula- tory aged persons. Such buildings or institutions shall have installed and maintained in an operable condition herein a fire alarm system of a type approved by the state fire marshal. Such system shall be activated by detectors responding to either

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  SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON OCCUPANCY AND USE

  visible or invisible particles of combustion other than heat, except that detectors used in closets, usable under-floor areas, storage rooms, bathrooms, attached garages, attics, plenums, laundry rooms and rooms of similar use, may be heat- responsive devices. 3. This section shall not apply to occupancies or any alterations thereto conforming to the construction provisions of this exception which were under construction or in existence on March 4, 1972. “Under construction” as used in this exception shall mean that actual work had been performed on the construction site and shall not be construed to mean that the hospi- tal, home, nursery, institution, sanitarium or any portion thereof, was or is in the planning stage. The provisions of this exception shall apply to those buildings or structures having bearing walls and structural frames protected in accordance with the provisions of Column Type IA of Table 601.

  4. In detention facilities where inmates are not restrained.

  The provisions of this section shall not apply to any facility used to house six or less persons on the premises.

  407.7.1 When a new addition is to be made to an unsprinklered building or structure as permitted by this subsection, such new addi- tion shall be sprinklered as required by this section and shall be separated from the existing building or structures by not less than a two-hour fire-resistive fire barrier.

  When a sprinkler system is added to an existing unsprinklered building or structure, the sprinklered area(s) shall be separated from the remainder of the building by not less than a one-hour fire-resistive fire barrier. The provisions of this section do not apply to any facility used to house six or less persons on the premises.

  [F] 407.8 Fire alarm system. A fire alarm system shall be provided in accordance with Section 907.2.6.

  [F] 407.9 Automatic smoke detection. A utomatic smoke detection shall be provided in accordance with Section 907.2.6.2.2.

  Group I-2, Condition 2 occupancies shall be equipped with smoke detection as required in Section 407.2.

  Exceptions:

• CFC § 608.13 Medium relevance — show source text

  608.13 Vapor Barrier. The entire ground surface of the under-floor space shall be covered with a vapor barrier having a thickness not less than 4 mils (0.1 mm) and a flamespread index of not more than 200.

  608.14 Prohibited. Fuel gas lines and plumbing waste cleanouts shall not be located within the space.

  609.0 Automatic Shutoffs.

  609.1 Air-Moving Systems and Smoke Detectors. Air-moving systems supplying air in excess of 2000 cubic feet per minute (ft [3] /min) (0.9439 m [3] /s) to enclosed spaces within buildings shall be equipped with an automatic shutoff. Automatic shutoff shall be accomplished by interrupting the power source of the air-moving equipment upon detection of smoke in the main supply-air duct downstream of both the fan and filters served by such equipment.

  Exceptions:

  (1) Where all portions of the building served by air-moving equipment returning air in excess of 2,000 cubic feet per minute (ft [3] /min) (0.9439 m [3] /s) are protected by a total coverage smoke-detection system in accordance with NFPA 72 and the California Fire Code, interconnection to such system shall be permitted to be used to accom- plish the required return-air system shutoff.

  (2) Automatic shutoff is not required where occupied rooms served by the air-handling equipment have direct exit to the exterior, and the travel distance does not exceed 100 feet (30 480 mm).

  (3) Automatic shutoff is not required for Group R, Division 3 and Group U Occupancies.

  (4) Automatic shutoff is not required for approved smokecontrol systems or where analysis demonstrates shutoff would create a greater hazard, such as shall be permitted to be encountered in air-moving equipment supplying specialized portions of Group H Occupancies. Such equipment shall be required to have smoke detection with remote indication and manual shutoff capability at an approved location.

  (5) Smoke detectors that are factory installed in listed airmoving equipment shall be permitted to be used in lieu of smoke detectors installed in the main supply-air duct served by such equipment.

  609.1.1 Duct Smoke Detectors. Duct smoke detec- tors shall comply with UL 268A, shall be labeled by an approved agency, approved and listed by California State Fire Marshal, and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions. Such devices shall be compatible with the operating velocities, pres- sures, temperatures, and humidity’s of the system. Where fire-detection or alarm systems are provided for the building, the smoke detectors shall be supervised by such

  2025 CALIFORNIA MECHANICAL CODE 143

  ), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.

  DUCT SYSTEMS

  systems in an approved manner and installed in accor- dance with NFPA 72 and the California Building and Fire Codes.

  High-rise buildings having occupied floors located more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above the lowest level of building access shall be provided with duct smoke detec- tion in accordance with Section 609.1 and the California Fire Code, Section 907.2.13.1.

• CFC § 907.2.11.6 Medium relevance — show source text

  907.2.11.6 Power source. In new construction, and in newly classified Group R-3.1 occupancies, required smoke alarms shall receive their primary power from the building wiring where such wiring is served from a commercial source and shall be equipped with a battery backup. Smoke alarms with integral strobes that are not equipped with battery back-up shall be connected to an emergency electrical system in accordance with Section 1203. Smoke alarms shall emit a signal when the batteries are low. Wiring shall be permanent and without a disconnecting switch other than as required for overcurrent protection.

  Exception: Smoke alarms are not required to be equipped with battery backup where they are connected to an emergency electrical system that complies with Section 603.

  907.2.11.7 Smoke detection system. Smoke detectors listed in accordance with UL 268 and provided as part of the building fire alarm system shall be an acceptable alternative to single- and multiple-station smoke alarms and shall comply with the following:

  1. The fire alarm system shall comply with all applicable requirements in Section 907.
  2. Activation of a smoke detector in a dwelling unit or sleeping unit shall initiate alarm notification in the dwelling unit or sleeping unit in accordance with Section 907.5.2.
  3. Activation of a smoke detector in a dwelling unit or sleeping unit shall not activate alarm notification appliances outside of the dwelling unit or sleeping unit, provided that a supervisory signal is generated and monitored in accordance with Section 907.6.6.

  907.2.11.8 Specific location requirements.

  Extract from NFPA 72 Section 29.11.3.4 Specific Location Requirements*.

  This extract has been provided by NFPA for the Office of the State Fire Marshal adoption by reference as follows:

  29.11.3.4 Specific location requirements. The installation of smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall comply with the follow- ing requirements:

  (1) Smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall not be located where ambient conditions, including humidity and temperature, are outside the limits specified by the manufacturer's published instructions.

  (2) Smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall not be located within unfinished attics or garages or in other spaces where temperatures can fall below 40ºF (4ºC) or exceed 100ºF (38ºC).

  (3) Where the mounting surface could become considerably warmer or cooler than the room, such as a poorly insulated ceil- ing below an unfinished attic or an exterior wall, smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall be mounted on an inside wall.

  (4) Smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall not be installed within an area of exclusion determined by a 10-foot (3.0 m) radial distance along a horizontal flow path from a stationary or fixed cooking appliance, unless listed for installation in close proximity to cooking appliances. Smoke alarms and smoke detectors installed between 10 feet (3.0 m) and 20 feet (6.1 m) along a horizontal flow path from a stationary or fixed appliance shall be equipped with an alarm-silencing means or use photoelectric detection.

  (5) Smoke alarms or smoke detectors that use photoelectric detection shall be permitted for installation at a radial distance greater than 6 feet (1.8 m) from any stationary or fixed cooking appliance when both of the following conditions are met: (a) The kitchen or cooking area and adjacent spaces have no clear partitions or headers.

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  FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS

• CFC § 435.6.2 Medium relevance — show source text

  435.6.2 Safety padding. Padding material used on walls, floors and ceilings in Group I and R-2.1 occupancies shall be of an approved type tested in accordance with the procedures established by State Fire Marshal Standard 12-8-100, Room Fire Test for Wall and Ceil- ing Materials, California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 12.

  435.7 Fire protection system provisions.

  435.7.1 Automatic sprinkler systems in Group R-2.1, R-3.1 and R-4 occupancies. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed where required in Section 903.

  435.7.2 Fire alarm systems in Group R-2.1 and R-4 occupancies. An approved fire alarm system shall be installed where required in Section 907.

  435.7.3 Smoke alarms in Groups R-2.1, R-3.1 and R-4 occupancies. Smoke alarms shall be installed where required in Section 907.2.11.2.

  435.7.4 Hearing impaired. See Section 907.5.2.3.4.

  435.8 Means of egress provisions.

  435.8.1 General. In addition to the general means of egress requirements of Chapter 10, this section shall apply to Group R-2.1, R-3.1 and R-4 occupancies.

  435.8.2 Number of exits.

  435.8.2.1 Group R-2.1, R-3.1 and R-4 occupancies shall have a minimum of two exits.

  Exception: Ancillary use areas or occupancies shall have egress as required by Section 1021.

  435.8.3 Egress arrangements.

  435.8.3.1 Egress through adjoining dwelling units shall not be permitted.

  435.8.3.2 Group R-3.1 occupancies housing non- ambulatory clients. In a Group R-3.1 occupancy, bedrooms used by nonambu- latory clients shall have access to at least one of the required exits which shall conform to one of the following: 1. Egress through a hallway or area into a bedroom in the immediate area which has an exit directly to the exterior and the corridor/hallway is constructed consistent with the dwelling unit interior walls. The hallway shall be separated from common areas by a solid wood door not less than 1 [3] / 8 inch (35 mm) in thickness, maintained self-closing or shall be auto- matic closing by actuation of a smoke detector installed in accordance with Section 716.2.6. 2. Egress through a hallway which has an exit directly to the exterior. The hallway shall be separated from the rest of the house by a wall constructed consistent with the dwelling unit interior walls and opening protected by a solid wood door not less than 1 [3] / 8 inch (35 mm) in thickness, maintained self-closing or shall be automatic closing by actuation of a smoke detector installed in accordance with Section 716.2.6.

• CFC § 2.1 Medium relevance — show source text

  **_ Licensed Group R-2.1 occupancies housing more than six nonambulatory, elderly clients shall be provided with an approved manual and automatic fire alarm system. Exceptions: Buildings housing nonambulatory clients on the first story only and which are protected throughout by the following: 1. An approved and supervised automatic sprinkler system, as specified in Sections 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, which upon acti- vation will initiate the fire alarm system to notify all occupants. 2. A manual fire alarm system. 3. Smoke alarms required by Section 907.2.11. 907.2.9.4.1 Smoke alarms. Single- and multiple-station smoke alarms shall be installed in accordance with Section 907.2.11.

  [A] 907.2.10 Group S. A fire alarm system shall be installed in a Group S occupancy as required by Sections 907.2.10.1 and 907.2.10.2.

  [F] 907.2.10.1 Public- and self-storage occupancies. A manual fire alarm system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with Section 907.5 shall be installed in Group S public-and self-storage occupancies three stories or greater in height for interior corridors and interior common areas. Visible notification appliances are not required within storage units. Exception: Manual fire alarm boxes are not required where the building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, and the occupant notification appliances will activate throughout the notification zones upon sprinkler water flow.

  [F] 907.2.10.2 Storage of lithium-ion or lithium metal batteries. A fire alarm system activated by an air-sampling-type smoke detection system or a radiant-energy-sensing detection system shall be installed throughout the entire fire area where required for the storage of lithium-ion batteries or lithium metal batteries in accordance with Section 320 of the California Fire Code .

  [F] 907.2.11 Single- and multiple-station smoke alarms. Listed single- and multiple-station smoke alarms complying with UL 217 shall be installed in accordance with Sections 907.2.11.1 through 907.2.11.7, NFPA 72 and the manufacturer’s instructions. Exception: For Group R occupancies. A fire alarm system with smoke detectors located in accordance with this section may be installed in lieu of smoke alarms. Upon actuation of the detector, only those notification appliances in the dwelling unit or guest room where the detector is actuated shall activate.

  [F] 907.2.11.1 Group R-1. Single- or multiple-station smoke alarms shall be installed in all of the following locations in Group R-1:

  1. In sleeping areas.
  2. In every room in the path of the means of egress from the sleeping area to the door leading from the sleeping unit.
  3. In each story within the sleeping unit, including basements. For sleeping units with split levels and without an intervening door between the adjacent levels, a smoke alarm installed on the upper level shall suffice for the adjacent lower level provided that the lower level is less than one full story below the upper level. See Section 907.2.11.8 for specific location requirements.
• CFC § 907.4.3 Medium relevance — show source text

  907.4.3 Automatic smoke detection. Where an automatic smoke detection system is required, it shall utilize smoke detectors unless ambient conditions prohibit such an installation. In spaces where smoke detectors cannot be utilized due to ambient conditions, approved automatic heat detectors shall be permitted.

  907.4.3.1 Automatic sprinkler system. For conditions other than specific fire safety functions noted in Section 907.3, in areas where ambient conditions prohibit the installation of smoke detectors, an automatic sprinkler system installed in such areas in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 and that is connected to the fire alarm system shall be approved as automatic heat detection.

  907.5 Occupant notification. Occupant notification by fire alarms shall be in accordance with Sections 907.5.1 through 907.5.2.5 . Occupant notification by smoke alarms in Group R-1 and R-2 occupancies shall comply with Section 907.5.2.1.3.2.

  907.5.1 Alarm activation and annunciation. Upon activation, fire alarm systems shall initiate occupant notification and shall annunciate at the fire alarm control unit, or where allowed elsewhere by Section 907, at a constantly attended location.

  907.5.1.1 Presignal feature. A presignal feature shall only be provided where approved. The presignal shall be annunciated at an approved, constantly attended location, having the capability to activate the occupant notification system in the event of fire or other emergency.

  Exception: A presignal feature shall not be permitted to be installed in a Group I-2 or R-2.1 occupancy.

  907.5.2 Alarm notification appliances. Alarm notification appliances shall be provided and shall be listed for their purpose.

  907.5.2.1 Audible alarms. Audible alarm notification appliances shall be provided and emit a distinctive sound that is not to be used for any purpose other than that of a fire alarm. In Group I-2 occupancies, audible appliances located in patient areas shall be only chimes or similar sounding appliances for alerting staff. See Section 907.5.2.5.

  Exceptions:

  1. Audible alarm notification appliances are not required in patient areas of Group I-2, Condition 2 occupancies that are in compliance with Section 907.5.2.5 .
  2. A visible alarm notification appliance installed in a nurses’ control station or other continuously attended staff location in a Group I-2 care suite shall be an acceptable alternative to the installation of audible alarm notification appliances throughout a suite or unit in Group I-2, Condition 2 occupancies that are in compliance with Section 907.5.2.5 .
  3. Where provided, audible notification appliances located in each enclosed occupant evacuation elevator lobby in accordance with Section 3008.9.1 of the California Building Code shall be connected to a separate notification zone for manual paging only.

  907.5.2.1.1 Average sound pressure. The audible alarm notification appliances shall provide a sound pressure level of 15 decibels (dBA) above the average ambient sound level or 5 dBA above the maximum sound level having a duration of not less than 60 seconds, whichever is greater, in every occupiable space within the building.

  907.5.2.1.2 Maximum sound pressure. The total sound pressure level produced by combining the ambient sound pressure level with all audible notification appliances operating shall not exceed 110 dBA at the minimum hearing distance from the

• CFC § 907.2.11.7 Medium relevance — show source text

  [F] 907.2.11.7 Smoke detection system. Smoke detectors listed in accordance with UL 268 and provided as part of the building fire alarm system shall be an acceptable alternative to single- and multiple-station smoke alarms and shall comply with the following:

  1. The fire alarm system shall comply with all applicable requirements in Section 907.
  2. Activation of a smoke detector in a dwelling unit or sleeping unit shall initiate alarm notification in the dwelling unit or sleeping unit in accordance with Section 907.5.2.
  3. Activation of a smoke detector in a dwelling unit or sleeping unit shall not activate alarm notification appliances outside of the dwelling unit or sleeping unit, provided that a supervisory signal is generated and monitored in accordance with Section 907.6.6.

  907.2.11.8 Specific location requirements.

  Extract from NFPA 72 Section 29.11.3.4 Specific Location Requirements*.

  This extract has been provided by NFPA for the Office of the State Fire Marshal adoption by reference as follows:

  29.11.3.4 Specific location requirements. The installation of smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall comply with the following requirements: (1) Smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall not be located where ambient conditions, including humidity and temperature, are outside the limits specified by the manufacturer's published instructions. (2) Smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall not be located within unfinished attics or garages or in other spaces where temperatures can fall below 40ºF (4ºC) or exceed 100ºF (38ºC). (3) Where the mounting surface could become considerably warmer or cooler than the room, such as a poorly insulated ceil- ing below an unfinished attic or an exterior wall, smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall be mounted on an inside wall. (4) Smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall not be installed within an area of exclusion determined by a 10-foot (3.0 m) radial distance along a horizontal flow path from a stationary or fixed cooking appliance, unless listed for installation in close proximity to cooking appliances. Smoke alarms and smoke detectors installed between 10 feet (3.0 m) and 20 feet (6.1 m) along a horizontal flow path from a stationary or fixed appliance shall be equipped with an alarm-silencing means or use photoelectric detection.

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  FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS

  (5) Smoke alarms or smoke detectors that use photoelectric detection shall be permitted for installation at a radial distance greater than 6 feet (1.8 m) from any stationary or fixed cooking appliance when both of the following conditions are met: (a) The kitchen or cooking area and adjacent spaces have no clear partitions or headers. (b) The 10-foot (3.0 m) area of exclusion would prohibit the placement of a smoke alarm or smoke detector required by other sections of this code. (6) Effective January 1, 2022, smoke alarms and smoke detectors installed between 6 feet (1.8 m) and 20 feet (6.1 m) along a horizontal flow path from a stationary or fixed cooking appliance shall be listed for resistance to common nuisance sources from cooking. (7) Smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall not be installed within a 36-inch (910 mm) horizontal path from a door to a _bathroom containing a shower or tub unless listed for installation in close proximity to such locations.

• CFC § 907.2.15 Medium relevance — show source text

  907.2.15 High-piled combustible storage areas. An automatic smoke detection system shall be installed throughout high-piled combustible storage areas where required by Section 3206.5.

  907.2.16 Aerosol storage uses. Aerosol product rooms and general-purpose warehouses containing aerosol products shall be provided with an approved manual fire alarm system where required by this code.

  907.2.17 Lumber, wood structural panel and veneer mills. Lumber, wood structural panel and veneer mills shall be provided with a manual fire alarm system.

  907.2.18 Underground buildings with smoke control systems. Where a smoke control system is installed in an underground building in accordance with the California Building Code, automatic smoke detectors shall be provided in accordance with Section 907.2.18.1.

  907.2.18.1 Smoke detectors. Not fewer than one smoke detector listed for the intended purpose shall be installed in all of the following areas:

  1. Mechanical equipment, electrical, transformer, telephone equipment, elevator machine or similar rooms.

  2. Elevator lobbies.

  3. The main return and exhaust air plenum of each air-conditioning system serving more than one story and located in a serviceable area downstream of the last duct inlet.

  4. Each connection to a vertical duct or riser serving two or more floors from return air ducts or plenums of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems, except that in Group R occupancies, a listed smoke detector is allowed to be used in each return air riser carrying not more than 5,000 cfm (2.4 m [3] /s) and serving not more than 10 air inlet openings.

  907.2.18.2 Alarm required. Activation of the smoke control system shall activate an audible alarm at a constantly attended location.

  907.2.19 Deep underground buildings. Where the lowest level of a structure is more than 60 feet (18 288 mm) below the finished floor of the lowest level of exit discharge, the structure shall be equipped throughout with a manual fire alarm system, including an emergency voice/alarm communication system installed in accordance with Section 907.5.2.2. 907.2.20 Covered and open mall buildings. Where the total floor area exceeds 50,000 square feet (4645 m [2] ) within either a covered mall building or within the perimeter line of an open mall building, an emergency voice/alarm communication system shall be provided. Access to emergency voice/alarm communication systems serving a mall, required or otherwise, shall be provided for the fire department. The system shall be provided in accordance with Section 907.5.2.2.

  907.2.21 Residential aircraft hangars. Not fewer than one single-station smoke alarm shall be installed within a residential aircraft hangar as defined in Chapter 2 of the California Building Code and shall be interconnected into the residential smoke alarm or other sounding device to provide an alarm that will be audible in all sleeping areas of the dwelling.

  907.2.22 Airport traffic control towers. An automatic smoke detection system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with Section 907.5 shall be provided in airport control towers in accordance with Sections 907.2.22.1 and 907.2.22.2.

  Exception: Audible appliances shall not be installed within the control tower cab.

• CFC § 1010.2.14 Medium relevance — show source text

  Exception: Items 1 through 4 shall not apply to doors to areas occupied by persons who, because of clinical needs, require restraint or containment as part of the function of a psychiatric or mental health treatment area.

  [BE] 1010.2.14 Elevator lobby exit access doors. Electrically locked exit access doors providing egress from elevator lobbies shall the following conditions:

  1. For all occupants of the floor, the path of exit access travel to not less than two exits is not required to pass through the elevator lobby.

  2. The building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, and a fire alarm system in accordance with Section 907. Elevator lobbies shall be provided with an approved automatic smoke detection system in accordance with Section 907.

  3. Upon activation of either the automatic sprinkler system or automatic smoke detection system, the building fire alarm system by means other than a manual fire alarm box shall automatically unlock the electric locks providing exit access from the elevator lobbies, and the electric locks shall remain unlocked until the fire alarm system is reset.

  4. The electric locks shall unlock on loss of power to the electric locks or electrical locking system.

  5. The electric locks shall have the capability of being unlocked by a switch located at the fire command center, security station or other approved location.

  6. A two-way communication system complying with Sections 1009.8.1 and 1009.8.2, shall be located in the elevator lobby adjacent to the electrically locked exit access door and connected to an approved constantly attended station. This constantly attended station shall have the capability of unlocking the electric locks of the elevator lobby exit access doors.

  7. Emergency lighting shall be provided in the elevator lobby on both sides of the electrically locked door.

  8. The electro-mechanical or electromagnetic locking device shall be listed in accordance with either UL 294 or UL 1034.

  [BE] 1010.2.15 Reserved.

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  MEANS OF EGRESS

  [BE] 1010.3 Special doors. Special doors and security grilles shall comply with the requirements of Sections 1010.3.1 through 1010.3.4.

  [BE] 1010.3.1 Revolving doors. Revolving doors shall comply with the following:

  1. Revolving doors shall comply with BHMA A156.27 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

  2. Each revolving door shall be capable of breakout in accordance with BHMA A156.27 and shall provide an aggregate width of not less than 36 inches (914 mm).

  3. A revolving door shall not be located within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the foot or top of stairways or escalators. A dispersal area shall be provided between the stairways or escalators and the revolving doors.

  4. The revolutions per minute (rpm) for a revolving door shall not exceed the maximum rpm as specified in BHMA A156.27. Manual revolving doors shall comply with Table 1010.3.1(1). Automatic or power-operated revolving doors shall comply with Table 1010.3.1(2).
• CFC § 2.1 Medium relevance — show source text

  Group R-2.1 occupancies housing bedridden clients shall be provided with smoke barriers constructed in accordance with Section 710 of the California Building Code regardless of the number of clients. When smoke barriers are required, the area within a smoke compartment shall not exceed 22,500 square feet (2090 m [2] ) nor shall its travel distance exceed 200 feet (60 960 mm). Such smoke barriers shall divide the floor as equally as possible.

  435.5.2 Smoke partitions. Group R-2.1 occupancies where smoke partitions are required, framing shall be covered with noncombus- tible materials having an approved thermal barrier with an index of not less than 15 in accordance with FM 4880, UL 1040, NFPA 286 or UL 1715.

  435.5.3 Independent egress. At least two means of egress shall be provided from each smoke compartment created by smoke barri- ers. Means of egress may pass through adjacent compartments provided it does not return through the smoke compartment from which means of egress originated.

  435.6 Interior finish provisions.

  435.6.1 Interior wall and ceiling finish. Group R-3.1 occupancies housing a bedridden client shall comply with Interior Wall and Ceil- ing Finish requirements specified for Group I-2 occupancies in Table 903.3 of the California Building Code.

  435.6.2 Safety padding. Padding material used on walls, floors and ceilings in Group I and R-2.1 occupancies shall be of an approved type tested in accordance with the procedures established by State Fire Marshal Standard 12-8-100, Room Fire Test for Wall and Ceil- ing Materials, California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 12.

  435.7 Fire Protection system provisions.

  435.7.1 Automatic sprinkler systems in Group R-2.1, R-3.1 and R-4 occupancies. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed where required in Section 903.

  435.7.2 Fire alarm systems in Group R-2.1 and R-4 occupancies. An approved fire alarm system shall be installed where required in Section 907.

  435.7.3 Smoke alarms in Groups R-2.1, R-3.1 and R-4 occupancies. Smoke alarms shall be installed where required in Section 907.2.11.2.

  435.7.4 Hearing impaired. See Section 907.5.2.3.5.

  435.8 Means of egress provisions.

  435.8.1 General. In addition to the general means of egress requirements of Chapter 10, this section shall apply to Group R-2.1, R-3.1 and R-4 occupancies.

  435.8.2 Number of exits.

  435.8.2.1 Group R-2.1, R-3.1 and R-4 occupancies shall have a minimum of two exits.

  Exception. Ancillary use areas or occupancies shall have egress as required by Section 1021.

  435.8.3 Egress arrangements.

  435.8.3.1 Egress through adjoining dwelling units shall not be permitted.

• CFC § 914.3.4 Medium relevance — show source text

  914.3.4 Automatic smoke detection. Smoke detection shall be provided in accordance with Section 907.2.13.1.

  914.3.5 Emergency voice/alarm communication system. An emergency voice/alarm communication system shall be provided in accordance with Section 907.5.2.2.

  914.3.6 Emergency responder communication coverage. In-building, two-way emergency responder communication coverage shall be provided in accordance with Section 510.

  914.3.7 Fire command. A fire command center complying with Section 508 shall be provided in a location approved by the fire department.

  914.3.8 Smoke control.

  914.3.8.1 Smoke control system. All portions of high-rise buildings shall be provided with a smoke control system in accordance with California Building Code, Section 909.

  914.3.8.2 Smokeproof exit enclosures. Every exit enclosure in high-rise buildings shall comply with California Building Code, Sections 909.20 and 1023.12. Every required stairway in Group I-2 occupancies serving floors more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access shall comply with Sections 909.20 and 1023.12 of the California Building Code.

  Exception: In high-rise buildings, exit enclosures serving three or less adjacent floors where one of the adjacent floors is the level of exit discharge.

  914.4 Atriums. Atriums shall comply with Sections 914.4.1 and 914.4.2.

  914.4.1 Automatic sprinkler system. An approved automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout the entire building.

  Exceptions:

  1. That area of a building adjacent to or above the atrium need not be sprinklered, provided that portion of the building is separated from the atrium portion by not less than a 2-hour fire barrier constructed in accordance with Section 707 of the California Building Code or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 711 of the California Building Code, or both.
  2. Where the ceiling of the atrium is more than 55 feet (16 764 mm) above the floor, sprinkler protection at the ceiling of the atrium is not required.

  914.4.2 Fire alarm system. A fire alarm system shall be provided where required by Section 907.2.14.

  914.5 Underground buildings. Underground buildings shall comply with Sections 914.5.1 through 914.5.5.

  914.5.1 Automatic sprinkler system. The highest level of exit discharge serving the underground portions of the building and all levels below shall be equipped with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. Waterflow switches and control valves shall be supervised in accordance with Section 903.4.1.

  914.5.2 Smoke control system. A smoke control system is required to control the migration of products of combustion in accordance with Section 909 and provisions of this section. Smoke control shall restrict movement of smoke to the general area of fire origin and maintain means of egress in a usable condition.

  914.5.3 Compartment smoke control system. Where compartmentation is required by Section 405.4 of the California Building Code, each compartment shall have an independent smoke control system. The system shall be automatically activated and capable of manual operation in accordance with Section 907.2.18.

• CFC § 1305.2.6 Medium relevance — show source text

  PV = Protection value from Table 1305.2.6(1).

  CF = Construction-type factor from Table 1305.2.6(2).

  1305.2.7 HVAC systems. Evaluate the ability of the HVAC system to resist the movement of smoke and fire beyond the point of origin. Under the categories in Section 1305.2.7.1, determine the appropriate value and enter that value into Table 1306.1 under Safety Parameter 1305.2.7, HVAC Systems, for fire safety, means of egress and general safety. Facilities in Group I-2 occupancies meeting Category a, b or c shall be considered to fail the evaluation.

  2025 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 13-7

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  PERFORMANCE COMPLIANCE METHODS

  1305.2.7.1 Categories. The categories for HVAC systems are:

  1. Category a—Plenums not in accordance with Section 602 of the International Mechanical Code . -10 points.

  2. Category b—Air movement in egress elements not in accordance with Section 1020.6 of the International Building Code . -5 points.

  3. Category c—Both Categories a and b are applicable. -15 points.

  4. Category d—Compliance of the HVAC system with Section 1020.6 of the International Building Code and Section 602 of the International Mechanical Code . 0 points.

  5. Category e—Systems serving one story; or a central boiler/chiller system without ductwork connecting two or more stories or where systems have no ductwork. +5 points.

  1305.2.8 Automatic fire detection. Evaluate the smoke detection capability based on the location and operation of automatic fire detectors in accordance with the International Mechanical Code and Section 907 of the International Building Code. Under the categories and occupancies in Table 1305.2.8, determine the appropriate value and enter that value into Table 1306.1 under Safety Parameter 1305.2.8, Automatic Fire Detection, for fire safety, means of egress and general safety. Facilities in Group I-2 occupancies meeting Category a, b or c shall be considered to fail the evaluation.

• CFC § 906.10 Medium relevance — show source text

  [F] 906.10 Wheeled units. Wheeled fire extinguishers shall be conspicuously located in a designated location.

  SECTION 907—FIRE ALARM AND DETECTION SYSTEMS

  [F] 907.1 General. This section covers the application, installation, performance and maintenance of fire alarm systems and their components.

  [F] 907.1.1 Construction documents. Construction documents for fire alarm systems shall be of sufficient clarity to indicate the location, nature and extent of the work proposed and show in detail that it will conform to the provisions of this code, the Califor- nia Fire Code ; and relevant laws, ordinances, rules and regulations, as determined by the fire code official.

  [F] 907.1.2 Fire alarm shop drawings. Shop drawings for fire alarm systems shall be prepared in accordance with NFPA 72 and submitted for review and approval prior to system installation.

  [F] 907.1.3 Equipment. Systems and components shall be California State Fire Marshal listed and approved in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1 for the purpose for which they are installed.

  [F] 907.1.4 Fire-walls and fire barrier walls. For the purpose of Section 907 fire walls and fire barrier walls shall not define separate buildings.

  [F] 907.1.5 Fire alarm use. A fire alarm system shall not be used for any purpose other than fire warning or mass notification and where permitted by NFPA 72.

  [F] 907.2 Where required—new buildings and structures. An approved fire alarm system installed in accordance with the provisions of this code and NFPA 72 shall be provided in new buildings and structures in accordance with Sections 907.2.1 through 907.2.29 and provide occupant notification in accordance with Section 907.5, unless other requirements are provided by another section of this code.

  Not fewer than one manual fire alarm box shall be provided in an approved location to initiate a fire alarm signal for fire alarm systems employing automatic fire detectors or waterflow detection devices. Where other sections of this code allow elimination of fire alarm boxes due to sprinklers, or automatic fire alarm systems, a single fire alarm box shall be installed at a location approved by the enforcing agency.

  Exceptions:

  1. The manual fire alarm box is not required for fire alarm control units dedicated to elevator recall control and supervisory service and fire sprinkler monitoring.
  2. The manual fire alarm box is not required for Group R-2 occupancies unless required by the fire code official to provide a means for fire watch personnel to initiate an alarm during a sprinkler system impairment event. Where provided, the manual fire alarm box shall not be located in an area that is open to the public. 3. The manual fire alarm box is not required to be installed when approved by the fire code official.
• CFC § 13-7 Medium relevance — show source text

  2025 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 13-7

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  PERFORMANCE COMPLIANCE METHODS

  1305.2.7.1 Categories. The categories for HVAC systems are:

  1. Category a—Plenums not in accordance with Section 602 of the International Mechanical Code . -10 points.

  2. Category b—Air movement in egress elements not in accordance with Section 1020.6 of the International Building Code . -5 points.

  3. Category c—Both Categories a and b are applicable. -15 points.

  4. Category d—Compliance of the HVAC system with Section 1020.6 of the International Building Code and Section 602 of the International Mechanical Code . 0 points.

  5. Category e—Systems serving one story; or a central boiler/chiller system without ductwork connecting two or more stories or where systems have no ductwork. +5 points.

  1305.2.8 Automatic fire detection. Evaluate the smoke detection capability based on the location and operation of automatic fire detectors in accordance with the International Mechanical Code and Section 907 of the International Building Code. Under the categories and occupancies in Table 1305.2.8, determine the appropriate value and enter that value into Table 1306.1 under Safety Parameter 1305.2.8, Automatic Fire Detection, for fire safety, means of egress and general safety. Facilities in Group I-2 occupancies meeting Category a, b or c shall be considered to fail the evaluation.

  TABLE 1305.2.8—AUTOMATIC FIRE DETECTION VALUES	Col2	Col3	Col4	Col5	Col6	Col7
  OCCUPANCY	CATEGORIES	CATEGORIES	CATEGORIES	CATEGORIES	CATEGORIES	CATEGORIES
  OCCUPANCY	a	b	c	d	e	f
  A-1, A-3, F, M, R, S-1	-10	-5	0	2	6	NA
  A-2	-25	-5	0	5	9	NA
  A-4, B, E, S-2	-4	-2	0	4	8	NA
  I-2	NP	NP	NP	4	5	2
  NA = Not Applicable. NP = Not Permitted.	NA = Not Applicable. NP = Not Permitted.	NA = Not Applicable. NP = Not Permitted.	NA = Not Applicable. NP = Not Permitted.	NA = Not Applicable. NP = Not Permitted.	NA = Not Applicable. NP = Not Permitted.	NA = Not Applicable. NP = Not Permitted.

  1305.2.8.1 Categories. The categories for automatic fire detection are:

• CFC § 567.7 Medium relevance — show source text

  [California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §567.7] Sealed Cabinets.

  Where extinguishers are installed in closed cabinets that are exposed to elevated temperatures, the cabinets shall be provided with screened openings and drains.

  906.9 Extinguisher installation. The installation of portable fire extinguishers shall be in accordance with Sections 906.9.1 through 906.9.3.

  906.9.1 Extinguishers weighing 40 pounds or less. Portable fire extinguishers having a gross weight not exceeding 40 pounds (18 kg) shall be installed so that their tops are not more than 5 feet (1524 mm) above the floor.

  906.9.2 Extinguishers weighing more than 40 pounds. Hand-held portable fire extinguishers having a gross weight exceeding 40 pounds (18 kg) shall be installed so that their tops are not more than 3.5 feet (1067 mm) above the floor.

  906.9.3 Floor clearance. The clearance between the floor and the bottom of installed hand-held portable fire extinguishers shall be not less than 4 inches (102 mm).

  906.10 Wheeled units. Wheeled fire extinguishers shall be conspicuously located in a designated location.

  SECTION 907—FIRE ALARM AND DETECTION SYSTEMS

  907.1 General. This section covers the application, installation, performance and maintenance of fire alarm systems and their components in new and existing buildings and structures. The requirements of Section 907.2 are applicable to new buildings and structures. The requirements of Section 907.9 are applicable to existing buildings and structures.

  907.1.1 Construction documents. Construction documents for fire alarm systems shall be of sufficient clarity to indicate the location, nature and extent of the work proposed and show in detail that it will conform to the provisions of this code; the Califor- nia Building Code ; and relevant laws, ordinances, rules and regulations, as determined by the fire code official.

  907.1.2 Fire alarm shop drawings. Shop drawings for fire alarm systems shall be prepared in accordance with NFPA 72 and submitted for review and approval prior to system installation. All plans and shop drawings shall use the symbols identified in NFPA 170, Standard for Fire Safety and Emergency Symbols.

  Exception: Other symbols are allowed where approved by the enforcing agency.

  907.1.3 Equipment. Systems and components shall be California State Fire Marshal listed and approved in accordance with Cali- fornia Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1 for the purpose for which they are installed.

  907.1.4 Fire-walls and fire barrier walls. For the purpose of Section 907, fire walls and fire barrier walls shall not define separate buildings.

  907.1.5 Fire alarm use. A fire alarm system shall not be used for any purpose other than fire warning or mass notification and where permitted by NFPA 72.

  907.2 Where required—new buildings and structures. An approved fire alarm system installed in accordance with the provisions of this code and NFPA 72 shall be provided in new buildings and structures in accordance with Sections 907.2.1 through 907.2.29 and provide occupant notification in accordance with Section 907.5, unless other requirements are provided by another section of this code.

• CFC § 1010.2.14 Medium relevance — show source text

  The switch shall directly break power to the electric lock.

  4. A building occupant shall not be required to pass through more than one door equipped with a controlled egress locking system before entering an exit. 5. All staff shall have the keys, codes or other means necessary to operate the controlled egress electrical locking systems. 6. Emergency lighting shall be provided at the door. 7. The electromechanical or electromagnetic locking device shall be listed in accordance with either UL 294 or UL 1034.

  Exception: Items 1 through 4 shall not apply to doors to areas occupied by persons who, because of clinical needs, require restraint or containment as part of the function of a psychiatric or mental health treatment area.

  1010.2.14 Elevator lobby exit access doors. Electrically locked exit access doors providing egress from elevator lobbies shall meet the following conditions:

  1. For all occupants of the floor, the path of exit access travel to not less than two exits is not required to pass through the elevator lobby.
  2. The building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, and a fire alarm system in accordance with Section 907. Elevator lobbies shall be provided with an automatic smoke detection system in accordance with Section 907.
  3. Upon activation of the building fire alarm system by means other than a manual fire alarm box shall automatically unlock the electric locks providing exit access from the elevator lobbies, and the electric locks shall remain unlocked until the fire alarm system is reset.
  4. The electric locks shall unlock on loss of power to the electric locks or electrical locking system.
  5. The electric locks shall have the capability of being unlocked by a switch located at the fire command center, security station or other approved location.
  6. A two-way communication system complying with Sections 1009.8.1 and 1009.8.2, shall be located in the elevator lobby adjacent to the electrically locked exit access door and connected to an approved constantly attended station. This constantly attended station shall have the capability of unlocking the electric locks of the elevator lobby exit access doors.
  7. Emergency lighting shall be provided in the elevator lobby on both sides of the electrically locked door.
  8. The electromechanical or electromagnetic locking device shall be listed in accordance with either UL 294 or UL 1034.

  1010.2.15 Reserved.

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  1010.3 Special doors. Special doors and security grilles shall comply with the requirements of Sections 1010.3.1 through 1010.3.4.

  1010.3.1 Revolving doors. Revolving doors shall comply with the following:

  1. Revolving doors shall comply with BHMA A156.27 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

  2. Each revolving door shall be capable of breakout in accordance with BHMA A156.27 and shall provide an aggregate width of not less than 36 inches (914 mm).

  3. A revolving door shall not be located within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the foot or top of stairways or escalators. A dispersal area shall be provided between the stairways or escalators and the revolving doors.

  4. The revolutions per minute (rpm) for a revolving door shall not exceed the maximum rpm as specified in BHMA A156.27.