Local zoning · Alpine County

Alpine County — Land Use

Land Use under the Alpine County local zoning and planning code, with the controlling citations.

Last reviewed: July 6, 2026

Overview

This page explains how land can be used in the unincorporated areas of Alpine County under the county’s zoning ordinance, cited locally as Title 18 (Zoning). Zoning applies only to the unincorporated areas and is mapped on the county’s official zoning maps maintained by the County Planner and Clerk . Use allowances, setbacks, and height limits vary by district and, in some locations, are further shaped by combined/overlay districts such as the Markleeville Historic District and the Scenic Highway Corridor standards . For context and related process pages, see the Alpine County zoning & planning overview and the summary of Alpine County Zoning.

Unincorporated Alpine County uses must match the allowed uses of the site’s zoning district(s), and any combined/overlay district requirements, as shown on the official zoning maps and applied per § 18.04.040 and § 18.12.060–.080 .

How to read Alpine County’s land-use structure

  • Applicability: Title 18 applies to all lands in the unincorporated areas of Alpine County; public agencies are generally subject to it as well .
  • Zoning map controls: Zoning changes follow formal procedures; official maps are kept current and available for public review .
  • General standards: Countywide standards (e.g., height, yards, and parking) appear in Chapter 18.68; specific districts may be more restrictive or establish their own limits .
  • Design/overlays: Project-specific or area overlays (e.g., historic Markleeville, Scenic Highway Corridor, and Commercial Recreation [-CR]) can modify or add to base zoning; see Overlay Districts and Design Review for applicability.

Base Zoning Districts — District-by-District

AG — Agriculture (Chapter 18.16)

  • Purpose: Preserve lands best suited for agriculture and reserve some for future development timing .
  • Typical permitted uses: Agriculture, one single-family dwelling, ranch/farm structures, home occupations; transitional and supportive housing are allowed uses in the zone list .
  • Conditional uses: Employee housing for ag operations; kennels; larger greenhouses; roadside stands; agricultural processing; certain extractive/energy uses; wireless facilities .
  • Key dimensional standards: 20-acre minimum parcel; 30 ft front/side/rear yards; depth should not exceed 2× width; see general height and development standards in Chapter 18.68 .
  • Where it applies: As mapped on official zoning maps; verify parcel zoning .

AP — Agricultural Preserve (Chapter 18.18)

  • Purpose: Implement the Williamson Act; uses limited to those compatible with long-term agriculture; residential subdivisions and non-agricultural commercial/industrial uses are not permitted .
  • Typical permitted uses: Agriculture, one single-family dwelling per 100 acres, home occupations; transitional and supportive housing are listed as permitted .
  • Conditional uses: Must meet AP compatibility criteria; employee housing; roadside stands; ag processing/storage; certain utilities and resource uses; recreation support facilities under thresholds .
  • Key dimensional standards: 100-acre minimum parcel; 30 ft front/side/rear yards; farmland security zones and TDRs are provided in this chapter .
  • Where it applies: Contracted ag preserve lands as designated; confirm on maps and with County .

LP — Land Preserve (Chapter 18.20)

  • Purpose: Preserve open space and rural character; allow controlled development of resource-oriented industries when consistent with GP density/timing .
  • Typical permitted uses: Public parks/recreation; private open space; agriculture .
  • Conditional uses: One dwelling per active resource operation or approved PD (subject to GP densities); quasi-public uses; certain mining/energy/utility facilities; small-scale dispersed recreation facilities (campgrounds, lodges, pack stations) with thresholds .
  • Key dimensional standards: Dimensional controls are largely through purpose/conditions and Chapter 18.68 references; verify site-specific conditions .
  • Where it applies: As mapped; often used to retain open space after clustering in PDs .

TP — Timber Preserve (Chapter 18.24)

  • Purpose: Preserve timberlands under the Forest Taxation Reform Act; TP contracts run in 10-year rolling terms .
  • Typical permitted uses: Growing/harvesting forest products and related roads/landings; watershed and habitat management; grazing; existing SFDs on parcels zoned TP .
  • Conditional uses: Sawmills and related processing; utilities; recreation support facilities; one SFD as owner’s principal residence per 160-acre (quarter section) parcel in TP .
  • Key dimensional standards: Not a conventional setback table; see Chapter 18.68 for general provisions; verify TP contract conditions .
  • Where it applies: As mapped; confirm parcel’s TP status with County/Assessor.

RE — Residential Estate (Chapter 18.32)

  • Purpose: Low-density single-family and mini-ranch uses on parcels sized to local conditions; never smaller than allowed by GP .
  • Typical permitted uses: One SFD per parcel, livestock, home occupations; transitional and supportive housing are listed as permitted .
  • Conditional uses: Quasi-public buildings; kennels .
  • Key dimensional standards: Minimum parcel size set case-by-case, often as RE-# acres suffix; 30 ft front/side/rear yards; depth ≤ 2× width; height per Chapter 18.68 .
  • Where it applies: Unincorporated neighborhoods designated for estate-lot development; check the map for RE-# suffixes .

RN — Residential Neighborhood (Chapter 18.36)

  • Purpose: Organized urban/suburban areas at up to 4 units/acre; higher density (up to 15 units/acre) requires a use permit and RH GP designation .
  • Typical permitted uses: One SFD per lot, home occupations, accessory structures; livestock allowed if parcel ≥ 0.5 acre; transitional and supportive housing are listed as permitted .
  • Conditional uses: Duplex and multifamily up to 15 units/acre; mobile home parks; off-site parking lots .
  • Key dimensional standards: Minimum parcel size set case-by-case, often as RN-## (thousand sq ft) suffix; 80 ft width; 100 ft depth; 30 ft front; 30 ft street side; 20 ft interior side; 20 ft rear .
  • Where it applies: Platted neighborhoods and townsite areas outside incorporated places; verify RN-## map callouts .

NC — Neighborhood Commercial (Chapter 18.40)

  • Purpose: Small-scale convenience centers serving nearby residents while preserving neighborhood/scenic character .
  • Principal permitted uses: Small local retail, bed and breakfast inns, accessory storage, accessory living quarters .
  • Conditional uses: Dwellings (beyond accessory), quasi-public uses, vehicle fuel sales, and similar uses finding consistency with NC purpose .
  • Key dimensional standards: 10,000 sf minimum lot; 30 ft front; sides generally none (more if abutting R); 30 ft rear; building floor area cap 2,500 sf; residential-height rules via § 18.68.050; limited hours near R (7 a.m.–8 p.m.) unless approved by use permit .
  • Where it applies: Small nodes along roads or within communities; confirm NC locations on maps .

C — Commercial (Chapter 18.44)

  • Purpose: Standards to improve/protect business centers and sustain the local economy; includes findings for commercial uses .
  • Principal permitted uses: Retail, offices, restaurants (no fast food by right), hotels/motels for transient guests, accessory living quarters, emergency shelters; includes all uses permitted in NC .
  • Conditional uses: Fast food, automotive sales/service, repair and fueling, light fabrication trades, nightclubs/bars, bowling/dancehalls, multi-unit dwellings beyond accessory living, large complexes over 4,000 sf or 2 stories, and similar .
  • Key dimensional standards: Lot area 5,000 sf; 50 ft width; 6 ft front; sides none unless abutting R; rear none unless abutting R (20 ft); height max 3 stories/45 ft; parking per Chapter 18.68 .
  • Where it applies: Community main streets and highway-oriented business areas; confirm mapped C districts .

IND — Industrial (Chapter 18.48)

  • Purpose: Reserve and protect lands for industrial activities, including uses objectionable in other districts .
  • Permitted uses: Agriculture; all commercial uses permitted in C plus other commercial/manufacturing/warehousing unless listed as conditional in § 18.48.030 .
  • Conditional uses: Caretaker/security residence; specified heavy/impactful uses (quarries; oil/gas/geothermal; disposal/incineration; tanneries; refineries; smelting; junkyards; hazardous-waste handling not generated on-site; airports) .
  • Key dimensional standards: 1-acre minimum lot; 20 ft front; sides/rear none unless abutting another zone (50 ft); height 45 ft; unused industrial lands may face rezoning review after 36 months of inactivity (with possible extensions) .
  • Where it applies: Designated industrial sites near infrastructure; confirm IND mapping .

INS — Institutional (Chapter 18.52)

  • Purpose: Reserve lands for public agencies/utilities and necessary public facilities with appropriate safeguards .
  • Permitted uses: Quasi-public uses; public facilities operated by agencies/utilities (e.g., schools, treatment plants, admin centers, police/fire) .
  • Conditional uses: Non-primary uses offered to public; airports/landing facilities .
  • Key dimensional standards: Parcel size per GP designation; 30 ft front; 20 ft side/rear; height 50 ft (reduced where abutting an R zone via § 18.68.050) .
  • Where it applies: Sites for essential services; verify with maps and agency plans .

PD — Planned Development (Chapter 18.28)

  • Purpose: Enable clustering and comprehensive plans meeting GP densities while protecting environmental quality; undeveloped remainders are retained as open space (often via LP or TP) .
  • Uses: “Any use or combination of uses” arranged to yield an acceptable overall development per an approved development plan; PD density generally capped at 2.5 units/acre for GP areas designated PD .
  • Standards: Typically follow the most similar zone unless deviations enhance overall plan quality; each structure must match the precise development plan .
  • Where it applies: As rezoned/approved; PDs require submittals and may be reconsidered if not implemented on schedule .

Combined/Overlay Districts and Special Area Requirements

-CR — Commercial Recreation Combined Zone (Chapter 18.64)

  • Role: A combining district to support visitor-serving retail/services at select highway locations and manage intensive recreation areas (e.g., ski areas) .
  • Permitted/conditional uses: Recreation-oriented retail; accessory living quarters and guest cottages; large recreation venues, campgrounds, and quasi-public uses need a use permit; outdoor merchandise displays are allowed within commercial districts under Scenic Corridor rules .
  • Standards: Area/yard/height follow the underlying zone unless a use permit authorizes otherwise .

MHD — Markleeville Historic District Combined Zone (Chapter 18.56)

  • Role: Protects/enhances the historic character of Markleeville; applies to the entire ~160-acre townsite with design guidelines and review procedures .
  • Applicability: Exterior modifications requiring a building permit, demolition/removal of pre-1940 structures, new construction/additions, signs, outdoor lighting, color changes in the commercial core, grading/terracing, fences/walls, parking/driveways, and small sheds in the commercial core all trigger review .
  • Tip: Coordinate early with Historic Preservation and Design Review.

Scenic Highway Corridor Development Requirements (Chapter 18.60)

  • Applicability: Any area visible from a designated Scenic Highway Corridor per the General Plan .
  • Prohibited within ¼ mile (selected): General off-site advertising, junkyards/refuse sites, overhead utilities, commercial telecommunication towers, and certain industrial uses; limited allowances for incidental solar/wind power and displays in ag or commercial districts are specified .
  • Design guidance: Non-mandatory guidelines encourage siting/massing, muted materials, low-glare lighting, and setbacks to reduce visual contrast with the natural background .

Countywide Standards Touchpoints (Chapter 18.68)

  • Height: Residential/main buildings have East/West Slope height limits varying 34–40 ft by slope; accessory buildings max 25 ft; variance may allow increases with added setbacks; commercial/industrial/institutional zones have separate height caps (e.g., C=45 ft, IND=45 ft, INS=50 ft) .
  • Building sites and easements: Rules for density calculations, open space preservation via LP, legal lots of record, and legacy OS parcels allow one SFD under conditions .
  • Parking: Off-street parking requirements are referenced by many districts and live in § 18.68.100 .
  • Home occupations: Allowed in any zone that allows residential use if standards are met (Chapter 18.70) .

Selected Land-Use Permissions at a Glance

Zone Typical By-Right Uses Examples of Conditional Uses Key Dimensional Standard Code Reference
AG Agriculture; 1 SFD; home occupations Employee housing; kennels; larger greenhouses; ag processing Min parcel 20 acres; yards 30 ft all sides § 18.16.020, § 18.16.030, § 18.16.040
AP Agriculture; 1 SFD per 100 acres Employee housing; roadside stands; utilities; ag processing Parcel 100 acres; yards 30 ft § 18.18.020, § 18.18.030, § 18.18.040
LP Parks/open space; ag One dwelling tied to active resource op or approved PD; low-intensity recreation Purpose-driven; verify site specifics § 18.20.020, § 18.20.030
TP Timber/forest uses; existing SFDs 1 SFD per 160 acres; sawmills; utilities; recreation facilities Contract/timber standards § 18.24.020, § 18.24.030
RE 1 SFD; livestock; home occupations Quasi-public; kennels Yards 30 ft; RE-# acre min set by County/GP § 18.32.020, § 18.32.040
RN 1 SFD; home occupations Duplex/multifamily to 15 du/ac; mobile home parks 80' width; 100' depth; 30'/30'/20' yards § 18.36.020–.040
NC Local retail; B&B; accessory living Dwellings; quasi-public; fuel sales Lot 10,000 sf; front 30 ft; floor area cap 2,500 sf § 18.40.020–.060
C Retail/office; hotels/motels; emergency shelters Fast food; auto uses; nightlife; large complexes Lot 5,000 sf; front 6 ft; height 45 ft § 18.44.020–.060
IND Commercial/manufacturing by right (unless listed) Caretaker residence; heavy/impact uses Lot 1 acre; front 20 ft; height 45 ft § 18.48.020–.050
INS Public/utility facilities Non-primary public uses; airports Front 30 ft; sides/rear 20 ft; height 50 ft § 18.52.020–.050
-CR Rec retail; accessory quarters Ski lifts; big recreation venues; campgrounds Follows underlying zone unless UP allows more § 18.64.020–.050
MHD Historic Markleeville design scope Design review for listed exterior/site changes See adopted guidelines § 18.56.010–.020

Practical notes and cross-references

  • Many districts defer to Chapter 18.68 for countywide standards—review Development Standards early in planning .
  • If your use is not listed as permitted, it may require a use permit or be prohibited; see each district’s conditional use list and the county’s procedures (use permits and variances appear outside this page; see Variances and Exceptions).
  • Nonconforming uses/structures follow Chapter 18.72, including rules for continuation, expansion by permit, and post-damage restoration; see Nonconforming Uses for process orientation .
  • In scenic-view corridors or Markleeville’s historic area, overlay requirements may be more determinative for siting, massing, and materials than base-zone standards; coordinate early with Design Review .

Checklist

  • Confirm the parcel is in unincorporated Alpine County and identify its base zoning on the official zoning maps (and any suffixes like RE-10 or RN-30) per § 18.12.060–.080 and § 18.04.040 .
  • Check for overlays/combined zones: -CR, MHD, or Scenic Highway Corridor applicability (triggers and prohibitions) .
  • Verify the proposed use is permitted or conditionally permitted in the base zone; note any district-specific findings (e.g., commercial findings in § 18.44.015) .
  • Apply key dimensional limits (lot size, yards, height) from the district and Chapter 18.68; where applicable, use East/West Slope height rules in § 18.68.050 .
  • Confirm parking requirements and any district caps (e.g., NC building size limit) that can constrain project programming .
  • If the use is conditional, prepare for the use permit process and any overlay design review (e.g., MHD design review) .
  • If the site/use is nonconforming, check Chapter 18.72 for continuation, expansion, or reconstruction rules .

Risks & Ambiguities

Issue Why it matters What to verify
AP compatibility criteria Even “ag-adjacent” uses in AP must not compromise long-term ag productivity Document how the use meets § 18.18.030(A) compatibility points; consult Planning
Scenic Corridor visibility Prohibitions apply if visible from designated corridors; ¼-mile bans are strict Whether the site is visible from a mapped corridor; whether any prohibited item is proposed per § 18.60.030
RN density above 4 du/ac Multifamily up to 15 du/ac is by use permit only, with RH GP designation Land-use map designation and permit path for § 18.36.030(D)
NC scale cap NC caps main building size at 2,500 sf Program size vs. § 18.40.050; additional conditions near R zones in § 18.40.070(C)
C district nightlife/auto uses Many higher-intensity uses require a CUP List matches § 18.44.030; also apply height/yards in § 18.44.050–.060
IND inactivity 36+ months of nonuse can trigger rezoning consideration Phasing/occupancy schedule against § 18.48.060
PD flexibility Standards can deviate if overall plan improves; density cap applies Precise plan controls; density in § 18.28.050(B)
MHD triggers Many exterior/site changes require historic review Whether the project is within the mapped MHD area and meets § 18.56.020 trigger list

Information Gaps

  • Exact subsection citation for the list of zoning districts that allow secondary dwelling units (ADUs) within Chapter 18.69: Not found in retrieved materials. Verify with the jurisdiction.
  • Current official zoning map designations for specific parcels: Not contained in the retrieved ordinance excerpts. Verify with the jurisdiction.

Plain-English Summary

In unincorporated Alpine County, every parcel has a zoning district that controls what you can build and how big/tall it can be. Start by checking your zoning on the county’s official maps, then match your proposal to the allowed or conditional uses and apply countywide rules like setbacks, heights, and parking; overlay areas such as the Markleeville Historic District and Scenic Highway Corridor can add design rules or even prohibit certain features.

Source References

  • § 18.04.040 Area where applicable; § 18.04.060 Relationship to General Plan
  • § 18.12.060–.080 Official zoning maps and changes
  • § 18.16.010–.050 AG Agriculture zone (uses, CUPs, yards)
  • § 18.18.010–.070 AP Agricultural Preserve (uses, CUPs, AP criteria, FARMS/TDR)
  • § 18.20.010–.030 LP Land Preserve (uses/CUPs)
  • § 18.24.010–.030 TP Timber Preserve (uses/CUPs)
  • § 18.32.010–.050 RE Residential Estate (uses/yards)
  • § 18.36.010–.050 RN Residential Neighborhood (uses/density/yards)
  • § 18.40.010–.070 NC Neighborhood Commercial (uses/CUPs/limits)
  • § 18.44.010–.070 C Commercial (uses/CUPs/yards/height)
  • § 18.48.010–.060 IND Industrial (uses/CUPs/yards/height/inactivity)
  • § 18.52.010–.060 INS Institutional (uses/CUPs/yards/height)
  • § 18.28.010–.100 PD Planned Development (purpose/uses/standards/timing)
  • § 18.64.010–.050 -CR Commercial Recreation combined zone
  • § 18.56.010–.020 MHD Markleeville Historic District combined zone
  • § 18.60.010–.050 Scenic Highway Corridor Development Requirements
  • § 18.68.010–.050, .100 General provisions (height, parking, building sites)
  • Chapter 18.70 Home Occupations (applicability)
  • Chapter 18.72 Nonconforming Uses (continuation/expansion/restoration)

Sources

Retrieved passages

  • Alpine County Zoning Code (Section 18.08.640) High relevance
  • Alpine County Zoning Code (§ 8.02) High relevance
  • Alpine County Zoning Code (§ 1) High relevance
  • Alpine County Zoning Code (§ 1) High relevance
  • Alpine County Zoning Code (§ 7.02) High relevance
  • Alpine County Zoning Code (§ 5) High relevance
  • Alpine County Zoning Code (§ 13.05) High relevance
  • Alpine County Zoning Code (§ 14.01) High relevance
  • Alpine County Zoning Code (§ 9.11) High relevance
  • Alpine County Zoning Code (§ 10.02) High relevance
  • Alpine County Zoning Code (§ 1) High relevance
  • Alpine County Zoning Code (§ 1) High relevance
  • CBC § 1 (Section 18.16.020) High relevance
  • Alpine County Zoning Code (Section 18.08.640) Medium relevance
  • Alpine County Zoning Code (Chapter 18.68) Medium relevance
  • Alpine County Zoning Code (section includes) Medium relevance
  • Alpine County Zoning Code (§ 4) Medium relevance
  • Alpine County Zoning Code (§ 1) Medium relevance

Cited sections

  • § 18.04.040 Area where applicable; § 18.04.060 Relationship to General Plan (§ 18.04.040)
  • § 18.12.060–.080 Official zoning maps and changes (§ 18.12.060)
  • § 18.16.010–.050 AG Agriculture zone (uses, CUPs, yards) (§ 18.16.010)
  • § 18.18.010–.070 AP Agricultural Preserve (uses, CUPs, AP criteria, FARMS/TDR) (§ 18.18.010)
  • § 18.20.010–.030 LP Land Preserve (uses/CUPs) (§ 18.20.010)
  • § 18.24.010–.030 TP Timber Preserve (uses/CUPs) (§ 18.24.010)
  • § 18.32.010–.050 RE Residential Estate (uses/yards) (§ 18.32.010)
  • § 18.36.010–.050 RN Residential Neighborhood (uses/density/yards) (§ 18.36.010)
  • § 18.40.010–.070 NC Neighborhood Commercial (uses/CUPs/limits) (§ 18.40.010)
  • § 18.44.010–.070 C Commercial (uses/CUPs/yards/height) (§ 18.44.010)
  • § 18.48.010–.060 IND Industrial (uses/CUPs/yards/height/inactivity) (§ 18.48.010)
  • § 18.52.010–.060 INS Institutional (uses/CUPs/yards/height) (§ 18.52.010)
  • § 18.28.010–.100 PD Planned Development (purpose/uses/standards/timing) (§ 18.28.010)
  • § 18.64.010–.050 -CR Commercial Recreation combined zone (§ 18.64.010)
  • § 18.56.010–.020 MHD Markleeville Historic District combined zone (§ 18.56.010)
  • § 18.60.010–.050 Scenic Highway Corridor Development Requirements (§ 18.60.010)
  • § 18.68.010–.050, .100 General provisions (height, parking, building sites) (§ 18.68.010)
  • Chapter 18.70 Home Occupations (applicability) (Chapter 18.70)
  • Chapter 18.72 Nonconforming Uses (continuation/expansion/restoration) (Chapter 18.72)
  • AlpineCounty_ZoningCode.md

Frequently asked questions

What can I build on an RE-10 lot in Alpine County?

In the RE district, one single-family home per parcel is typically allowed, livestock is permitted, and home occupations are allowed by right. Minimum parcel sizes are set case-by-case and indicated by the RE suffix (e.g., RE-10 means 10-acre minimum), and standard yards are 30 ft front/side/rear; height follows countywide rules in § 18.68.050. Verify your specific RE suffix and any site constraints before design (§ 18.32.020; § 18.32.040) .

Are duplexes or apartments allowed in RN?

Yes, but not by right. In RN, duplex and multifamily projects can be conditionally approved up to a maximum density of 15 units per acre if you secure a use permit and the appropriate RH General Plan designation exists or is obtained (§ 18.36.030(D); § 18.36.010) .

What are the setbacks in the AG zone?

AG has a 20-acre minimum parcel size and requires 30 ft front, side, and rear yards. Parcel depth should not exceed two times parcel width. Height and other general rules are in Chapter 18.68 (§ 18.16.040; § 18.16.050) .

Can I have a caretaker’s residence in an industrial district?

Yes. IND allows one residence for an owner/caretaker/security personnel as a conditional use. IND also has a 1-acre minimum lot, a 20 ft front setback, 50 ft side/rear when abutting another zone, and a 45 ft height cap (§ 18.48.030(A); § 18.48.040–.050) .

Do I need design review in Markleeville?

If your project is within the MHD combined zone (the Markleeville townsite), many exterior/site changes trigger design review—new construction and additions, exterior modifications, certain fences/lighting/signs, and more. Check § 18.56.020 for the full trigger list before you design .

What’s restricted in Scenic Highway Corridor areas?

Within areas visible from designated corridors, certain uses and installations are prohibited (e.g., off-site billboards, junkyards, overhead utilities, commercial telecom towers, and some industrial uses). Several of these are entirely prohibited within ¼ mile of the corridor (§ 18.60.030). The county also provides non-mandatory design guidelines to reduce visual contrast (§ 18.60.040) .

Can I build multiple homes in AP or TP?

AP generally allows one home per 100 acres by right; additional units (e.g., employee housing) require a use permit that meets compatibility criteria (§ 18.18.020–.030). TP may allow one owner-occupied residence per 160-acre (quarter-section) parcel as a conditional use (§ 18.24.030(D)) .

Are fast-food or nightlife uses allowed in commercial districts?

They can be, but they’re conditional in the C zone. Fast food, bars/nightclubs, and large complexes need a use permit and must meet commercial findings and dimensional limits (e.g., 6 ft front setback; 45 ft height cap) (§ 18.44.015; § 18.44.030; § 18.44.050–.060) .

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