Federal housing law
26 U.S.C. Subtitle A — Income Taxes (Internal Revenue Code)
Federal housing law as enacted — verbatim and citable.
- Edition
- 2026
- Last updated
- 2026-10-03
- Contents
- 7 chapters · 1,107 sections
- Jurisdiction
- United States
Contents
▸CHAPTER 1— NORMAL TAXES AND SURTAXES
Overview▸Subchapter A— Determination of Tax Liability
Overview▸PART II— TAX ON CORPORATIONS
▸PART III— CHANGES IN RATES DURING A TAXABLE YEAR
▸PART IV— CREDITS AGAINST TAX
Overview▸Subpart A— Nonrefundable Personal Credits
Overview- § 21. Expenses for household and dependent care services necessary for gainful employment
- § 22. Credit for the elderly and the permanently and totally disabled
- § 23. Adoption expenses
- § 24. Child tax credit
- § 25. Interest on certain home mortgages
- § 25A. American Opportunity and Lifetime Learning credits
- § 25B. Elective deferrals and IRA contributions by certain individuals
- § 25C. Energy efficient home improvement credit
- § 25D. Residential clean energy credit
- § 25E. Previously-owned clean vehicles
- § 25F. Qualified elementary and secondary education scholarships
- § 26. Limitation based on tax liability; definition of tax liability
▸Subpart B— Other Credits
Overview- § 27. Taxes of foreign countries and possessions of the United States
- § 28. Renumbered § 45C]
- § 29. Renumbered § 45K]
- § 30. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–295, div. A, title II, § 221(a)(2)(A), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 40…
- § 30A. Repealed. Pub. L. 115–141, div. U, title IV, § 401(d)(1)(B), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1…
- § 30B. Alternative motor vehicle credit
- § 30C. Alternative fuel vehicle refueling property credit
- § 30D. Clean vehicle credit
▸Subpart C— Refundable Credits
Overview- § 31. Tax withheld on wages
- § 32. Earned income
- § 33. Tax withheld at source on nonresident aliens and foreign corporations
- § 34. Certain uses of gasoline and special fuels
- § 35. Health insurance costs of eligible individuals
- § 36. First-time homebuyer credit
- § 36A. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–295, div. A, title II, § 221(a)(5)(A), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 4…
- § 36B. Refundable credit for coverage under a qualified health plan
- § 36C. Renumbered § 23]
- § 37. Overpayments of tax
▸Subpart D— Business Related Credits
Overview- § 38. General business credit
- § 39. Carryback and carryforward of unused credits
- § 40. Alcohol, etc., used as fuel
- § 40A. Biodiesel and renewable diesel used as fuel
- § 40B. Sustainable aviation fuel credit
- § 41. Credit for increasing research activities
- § 42. Low-income housing credit
- § 43. Enhanced oil recovery credit
- § 44. Expenditures to provide access to disabled individuals
- § 44A. Renumbered § 21]
- § 44B. Repealed. Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title IV, § 474(m)(1), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 833]
- § 44C. Renumbered § 23]
- § 44D. Renumbered § 29]
- § 44E. Renumbered § 40]
- § 44F. Renumbered § 30]
- § 44G. Renumbered § 41]
- § 44H. Renumbered § 45C]
- § 45. Electricity produced from certain renewable resources, etc.
- § 45A. Indian employment credit
- § 45B. Credit for portion of employer social security taxes paid with respect to employee cash…
- § 45C. Clinical testing expenses for certain drugs for rare diseases or conditions
- § 45D. New markets tax credit
- § 45E. Small employer pension plan startup costs
- § 45F. Employer-provided child care credit
- § 45G. Railroad track maintenance credit
- § 45H. Credit for production of low sulfur diesel fuel
- § 45I. Credit for producing oil and gas from marginal wells
- § 45J. Credit for production from advanced nuclear power facilities
- § 45K. Credit for producing fuel from a nonconventional source
- § 45L. New energy efficient home credit
- § 45M. Repealed. Pub. L. 115–141, div. U, title IV, § 401(d)(2)(A), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1…
- § 45N. Mine rescue team training credit
- § 45O. Agricultural chemicals security credit
- § 45P. Employer wage credit for employees who are active duty members of the uniformed services
- § 45Q. Credit for carbon oxide sequestration
- § 45R. Employee health insurance expenses of small employers
- § 45S. Employer credit for paid family and medical leave
- § 45T. Auto-enrollment option for retirement savings options provided by small employers
- § 45U. Zero-emission nuclear power production credit
- § 45V. Credit for production of clean hydrogen
- § 45W. Credit for qualified commercial clean vehicles
- § 45X. Advanced manufacturing production credit
- § 45Y. Clean electricity production credit
- § 45Z. Clean fuel production credit
- § 45AA. Military spouse retirement plan eligibility credit for small employers
▸Subpart E— Rules for Computing Investment Credit
Overview- § 46. Amount of credit
- § 47. Rehabilitation credit
- § 48. Energy credit
- § 48A. Qualifying advanced coal project credit
- § 48B. Qualifying gasification project credit
- § 48C. Qualifying advanced energy project credit
- § 48D. Advanced manufacturing investment credit
- § 48E. Clean electricity investment credit
- § 49. At-risk rules
- § 50. Other special rules
- § 50A, 50B. Repealed. Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title IV, § 474(m)(2), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 8…
▸Subpart F— Rules for Computing Work Opportunity Credit
▸Subpart G— Credit Against Regular Tax for Prior Year Minimum Tax Liability
▸PART VII— BASE EROSION AND ANTI-ABUSE TAX
▸Subchapter B— Computation of Taxable Income
Overview▸PART I— DEFINITION OF GROSS INCOME, ADJUSTED GROSS INCOME, TAXABLE INCOME, ETC.
▸PART II— ITEMS SPECIFICALLY INCLUDED IN GROSS INCOME
Overview- § 71. Repealed. Pub. L. 115–97, title I, § 11051(b)(1)(B), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2089]
- § 72. Annuities; certain proceeds of endowment and life insurance contracts
- § 73. Services of child
- § 74. Prizes and awards
- § 75. Dealers in tax-exempt securities
- § 76. Repealed. Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1901(a)(14), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1765]
- § 77. Commodity credit loans
- § 78. Gross up for deemed paid foreign tax credit
- § 79. Group-term life insurance purchased for employees
- § 80. Restoration of value of certain securities
- § 81. Repealed. Pub. L. 100–203, title X, § 10201(b)(1), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–387]
- § 82. Reimbursement of moving expenses
- § 83. Property transferred in connection with performance of services
- § 84. Transfer of appreciated property to political organizations
- § 85. Unemployment compensation
- § 86. Social security and tier 1 railroad retirement benefits
- § 87. Alcohol and biodiesel fuels credits
- § 88. Certain amounts with respect to nuclear decommissioning costs
- § 89. Repealed. Pub. L. 101–140, title II, § 202(a), Nov. 8, 1989, 103 Stat. 830]
- § 90. Illegal Federal irrigation subsidies
- § 91. Certain foreign branch losses transferred to specified 10-percent owned foreign corporat…
▸PART III— ITEMS SPECIFICALLY EXCLUDED FROM GROSS INCOME
Overview- § 101. Certain death benefits
- § 102. Gifts and inheritances
- § 103. Interest on State and local bonds
- § 103A. Repealed. Pub. L. 99–514, title XIII, § 1301(j)(1), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2657]
- § 104. Compensation for injuries or sickness
- § 105. Amounts received under accident and health plans
- § 106. Contributions by employer to accident and health plans
- § 107. Rental value of parsonages
- § 108. Income from discharge of indebtedness
- § 109. Improvements by lessee on lessor’s property
- § 110. Qualified lessee construction allowances for short-term leases
- § 111. Recovery of tax benefit items
- § 112. Certain combat zone compensation of members of the Armed Forces
- § 113. Repealed. Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, § 11801(a)(7), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–520]
- § 114. Repealed. Pub. L. 108–357, title I, § 101(a), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1423]
- § 115. Income of States, municipalities, etc.
- § 116. Repealed. Pub. L. 99–514, title VI, § 612(a), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2250]
- § 117. Qualified scholarships
- § 118. Contributions to the capital of a corporation
- § 119. Meals or lodging furnished for the convenience of the employer
- § 120. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–295, div. A, title II, § 221(a)(19)(A), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. …
- § 121. Exclusion of gain from sale of principal residence
- § 122. Certain reduced uniformed services retirement pay
- § 123. Amounts received under insurance contracts for certain living expenses
- § 124. Repealed. Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, § 11801(a)(9), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–520]
- § 125. Cafeteria plans
- § 126. Certain cost-sharing payments
- § 127. Educational assistance programs
- § 128. Employer contributions to Trump accounts
- § 129. Dependent care assistance programs
- § 130. Certain personal injury liability assignments
- § 131. Certain foster care payments
- § 132. Certain fringe benefits
- § 133. Repealed. Pub. L. 104–188, title I, § 1602(a), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1833]
- § 134. Certain military benefits
- § 135. Income from United States savings bonds used to pay higher education tuition and fees
- § 136. Energy conservation subsidies provided by public utilities
- § 137. Adoption assistance programs
- § 138. Medicare Advantage MSA
- § 139. Disaster relief payments
- § 139A. Federal subsidies for prescription drug plans
- § 139B. Benefits provided to volunteer firefighters and emergency medical responders
- § 139C. Certain disability-related first responder retirement payments
- § 139D. Indian health care benefits
- § 139E. Indian general welfare benefits
- § 139F. Certain amounts received by wrongfully incarcerated individuals
- § 139G. Assignments to Alaska Native Settlement Trusts
- § 139H. Interest received in action to recover property seized by the Internal Revenue Service…
- § 139I. Continuation coverage premium assistance
- § 139J. Certain contributions to Trump accounts
- § 139K. Scholarships for qualified elementary or secondary education expenses of eligible stud…
- § 139L. Interest on loans secured by rural or agricultural real property
- § 139M. Compensation for losses or damages resulting from certain wildfires
- § 140. Cross references to other Acts
▸PART IV— TAX EXEMPTION REQUIREMENTS FOR STATE AND LOCAL BONDS
Overview▸Subpart A— Private Activity Bonds
Overview- § 141. Private activity bond; qualified bond
- § 142. Exempt facility bond
- § 143. Mortgage revenue bonds: qualified mortgage bond and qualified veterans’ mortgage bond
- § 144. Qualified small issue bond; qualified student loan bond; qualified redevelopment bond
- § 145. Qualified 501(c)(3) bond
- § 146. Volume cap
- § 147. Other requirements applicable to certain private activity bonds
▸Subpart B— Requirements Applicable to All State and Local Bonds
▸Subpart C— Definitions and Special Rules
▸PART V— DEDUCTIONS FOR PERSONAL EXEMPTIONS
▸PART VI— ITEMIZED DEDUCTIONS FOR INDIVIDUALS AND CORPORATIONS
Overview- § 161. Allowance of deductions
- § 162. Trade or business expenses
- § 163. Interest
- § 164. Taxes
- § 165. Losses
- § 166. Bad debts
- § 167. Depreciation
- § 168. Accelerated cost recovery system
- § 169. Amortization of pollution control facilities
- § 170. Charitable, etc., contributions and gifts
- § 171. Amortizable bond premium
- § 172. Net operating loss deduction
- § 173. Circulation expenditures
- § 174. Amortization of research and experimental expenditures
- § 174A. Domestic research or experimental expenditures
- § 175. Soil and water conservation expenditures; endangered species recovery expenditures
- § 176. Payments with respect to employees of certain foreign corporations
- § 177. Repealed. Pub. L. 99–514, title II, § 241(a), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2181]
- § 178. Amortization of cost of acquiring a lease
- § 179. Election to expense certain depreciable business assets
- § 179A. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–295, div. A, title II, § 221(a)(34)(A), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat.…
- § 179B. Deduction for capital costs incurred in complying with Environmental Protection Agency…
- § 179C. Election to expense certain refineries
- § 179D. Energy efficient commercial buildings deduction
- § 179E. Election to expense advanced mine safety equipment
- § 180. Expenditures by farmers for fertilizer, etc.
- § 181. Treatment of certain qualified productions
- § 182. Repealed. Pub. L. 99–514, title IV, § 402(a), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2221]
- § 183. Activities not engaged in for profit
- § 184. Repealed. Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, § 11801(a)(12), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–520]
- § 185. Repealed. Pub. L. 99–514, title II, § 242(a), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2181]
- § 186. Recoveries of damages for antitrust violations, etc.
- § 187. Repealed. Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1901(a)(31), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1769]
- § 188. Repealed. Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, § 11801(a)(13), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–520]
- § 189. Repealed. Pub. L. 99–514, title VIII, § 803(b)(1), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2355]
- § 190. Expenditures to remove architectural and transportation barriers to the handicapped and…
- § 191. Repealed. Pub. L. 97–34, title II, § 212(d)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 239]
- § 192. Contributions to black lung benefit trust
- § 193. Tertiary injectants
- § 194. Treatment of reforestation expenditures
- § 194A. Contributions to employer liability trusts
- § 195. Start-up expenditures
- § 196. Deduction for certain unused business credits
- § 197. Amortization of goodwill and certain other intangibles
- § 198. Expensing of environmental remediation costs
- § 198A. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–295, div. A, title II, § 221(a)(35), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 40…
- § 199. Repealed. Pub. L. 115–97, title I, § 13305(a), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2126]
- § 199A. Qualified business income
▸PART VII— ADDITIONAL ITEMIZED DEDUCTIONS FOR INDIVIDUALS
Overview- § 211. Allowance of deductions
- § 212. Expenses for production of income
- § 213. Medical, dental, etc., expenses
- § 214. Repealed. Pub. L. 94–455, title V, § 504(b)(1), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1565]
- § 215. Repealed. Pub. L. 115–97, title I, § 11051(a), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2089]
- § 216. Deduction of taxes, interest, and business depreciation by cooperative housing corporat…
- § 217. Moving expenses
- § 218. Repealed. Pub. L. 95–600, title I, § 113(a)(1), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2778]
- § 219. Retirement savings
- § 220. Archer MSAs
- § 221. Interest on education loans
- § 222. Repealed. Pub. L. 116–260, div. EE, title I, § 104(b)(1), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 3041]
- § 223. Health savings accounts
- § 224. Qualified tips
- § 225. Qualified overtime compensation
- § 226. Cross reference
▸PART VIII— SPECIAL DEDUCTIONS FOR CORPORATIONS
Overview- § 241. Allowance of special deductions
- § 242. Repealed. Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1901(a)(33), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1769]
- § 243. Dividends received by corporations
- § 244. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–295, div. A, title II, § 221(a)(41)(A), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. …
- § 245. Dividends received from certain foreign corporations
- § 245A. Deduction for foreign source-portion of dividends received by domestic corporations fr…
- § 246. Rules applying to deductions for dividends received
- § 246A. Dividends received deduction reduced where portfolio stock is debt financed
- § 247. Contributions to Alaska Native Settlement Trusts
- § 248. Organizational expenditures
- § 249. Limitation on deduction of bond premium on repurchase
- § 250. Foreign-derived deduction eligible income and net CFC tested income
▸PART IX— ITEMS NOT DEDUCTIBLE
Overview- § 261. General rule for disallowance of deductions
- § 262. Personal, living, and family expenses
- § 263. Capital expenditures
- § 263A. Capitalization and inclusion in inventory costs of certain expenses
- § 264. Certain amounts paid in connection with insurance contracts
- § 265. Expenses and interest relating to tax-exempt income
- § 266. Carrying charges
- § 267. Losses, expenses, and interest with respect to transactions between related taxpayers
- § 267A. Certain related party amounts paid or accrued in hybrid transactions or with hybrid en…
- § 268. Sale of land with unharvested crop
- § 269. Acquisitions made to evade or avoid income tax
- § 269A. Personal service corporations formed or availed of to avoid or evade income tax
- § 269B. Stapled entities
- § 270. Repealed. Pub. L. 91–172, title II, § 213(b), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 572]
- § 271. Debts owed by political parties, etc.
- § 272. Disposal of coal or domestic iron ore
- § 273. Holders of life or terminable interest
- § 274. Disallowance of certain entertainment, etc., expenses
- § 275. Certain taxes
- § 276. Certain indirect contributions to political parties
- § 277. Deductions incurred by certain membership organizations in transactions with members
- § 278. Repealed. Pub. L. 99–514, title VIII, § 803(b)(6), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2356]
- § 279. Interest on indebtedness incurred by corporation to acquire stock or assets of another …
- § 280. Repealed. Pub. L. 99–514, title VIII, § 803(b)(2)(A), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2355]
- § 280A. Disallowance of certain expenses in connection with business use of home, rental of va…
- § 280B. Demolition of structures
- § 280C. Certain expenses for which credits are allowable
- § 280D. Repealed. Pub. L. 100–418, title I, § 1941(b)(4)(A), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1324]
- § 280E. Expenditures in connection with the illegal sale of drugs
- § 280F. Limitation on depreciation for luxury automobiles; limitation where certain property u…
- § 280G. Golden parachute payments
- § 280H. Limitation on certain amounts paid to employee-owners by personal service corporations…
▸PART X— TERMINAL RAILROAD CORPORATIONS AND THEIR SHAREHOLDERS
▸PART XI— SPECIAL RULES RELATING TO CORPORATE PREFERENCE ITEMS
▸Subchapter C— Corporate Distributions and Adjustments
Overview▸PART I— DISTRIBUTIONS BY CORPORATIONS
Overview▸Subpart A— Effects on Recipients
Overview- § 301. Distributions of property
- § 302. Distributions in redemption of stock
- § 303. Distributions in redemption of stock to pay death taxes
- § 304. Redemption through use of related corporations
- § 305. Distributions of stock and stock rights
- § 306. Dispositions of certain stock
- § 307. Basis of stock and stock rights acquired in distributions
▸Subpart B— Effects on Corporation
▸Subpart C— Definitions; Constructive Ownership of Stock
▸PART II— CORPORATE LIQUIDATIONS
Overview▸Subpart D— Definition and Special Rule
▸PART III— CORPORATE ORGANIZATIONS AND REORGANIZATIONS
Overview▸Subpart A— Corporate Organizations
▸Subpart B— Effects on Shareholders and Security Holders
▸Subpart D— Special Rule; Definitions
▸[PART IV— REPEALED]
▸PART V— CARRYOVERS
▸PART VI— TREATMENT OF CERTAIN CORPORATE INTERESTS AS STOCK OR INDEBTEDNESS
▸Subchapter D— Deferred Compensation, Etc.
Overview▸PART I— PENSION, PROFIT-SHARING, STOCK BONUS PLANS, ETC.
Overview▸Subpart A— General Rule
Overview- § 401. Qualified pension, profit-sharing, and stock bonus plans
- § 402. Taxability of beneficiary of employees’ trust
- § 402A. Optional treatment of elective deferrals as Roth contributions
- § 403. Taxation of employee annuities
- § 404. Deduction for contributions of an employer to an employees’ trust or annuity plan and c…
- § 404A. Deduction for certain foreign deferred compensation plans
- § 405. Repealed. Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title IV, § 491(a), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 848]
- § 406. Employees of foreign affiliates covered by section 3121(l) agreements
- § 407. Certain employees of domestic subsidiaries engaged in business outside the United States
- § 408. Individual retirement accounts
- § 408A. Roth IRAs
- § 409. Qualifications for tax credit employee stock ownership plans
- § 409A. Inclusion in gross income of deferred compensation under nonqualified deferred compens…
▸Subpart B— Special Rules
Overview- § 410. Minimum participation standards
- § 411. Minimum vesting standards
- § 412. Minimum funding standards
- § 413. Collectively bargained plans, etc.
- § 414. Definitions and special rules
- § 414A. Requirements related to automatic enrollment
- § 415. Limitations on benefits and contribution under qualified plans
- § 416. Special rules for top-heavy plans
- § 417. Definitions and special rules for purposes of minimum survivor annuity requirements
▸Subpart D— Treatment of Welfare Benefit Funds
▸Subpart E— Treatment of Transfers to Retiree Health Accounts
▸PART III— RULES RELATING TO MINIMUM FUNDING STANDARDS AND BENEFIT LIMITATIONS
Overview▸Subpart A— Minimum Funding Standards for Pension Plans
▸Subpart B— Benefit Limitations Under Single-Employer Plans
▸Subchapter E— Accounting Periods and Methods of Accounting
Overview▸PART II— METHODS OF ACCOUNTING
Overview▸Subpart A— Methods of Accounting in General
▸Subpart B— Taxable Year for Which Items of Gross Income Included
Overview- § 451. General rule for taxable year of inclusion
- § 452. Repealed. June 15, 1955, ch. 143, § 1(a), 69 Stat. 134]
- § 453. Installment method
- § 453A. Special rules for nondealers
- § 453B. Gain or loss on disposition of installment obligations
- § 453C. Repealed. Pub. L. 100–203, title X, § 10202(a)(1), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–388]
- § 454. Obligations issued at discount
- § 455. Prepaid subscription income
- § 456. Prepaid dues income of certain membership organizations
- § 457. Deferred compensation plans of State and local governments and tax-exempt organizations
- § 457A. Nonqualified deferred compensation from certain tax indifferent parties
- § 458. Magazines, paperbacks, and records returned after the close of the taxable year
- § 460. Special rules for long-term contracts
▸Subpart C— Taxable Year for Which Deductions Taken
Overview- § 461. General rule for taxable year of deduction
- § 462. Repealed. June 15, 1955, ch. 143, § 1(b), 69 Stat. 134]
- § 463. Repealed. Pub. L. 100–203, title X, § 10201(a), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–387]
- § 464. Limitations on deductions for certain farming expenses
- § 465. Deductions limited to amount at risk
- § 466. Repealed. Pub. L. 99–514, title VIII, § 823(a), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2373]
- § 467. Certain payments for the use of property or services
- § 468. Special rules for mining and solid waste reclamation and closing costs
- § 468A. Special rules for nuclear decommissioning costs
- § 468B. Special rules for designated settlement funds
- § 469. Passive activity losses and credits limited
- § 470. Limitation on deductions allocable to property used by governments or other tax-exempt …
▸Subchapter F— Exempt Organizations
Overview▸PART I— GENERAL RULE
Overview- § 501. Exemption from tax on corporations, certain trusts, etc.
- § 502. Feeder organizations
- § 503. Requirements for exemption
- § 504. Status after organization ceases to qualify for exemption under section 501(c)(3) becau…
- § 505. Additional requirements for organizations described in paragraph (9) or (17) of section…
- § 506. Organizations required to notify Secretary of intent to operate under 501(c)(4)
▸PART III— TAXATION OF BUSINESS INCOME OF CERTAIN EXEMPT ORGANIZATIONS
▸PART V— SHIPOWNERS’ PROTECTION AND INDEMNITY ASSOCIATIONS
▸PART VI— POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS
▸PART VII— CERTAIN HOMEOWNERS ASSOCIATIONS
▸PART VIII— CERTAIN SAVINGS ENTITIES
▸PART IX— TRUMP ACCOUNTS
▸Subchapter G— Corporations Used to Avoid Income Tax on Shareholders
Overview▸PART I— CORPORATIONS IMPROPERLY ACCUMULATING SURPLUS
▸PART II— PERSONAL HOLDING COMPANIES
Overview- § 541. Imposition of personal holding company tax
- § 542. Definition of personal holding company
- § 543. Personal holding company income
- § 544. Rules for determining stock ownership
- § 545. Undistributed personal holding company income
- § 546. Income not placed on annual basis
- § 547. Deduction for deficiency dividends
▸Subchapter H— Banking Institutions
Overview▸PART I— RULES OF GENERAL APPLICATION TO BANKING INSTITUTIONS
Overview- § 581. Definition of bank
- § 582. Bad debts, losses, and gains with respect to securities held by financial institutions
- § 583. Repealed. Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1901(a)(82), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1778]
- § 584. Common trust funds
- § 585. Reserves for losses on loans of banks
- § 586. Repealed. Pub. L. 99–514, title IX, § 901(c), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2378]
▸PART II— MUTUAL SAVINGS BANKS, ETC.
Overview- § 591. Deduction for dividends paid on deposits
- § 592. Repealed. Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1901(a)(83), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1778]
- § 593. Reserves for losses on loans
- § 594. Alternative tax for mutual savings banks conducting life insurance business
▸§ 595, 596. Repealed. Pub. L. 104–188, title I, § 1616(b)(8), (9), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 18…
▸Subchapter I— Natural Resources
Overview▸PART I— DEDUCTIONS
Overview- § 611. Allowance of deduction for depletion
- § 612. Basis for cost depletion
- § 613. Percentage depletion
- § 613A. Limitations on percentage depletion in case of oil and gas wells
- § 614. Definition of property
- § 615. Repealed. Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1901(a)(88), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1779]
- § 616. Development expenditures
- § 617. Deduction and recapture of certain mining exploration expenditures
▸PART IV— MINERAL PRODUCTION PAYMENTS
▸PART V— CONTINENTAL SHELF AREAS
▸Subchapter J— Estates, Trusts, Beneficiaries, and Decedents
Overview▸PART I— ESTATES, TRUSTS, AND BENEFICIARIES
Overview▸Subpart A— General Rules for Taxation of Estates and Trusts
▸Subpart B— Trusts Which Distribute Current Income Only
▸Subpart C— Estates and Trusts Which May Accumulate Income or Which Distribute Corpus
▸Subpart D— Treatment of Excess Distributions by Trusts
Overview- § 665. Definitions applicable to subpart D
- § 666. Accumulation distribution allocated to preceding years
- § 667. Treatment of amounts deemed distributed by trust in preceding years
- § 668. Interest charge on accumulation distributions from foreign trusts
- § 669. Repealed. Pub. L. 94–455, title VII, § 701(d)(1), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1578]
▸Subpart E— Grantors and Others Treated as Substantial Owners
Overview- § 671. Trust income, deductions, and credits attributable to grantors and others as substantia…
- § 672. Definitions and rules
- § 673. Reversionary interests
- § 674. Power to control beneficial enjoyment
- § 675. Administrative powers
- § 676. Power to revoke
- § 677. Income for benefit of grantor
- § 678. Person other than grantor treated as substantial owner
- § 679. Foreign trusts having one or more United States beneficiaries
▸Subpart F— Miscellaneous
▸PART II— INCOME IN RESPECT OF DECEDENTS
▸Subchapter K— Partners and Partnerships
Overview▸PART I— DETERMINATION OF TAX LIABILITY
Overview- § 701. Partners, not partnership, subject to tax
- § 702. Income and credits of partner
- § 703. Partnership computations
- § 704. Partner’s distributive share
- § 705. Determination of basis of partner’s interest
- § 706. Taxable years of partner and partnership
- § 707. Transactions between partner and partnership
- § 708. Continuation of partnership
- § 709. Treatment of organization and syndication fees
▸PART II— CONTRIBUTIONS, DISTRIBUTIONS, AND TRANSFERS
Overview▸Subpart B— Distributions by a Partnership
Overview- § 731. Extent of recognition of gain or loss on distribution
- § 732. Basis of distributed property other than money
- § 733. Basis of distributee partner’s interest
- § 734. Adjustment to basis of undistributed partnership property where section 754 election or…
- § 735. Character of gain or loss on disposition of distributed property
- § 736. Payments to a retiring partner or a deceased partner’s successor in interest
- § 737. Recognition of precontribution gain in case of certain distributions to contributing pa…
▸Subpart C— Transfers of Interests in a Partnership
▸Subpart D— Provisions Common to Other Subparts
▸PART III— DEFINITIONS
▸Subchapter L— Insurance Companies
Overview▸PART I— LIFE INSURANCE COMPANIES
Overview▸Subpart A— Tax Imposed
▸Subpart B— Life Insurance Gross Income
▸Subpart C— Life Insurance Deductions
Overview- § 804. Life insurance deductions
- § 805. General deductions
- § 806. Repealed. Pub. L. 115–97, title I, § 13512(a), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2142]
- § 807. Rules for certain reserves
- § 808. Policyholder dividends deduction
- § 809. Repealed. Pub. L. 108–218, title II, § 205(a), Apr. 10, 2004, 118 Stat. 610]
- § 810. Repealed. Pub. L. 115–97, title I, § 13511(b)(1), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2142]
▸Subpart D— Accounting, Allocation, and Foreign Provisions
Overview- § 811. Accounting provisions
- § 812. Definition of company’s share and policyholder’s share
- § 813. Repealed. Pub. L. 100–203, title X, § 10242(c)(1), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–423]
- § 814. Contiguous country branches of domestic life insurance companies
- § 815. Repealed. Pub. L. 115–97, title I, § 13514(a), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2143]
▸PART III— PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION
Overview- § 841. Credit for foreign taxes
- § 842. Foreign companies carrying on insurance business
- § 843. Annual accounting period
- § 844. Repealed. Pub. L. 115–97, title I, § 13511(b)(2)(A), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2142]
- § 845. Certain reinsurance agreements
- § 846. Discounted unpaid losses defined
- § 847. Repealed. Pub. L. 115–97, title I, § 13516(a), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2144]
- § 848. Capitalization of certain policy acquisition expenses
▸Subchapter M— Regulated Investment Companies and Real Estate Investment Trusts
Overview▸PART I— REGULATED INVESTMENT COMPANIES
Overview- § 851. Definition of regulated investment company
- § 852. Taxation of regulated investment companies and their shareholders
- § 853. Foreign tax credit allowed to shareholders
- § 853A. Credits from tax credit bonds allowed to shareholders
- § 854. Limitations applicable to dividends received from regulated investment company
- § 855. Dividends paid by regulated investment company after close of taxable year
▸PART III— PROVISIONS WHICH APPLY TO BOTH REGULATED INVESTMENT COMPANIES AND REAL ESTATE INVEST…
▸PART IV— REAL ESTATE MORTGAGE INVESTMENT CONDUITS
▸Subchapter N— Tax Based on Income From Sources Within or Without the United States
Overview▸PART I— SOURCE RULES AND OTHER GENERAL RULES RELATING TO FOREIGN INCOME
▸PART II— NONRESIDENT ALIENS AND FOREIGN CORPORATIONS
Overview▸Subpart A— Nonresident Alien Individuals
Overview- § 871. Tax on nonresident alien individuals
- § 872. Gross income
- § 873. Deductions
- § 874. Allowance of deductions and credits
- § 875. Partnerships; beneficiaries of estates and trusts
- § 876. Alien residents of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, or the Northern Mariana Islands
- § 877. Expatriation to avoid tax
- § 877A. Tax responsibilities of expatriation
- § 878. Foreign educational, charitable, and certain other exempt organizations
- § 879. Tax treatment of certain community income in the case of nonresident alien individuals
▸Subpart C— Tax on Gross Transportation Income
▸Subpart D— Miscellaneous Provisions
Overview- § 891. Doubling of rates of tax on citizens and corporations of certain foreign countries
- § 892. Income of foreign governments and of international organizations
- § 893. Compensation of employees of foreign governments or international organizations
- § 894. Income affected by treaty
- § 895. Income derived by a foreign central bank of issue from obligations of the United States…
- § 896. Adjustment of tax on nationals, residents, and corporations of certain foreign countries
- § 897. Disposition of investment in United States real property
- § 898. Taxable year of certain foreign corporations
▸PART III— INCOME FROM SOURCES WITHOUT THE UNITED STATES
Overview▸Subpart A— Foreign Tax Credit
Overview- § 901. Taxes of foreign countries and of possessions of United States
- § 902. Repealed. Pub. L. 115–97, title I, § 14301(a), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2221]
- § 903. Credit for taxes in lieu of income, etc., taxes
- § 904. Limitation on credit
- § 905. Applicable rules
- § 906. Nonresident alien individuals and foreign corporations
- § 907. Special rules in case of foreign oil and gas income
- § 908. Reduction of credit for participation in or cooperation with an international boycott
- § 909. Suspension of taxes and credits until related income taken into account
▸Subpart B— Earned Income of Citizens or Residents of United States
▸[Subpart C— Repealed]
▸Subpart D— Possessions of the United States
Overview- § 931. Income from sources within Guam, American Samoa, or the Northern Mariana Islands
- § 932. Coordination of United States and Virgin Islands income taxes
- § 933. Income from sources within Puerto Rico
- § 934. Limitation on reduction in income tax liability incurred to the Virgin Islands
- § 934A. Repealed. Pub. L. 99–514, title XII, § 1275(c)(3), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2599]
- § 935. Repealed. Pub. L. 99–514, title XII, § 1272(d)(2), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2594]
- § 936. Repealed. Pub. L. 115–141, div. U, title IV, § 401(d)(1)(C), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1…
- § 937. Residence and source rules involving possessions
▸Subpart F— Controlled Foreign Corporations
Overview- § 951. Amounts included in gross income of United States shareholders
- § 951A. Net CFC tested income included in gross income of United States shareholders
- § 951B. Amounts included in gross income of foreign controlled United States shareholders
- § 952. Subpart F income defined
- § 953. Insurance income
- § 954. Foreign base company income
- § 955. Repealed. Pub. L. 115–97, title I, § 14212(a), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2217]
- § 956. Investment of earnings in United States property
- § 956A. Repealed. Pub. L. 104–188, title I, § 1501(a)(2), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1825]
- § 957. Controlled foreign corporations; United States persons
- § 958. Rules for determining stock ownership
- § 959. Exclusion from gross income of previously taxed earnings and profits
- § 960. Deemed paid credit for subpart F inclusions
- § 961. Adjustments to basis of stock in controlled foreign corporations and of other property
- § 962. Election by individuals to be subject to tax at corporate rates
- § 963. Repealed. Pub. L. 94–12, title VI, § 602(a)(1), Mar. 29, 1975, 89 Stat. 58]
- § 964. Miscellaneous provisions
- § 965. Treatment of deferred foreign income upon transition to participation exemption system …
▸Subpart I— Admissibility of Documentation Maintained in Foreign Countries
▸PART IV— DOMESTIC INTERNATIONAL SALES CORPORATIONS
Overview▸Subpart B— Treatment of Distributions to Shareholders
▸PART V— INTERNATIONAL BOYCOTT DETERMINATIONS
▸Subchapter O— Gain or Loss on Disposition of Property
Overview▸PART I— DETERMINATION OF AMOUNT OF AND RECOGNITION OF GAIN OR LOSS
▸PART II— BASIS RULES OF GENERAL APPLICATION
Overview- § 1011. Adjusted basis for determining gain or loss
- § 1012. Basis of property—cost
- § 1013. Basis of property included in inventory
- § 1014. Basis of property acquired from a decedent
- § 1015. Basis of property acquired by gifts and transfers in trust
- § 1016. Adjustments to basis
- § 1017. Discharge of indebtedness
- § 1018. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–589, § 6(h)(1), Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3410]
- § 1019. Property on which lessee has made improvements
- § 1020. Repealed. Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1901(a)(125), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1784]
- § 1021. Sale of annuities
- § 1022. Repealed. Pub. L. 111–312, title III, § 301(a), Dec. 17, 2010, 124 Stat. 3300]
- § 1023. Cross references
- § 1024. Renumbered § 1023]
▸PART III— COMMON NONTAXABLE EXCHANGES
Overview- § 1031. Exchange of real property held for productive use or investment
- § 1032. Exchange of stock for property
- § 1033. Involuntary conversions
- § 1034. Repealed. Pub. L. 105–34, title III, § 312(b), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 839]
- § 1035. Certain exchanges of insurance policies
- § 1036. Stock for stock of same corporation
- § 1037. Certain exchanges of United States obligations
- § 1038. Certain reacquisitions of real property
- § 1039. Repealed. Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, § 11801(a)(33), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–521]
- § 1040. Transfer of certain farm, etc., real property
- § 1041. Transfers of property between spouses or incident to divorce
- § 1042. Sales of stock to employee stock ownership plans or certain cooperatives
- § 1043. Sale of property to comply with conflict-of-interest requirements
- § 1044. Repealed. Pub. L. 115–97, title I, § 13313(a), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2133]
- § 1045. Rollover of gain from qualified small business stock to another qualified small busine…
▸PART IV— SPECIAL RULES
Overview- § 1051. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–295, div. A, title II, § 221(a)(78), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 40…
- § 1052. Basis established by the Revenue Act of 1932 or 1934 or by the Internal Revenue Code o…
- § 1053. Property acquired before March 1, 1913
- § 1054. Certain stock of Federal National Mortgage Association
- § 1055. Redeemable ground rents
- § 1056. Repealed. Pub. L. 108–357, title VIII, § 886(b)(1)(A), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1641]
- § 1057. Repealed. Pub. L. 105–34, title XI, § 1131(c)(2), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 980]
- § 1058. Transfers of securities under certain agreements
- § 1059. Corporate shareholder’s basis in stock reduced by nontaxed portion of extraordinary di…
- § 1059A. Limitation on taxpayer’s basis or inventory cost in property imported from related pe…
- § 1060. Special allocation rules for certain asset acquisitions
- § 1061. Partnership interests held in connection with performance of services
- § 1062. Gain from the sale or exchange of qualified farmland property to qualified farmers
- § 1063. Cross references
▸PART VII— WASH SALES; STRADDLES
▸Subchapter P— Capital Gains and Losses
Overview▸PART II— TREATMENT OF CAPITAL LOSSES
▸PART III— GENERAL RULES FOR DETERMINING CAPITAL GAINS AND LOSSES
▸PART IV— SPECIAL RULES FOR DETERMINING CAPITAL GAINS AND LOSSES
Overview- § 1231. Property used in the trade or business and involuntary conversions
- § 1232 to 1232B. Repealed. Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title I, § 42(a)(1), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat…
- § 1233. Gains and losses from short sales
- § 1234. Options to buy or sell
- § 1234A. Gains or losses from certain terminations
- § 1234B. Gains or losses from securities futures contracts
- § 1235. Sale or exchange of patents
- § 1236. Dealers in securities
- § 1237. Real property subdivided for sale
- § 1238. Repealed. Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, § 11801(a)(35), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–521]
- § 1239. Gain from sale of depreciable property between certain related taxpayers
- § 1240. Repealed. Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1901(a)(139), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1787]
- § 1241. Cancellation of lease or distributor’s agreement
- § 1242. Losses on small business investment company stock
- § 1243. Loss of small business investment company
- § 1244. Losses on small business stock
- § 1245. Gain from dispositions of certain depreciable property
▸§ 1246, 1247. Repealed. Pub. L. 108–357, title IV, § 413(a)(2), (3), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. …
Overview- § 1248. Gain from certain sales or exchanges of stock in certain foreign corporations
- § 1249. Gain from certain sales or exchanges of patents, etc., to foreign corporations
- § 1250. Gain from dispositions of certain depreciable realty
- § 1251. Repealed. Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title IV, § 492(a), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 853]
- § 1252. Gain from disposition of farm land
- § 1253. Transfers of franchises, trademarks, and trade names
- § 1254. Gain from disposition of interest in oil, gas, geothermal, or other mineral properties
- § 1255. Gain from disposition of section 126 property
- § 1256. Section 1256 contracts marked to market
- § 1257. Disposition of converted wetlands or highly erodible croplands
- § 1258. Recharacterization of gain from certain financial transactions
- § 1259. Constructive sales treatment for appreciated financial positions
- § 1260. Gains from constructive ownership transactions
▸PART V— SPECIAL RULES FOR BONDS AND OTHER DEBT INSTRUMENTS
Overview▸Subpart A— Original Issue Discount
Overview- § 1271. Treatment of amounts received on retirement or sale or exchange of debt instruments
- § 1272. Current inclusion in income of original issue discount
- § 1273. Determination of amount of original issue discount
- § 1274. Determination of issue price in the case of certain debt instruments issued for property
- § 1274A. Special rules for certain transactions where stated principal amount does not exceed …
- § 1275. Other definitions and special rules
▸PART VI— TREATMENT OF CERTAIN PASSIVE FOREIGN INVESTMENT COMPANIES
Overview▸Subpart A— Interest on Tax Deferral
▸Subpart B— Treatment of Qualified Electing Funds
▸Subpart C— Election of Mark to Market for Marketable Stock
▸Subpart D— General Provisions
▸Subchapter Q— Readjustment of Tax Between Years and Special Limitations
Overview▸PART I— INCOME AVERAGING
▸PART II— MITIGATION OF EFFECT OF LIMITATIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS
▸PART VII— RECOVERIES OF FOREIGN EXPROPRIATION LOSSES
▸Subchapter R— Election To Determine Corporate Tax on Certain International Shipping Activities…
Overview- § 1352. Alternative tax on qualifying shipping activities
- § 1353. Notional shipping income
- § 1354. Alternative tax election; revocation; termination
- § 1355. Definitions and special rules
- § 1356. Qualifying shipping activities
- § 1357. Items not subject to regular tax; depreciation; interest
- § 1358. Allocation of credits, income, and deductions
- § 1359. Disposition of qualifying vessels
▸Subchapter S— Tax Treatment of S Corporations and Their Shareholders
Overview▸PART II— TAX TREATMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS
▸PART IV— DEFINITIONS; MISCELLANEOUS
▸Subchapter T— Cooperatives and Their Patrons
Overview▸PART II— TAX TREATMENT BY PATRONS OF PATRONAGE DIVIDENDS AND PER-UNIT RETAIN ALLOCATIONS
▸PART III— DEFINITIONS; SPECIAL RULES
▸Subchapter U— Designation and Treatment of Empowerment Zones, Enterprise Communities, and Rura…
Overview▸PART II— TAX-EXEMPT FACILITY BONDS FOR EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND ENTERPRISE COMMUNITIES
▸PART III— ADDITIONAL INCENTIVES FOR EMPOWERMENT ZONES
Overview▸Subpart A— Empowerment Zone Employment Credit
▸Subpart B— Additional Expensing
▸Subpart C— Nonrecognition of Gain on Rollover of Empowerment Zone Investments
▸Subpart D— General Provisions
▸PART IV— INCENTIVES FOR EDUCATION ZONES
▸PART V— REGULATIONS
▸Subchapter Z— Opportunity Zones
▸CHAPTER 2— TAX ON SELF-EMPLOYMENT INCOME
▸CHAPTER 2A— UNEARNED INCOME MEDICARE CONTRIBUTION
▸CHAPTER 3— WITHHOLDING OF TAX ON NONRESIDENT ALIENS AND FOREIGN CORPORATIONS
Overview▸Subchapter A— Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Corporations
Overview- § 1441. Withholding of tax on nonresident aliens
- § 1442. Withholding of tax on foreign corporations
- § 1443. Foreign tax-exempt organizations
- § 1444. Withholding on Virgin Islands source income
- § 1445. Withholding of tax on dispositions of United States real property interests
- § 1446. Withholding of tax on foreign partners’ share of effectively connected income
▸Subchapter B— Application of Withholding Provisions
Overview- § 1451. Repealed. Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title IV, § 474(r)(29)(A), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 8…
- § 1461. Liability for withheld tax
- § 1462. Withheld tax as credit to recipient of income
- § 1463. Tax paid by recipient of income
- § 1464. Refunds and credits with respect to withheld tax
- § 1465. Repealed. Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1901(a)(156), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1789]
▸CHAPTER 4— TAXES TO ENFORCE REPORTING ON CERTAIN FOREIGN ACCOUNTS
▸[CHAPTER 5— REPEALED]
Overview▸§ 1491, 1492. Repealed. Pub. L. 105–34, title XI, § 1131(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 978]
▸CHAPTER 6— CONSOLIDATED RETURNS
Overview▸Subchapter A— Returns and Payment of Tax
▸Subchapter B— Related Rules
Overview▸PART II— CERTAIN CONTROLLED CORPORATIONS
Overview- § 1561. Limitation on accumulated earnings credit in the case of certain controlled corporations
- § 1562. Repealed. Pub. L. 91–172, title IV, § 401(a)(2), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 600]
- § 1563. Definitions and special rules
- § 1564. Repealed. Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, § 11801(a)(38), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–521]